#valvular heart disease

[pathology-flashcards]

Rheumatic heart disease

[cardiacreports2]

Autopsy Report

Case Number: 2024-1125-01 Decedent Name: Chad Evanston Age: 19 Sex: Male Height: 5’11” Weight: 154 lbs (estimated lean build) Race/Ethnicity: Caucasian Date of Death: November 24, 2024 Time of Autopsy: November 25, 2024, 9:00 AM Pathologist: Dr. Robert Linfield

I. External Examination

General Appearance: The decedent is a well-developed, lean, and athletic-appearing 19-year-old male, weighing approximately 154 pounds. He has brown hair, approximately 3 inches in length, and brown eyes. Skin is pale but otherwise unremarkable, with no evidence of external trauma or defensive injuries. Fingernails are clean and well-trimmed.

Clothing: The decedent was found dressed in athletic attire, including a blue baseball cap, black athletic shorts, a running watch on the left wrist, and well-worn running shoes. The clothing was damp due to environmental exposure but showed no tears or stains of significance beyond expected post-mortem findings.

Identifying Marks: A faint scar measuring 2 cm is present on the left knee, consistent with prior minor trauma or surgery. No tattoos or other distinguishing marks.

II. Internal Examination

Cardiovascular System: The heart is notably abnormal upon inspection. Weighing 390 grams (upper end of normal for the decedent's size and build), the heart exhibits significant thickening of the left ventricle (left ventricular hypertrophy). The mitral valve shows marked structural abnormalities, including:

Fibrotic thickening of the leaflets.

Mild calcification at the annulus.

Evidence of prolapse of the posterior leaflet, causing incomplete coaptation during closure. This structural defect resulted in significant mitral regurgitation, which would have led to reduced cardiac efficiency during exertion.

Examination of the coronary arteries reveals no signs of atherosclerosis or narrowing. However, microscopic examination identifies mild interstitial fibrosis in the ventricular myocardium, particularly in the left ventricle. These findings are consistent with chronic strain and early-stage cardiomyopathy, likely exacerbated by prolonged high-intensity physical activity.The conduction system shows mild scarring near the sinoatrial node, likely the origin of the arrhythmias detected on the decedent's running watch.

Lungs: The lungs weigh 520 grams (right) and 480 grams (left), with mild congestion. Examination shows no emboli or aspirated material.

Abdominal Organs: All abdominal organs, including the liver, spleen, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, appear normal in size and morphology.

Brain: Examination of the brain reveals no hemorrhages, infarcts, or structural abnormalities.

III. Microscopic Findings

Heart Tissue: Histological examination of the heart confirms chronic myocardial fibrosis and focal areas of myocyte disarray. These findings are indicative of longstanding structural abnormalities and stress-induced cardiac remodeling.

Lung Tissue: Pulmonary alveoli appear congested but otherwise unremarkable.

Valvular Tissue: Fibrosis and calcification of the mitral valve tissue are evident, along with cellular degeneration, consistent with a congenital or acquired valvular defect exacerbated over time.

IV. Toxicology Report

Testing for substances, including recreational drugs, alcohol, and common stimulants, returned negative results.

V. Cause of Death

Sudden cardiac arrest secondary to severe mitral valve dysfunction and associated arrhythmia.

Detailed Analysis of Cardiac Findings

The decedent's heart exhibited chronic and progressive mitral valve disease. The fibrotic and calcified changes in the mitral valve likely originated from an undiagnosed congenital defect, aggravated over time by physical exertion. The incomplete closure of the mitral valve resulted in backflow of blood (regurgitation) during systole, progressively overloading the left atrium and left ventricle. Over time, this stress led to the observed hypertrophy and scarring of the myocardium.

The combination of myocardial fibrosis and conduction system scarring predisposed the decedent to severe arrhythmias. The running watch data corroborates this, showing prolonged arrhythmic episodes throughout the decedent's final run.

The sustained stress of a nine-mile run caused the decedent’s heart to become electrically unstable, leading to ventricular fibrillation—a fatal arrhythmia resulting in sudden cardiac arrest. The autopsy findings, supported by wearable device data, confirm that this event was precipitated by his preexisting cardiac abnormalities.

Despite being otherwise healthy and athletic, the decedent’s heart was structurally compromised, making high-intensity exercise particularly dangerous. The mitral valve's dysfunction was significant enough that even mild to moderate exertion may have posed a risk over time.

Conclusion: Chad Evanston’s death was due to undiagnosed and progressive cardiac pathology exacerbated by prolonged physical exertion. This case highlights the critical need for screening individuals engaging in high-intensity activities for underlying heart conditions.

Final Manner of Death: Natural

[love-and-deepspace-wiki]

Akso Hospital Expert Introductions: Dr. Cooper

Last but not least, let's meet Dr. Cooper. He's a talented doctor, but man was his bio a piece of work 😭 After reading Zayne's, the protagonist turns her head and sits down. We're talking fractions of seconds of screen time for his display lol. But I grabbed every word that I could and the best picture of his face that I could manage.

Oddly enough, his name display just says "Cooper". No title. But throughout his biography, they refer to him as "Dr. Cooper". So I'm referring to him based on his biography name/title. Here's his details:

Cooper

Attending Surgeon

Division of Cardiac Surgery

Expertise:

...surgical treatment of coronary...

...and congenital heart diseases and

...

Biography:

Dr. Cooper attended Changqi Graduate …e School of...

...Medical School in 2020 and received his masters in 2037. From 2037 to 2040, he studied at the School of Medicine at the School of Medicine at National University in the UK and obtained his MD in Cardiac Surgery. Afterward, he engaged in clinical research on the surgical treatment of coronary, valvular, and congenital heart diseases and heart transplantation under the supervision of Professor Zero, also known as the Mother of Heart Valve Surgery and an internationally renowned expert in cardiac Surgery. Having performed over 4,000 cardiac surgical operations, he is one of the most experienced specialists in the field.

In December 2046, Dr. Cooper became an attending surgeon. He successfully performed the country's first implantation of an artificial heart assist device (Evol-based) and Coronary artery bypass graft. He participated in developing a variety of new clinical technologies, such as total arterial revascularization (TAR). In addition, he was awarded the honorary title of Fellow of the National Academy of Surgery.

He has published over 20 academic papers, including 15 SCI papers and 13 co-authored monographs

[becdecorbin]

my mom's dog Pazzo passed away today. She was 12 years old, she'd been suffering with valvular heart disease for some years and back in April got a Cushing's disease diagnosis which mom opted not to treat due to how intense the medication side effects can be, especially for an already old and sickly dog. I guess this morning her little body finally gave out.

I'd known Pazzo since she was a rat-sized little puppy. She was such an affectionate, fun dog to be around, even towards her twilight years. I'll miss her.

rest in peace, Pazzo.

[missusmiller]

Ignore this if you want and thank you for the hard work: Can I have a Scenario or one shot with Neteyam and fem S/O who is human but is sick, they are close friends and S/O always writes poems and songs for him, S/O has a heart disease that's why they are creating an Avatar for her, she loves to sing but she never sang again since she knew her heart and since she stayed on Pandora. But once she gets her Avatar body finally she can run, get rid of chest pains, fatigue, and the fear of dying and finally can sing again.

yayo // n.s x human -> na’vi reader

contains: lots of mentions of dying, heart disease, chronic illness stuff, soul transfer scene, fluff, shitty writing, drinking and being drunk, being in love with eywa cuz shes awesome

notes: this is not proofread at all my bad. also yayo means bird in na’vi cuz reader sings and birds sing so yeah aw so cute.

2.5k words

I remember it like it was yesterday. I was thirteen years old, roughhousing with Neteyam and his younger siblings on the forest floor. We were having endless amounts of childish fun until I collapsed onto the dirt in a fit of breathless wails. Pain filled my chest as my heart eventually stopped beating. Neteyam carried me back in a panic to the lab where I was taken to get medical attention. I was thirteen when they told me I had valvular heart disease. I was thirteen when my life changed forever.

When I was diagnosed five years ago, Norm wasted no time to make sure I got an avatar. That avatar was my escape from the decaying prison I call my body. It felt like forever until he allowed me to drive it and when I did I was still restricted from doing most things. My heartbeat in my avatar body translates through the link so if I went too hard, my human heart would suffer. My avatar just temporarily stopped me from feeling the constant aches and pain.

Everyday my human body was only getting weaker and the topic of my death seemed to come up a lot more often in hushed conversations between the scientists. I could see the pity in everyone’s eyes as I walked around the lab. The pitiful looks towards me put a bitter taste in my mouth.

The only things that kept me from rotting in my bed for days on end were music, my poems, and my loved ones. Neteyam visited on a regular basis, often with his siblings or parents.

On the days that it was just Neteyam, he got the opportunity to see songs and poems I wrote. I’d hum the melody, not having enough courage or energy to sing fully. Those days usually ended with me ripping out his favorite song or poem of the day from my journal and gifting it to him. The loss of paper was worth seeing the thankful smile on his face every time. Throughout the years of our friendship, he never seemed to have a clue that my more romantic writings were about him.

Speaking of Neteyam, his obnoxiously cute accent echoed through my room as he entered and announced himself, “Y/N, your favorite friend has arrived!”

“Yes, you are my favorite friend, Nete. Always will be until my demise pretty soon.” I said with a small, careful laugh. Everything I did these days had to be done with caution.

Although what I said wasn’t meant to be taken in a depressing manner, I didn’t miss the look of pity and sadness that swam in Neteyam’s big yellow eyes.

“Hey man, don’t be like that. It’ll be okay, Nete.” I lied, motioning for him to come over to my bed where I laid. Since he was entirely too big to fit on my bed he settled on the floor next to me. I reached out to pet his hair like I usually do to comfort him but his large hand gently stopped my hand from going any further.

“You are dying yet you still try to comfort me? Think about yourself for once, Y/N. You are the one that needs comfort.” Neteyam lectures me, a stern face meeting my sight. Ironic how he is the one saying this considering his history.

A sigh left my mouth and I rolled onto my back to stare at anything but his intimidating eyes. He wasn’t wrong. I’ve been making sure everyone else was okay with my situation without even making sure that I was okay with my situation.

When I turned back around and looked at him again, it was like I could feel the imaginary concrete dam of numbness break down. What followed was the flooding of all those emotions and throughts that were kept at bay. I have always despised the way that Neteyam could break my walls down so easily.

“You’re right. I’m not ready to die, I’m scared. I’m so fucking scared.” My voice cracked embarrassingly at the word ‘die’ but neither me nor Neteyam cared in the moment.

“You will not die,” He paused for a moment to confirm what he was about to say, “because Eywa can bless you like she did with my father when he was human. I prayed to Eywa for permission and she gave me a sign. My parents approve, Y/N. But only if you wish to do this.”

My eyes widened and I shot up from my bed, tumbling onto the floor which earned me a hiss of concern from my friend. Out of pure excitement and disbelief, I quickly sat up on my knees and grabbed his face to place many fast happy kisses all over it.

Immediately after my loving attack on his face, he had to take a few breaths from his specialized mask. I didn’t pay much attention to it, not knowing his breathlessness had been due to my actions.

“I—I didn’t know you’d be this excited.” He managed to choke out as a purple hue spread throughout his cheeks and ears.

“Nete, you are giving me a way to not only live longer but a way to live with the people I love. I can be with you, Kiri, Lo’ak, and Tuk without any of us having to wear masks. I can sing again. Like truly actually sing again.”

A large grin stretched across Neteyam’s face upon my realization. He’d be lying to himself if he said he didn’t miss my voice. I used to sing him Earthly lullabies and songs in our youth before my heart became weak. Even though we were young, he would always tell me that I was going to be a strong singer much like his mother and Ninat.

The rest of the night we joked, hugged, and messed around. He even sang the same song to me that I used to sing to him as kids. The act alone made my heart felt like it was going to burst but in a good way not like the usual heart attack painful way.

Eclipse soon came and Neteyam had to leave to attend to his duties —future Olo’eyktan stuff and all that. We kept in contact for days after to prepare me for my soul transferring ceremony.

When the day arrived, I was both nervous and excited. There was always a risk that I could be too weak to make it through the eye of Eywa. But if I were to die I’d rather die and be with Eywa than anywhere else.

The scenery was absolutely beautiful. Tons of Na’vi sat in rows, their bonds connected to the ground as they chanted a prayer. The ground lit up with bioluminescent blue lights, the tree a beautiful pinkish purple.

Mo’at stood at the tree, awaiting me.

Neteyam carried my leaf covered body through the aisle and he gave me a calming smile to ease my nerves. Eywa gave him a sign so he had absolutely no worries about this.

He followed Mo’at’s instructions to place me diagonally to where my na’vi body lay. “See you on the other side, yayo.” Neteyam said before stepping off to the side to allow the tsahik to do her thing.

The rest of the process was unknown to me because after Mo’at started chanting, my consciousness began to float up and out of my body. All physical restraints were broken as this spirit form danced freely.

A breathtakingly beautiful woman came into my vision. She looked like nothing I had ever seen before. Her energy made me feel warm, like no harm could ever come to me.

“Oh child, such a pure spirit you are.”

If I had a physical form at the moment I’d cry in her arms. I felt so vulnerable. So much so that I couldn’t talk but she knew what I had to say. She felt so loving, I didn’t want to leave.

“You cannot stay, child. He needs you.”

“He needs you.”

As if on cue, my spirit was sucked from the high place back down to life. I shot up in shocked surprise. Everything was fuzzy and I lost any remembrance of where I was.

A pair of strong arms held my panicked body close to theirs and they stroked my hair until I calmed. The ringing in my ears soon became sharp, clear sounds. Sounds of my name being whispered. Sounds of the rain lightly falling. Sounds of leaves brushing against one another.

“That’s it, that’s it. Come back to me.” A voice that I’ve known to always warm my heart spoke. The result on my heart was as previously stated.

Everything came back to me.

I wasted no time to shout tearful praise for Eywa and the clan started ululating as a response of joy.

Neteyam couldn’t help the tears that left his eyes. I was finally safe. I was finally okay.

“Now we celebrate!” Jake Sully yells like one of his war speeches and the clan roared before they started leaving to regroup somewhere—I assumed.

I felt something behind me swish in excitement. I look and my face lit up. A tail. A really adorable cute tail.

“Get her some clothes and meet us at the party!” Kiri laughed to Neteyam and the Sully family left quickly.

My heart dropped at the realization that I was in fact fully naked, “OH MY GOD IM BOOTYBUTT NAKED!”

Neteyam’s laugh boomed through the forest and the sound only added to the fast paced beating in my chest.

“You are Na’vi now! It does not matter! Come on, I already have an outfit planned for you. You’ll love it.” He took my hand and excitedly dragged me along to wherever he had my clothes. We reached his home which was empty considering the surrounding Na’vi were down celebrating the latest gift from Eywa, my rebirth.

Neteyam took some pieces of fabric from a box and tossed them over to me. I unraveled them and blinked in confusion.

“How do I put these strings on?”

After instruction, trial, and error, I finally got the loincloth and top on.

Looking in the mirror that I gifted Neteyam a few months ago, I inspected this outfit that he had so much confidence that I’d like.

The top was made of colorful woven thread and fabric, almost like crochet, and it splayed on my body like a necklace but tied in the back. It provided enough coverage for me to feel comfortable while also feeling supportive since my body was built a bit differently than normal Na’vi women. The loincloth was a pretty purple color, probably made of the same material as Neytiri’s leggings, and it only covered the front part. But I didn’t mind because when I turned around in the mirror, my ass looked good.

“Your past human vanity will rot your mind.” Neteyam joked as he watched me pose so that I could look at my nice blue ass.

After his little remark I stopped posing and stuck my tongue out at him before stating, “You ain’t gotta be human to recognize sexy. Now let’s go have fun.”

As we ran down branches without a care in the world I finally for once felt truly happy. I did not have to care about my heart failing or me suddenly collapsing on the ground. No, now I was really living. Neteyam noticed the change in my attitude and it sent a flutter to his heart.

When we arrived at the party the energy was electric. Everyone was drinking, eating, and dancing. Laughter filled the air around us. After two hours of fucking around, I was definitely getting slightly drunk.

When a group of Na’vi started singing a song that I recognized Kiri teaching me, I did not hesitate to let my voice out for the first time in years.

Happiness radiated through my body. It was almost like a visible aura surrounding me as I sung.

When the songs were over, Jake stood up and started speaking which silenced the room, “I would like to make a speech about dear Y/N here.”

The smell of alcohol filled my nose when he spoke.

He gripped my shoulder in a very dad-like manner and continued, “I have watched her grow from a young girl to a strong woman with a brave heart. She has been a friend to the Sully family for many years. My children do not know of a life without Y/N. Today, I proudly claim Y/N as a Sully! As a sister to my children.”

I wanted to melt into the floor. Sister? I think I would rather kill myself. I appreciate his enthusiasm and I love the guy but come on man. I had to set things straight immediately.

“Sir! Sir! No, I can’t accept it!” I blurt out, causing flabbergasted looks from the entire Sully family and the rest of the clan.

In a drunken stupor I quickly attempted to explain myself, “I want to be a Sully and want to be a part of this family but not like this. I don’t think I could mentally handle being the sister to the man I love.” During my explanation I held my sight on Neteyam.

His wide eyes softened when he realized what I meant. My name softly left his lips like I would shatter if he said it normally. All I could do was fiddle nervously with my top while waiting for a reaction, any reaction.

“I love you too.” He shamelessly stated before he stole me from his father’s grasp and held me once again to his body. His hands were dug into my hair and waist as if I would fly away. Our tails whipped madly behind us which caused Neytiri to swoon over how in love we looked.

Lo’ak, Kiri, and Tuk who were off to the side eating dessert were now freaking out over the scene unfolding in front of them. Neytiri had to shush the three of them so that the lovely moment wasn’t ruined by their gossiping voices.

To Neytiri’s despair, Jake’s tipsy laugh echoed through the area as he said, “Well, you heard the woman! She’s a future Sully!”

The clan woo’d and chuckled and carried on with partying, the topic of choice of Na’vi girl conversations now being that Neteyam is unfortunately spoken for.

“I didn’t exactly plan on telling you this way or this…publicly.” I said while swaying with my newly acclaimed lover to the music.

Neteyam gazed into my eyes, “I quite enjoyed it, my love. Now everyone knows that you’re mine and I am yours.”

His new nickname gave me goosebumps. The complete bliss I was feeling had to be fake. This all had to be fake.

But when Neteyam took my face in his hands and kissed me so passionately, so lovingly, it brought me back to reality. He was truly mine now.

That night I was given a place amongst the Omaticaya.

A place amongst the Sully���s.

A place with the one I loved where I sang him to sleep with the same lullabies from what seemed like forever ago.

[didanawisgi]

Executive summary

Yesterday, I received the official VA health claims data for the last 20 years from Sonny Fleeman, a signatory of the Declaration of Military Accountability and a member of Feds For Freedom.

In this video, Sonny explains how Veterans can get compensated for their injuries.

In this article, I’ll be releasing the data for the very first time so you can see for yourself whether you think the shots were helpful or harmful.

I’ll also show you conditions that were elevated by 50% or more from 2020 rates and I’ll go into detail on a few of them.

The VA is ignoring all these safety signals and not warning veterans about the possibility the shots could be unsafe. Instead, the VA is blindly trusting the CDC and ignoring their own data. They should be held accountable because by refusing to look at their own data, they are killing people. Too bad nobody in Congress will bring this data to their attention.

The data

Dowload it here (your browser will silently download it to your downloads folder) . The summary data is on the last worksheet (2020 vs. 2024).

What the data said

I compared VA claims in 2020 vs. 2024 but you are welcome to pick other years or averages over a multi-year range.

Over 75% of the claim types were elevated over baseline.

Here is a partial list of the key benefits that come at “no extra charge” with your “safe and effective” COVID vaccine

Elevated by 5X or more from baseline rates:

7009 - Bradycardia (slow heartbeat)

5244 - traumatic paralysis, complete

9312 - Dementia, Alzheimer's type

7520 - Removal of half or more of the penis

9918 - Neoplasm, hard and soft tissue, malignant

6061 - Anatomical loss both eyes

7630 - Malignant neoplasms of the breast

6604 - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

7007 - Hypertensive heart disease

7000 - Valvular heart disease

The following adverse events were elevated by less than 5X over baseline:

7002 - Pericarditis

6260 - Tinnitus

6276 - Complete loss of sense of taste

9901 - Complete loss of lower jaw

9310 - Dementia, unknown etiology

9913 - Loss of teeth

6042 - Retinal dystrophy

7020 - Cardiomyopathy

6354 - Chronic fatigue syndrome

7006 - Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

8004 - Parkinson's disease

7099 - Heart condition - general

7523 - Complete atrophy of the testis

7626 - Surgery of breast

An example

There were never any Bradycardia claims in the VA system before 2022. Zero.

In 2024, there were 134 claims.

I wonder what affected the heart of so many veterans. It would have to be something very powerful that was injected into a large number of veterans. The VA is of course baffled as to what it could be. It’s a medical mystery of course!

Summary

No doubt, the people running the VA know they are harming our veterans by strongly recommending they take the COVID shots. But they don’t care. And they won’t even warn the vets by telling them about all the “fringe benefits” that they get at no extra charge when they take the jabs.

The VA leadership is completely ignoring all the safety signals in their own data and blindly trusting the CDC that the vaccines are perfectly safe. They should be held accountable by Congress.

Maybe someday.

[lanaboodhoo]

An Overview of Conditions Treated by Cardiologists

Cardiology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and the cardiovascular system. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and electrophysiology. A congenital heart defect may occur when the heart or one of its associated blood vessels fails to develop normally before birth. The spectrum of these defects ranges from mild to severe with some children not requiring treatment while others require multiple surgeries to correct. Coronary artery disease is the most common heart disease and accounts for 1 in every 4 deaths globally. It is due to narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood and oxygen, usually due to cholesterol deposits. Heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body. This may to be due to weakness of the heart muscle, or if the heart is unable to fill properly. Conditions such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, inflammation of the heart and abnormalities of the heart valves may cause heart failure. Valvular heart disease may affect one or more of the four valves of the heart, which normally keep blood flowing properly through the heart. Treatment for narrowed or leaking valves may be medical, surgical or catheter based. Electrophysiology focuses on the electrical system of the heart, disturbances of which may result in heart rhythm abnormalities. These may include irregular, slow or rapid heartbeats. Treatment may include drugs, implantable devices or catheter ablation, where tissue causing the problem is destroyed. Symptoms of a heart problem may include chest pain, abnormal shortness of breath, dizziness, blackout, palpitation, cough and swelling of the legs. These should prompt referral to a cardiologist if a cardiac cause is suspected.

[killed-by-choice]

“Bonnie Roe” 29 (USA 1967)

“Bonnie” was 29 and had a heart condition called congenital aortic stenosis. She was suffering from congestive heart failure and happened to be pregnant in the first trimester at the time. She was put through a “therapeutic” first-trimester abortion that she was told was supposed to help keep her alive, but instead of improving her condition, it would exacerbate her cardiac problems and kill her.

Bonnie was given IV Syntococin (oxytocin) for the abortion. This put even more of a strain on her already-struggling heart and she went into ventricular fibrillation. Her uterus became enlarged and she was cyanotic and hypotensive. Doctors struggled to keep her alive and had to perform emergency open-heart surgery and surgical correction of a valvular lesion. Despite all their intensive efforts, she still died.

The autopsy found that in addition to the above health problems, Bonnie’s heart also had an extensive subcardial endofarction that had been there even before she was hospitalized and that had not been diagnosed while she was alive. Abortion does not cure heart disease and Bonnie could not tolerate the strain that it placed on her heart.

It was concluded in the medical journal that published her case that “oxytocin, given intravenously in doses greater than 2 units/min, should be used with extreme care in all pregnant patients with severe heart disease.”

Only a month after Bonnie’s case was published in medical journals, California passed a law essentially legalizing abortion on demand in June of 1967. While it had already been fully legal if intended to save the life of the mother, the new law expanded the definitions of therapeutic use to include vaguely defined mental health and then had no requirements for psychiatric or psychological evaluation. In practice, this meant that absolutely anyone could qualify, which resulted in more women and girls dying like Bonnie did.

Others killed by pre-Roe legal abortions in California include Stella Saenz, 16-year-old Francesca Sardina, Kathryn R. Strong, Twila Coulter, Erica Peterson, Elva Lozada, 17-year-old Cheryl Vosseler, 18-year-old Janet Forster, Cassandra Kay Bleavins, 15-year-old Gwendolyn Drummer, Doris Grant, Sara Lint, Sharon Lee Margrave, 16-year-old Nathalie Meyers, LaSandra Russ, Kathryn Marie Morse, Margaret Davis, Betty Gail Hines and 19-year-old “Mary Roe.” All their abortions were dubbed “therapeutic” whether they were sick or perfectly healthy, and none of them benefited from these abortions.

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Congenital-aortic-stenosis-in-pregnancy.-induced-by-Robinson-Newman/cebfe56ced6bbabf2391c711f5d1a1b0b4e6f2a7

[gsuniversityofficial]

What are the stages of congestive heart failure?

Congestive heart failure, also known as cardiac failure, is a serious condition in which the heart fails to pump blood adequately. We are all aware of the basic functioning of the heart which is to pump blood and oxygen to various parts of the body. This functioning may get hampered at times due to certain heart issues. One such heart issue that we are going to discuss is congestive heart failure.

GS Hospital Pilkhuwa, one of the top heart care hospitals in UP, takes the initiative to bring about awareness for a healthy heart. Awareness of heart health is a must to prevent any kind of cardiac issues and maintain healthy heart function. In this context, we shall discuss the causes, symptoms, and stages of congestive cardiac failure and how to prevent it.

Early detection is key to better recovery for heart health. Knowing about the stages of congestive cardiac failure will help restore heart functioning with a strategic plan and medication management. Let's begin with the basics of congestive heart failure.

What is congestive heart failure?

As the name suggests, congestive cardiac failure is a heart condition in which the heart fails to pump sufficient blood and oxygen to other systems of the body. The word “heart failure” can be quite stressful. However, this does not mean that the heart completely fails to perform its functioning of heartbeats.

In congestive cardiac failure, the heart becomes less contractible due to its limitation and ability to fill with blood. This may cause congestion or chest pain due to a lack of oxygen and blood supply. If neglected, it may cause multisystem organ failure.

Causes of congestive heart failure

The causes of congestive heart failure are as follows-

Genetic

Aging

Stress

High blood pressure or cholesterol

Obesity

Coronary artery disease or blockage

Heart valve disorder

Irregular heartbeat

Abuse of drugs or alcohol

History of smoking

Symptoms of congestive heart failure

The symptoms of congestive heart failure are as follows-

Rapid heartbeat

Weight gain

Excessive sweating

Shortness of breath

Swelling of extremities

Fatigue

Nausea

Lightheadedness

Persistent cough

Stages of congestive heart failure

There are 4 different stages of congestive cardiac failure which include the following-

Stage A

Patients with stage A heart failure may have no major dysfunction of pumping activity of the heart such as coronary artery disease, valvular problems, or blockage of the heart. They may have symptoms such as mild shortness of breath, and swelling of extremities. These patients generally have a strong past medical history of diabetes, high blood pressure, or obesity. There are no major structural and functional changes in the heart at this stage. The symptoms can be corrected with lifestyle changes and medications.

Stage B

Patients with stage B congestive heart failure may develop structural heart disease which reduces the overall functioning of the heart usually within less than 6 months. These patients often complain of enlarged left ventricles. They may have symptoms such as shortness of breath, and swelling of extremities. The diagnostic test mainly reveals structural changes with positive stress tests. Healthy lifestyle modifications such as exercising to lose weight may help in improving the functioning of the heart with medications. These patients may have a strong genetic history of heart failure.

Stage C

Patients at this stage will show symptoms of heart failure with underlying structural heart disease. The symptoms mainly occur due to contraction of the left ventricle while pumping blood. The patient may have breathlessness, fatigue, and tiredness with dyspnea on exertion. These patients are under current treatment for heart failure and may show no symptoms while being under the medications. They are given treatment to prevent heart failure exacerbation.

Stage D

Stage D heart failure is considered the last stage of heart failure. In these patients, there will be advanced structural and functional cases causing symptoms to occur at rest as well. The patients under this stage may require advanced treatment such as circulatory support, surgery, or medications as directed by the physician.

The stages and symptoms of heart failure may range from mild to severe. It may worsen over time if not medically managed. Practicing a healthy lifestyle can help in delaying the progression of the heart issue preventing further damage.

Types of heart failure

There are two types of heart failure which include

●     Left-sided heart failure

Left-sided heart failure is considered a common type of heart failure. The left ventricle is an important chamber that allows the pumping of the heart. This allows blood supply to all parts of the body by maintaining adequate blood volume.

In case of systolic heart failure, the left ventricle capacity to contract deteriorates causing pumping failure. This reduces the capacity of blood and oxygen supply to other parts of the body.

On the other hand, in the case of diastolic heart failure, there is stiffening of the left ventricle which causes the inability of the muscle to relax.

The main symptoms of left-sided heart failure are weight gain, shortness of breath at rest as well as exertion, inability to lie flat on bed at night, awakening at night due to shortness of breath, and left-sided chest pain.

●     Right-sided heart failure

Right-sided heart failure is quite less common. This occurs because of the lack of pumping of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The backflow of the blood into the blood vessels may cause fluid retention and edema of the lower legs and arms. The main symptoms of right-sided heart failure are breathlessness of exertion, wheezing, lightheadedness, dizziness, coughing, edema of the legs, and difficulty concentrating.

Both forms of heart failure may get progressive with time if left untreated. If you are resonating with any of the above-mentioned signs and symptoms, it is recommended to consult your doctor right away.

Treatment of congestive heart failure

The main standard treatment for congestive cardiac failure is to control signs and symptoms and prevent further damage to the heart. The line of treatment for congestive cardiac failure includes a comprehensive treatment plan with the following-

Medications include vasodilators, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, glycosides, anti-coagulant, beta-blockers, and tranquilizers.

The surgical procedure includes bypass surgery of the blocked artery, biventricular pacing therapy, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, VAD (Ventricular assist devices) therapy, or heart transplant which is the last resort.

Lifestyle modifications include avoiding salt for fluid retention and limiting intake of caffeine for irregular heartbeats or tachycardia.

Tips to follow for congestive heart failure

The best lifestyle changes for congestive heart failure are as follows-

Monitor your heart health

Go for regular check-ups with your doctor

Carry out routine tests like exercise stress tests, ECG, EKG, and heart monitor by your doctor

Destress yourself

Maintain healthy weight

Voice up your concerns with your doctor

Stay positive

Follow a healthy diet plan

Exercise as advised by your doctor

Have a good and sound sleep

Quit smoking and alcohol.

Conclusion

GS Hospital, the best heart care center in Delhi NCR has helped many patients worldwide to recover from congestive cardiac failure. With a professional team of cardiologists, GS Hospital is focused on providing quality care to every patient at their best. Right from diagnosis to the best medication treatment, the hospital aims to provide holistic heart health care to patients to regain their confidence with the best cardiac health. This makes them a top heart care hospital in Ghaziabad to opt for all heart issues.

[zisurru-main]

i finally emailed my endo’s office to see if they’ll tell me whether i can mix my meds with mdma without getting valvular heart disease

i suspect the answer is “no, and stop taking drugs” but it’d be nice to know for sure rather than trying to guess based on papers i don’t really understand

[drlweinstein85]

Best Cardiologist Delray Beach

The best cardiologists in Delray Beach have years of experience in diagnosing and treating a wide range of heart-related conditions. Their medical expertise is crucial for identifying and managing conditions like coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and valvular heart disease. They are skilled in using the latest technologies and treatments to provide the most effective care possible.

[snehalblog]

Global Balloon Valvuloplasty Device Market Trends: Innovations Shaping the Future - UnivDatos

In the field of cardiology, professionals are constantly striving for innovative solutions to treat valvular heart diseases. Among the various methods available, balloon valvuloplasty remains one of the most effective and minimally invasive procedures to alleviate valve stenosis. In this blog, we will explore the remarkable advancements in balloon valvuloplasty devices, shedding light on their importance, benefits, and the potential impact on patient outcomes.

Understanding Balloon Valvuloplasty:

Balloon valvuloplasty is a catheter-based procedure used to treat narrowed heart valves, a condition known as valvular stenosis. The technique involves inserting a deflated balloon-tipped catheter into the affected valve through a small incision or an artery in the leg or arm. Once properly positioned, the balloon is inflated momentarily to stretch the narrowed valve, allowing improved blood flow and relieving symptoms.

The Evolution of Balloon Valvuloplasty Devices:

Over the years, advancements in medical technology have significantly enhanced the efficacy and safety of balloon valvuloplasty devices. The following are some notable developments:

1. Improved Balloon Materials: The development of balloons using advanced materials has led to increased durability, flexibility, and better maneuverability of the catheter during the procedure. This advancement promotes ease of use for physicians and promising outcomes for patients.

2. Innovative Designs: Device manufacturers have introduced novel balloon designs to enhance the conformity and apposition of the inflated balloon with the valve. These advanced designs aim to improve valve dilation while minimizing any damage to the surrounding tissues.

3. Multimodality Imaging Guidance: The integration of imaging technologies like fluoroscopy, echocardiography, and 3D visualization has revolutionized balloon valvuloplasty procedures. These imaging tools provide real-time guidance to physicians, ensuring accurate balloon placement and precise monitoring throughout the procedure.

Benefits of Advanced Balloon Valvuloplasty Devices:

Balloon valvuloplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat narrowing or stenosis of a heart valve. The main advantage of a balloon valvuloplasty device is its ability to effectively improve blood flow through a narrowed valve without the need for open-heart surgery.

One significant advantage of a balloon valvuloplasty device is its relatively low risk compared to traditional surgical interventions. This procedure can be performed under local anesthesia, making it less invasive and less traumatic for patients. As a result, the possibility of complications, such as infection or bleeding, is significantly reduced. Additionally, the recovery time for patients undergoing balloon valvuloplasty is generally shorter than that of open-heart surgery, allowing them to resume their normal activities sooner.

Market Trends and Drivers

1. Increasing Prevalence of Heart Valve Diseases: The United States has witnessed a rising prevalence of heart valve diseases, primarily driven by factors such as an aging population, lifestyle changes, and increasing obesity rates. This has created a substantial demand for balloon valvuloplasty devices as a viable treatment option.

2. Growing Adoption of Minimally Invasive Procedures: Balloon valvuloplasty offers a less invasive alternative to open-heart surgeries for treating valve diseases, attracting patients due to reduced risks, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stays. The increasing preference for minimally invasive procedures is driving the adoption of balloon valvuloplasty devices in the United States.

3. Technological Advancements in Balloon Valvuloplasty Devices: With advancements in medical technology, manufacturers are developing innovative balloon valvuloplasty devices to enhance procedural efficacy and patient outcomes. Integration of cutting-edge technologies such as 3D imaging, real-time monitoring, and improved balloon materials have contributed significantly to the growth of the market.

4. Rising Focus on Catheter-Based Procedures: There is a growing emphasis on catheter-based procedures due to their relatively lower risks and quicker recovery times. As balloon valvuloplasty falls under this category, its demand is expected to witness a steady surge over the coming years.

Key Players and Initiatives

US balloon valvuloplasty devices market is highly competitive, with several key players operating in the region. Some prominent participants in the market include Edwards Lifesciences Corporation, Medtronic, Inc., Boston Scientific Corporation, and Abbott Laboratories. These companies are investing in research and development activities to introduce innovative balloon valvuloplasty devices that offer improved procedural success rates and patient satisfaction.

Government initiatives and collaborations between healthcare organizations and medical device manufacturers have also played a pivotal role in market growth. Efforts to enhance reimbursement policies for minimally invasive procedures and increased funding for research and development have further propelled the adoption of balloon valvuloplasty devices.

Conclusion

The US balloon valvuloplasty devices market continues to expand with the increasing prevalence of heart valve diseases and the growing adoption of minimally invasive procedures. Technological advancements, such as improved imaging capabilities and enhanced balloon materials, have contributed to the development of highly efficient devices that result in better patient outcomes. Despite the challenges posed by cost and availability of alternative treatments, the market is expected to witness continuous growth in the coming years, driven by innovation and increased awareness among patients and healthcare professionals. According to the UnivDatos Market Insights analysis, the surge in the incidences of cardiovascular diseases will drive the scenario of the balloon valvuloplasty devices and as per their “Global Balloon Valvuloplasty Devices Market” report, the industry was valued at USD 2215.18 Million in 2022, growing at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period from 2023 - 2030.

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Heart Care: Finding the Best Doctor in Tohana for Your Cardiac Health

When it comes to maintaining a healthy heart, seeking the expertise of the best doctor in Tohana is crucial. Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death globally, and timely intervention from a skilled cardiologist can make all the difference. Whether you're dealing with high blood pressure, chest pain, or other heart-related symptoms, the right doctor can provide you with the necessary diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care to protect your heart health.

Why You Need the Best Doctor in Tohana for Heart Care

The best doctor in Tohana will not only have a deep understanding of cardiovascular diseases but also offer personalized care tailored to your specific needs. Tohana has several experienced cardiologists who are trained in diagnosing and treating a wide range of heart conditions, including:

Coronary artery disease

Heart failure

Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)

High blood pressure (hypertension)

High cholesterol

Valvular heart disease

These doctors use the latest diagnostic tools, such as echocardiograms, stress tests, and blood tests, to accurately assess your heart health. They then create customized treatment plans to address your unique condition, whether that includes medication, lifestyle changes, or more advanced interventions.

What to Expect from the Best Doctor in Tohana

When visiting the best doctor in Tohana for heart care, you can expect a comprehensive approach that covers both prevention and treatment. Some of the key areas they will focus on include:

Diagnosis and Early Detection: Early diagnosis of heart disease can prevent more severe complications. The best doctors in Tohana use advanced technology to identify risk factors and symptoms at an early stage.

Preventive Care: Many heart conditions can be prevented or managed through lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management techniques. Your doctor will guide you in making these changes to improve your overall heart health.

Medication and Treatment: For those already diagnosed with heart conditions, the best doctors will prescribe medications or recommend other treatments to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, or other cardiovascular events.

Surgical Interventions: In some cases, surgical procedures may be necessary, such as bypass surgery or valve repair. The best doctors in Tohana will discuss your options and guide you through the decision-making process.

Choosing the Best Doctor in Tohana for Heart Health

To find the best doctor in Tohana for heart care, consider their qualifications, experience, and reputation in the community. Look for a cardiologist who is not only knowledgeable but also compassionate and attentive to your concerns. A good heart doctor will take the time to listen to your symptoms, answer your questions, and create a treatment plan that fits your lifestyle.

Additionally, check reviews or ask for recommendations from friends, family, or other healthcare professionals. Word-of-mouth referrals can be a valuable resource in finding the right cardiologist.

Conclusion

Your heart health is too important to leave in the hands of just any doctor. By choosing the best doctor in Tohana for heart care, you are ensuring that you receive the most effective, personalized treatment available. Whether you're looking to prevent heart disease or manage an existing condition, the right heart specialist in Tohana can make a lasting difference in your quality of life. Don't wait until symptoms worsen—take control of your heart health today by consulting with the best doctors in Tohana.