#vaccine registration india number

[omcmedicalblog]

India Medical Device Registration - OMC Medical Limited

Regulatory Authority

Central Drugs Standard Control Organization

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) of India, responsible for regulating drugs and cosmetics under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 and rules 1945.

It aims to ensure patient safety, rights, and well-being by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of medical products manufactured, imported, and distributed in the country. CDSCO is responsible for drug approval, clinical trials, setting standards, controlling imported drug quality, and coordinating activities of State Drug Control Organizations.

It also grants licenses for specialized categories of critical drugs such as blood and blood products, I.V. fluids, vaccines, and sera, in collaboration with state regulators. The CDSCO strives for transparency, accountability, and uniformity in its services to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of medical products in India.

Link for Regulatory Authority

Local Regulation

Medical Device Act, 2017

Classification of Medical Devices

Class A, B, C and D

Listing or Registration Requirements

A voluntary registration pathway is available to medical devices from April 1, 2020, to October 1, 2021. Medical devices submitted under the new voluntary rules are referred to as “Non-Regulatory Medical Devices.” The registration process will generate a file number the same day which the importer must mention on the label of the medical device prior to placing the devices on the market.

After this voluntary period, all classes of products will need to either have an Import License or register through CDSCO’s online portal.

Class A and B non-Notified medical devices will have 12 months (i.e., by October 1, 2022) to obtain an Import License. Class C and D devices will have 24 months (i.e., by October 1, 2023) to meet the same requirement.

Registration for non-notified medical devices has become mandatory since October 2021.

Starting October 2022, class A & B non-notified devices will become notified devices and hence will require full product registration.

Starting October 2023, class C & D non-notified devices will become notified devices and hence will require full product registration

Documents Required for India Medical Device Registration

Form 40

TR6 Challan

Power of Attorney

Schedule D(I)

ISO 13485 Certificate

Full Quality Assurance Certificate

CE Design Certificate

Declaration of Certificate

Free Sale Certificate

Certificate of Marketability from GHTF countries

Regulatory Approvals

PMS Report

Plant Master File

Device Master File

Registration Timeline

6 to 9 Months

Registration Fee

Fee Details CDSCO

Application fees (online)

Class A: INR 500 (one site); INR 50 (each distinct device)

Class B: INR 1,000 (one site); INR 500 (each device)

Class C and D: INR 5,000 (one site); INR 1,000 (each device)

Application fees (hard copy)

Class A: INR 2,000 (one site); INR 500 (each device)

Class B: INR 5,000 (one site); INR 2,000 (each device)

Class C and D: INR 10,000 (one site); INR 5,000 (each device)

License Validity

Registration certificate (valid for 3 years): Generally, it’s recommended to apply for renewal 6 months before expiry. This ensures enough time for processing and avoids potential interruptions in business operations.

Import license (valid for 5 years): You need to submit the renewal application within 3 months of the expiry date.

Special Labelling Requirements

All the documents must be submitted in English

Additional Comments

Registration for non-notified medical devices has become mandatory since October 2021.

Starting October 2022, class A & B non-notified devices will become notified devices and hence will require full product registration.

Starting October 2023, class C & D non-notified devices will become notified devices and hence will require full product registration

Who should make this Communication?

Manufacturer

Authorized Representative

When to make this Communication?

Before placing a medical device into the market.

Market Access Requirements

Commencing October 1, 2023, the acquisition of an MD-14/15 Import License becomes obligatory for all Class A (Measuring and Sterile), B, C, and D medical devices intended for importation. The MD-14 application procedure mandates the submission of a comprehensive Device Master File (DMF) specific to each product, along with a Plant Master File (PMF) providing details about the manufacturing facility. 

Upon a meticulous approval process, an MD-15 Import License will be issued to a local license holder for the manufacturing site, covering a comprehensive list of all approved medical devices.

As outlined in the Circular (PDF) released on October 12, 2023, it has been specified that non-Notified Class C and D medical devices enlisted in the mandatory registration program, and concurrently undergoing a pending MD-14 application, are granted permission to continue their importation activities for a period of six (6) months.

How OMC Medical can assist you with the Process?

Act as your Authorized representative

Why Choose Us?

Working towards client satisfaction

Cost effective solutions

Project completion before deadline

Quality Regulatory affairs solutions

Contact us for free consultation: info@omcmedical.co.uk

Get more detailed information here: https://omcmedical.com/india-medical-device-registration/

[sudheervanguri]

Job Opportunity at Tata Memorial Centre - Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Advanced Training Course for Technologists in Flow Cytometry ACTREC, a Grant-in-aid Institute of the Dept. of Atomic Energy, Government of India, is conducting a prestigious Advanced Training Course for Technologists in Flow Cytometry. This comprehensive program, commencing from 01.08.2024, offers a unique opportunity for candidates to enhance their skills in flow cytometry studies. Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) announces an Advanced Training course for Technologists in Flow Cytometry. This training program will be focused on flow cytometry studies. This is comprehensive training program that includes complete processing to primary analysis of clinical samples, flow cytometry instruments handling (from setup to quality control), experiment designing and data analysis. The proposed course will cover theoretical, technical and practical aspects. Selected candidates will be assigned to any one of the above subsections of laboratory procedures as per requirement and In house examinations will be held periodically and certificates will be awarded to successful candidates on completion of the course in the specialty area. Course Details: Duration: 6 months (Training + Mandatory Internship) Qualifications: M.Sc. / M. Tech in Microbiology, Zoology, Bio-technology, or equivalent. Age limit: Up to 35 years as on 01.08.2024. Course Details: Duration: Six months (Training + Mandatory Internship). Number of Seats: 3 (Three). Course Fees: Non-Sponsored Candidates: Nil Sponsored National Candidates: Rs. 12,000/- International Candidates: Rs. 21,000/- Stipend: Non-Sponsored M.Sc. candidates will receive a stipend of Rs.10,000/- per month for six months. Seats Available: 3 (Three) Stipend: Rs. 10,000/- per month for Non-Sponsored M.Sc. candidates Security Deposit: Rs. 5,000/- (refundable) Service Bond: Required for Non-Sponsored M.Sc. candidates Accommodation: Not provided for outstation candidates [caption id="attachment_82551" align="aligncenter" width="1200"] Cytometry Research Training & Internship Opportunity at Tata Memorial Centre[/caption] Important Notes: Hepatitis B Vaccination: Mandatory Application Process: Walk-in interview on 5th July 2024 at ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai Required Documents: Recent CV, passport size photograph, original and Xerox copies of educational certificates, work experience, MNC registration, and Aadhar Card as ID proof Reporting Time: 10.00 to 10.30 am Terms & Conditions: Trainees must not apply for any other course or scholarship during the training period without permission. Refund policies apply for early departure from the course or below-standard performance. Candidates in service must submit their application through their Institution Head with a NOC. Selection based on interview performance; a written examination may be conducted if more than 30 candidates apply. This Advanced Training Course is a gateway to a rewarding career in Flow Cytometry at one of India's leading cancer research and treatment centers. Don't miss this opportunity to advance your skills and contribute to cutting-edge research in cancer treatment. For more information, contact the Officer-In-charge, Academic Cell for Clinical Services at TMC-ACTREC. Visit www.actrec.gov.in for updates and details. Cytometry Research Training & Internship Opportunity at Tata Memorial Centre Check here

[nursingscience]

GNM Third year

Community health Nursing II

Short questions

1. The number of females per 1000 males is called

➡ Sex Ratio

2. An outbreak of disease in a community in excess of normal expectation

➡ Epidemic

3. Anti-malaria month campaign is observed every year in

➡ June

4. The Indian Red Cross Society was established in the year

➡ 1920

5. Under the ICDS scheme, an Anganwadi worker covers a population of

➡ 1000

6. BCG vaccination is administered to protect against

➡ Tuberculosis

7. The administrative head of the district is a

➡ District Collector

8. Scientific study of human population is

➡ Demography

9. One tribal sub centre covers a population of

➡ 5,000

10. Mid-day meal programme was established in the year of

➡ 1995

11. United nations international children's emergency fund (UNICEF) headquarters is

➡ Geneva

12. Oral pills contains small amount of:

➡Estrogens and progestrones

13. The registration of deaths are done within:

➡ 21 Days

14. MTP act came into force in:

➡ 1971

15. BCG vaccine is given through __________site.

➡ Intradermal

16. ___________is commonly used for taking weight of children under 1 year of age.

➡ Salter spring hanging scale

17. World AIDS Day is celebrated on__________

➡ 1st December

18. The theme of world health day in 2017 was

➡ Depression

19. A female health worker is expected to cover a population of

➡ 5000

20. National TB control programme was launched in the year

➡ 1997

21. ___________is celebrated on May 12th.

➡ International Nurses Day

22. The World Aids Day is celebrated on

➡ 1ST DEC

23. PHC in hilly and tribal area covers the population of

➡ 3000

24. Dengue fever is caused by the bite of

➡ AEDES MOSQUITO

25. Montaux test is to diagnoses

➡ TUBERCULOSIS

26. The Indian Red Cross Society was established in the year

➡ 1920

27. Under the ICDS scheme, an Anganwadi worker covers a population of

➡ 1000

28. BCG vaccination is administered to protect against

➡ Tuberculosis

29. The administrative head of the district is a

➡ District Collector

30. World tuberculosis day is on

➡ March-24.

31. National health policy was launched in the year

➡ 1983.

32. Nursing process is also known as

➡ Systematic Scientific approach.

33. __________is the scientific study of human population.

➡ Demography

34. Time required measuring the Mantoux test

➡ 48-72 hours

35. According to ICDS scheme there is an Anganwadi worker for a population of

➡ 1000.

36. Community health is also called

➡ Public health.

37. Group on medical education and support man power knows as

➡ Shrivastav Committee

38. Planning prosperity together is the motto of

➡ Preventive, curative and promotive care.

39. The fetal point for delivery of ICDS is on

➡ 1975.

40. A block contains about

➡ 100 villages.

42. Farmer's lung is due to the inhalation of

➡Mouldy Hay or Grain Dust.

43. The 12th five year plan covers the period from

➡ 2012-2017.

44. The indicator of the prevalence of contraceptive practice in the community is

➡ Women empowerment.

45. The term Siddha implies

➡ Knowledge of life.

46. Anti-leprosy day is celebrated on

➡ January-30th.

47. In India the last census was done in the year

➡ 2011.

48. Number of deaths under 1 year of age per 1000 live birth in a year is termed as

➡ Infant mortality rate.

49. The kingpin for health care delivery at the subcenter level is

➡ Panchayat Raj.

50. The number of live births divided by the mid-year population and multiplied by 1000 is known as

➡ Early Neonatal Rate.

51. National AIDS Control Program was launched in the year

➡ 1987

52. The pioneer of immunization is

➡ Edward Jenner.

53. The most important recommendations of placing health in people's hands was by the

➡ Srivastava Committee

54. The financial and technical assistance for development of poor countries is provided by

➡ UNESCO

55. Three-tier structure of local self government in India is known as

➡ Panchayat Raj

56. The administrative head of a district is

➡ District Collector

57. The cold chain system, all vaccines can be stored for few months at

➡ 0.4°C.

58. Objective of Tuberculosis Control Program is to achieve 85% cure rate through

➡ DOTS

59. The first step in controlling a communicable disease is

➡ Vaccination

60. In India, the last census was done in the year

➡2011.

[ditttiii]

help india fight covid-19

India on saturday (May 1) reported a massive surge of 401,993 cases, according to MoHFW. With this, India became the first country in the world to register over 400,000 infections in a single day. As many as 3,498 new deaths were also reported on the day.

The cumulative caseload stands at 19,164,969 and the death toll from the virus has reached 211,835. India now has nearly 3.3 million active cases. India has reported 2,497,675 number of fresh cases in mere seven days.

these figures speak for themselves, my country is bleeding and burning in a very literal sense. as someone who is a local and had her entire family get infected with my father ending up in the hospital, i can confidently say these totals aren’t even close to what the reality is. people who die outside of hospitals are often not counted as covid causalities, many are too afraid to get tested and end up going undiagnosed, our government is hiding numbers (has been ever since the very start of the pandemic but we can no longer afford it) funeral homes have lines stretching for longer than hospitals do and it is heartbreaking. 

vaccines are being smuggled and sold on the black-market, people are attacking (physically too) the healthcare system (doctors, nurses) because they don’t know who to blame for the enormous loses they are facing. the CEO of Serum Institute, the company that has been producing the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine was forced to flee to London because he is being threatened by our politicians and their goons to provide vaccines. (serum institute not only manufactures vaccines for India but for 25-30 other countries as well) India is very much the world’s largest vaccine maker and we are struggling. If our system collapses the casualties will be more than just us. if you can’t donate, sign petitions, reblog, take a screenshot of this post or any other news article you trust to speak the truth and help spread the word. our government needs to be pressured. 

donation, petition and resource links have been added below the read more cut. please if you can, i am begging you to help out 🙏 

Donation Links. (payments accepted are marked as: international {I} , domestic {D} and verified or not.) 

https://www.ketto.org/fundraiser/mission-oxygen-helping-hospitals-to-save-lives?utm_campaign=mission-oxygen-helping-hospitals-to-save-lives&utm_medium=email&utm_source=external_ac&utm_term=2&https:%2F%2Fwww.ketto.org%2Ffundraiser%2Fmission-oxygen-helping-hospitals-to-save-lives=  (a verified 100% non-for-profit and charitable initiative. please consider donating for oxygen as we are facing a severe lack of oxygen tanks right now) {I} {D}

https://donate.indiacovidresources.in/  (a list of verified organizations that you can donate to) {I} {D} 

https://fundraisers.giveindia.org/fundraisers/togetherforindia-stop-the-spread-help-india-fight-covid-19 (verified) {I} {D} 

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eiobgyrl8iz-R1Dz7c4R5pzzzkuZLBj99vaC7T_UeVo/mobilebasic?urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628#h.fbrwe5e0b7ih (a goggle doc of various fundraisers run by volunteers. while every effort has been made to keep it genuine it is not entirely verified) {I} {D}

https://hemkuntfoundation.com/donate-now/ (verfied) {I} {D}

https://pages.razorpay.com/zfi-oxygen-intl (fundraiser for oxygen. verified) {I}

https://pages.razorpay.com/zfi-oxygen (fundraiser for oxygen. verified) {D}

Plasma Donation & Resource Links. 

https://covidfightclub.org/ (resources) {D}

https://dhoondh.com/ (plasma donation. registration for both donors & patients available) {D}

https://plasmadonor.in/ (plasma donation. registration for both donors & patients available) {D}

Petition Links.

Support the proposal to suspend patents for COVID-19 vaccines. (UK) (at the time of posting only at 3.5k out of 10k. please sign.)

For citizens of EU; proposal to suspend patents for COVID-19 vaccines. (EU) (at the time of posting only at 173k out of 1 million. please sign.)

Disallow all Public Gatherings including Religious Events, Political Rallies to curb COVID  (our prime minister is conducting election fucking rallies right now. yes you read that right.) (time sensitive)

PM CARES- Make It Transparent (millions were donated to the prime ministers care fund yet no clear evidence has been given as to where they were spent.) 

Share COVID-19 Vaccines to End the Pandemic Everywhere

call your representatives, let them know you care about not just india but brazil and every other country that is struggling to deal with this pandemic. every little bit helps. 

thankyou. stray safe <3

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Indian lab files for clearance in Brazil of covid-19 vax

Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) has announced it had received this week the request for registration of a COVID-19 vaccine that uses recombinant protein technology.

The application has been submitted by Zalika Farmacêutica Ltda., the local representatives in Brazil of India's Serum Institute, the developers of the Covovax drug, which is intended for people over 18 years of age.

��The protocol was received on Wednesday (April 27) and is already being evaluated by the technical areas involved. The deadline for the Agency's analysis is 60 days,” Anvisa said Friday in a statement.

According to Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FioCruz) sources quoted by Agencia Brasil, recombinant vaccines use the technology of a non-replicating viral vector of chimpanzee adenovirus. The genome is genetically manipulated so that it can no longer replicate and then they insert the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein gene. Once obtained, the adenoviruses are amplified in large numbers using modified cells to allow amplification of the adenovirus and production of the vaccine in disposable bioreactors. These adenoviruses are purified, concentrated, and stabilized to make up the final vaccine. The vaccine goes through rigorous quality control before being sent to health clinics.

Continue reading.

[somerabbitholes]

Hey congrats on getting a vaccine shot soon!!! Can you tell us about the procedures of vaccine allotment in your country? I'm just curious because I know covid's very bad in India right now. Thank you! (Sidenote: you have the best teacups/mugs!!!!)

hi! thank you! covid is slowly getting better, but it's still more numbers than our last peak, so it's still tense. i just came home from the hospital; i thought it would be a better idea to answer this from the other side of the shot. 

the vaccine is available at government centres ー hospitals, healthcare centres, schools that have been converted into vaccination centres, and private ones ー which is hospitals. the former is paid for by the state. i went to a private centre because i can afford to pay and i’d rather not burden the state machinery when i can afford the other options. it was pretty smooth, and my arm hurts a little but i have no other side effects. 

so how it works is that you register on either of these three government portals, which ensures that you’re in the system. once you’re in, you again use the portal to schedule an appointment at a centre near you. you can search for centres through your postal code, or just look at the list for your district. there are a bunch of filters that let you choose the vaccine you want ー we have two vaccines on a large scale, sputnik is still only limited to very few providers ー and whether you want a free one or a paid one. if you don’t have access to or you can’t register yourself on the portal, you can go to the government vaccination centre and they’ll register you on the spot and give you an appointment. some private hospitals also allow walk-in registrations within specific times. 

when vaccinations started for all adults, which was a month or two after it did for older people, registering yourself and getting an appointment online was mandatory for everyone needing their first dose, because the government wanted to avoid crowding at the centres. that raised problems, obviously, because not everyone has access to the internet to be able to book a slot, and also because a couple of states reported shortages during the time. that’s a whole other thing in the vaccine policy and i have Several Thoughts on that, which i’d love to talk about, but that’s for a different time. but since june started, walk-ins are allowed for everyone at public healthcare centres. 

a bunch of districts are also working on door-to-door vaccinations; there are drive-thru centres, and also as the supply increases ー which should happen this month or by the next as imports come in as well ー housing complexes and offices are going to be allowed to vaccinate their residents/employees. 

i hope that answers your question!

[creaturecompanion07]

Dog License In India

The Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation passed a proposal to regulate pet ownership in its municipal area on September 13, 2019. An expert committee has been formed to devise pet registration rules and decide the fine amount for people allowing their dog to poop in public spaces. The committee had first suggested `5000 as fees for the registration of pet dogs, which was later brought down to ₹`1000 after the civic body received several complaints by pet owners requesting a reduction in the steep amount.

The committee will first study pet registration charges and laws in different states of the country before starting with the task of formation of by-laws and other modalities for this planned move. The municipal board will also levy fines on pet owners found with unregistered pets. Moreover, the board has decided to penalise pet owners ₹500 every time their dog is found defecating in open areas. Dinesh Chandra Singh, Municipal Commissioner, said that the residents of Ghaziabad will be informed about the rules soon. dog license online india

 Creature Companion asked readers and followers to share their views on the issue of dog licensing and registration on our social media handles. Many pet parents came forward to share their thoughts on this vital topic.

Ketan Panchal, Founder K9 Academy shares, “Pet registration is a good idea. It would give your pet an identity and at the same time the pet parent will get more responsibility. As a dog father and a good civilian, you must keep your house and city clean. You must clean after your dog. I always carry potty bags when I take my dog out. I also train many dogs in Ahmedabad. I request everyone to clean after their pets. Society will accept you and your pet with love if you keep the area clean.”

Bhanu Maheshwari, pet parent to male Labrador Jojo, opines, “Having your dog registered with a kennel is one of the first things that should be done. Also, if you have a dog in a complex where other apartment owners consider you and your dog to be a nuisance, having your dog registered acts as an additional support. Moreover, no one likes to step in pet waste and spread it into homes. Even if there is no restriction, cleaning up after your pet is always the right thing to do. It’s the law!”

The funds from registration fees are used to support many noble causes across the globe such as animal shelters, investigations regarding cruelty to animals and emergency animal rescues during natural disasters. Not only this, pet licensing offers numerous benefits such as increasing vaccinations, reunion with lost pets and helps governments to maintain a registry of the pets in their area. Pet registration also helps to reduce the number of incidents pertaining to the defecation by pets in public areas and dog-bites in cities.

Creature Companion strongly supports the concept of responsible pet ownership and recommends that everyone owning a pet in India get their pets registered with their local civic bodies to ensure their safety and support the development of companion animal facilities across the nation.

PET REGISTRATION REGULATIONS INDIFFERENT INDIAN STATES

Today all major metropolitan cities of the country have some laws regarding lincensing of pets. Let’s take a look.

Delhi/NCR- According to Section 399 of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, every dog owner should register his/her pet. The canine registration requirements include annual registration charges of `500 along with the dog’s vaccination proof, its picture and an identity proof stating its address and breed information.

Gurgaon- The Municipal Corporation of Gurugram (MCG) has a provision for pet registration, however it is not mandatory. Pet owners can register their dogs and cats by paying a fixed annual charge of `500 and providing requisite medical and neutering certificates.

Noida- Noida is yet to come up with any laws regarding pet registration.

Lucknow- Pet owners have to shell out yearly charges of `500, `300 and `200 for registration of big (Doberman, Labrador, German Shepherd); small (Shih Tzu, Pomeranian, Spitz) and local indie (Indian Pariah) dog breeds respectively. Failing to get your dog registered will lead to a heavy penalty of `5000.

Mumbai- Under Section 14, rule number 22(a) sub-clause 386 of Maharashtra Municipal Provincial Act, every pet owner must obtain a dog license for his/her pet canine. The pet parent needs to submit a valid address proof; a passport size picture of the dog; latest vaccination card with owner’s full name, address, contact number, and name of the vet along with the issuing clinic; and fees of `75 for new registration and `50 as renewal charges.

Bengaluru- Bruhat Bengaluru MahanagaraPalike (BBMP) had issued pet licensing by-laws in 2018, according to which pet dogs had been capped at one per apartment and three per independent house in the metropolitan city. The municipal body had further issued a list of 64 approved breeds for apartments. To get their pets registered, pet owners needed to provide BBMP with updated vaccination records of their pets along with the pet’s details like name, age, breed; and their name and contact details. The license fee was `110 for the initial year. However, the bylaws were withdrawn by the municipal authority after several complaints were received from residents regarding their unsuitability.

Guwahati- Registration of pet dogs over three months of age is mandatory under the GMC Act, failing which erring pet parents are punishable under law. The responsibility for registration falls on the NGO/society, which is allowed to collect `100 as registration fees and `10 as application fees per dog from owners. The NGO/society is then to collect the Metal Tag from GMC Veterinary branch after payment of `60 per dog and get the signed registration certificate from the GMC Veterinary Officer after submitting photograph of pet owner with dog along with duly filled in form A and B of Levy of Tax on Dogs kept within the city of Guwahati Byelaws, 1975.

Pune- Pune Municipal Corporation accepts advanced registration charges of INR 500 for a period of ten years (`50 per year). Owners need to submit three passport size photographs of the pet along with its anti-rabies certificate and owner’s address proof. However, the pet needs to be re-registered at the municipal body’s ward office each year.

Indore – According to registration procedures laid down by the Indore Municipal Corporation, pet owners just need to visit the nearest government veterinary clinic along with their pet and its latest vaccination records and submit a nominal annual amount of `100 to procure a pet license.

Chennai– The health department of Greater Chennai Corporation issues the mandatory dog license to pet parents after collecting a registration fee of `50. The registration comes along with free immunisation for canines at corporation-run pet clinics across the city. Pet parents need to supply the pet’s details including name, colour, breed and age with their full name and contact details. GCC is also planning to take the registration procedure online and considering to revise the annual license charges.

Chandigarh– The Chandigarh Municipal Corporation (CMC) has issued Chandigarh Registration of Pet Dog Bylaws, 2010 under which it is mandatory for pet owners to register their pets exceeding the age of four months with the civic body. Not more than 2 dogs per family are allowed. Blind persons are exempted from the licensing amount and the registration will remain valid till the pet is alive.

The registration procedure involves submission of a duly filled-in application form, an undertaking by the dog owner agreeing to adhere to the bylaws, a nominal registration charge of `200 per dog, a vaccination certificate from a registered veterinary practitioner, and two passport size photographs of the pet. After the licensing procedure is complete, a metal badge is issued which the dog has to wear on its collar for verification. Defaulters are penalised with a fine of `500 per dog and/or face impounding of their dogs by the civic authority. The municipal body had proposed amendments to the bylaws in 2018 which included increasing the registration amount to `1000 for pedigree dogs, number of dogs owned per family to 4 (if 2 of them are adopted strays) and subsidised registration fee of `1 for adopted street dogs.

PET LICENSE LAWS ACROSS THE GLOBE

Toronto, Canada- Toronto Municipal Code Chapter 349 makes it mandatory for pet parents to get individual licenses for all dogs and cats owned by them. The pets can be registered online, in person, by phone or mail by filling a simple Pet Registration Application along with the owner’s credit card and the name and contact details of the pets’ vet. ID tags are included as part of the annual license fees, which is $60 for dogs and $50 for cats.

The registration fee is significantly reduced if the animal has been spayed or neutered, and in case the owner is a senior citizen. The pet parent needs to submit proof of the pet’s sterilisation and/or their age to avail these discounts. The registration amount is utilised by the Toronto Animal Services towards shelter and care for homeless animals. Getting a pet license also makes sure that the dog or cat is safely returned to the owner in case of it getting lost by identification through license tags and microchips.

Germany- Most European countries abolished the practice of Dog Tax in the 20th Century, however, the German authorities stubbornly refuse to scrape off this law. Pet parents in Germany are, therefore, required to pay the mandatory Dog Tax (Hundesteuer) according to the number of canines they own. Service dogs are exempt from the Hundesteuer and so are rescue dogs in their first year of adoption.

The registration amount for the first dog in Berlin is 120 EUR per year while registration of each additional dog in the same family costs 180 EUR annually. Re-registration is required every time the owner moves to a new residence. Each state has its own pet registration requirements and fees. Pet owners also need to pick up after their dog and follow the local leash laws.

There is no taxation for cat ownership in the country. However, both dogs and cats need to be licensed. The dog tax and registration fees are utilised towards creation of dog-related services such as dog waste bins. In addition, many states have a mandatory procedure for personal liability insurance which covers all kinds of unexpected damages caused by pet dog(s).

New Zealand- The country has formulated regulations for canine licensing and registration under the Dog Control Act 1996. All dogs over 3 months of age need to be registered with their city or district council. The licensed dogs are required to wear a tag indicating the council, registration number and registration expiry date. Registration charges vary according to council, neuter status, urban/rural accommodation, dangerous/menacing nature and other factors. Registration fees are lower for working dogs while disabled canines are exempted from these costs.

[cyberqueenluminary]

covid 19 in kerala

The 1st case of the COVID19  in Kerala was first confirmed in Thrissur on 30th January 2020. As of there have been 10to 20 confirmed cases per day Initially Kerala's success in containing ofCOVID-19 praised both nationally and internationally.

On 15,February uly the large number of local  group  cases were identified at Kumarichantha fish market Thiruvananthapuram. And a high number of new cases have been reported in Malappuram, Kozhikode, Ernakulam and Thrissur districts.

COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization

Nowadays the government of India started to provide vaccination as free for the public. Citizens are required to take two slot doses of vaccine as per the duration of 84 days the government provides a separate registration website.    

 Many  people in the world have been affected  with the COVID-19.The virus has experienced mild to moderate respiratory disease and recovered without requiring best treatment.   The corona is mainly affected to older peoples and the peoples how suffer with other disease like cancer,heart attack etc..,

The best way to prevent it is to wear a mask so as not to spread the disease to others. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands, using sanitizer frequently and not touching your face. 

The COVID-19 virus spreads  through droplets of saliva and discharges from the nose.  use  your elbow while coughing and sneezing . so that it would affect others.

[blallab]

How to Get Vaccinated : Covid-19 Vaccine Registration Process on CoWIN Portal

The First COVID-19 vaccine was given to the healthcare and frontline workers which was launched on 16th January, 2021. After the first phase, Senior citizens over 60 years of age and individuals above 45 years with comorbid conditions were the second group who received COVID-19 vaccine. Recently on 1st May 2021, The third phase of the COVID-19 vaccination 18-44 year-olds has started.

The government of India has opened the next phase of coronavirus vaccination. Now all the citizens above the age of 18 can get vaccinated. Registering yourself for COVID-19 vaccine, You can go to the government’s CoWin platform –  cowin.gov.in. After the deadly second wave of coronavirus, the Centre had said that all Indian adults are eligible to receive the Covid-19 vaccine. Now it is mandatory for the 18-44 age group to register themselves on the CoWIN portal as per the guidelines given by the government.

Covid-19 Vaccine Registration Process

To get a vaccine people of 18-44 first have to register themselves online on the CoWin platform . However, people above 45 years of age can choose to either register online or directly walk-in to the CVC but to avoid any inconvenience and have a hassle-free experience it is suggested to book an appointment online.

Log on to www.cowin.gov.in / CoWin App

Enter your mobile number.

Get an OTP to create your account.

Enter OTP and Verify it.

Once the OTP is verified, you will be directed to the registration of the vaccination’ page.

You can choose one photo id proof which you want to provide in the next process.

Fill in the given information like your name, age, gender and upload one identity document.

Click on the “Register” button.

After completing the registration, the system will show the “Account Details”.

In the Account details there is a “Add More Button”, you can add three more people for vaccination.

There will be a button indicating ‘Schedule appointment’. Now click on it.

After clicking Schedule appointment, you can check your vaccination center by state, district and pin code to check available slots for vaccination.

Date and availability will also be displayed.

Click on the ‘book’ button.

After successfully completing the booking, you will receive a message. That confirmation details will have to be shown while you reach the vaccination center.

What documents will you need?

At the time of registration any of the below-mentioned ID with photo may be produced:

Aadhaar Card

Driving License

Official identity cards issued to MPs/MLAs/MLCs

PAN Card

Passbooks issued by Bank/Post Office

Passport

Pension Document

Service Identity

Conclusion

Now you understand the process for registration on CoWin portal so book your vaccination slot as soon as possible. If you want to know how much antibodies have developed in your body post-covid then book Spike Protein Antibody Test now.

[newstfionline]

Thursday, May 6, 2021

Nearly 20 million more people hit by food crises last year (Reuters) Nearly 20 million more people faced food crises last year amid armed conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic and weather extremes, and the outlook for this year is again grim, according to a report by the Global Network Against Food Crises. The humanitarian agency, set up in 2016 by the European Union and United Nations, also warned that acute food insecurity has continued to worsen since 2017, the first year of its annual report into food crises. “We must do everything we can to end this vicious cycle. There is no place for famine and starvation in the 21st century,” said U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres. He added that conflict and hunger need to be tackled jointly, as they reinforce one another. Defined as any lack of food that threatens lives, livelihoods or both, acute food insecurity at crisis levels or worse impacted at least 155 million people last year, the highest number in the report’s five-year existence.

America’s new normal: A degree hotter than two decades ago (AP) America’s new normal temperature is a degree hotter than it was just two decades ago. Scientists have long talked about climate change—hotter temperatures, changes in rain and snowfall and more extreme weather—being the “new normal.” Data released Tuesday by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration put hard figures on the cliché. The new United States normal is not just hotter, but wetter in the eastern and central parts of the nation and considerably drier in the West than just a decade earlier. “Almost every place in the U.S. has warmed from the 1981 to 2010 normal to the 1991 to 2020 normal,” said Michael Palecki, NOAA’s normals project manager.

Nature at its craziest: Trillions of cicadas about to emerge (AP) Sifting through a shovel load of dirt in a suburban backyard, Michael Raupp and Paula Shrewsbury find their quarry: a cicada nymph. And then another. And another. And four more. In maybe a third of a square foot of dirt, the University of Maryland entomologists find at least seven cicadas—a rate just shy of a million per acre. A nearby yard yielded a rate closer to 1.5 million. And there’s much more afoot. Trillions of the red-eyed black bugs are coming, scientists say. Within days, a couple weeks at most, the cicadas of Brood X (the X is the Roman numeral for 10) will emerge after 17 years underground. There are many broods of periodic cicadas that appear on rigid schedules in different years, but this is one of the largest and most noticeable. They’ll be in 15 states from Indiana to Georgia to New York; they’re coming out now in mass numbers in Tennessee and North Carolina. When the entire brood emerges, backyards can look like undulating waves, and the bug chorus is lawnmower loud.

Reuniting refugee families (Washington Post) President Biden began fulfilling a campaign promise Tuesday as U.S. authorities started to help to reunite a number of migrant families forcibly separated by the previous administration. President Donald Trump imposed a “zero tolerance” policy on those crossing the U.S. border illegally that led to myriad unauthorized migrants being rushed through criminal proceedings and deported while their children who had accompanied them remained in the United States. It was easier to track the children than their parents. In some instances, advocates had to post radio advertisements in Mexico and Central America. The reunions Tuesday would mark, Kevin Sieff wrote, “the start of a massive relocation of parents deported by one U.S. president and returned by another. In total, more than 1,000 families are expected to be reunited.”

The Little Nation That Could (Guardian) The island of Cuba is dealing with a pandemic while suffering its worst economic crisis since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The US trade embargo restricts the medical equipment the island can import; even so, of the 27 coronavirus vaccines in final stage testing around the world, two are Cuban. The UN has called on the US to lift sanctions on the island during the pandemic, but the embargo has actually toughened since the outgoing Trump administration put Cuba on the US list of state sponsors of terrorism. “The US is trying to starve Cuba into submission,” said one of the doctors on the coronavirus taskforce. “It’s not only that it’s difficult to buy things directly from the US. It’s also that all these sanctions that the Trump administration put in place have dried up many sources of revenue.” Nevertheless, Cuban scientists are confident that widespread vaccination will be attained this year. “When you have everything, you don’t have to think so much.” said another scientist. “But when you have difficulties, you have to think up new ways to innovate.”

Years of Unheeded Warnings. Then the Subway Crash Mexico City Had Feared. (NYT) The capital had been bracing for the disaster for years. Ever since it opened nearly a decade ago, the newest Mexico City subway line—a heralded expansion of the second largest subway system in the Americas—had been plagued with structural weaknesses that led engineers to warn of potential accidents. Yet other than a brief, partial shutdown of the line in 2014, the warnings went unheeded by successive governments. On Monday night, the mounting problems turned fatal: A subway train on the Golden Line plunged about 50 feet after an overpass collapsed underneath it, killing at least 24 people and injuring dozens more. The accident—and the government’s failure to act sooner to fix known problems with the line—immediately set off a political firestorm for three of the most powerful people in Mexico: the president and the two people widely believed to be front-runners to succeed him as leaders of the governing party and possibly, the country.

Brexit problems (Foreign Policy) France has threatened “retaliatory measures”—including cutting power to Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands—as tensions rise over fishing rights between Britain and France. Since the post-Brexit trade deal, French fishermen have been angered by delays in newly required licenses that have prevented them from accessing British waters—an area they say is necessary for their livelihoods.

Scottish independence 'front and center' in May 6 election (Washington Post) Scotland goes to the polls Thursday in a vote that could eventually lead to a truly historic event: the crackup of the United Kingdom. The independence movement has gained momentum in the wake of Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s Brexit. And the pandemic has further encouraged the idea that Scotland might be better off going its own way, with policies determined in Edinburgh viewed more favorably by Scots than those pronounced at Westminster. As a result, the Scottish National Party, led by the popular First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon, 50, is expected to perform well in Thursday’s vote for seats in the regional Parliament, with pro-independence parties winning a solid majority of the 129 seats in Holyrood. The talk shows, political magazines and news columns in Britain are full of speculation about a looming breakup. Since 2014, Scotland has voted overwhelmingly against Brexit, 62 percent to 38 percent. Many Scots then saw Johnson’s hard-split version of Brexit as an unnecessary affront. And since Britain left the European Union, Scotland has tallied more harms than benefits. The Scottish fishermen, for instance, say their industry is in crisis.

Belgian cyberattack (1440) Belgium was hit with a sweeping cyberattack yesterday, leaving its parliament, government agencies, universities, and other organizations without internet service for hours. The effort knocked out both websites and internal systems, including the country’s coronavirus vaccine registration portal. Hackers targeted the government’s service provider with a distributed denial-of-service, or DDoS, attack—a strategy that overwhelms networks with massive amounts of artificial internet traffic. Experts say such attacks are often meant to knock systems offline rather than steal information. It was unclear who was behind the attack. The incident highlights the growing ability of cybercriminals, either independent or state-affiliated, to strike unprepared governments and companies—some estimate cyberattacks will cost the global economy $6T in losses in 2021.

EU seeks rapid response military force, two decades after first try (Reuters) Fourteen European Union countries including Germany and France have proposed a rapid military response force that could intervene early in international crises, a senior EU official said on Wednesday, two decades after a previous attempt. The countries say the EU should create a brigade of 5,000 soldiers, possibly with ships and aircraft, to help democratic foreign governments needing urgent help, the official said. First discussed in 1999, the EU in 2007 set up a combat-ready system of battlegroups of 1,500 personnel to respond to crises, but they have never been used. Those battle groups could now form the basis of a so-called First Entry Force, part of a new momentum towards more EU defence capabilities. From this year, the bloc has a joint budget to develop weaponry together, is drawing up a military doctrine for 2022 and detailed its military weakness last year for the first time.

Staunch anti-India Kashmir politician dies in police custody (AP) A prominent politician in Kashmir who challenged India’s rule over the disputed region for decades died Wednesday while in police custody. Mohammed Ashraf Sehrai was 78. Sehrai’s son, Mujahid Sehrai, said his father was denied proper medical care while in jail. Sehrai was arrested last July under the Public Safety Act, which allows authorities in Indian-controlled Kashmir to imprison anyone for up to two years without trial. All Parties Hurriyat Conference, the main separatist grouping in Kashmir, said authorities had left Sehrai unattended in jail until his condition worsened. In a statement, it said it “deeply regrets this inhuman attitude of the authorities and is pained by it.” It also expressed concern about the health of hundreds of other Kashmiri political detainees as India faces a massive health crisis because of an explosion of coronavirus cases. Last week, the grouping said the prisoners were being denied “even basic amenities,” leading to “serious health problems among the prisoners.”

India’s COVID-19 surge spreads to Nepal (Reuters) Nepal is being overwhelmed by a COVID-19 surge as India’s outbreak spreads across South Asia, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies said on Wednesday. Nepal is now recording 57 times as many cases as a month ago, with 44% of tests now coming back positive. Nepalese towns near the Indian border could not cope with the growing number of people needing treatment, while only 1% of the country’s population was fully vaccinated.

Myanmar’s military disappearing young men to crush uprising (AP) Myanmar’s security forces moved in and the street lamps went black. In house after house, people shut off their lights. Darkness swallowed the block. When the military’s trucks finally rolled away, Shwe’s 15-year-old brother was missing. Across the country, Myanmar’s security forces are arresting and forcibly disappearing thousands of people, especially boys and young men, in a sweeping bid to break the back of a three-month uprising against a military takeover. In most cases, the families of those taken do not know where they are, according to an Associated Press analysis of more than 3,500 arrests since February. It is a technique the military has long used to instill fear and to crush pro-democracy movements. The boys and young men are taken from homes, businesses and streets, under the cover of night and sometimes in the brightness of day. Some end up dead. Many are imprisoned and sometimes tortured. Many more are missing.

Turkey and Egypt on the mend (Foreign Policy) Representatives from Turkey and Egypt meet in Cairo today for “exploratory” discussions “on the necessary steps that may lead towards the normalization of relations” according to a joint statement. Relations between the two countries have frayed due to maritime border disputes, Libya’s civil war, and President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s opposition to the 2013 coup which brought Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi to power. There were some signs of rapprochement in March, when the Turkish government directed Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated media channels in the country to refrain from criticizing the Egyptian president.

Why Nearsightedness Is on the Rise in Children (NYT) Look and you shall see: A generation of the real-life nearsighted Mr. Magoos is growing up before your eyes. A largely unrecognized epidemic of nearsightedness, or myopia, is afflicting the eyes of children. People with myopia can see close-up objects clearly, like the words on a page. But their distance vision is blurry, and correction with glasses or contact lenses is likely to be needed for activities like seeing the blackboard clearly, cycling, driving or recognizing faces down the block. The growing incidence of myopia is related to changes in children’s behavior, especially how little time they spend outdoors, often staring at screens indoors instead of enjoying activities illuminated by daylight. Gone are the days when most children played outside between the end of the school day and suppertime. And the devastating pandemic of the past year may be making matters worse. The prevalence of myopia in the United States increased from 25 percent in the early 1970s to nearly 42 percent just three decades later. And the rise in myopia is not limited to highly developed countries. The World Health Organization estimates that half the world’s population may be myopic by 2050.

[penzanews]

Foreign experts assess benefits of Russia’s Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine

The Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF, Russia’s sovereign wealth fund) announced that the Sputnik V vaccine demonstrated efficacy of 97.6%, based on the analysis of data on the infection rate of coronavirus among those in Russia vaccinated with both components of Sputnik V.

“The Ministry of Health of Russia maintains a register of persons who have been vaccinated, as well as citizens who have got infected with COVID as part of the Unified State Information System in Healthcare. According to the data from 3.8 million Russians vaccinated with both components of Sputnik V from December 5, 2020 to March 31, 2021 as part of the mass-scale civil vaccination program, the infection rate starting from the 35th day from the date of the first injection was only 0.027%. At the same time, the incidence among the unvaccinated adult population was 1.1% for a comparable period starting from the 35th day after the launch of mass-scale vaccination in Russia,” says the message posted on the official website of the Sputnik V vaccine.

It is expected that the data and calculations of the vaccine’s efficacy will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal in May.

Sputnik V is approved for use in 60 countries with a total population of 3 billion people. It ranks second among coronavirus vaccines globally in terms of the number of approvals issued by government regulators.

Sputnik V has been approved in Russia, Belarus, Argentina, Bolivia, Serbia, Algeria, Palestine, Venezuela, Paraguay, Turkmenistan, Hungary, UAE, Iran, Republic of Guinea, Tunisia, Armenia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Republika Srpska (entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina), Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Mongolia, Bahrain, Montenegro, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Gabon, San-Marino, Ghana, Syria, Kyrgyzstan, Guyana, Egypt, Honduras, Guatemala, Moldova, Slovakia, Angola, Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Sri Lanka, Laos, Iraq, North Macedonia, Kenya, Morocco, Jordan, Namibia, Azerbaijan, Philippines, Cameroon, Seychelles, Mauritius, Vietnam, Antigua and Barbuda, Mali, Panama and India.

As noted by the media, earlier Russian Sputnik V was the third in the list of vaccines with the highest level of effectiveness against coronavirus infection. For Moderna, it is 94.1%, while Pfizer/BioNTech initially had this figure at 95%, but in early April, the developer announced its decrease to 91.3%. Thus, the Russian vaccine now ranks first in terms of effectiveness.

According to Alexander Gintsburg, Director of the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the actual efficacy of the Sputnik V vaccine may be even higher than the results of the analysis demonstrate, since “the data on the case registration system allows a time lag between the collection of the sample (the actual date of the disease) and the diagnosis.”

The Sputnik V vaccine is based on a proven and well-studied platform of human adenoviral vectors. The safety, efficacy and lack of negative long-term effects of adenoviral vaccines have been proven by more than 250 clinical studies over two decades. Moreover, the storage temperature of Sputnik V allows storing it in a conventional refrigerator without any need to invest in additional cold-chain infrastructure. There are no strong allergies caused by Sputnik V. The price of Sputnik V is less than $10 per shot, making it affordable around the world.

Assessing the benefits of the Sputnik V vaccine, Muhammad Munir, Lecturer in Molecular Virology, Lancaster University, noted the presence of two different adenoviral vectors in the Russian vaccine – rAd26 and rAd5.

��One of the unique features of Sputnik V is use of two vectors for the delivery of antigen. The first dose primes the immune system and raise substantial antibodies whereas second dose induce the immune system to produce long lasting antibodies and T-cells without being neutralized by the first dose,” the expert told PenzaNews.

According to him, this feature makes Sputnik V better and different compared to AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson (J&J) which uses single vector for both injections.

“Realizing this advantage, AstraZeneca partnered with Sputnik V to conduct mutual trial which could enhance the performance of AstraZeneca. Based on the published data, Sputnik V outperformed many of the vaccines of similar kind,” Muhammad Munir stressed.

Jacob Koshy, Deputy Science Editor, The Hindu, expressed the opinion that the main advantage of Sputnik V for India is the already established cooperation of vaccine manufacturers with at least five Indian pharmaceutical companies.

“So the hope is that anywhere between 300–600 million doses will be quickly available to India within months. Sputnik V has tied up with Dr. Reddy’s Labs and conducted a phase 2/3 adaptive study. The results of this aren’t in public domain but one hopes that this information is with India’s regulators and they have made a good judgement,” Jacob Koshy said.

He also drew attention to the fact that there is no prejudice in Indian society about Sputnik V, but there are general fears about vaccines.

“Like in Russia, there is significant hesitancy on vaccines in general. The ongoing second wave in India has caused tremendous panic and many – even though initially hesitant – are now seeking vaccines,” the expert said.

According to him, the main issue for India today is the details of the agreements concluded for the production of Sputnik V.

“RDIF has been on a major, global publicity blitz for several months in marketing Sputnik V to the world. However it must be more transparent on how many of the doses it plans for manufacture in India will actually be available to Indians and how many will be sent for export,” Jacob Koshy explained.

Moreover, in his opinion, Russia should conduct and publish more detailed studies of the vaccine, in particular, its effectiveness against new variants of coronavirus and possible side effects associated with vaccination.

In turn, Shankaran Nambiar, Head of Research, Malaysian Institute of Economic Research in Kuala Lumpur, reminded that the Russian vaccine Sputnik V has been highly rated by international agencies and is reported to be both efficient and safe.

“The vaccine is currently under assessment by the local regulatory body and a firm decision has not been announced yet. The minister for science, technology and innovation, Khairy Jamaluddin, who is supervising the vaccination campaign, had warned that if the regulatory approval process takes too long, Malaysia might lose out on the offer that has been made by the Russian authorities. The Russian authorities have offered 6.4 million doses,” the analyst said.

In his opinion, the advantage that comes with accepting Sputnik V is beneficial for Malaysia not only within the framework of the vaccination program but also but also because it will allow the country to obtain technologies for its production.

“Gamaleya National Research Institute of Epidemiology is willing to share its expertise with Malaysia and that will help Malaysia make inroads into the pharmaceutical industry. This will enable Malaysia to be the regional base for the production and distribution of the vaccine. There are tremendous advantages that Malaysia can gain by accepting Sputnik V and working with Gamaleya,” Shankaran Nambiar explained.

Meanwhile, Hildegund Ertl, Professor, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, called Sputnik V an excellent vaccine with high efficacy.

“It was shown by the phase III trial results published in Lancet [one of the most famous and respected general medical journals, founded in 1823] [...] and it has complete protection against hospitalisations and deaths and mild to moderate side effects,” the expert said.

However, in her opinion, short terms of application of vaccines against coronavirus in the world do not yet allow making unambiguous conclusions.

“The AstraZeneca vaccine has thus far shown lower efficacy in preventing mild to moderate disease than Sputnik V and there have been claims of rare but serious side effects in women under 50 receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine, which may or may not be related to the vaccine. But the AstraZeneca vaccine also completely protects against severe disease and death,” Hildegund Ertl said and added that we cannot claim that one vaccine is better than another till we know more about duration of protection and protection against circulating and future variants of the coronavirus.

According to her, today, one of the main priorities should be the united struggle of the world community against the pandemic.

“Right now it is crucial that we get the world vaccinated – not just the wealthy countries but every person in every country and for that we need every vaccine that has shown efficacy and will thereby prevent human suffering and death. [...] All the approved vaccines will be a valuable tool to end this pandemic,” the expert concluded.

Source: https://penzanews.ru/en/analysis/67088-2021

[sudheervanguri]

medpus pharmacist recruitment west bengal: Opportunity for Pharmacist Positions Are you a skilled pharmacist looking for an exciting career opportunity in West Bengal? Look no further! MedPlus is currently hiring Pharmacists with B and D Pharmacy qualifications and PCI Registration across the entire state of West Bengal. Join our team and be a part of our mission to provide quality healthcare services to communities in West Bengal. About MedPlus MedPlus is a leading pharmacy retail chain in India, dedicated to providing affordable and accessible healthcare solutions to customers. With a strong presence across the country, we are committed to delivering high-quality pharmaceutical products and services to improve the health and well-being of individuals and families Job Description Role: Pharmacist Industry Type: Healthcare, Pharmacy Department: Pharmacy Employment Type: Full-time Role Category: Medical, Healthcare Educational Background Required: B Pharm, D Pharm with PCI Registration Key Skills: Pharmacy, Healthcare, Communication How to Apply: Contact details provided below Job Description Role: Pharmacist As a Pharmacist at MedPlus in West Bengal, you will play a crucial role in ensuring the safe and effective dispensing of medications to our customers. Your responsibilities will include: Dispensing Medications: Accurately dispensing prescription medications and providing information to customers regarding proper usage, dosage, and storage. Patient Counseling: Offering counseling and guidance to customers on the appropriate use of medications, potential side effects, and any other relevant information. Medication Management: Managing inventory levels, ordering medications and supplies as needed, and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. Customer Service: Providing exceptional customer service by addressing inquiries, resolving issues, and maintaining a professional and welcoming atmosphere in the pharmacy. Quality Assurance: Performing quality checks on medications to ensure accuracy, potency, and adherence to safety standards. Collaboration: Collaborating with healthcare professionals, including physicians and nurses, to coordinate patient care and optimize medication therapy. Documentation: Maintaining accurate records of prescriptions filled, medications dispensed, and other relevant information in accordance with pharmacy regulations. Health Promotion: Promoting health and wellness initiatives within the community, such as vaccination programs and health screenings. Continuing Education: Staying updated on the latest developments in pharmacy practice, including new medications, regulations, and guidelines. Teamwork: Working collaboratively with pharmacy technicians and other staff members to ensure smooth operations and efficient workflow within the pharmacy. By fulfilling these responsibilities with dedication and professionalism, you will contribute to MedPlus's mission of providing accessible and high-quality healthcare services to the residents of West Bengal. [caption id="attachment_63602" align="aligncenter" width="800"] medpus pharmacist recruitment west bengal[/caption] How to Apply To apply for the Pharmacist position at MedPlus in West Bengal, please contact: Phone Numbers: 7596060178, 9347415331, 9830812420, 8280969336, 8902649066 Email Addresses: biswajits@medplusindia.com, biswajitp@medplusindia.com, mrinals@medplusindia.com, debabrata.s@medplusindia.com, paromita.s@medpluspharmacy.com

[nursingscience]

GNM Previous Year Question Paper of Community Health Nursing - II

Short Question and Answer for GNM 3rd Year

♧Fill in the blanks:

1. The number of females per 1000 males is called

➡ Sex Ratio

2. An outbreak of disease in a community in excess of normal expectation

➡ Epidemic

3. Anti-malaria month campaign is observed every year in

➡ June

4. The Indian Red Cross Society was established in the year

➡ 1920

5. Under the ICDS scheme, an Anganwadi worker covers a population of

➡ 1000

6. BCG vaccination is administered to protect against

➡ Tuberculosis

7. The administrative head of the district is a

➡ District Collector

8. Scientific study of human population is

➡ Demography

9. One tribal sub centre covers a population of

➡ 5,000

10. Mid-day meal programme was established in the year of

➡ 1995

11. United nations international children's emergency fund (UNICEF) headquarters is

➡ Geneva

12. Oral pills contains small amount of:

➡Estrogens and progestrones

13. The registration of deaths are done within:

➡ 21 Days

14. MTP act came into force in:

➡ 1971

15. BCG vaccine is given through __________site.

➡ Intradermal

16. ___________is commonly used for taking weight of children under 1 year of age.

➡ Salter spring hanging scale

17. World AIDS Day is celebrated on__________

➡ 1st December

18. The theme of world health day in 2017 was

➡ Depression

19. A female health worker is expected to cover a population of

➡ 5000

20. National TB control programme was launched in the year

➡ 1997

21. ___________is celebrated on May 12th.

➡ International Nurses Day

22. The World Aids Day is celebrated on

➡ 1ST DEC

23. PHC in hilly and tribal area covers the population of

➡ 3000

24. Dengue fever is caused by the bite of

➡ AEDES MOSQUITO

25. Montaux test is to diagnoses

➡ TUBERCULOSIS

26. The Indian Red Cross Society was established in the year

➡ 1920

27. Under the ICDS scheme, an Anganwadi worker covers a population of

➡ 1000

28. BCG vaccination is administered to protect against

➡ Tuberculosis

29. The administrative head of the district is a

➡ District Collector

30. World tuberculosis day is on

➡ March-24.

31. National health policy was launched in the year

➡ 1983.

32. Nursing process is also known as

➡ Systematic Scientific approach.

33. __________is the scientific study of human population.

➡ Demography

34. Time required measuring the Mantoux test

➡ 48-72 hours

35. According to ICDS scheme there is an Anganwadi worker for a population of

➡ 1000.

36. Community health is also called

➡ Public health.

37. Group on medical education and support man power knows as

➡ Shrivastav Committee

38. Planning prosperity together is the motto of

➡ Preventive, curative and promotive care.

39. The fetal point for delivery of ICDS is on

➡ 1975.

40. A block contains about

➡ 100 villages.

42. Farmer's lung is due to the inhalation of

➡Mouldy Hay or Grain Dust.

43. The 12th five year plan covers the period from

➡ 2012-2017.

44. The indicator of the prevalence of contraceptive practice in the community is

➡ Women empowerment.

45. The term Siddha implies

➡ Knowledge of life.

46. Anti-leprosy day is celebrated on

➡ January-30th.

47. In India the last census was done in the year

➡ 2011.

48. Number of deaths under 1 year of age per 1000 live birth in a year is termed as

➡ Infant mortality rate.

49. The kingpin for health care delivery at the subcenter level is

➡ Panchayat Raj.

50. The number of live births divided by the mid-year population and multiplied by 1000 is known as

➡ Early Neonatal Rate.

51. National AIDS Control Program was launched in the year

➡ 1987

52. The pioneer of immunization is

➡ Edward Jenner.

53. The most important recommendations of placing health in people's hands was by the

➡ Srivastava Committee

54. The financial and technical assistance for development of poor countries is provided by

➡ UNESCO

55. Three-tier structure of local self government in India is known as

➡ Panchayat Raj

56. The administrative head of a district is

➡ District Collector

57. The cold chain system, all vaccines can be stored for few months at

➡ 0.4°C.

58. Objective of Tuberculosis Control Program is to achieve 85% cure rate through

➡ DOTS

59. The first step in controlling a communicable disease is

➡ Vaccination

60. In India, the last census was done in the year

➡2011.

[alexsmitposts]

The Insanity of Sustainability “Only the Dead Have Seen the End of War” – Plato. This wisdom is as valid today as it was 2,500 years ago. Wars go on and on. They are exactly the anti-dote of sustainability. They may be the only “sustainability” modern mankind knows – endless destruction, killing, shameless exploitation of Mother Earth and its sentient beings, including humans. Yes, we are hellbent towards “sustainably”, destroying our planet and all its living beings, with wars and conflicts and shameless exploitation of Mother Earth – and the people who have peacefully inhabited her lands for thousands of years. All for greed, and more greed. Greed and destruction are certainly “unsustainable” features of our western “civilization”. Not to worry, in the grand scheme of things, Mother Earth will survive. She will cleanse herself by shaking and shedding off the destroyers, the annihilators – mankind. Only the brave will survive. Indigenous people, who have abstained from abject consumerism and instead worshipped Mother Earth and expressed their gratitude to her daily gifts. There are not many such societies left on our planet. In the meantime, we lie about the sustainability we live in. We lie to ourselves and to the public at large around us. We make believe sustainability is our cause – and we use the term freely and constantly. Most of us don’t even know what it is supposed to mean. “Sustainability” and “sustainable” anything and everything have become slogans; or household words. Such buzz-words, repeated over and over again, are made for promoting ideas, and for bending people’s minds to believe in something that isn’t. We pretend and say that we work sustainably, we develop – just about anything we touch – sustainably, and we project the future in a most sustainable way. That’s what we are made to believe by those who coined this most fabulously clever, but untrue term. It is the 101 of a psycho-factory. As Voltaire so pointedly said, “Those who can make you believe absurdities; can make you commit atrocities.” Sustainability. What does it mean? It has about as many interpretations as there are people who use the term – namely none specific. It sounds good. Because it has become – well, a household word, ever since the World Bank invented, or rather diverted the term for “sustainable development” in the 1990s, in connection, first, with Global Warming, then with Climate Change – and now back to both. Imagine! – There was a time at the World Bank – and possibly other institutions, when every page of almost every report had to contain at least once the word “sustainable”, or “sustainability”. Yes, that’s the extent of insanity propagated then – and today, it follows on a global scale, more sophisticated – the corporate world, the mega-polluters make it their buzz-word – our business is sustainable, and we with our products promote sustainability – worldwide. In fact, sustainable, sustainable growth, sustainable development, sustainable this and sustainable that – was originally coined by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit – held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June in 1992. The summit is intimately linked to the subsequent drive on Global Warming and Climate Change. It exuded projections of sea level risings, of disappearing cities and land strips, like Florida and New York City, as well as parts of California and many coastal areas and towns in Africa and Asia. It painted endless disasters, droughts, floods and famine as their consequence, if we – mankind – didn’t act. This first of a series of UN environment / climate summits is also closely connected with the UN Agendas 2021 and 2030. The UN Agenda 2030 incorporates or uses as main vehicle – the 17 “Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)”. In a special UN Conference in 2016, Bill Gates was able to introduce into the 16th SDG “Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels”, the 9th of the 12 sub-targets – “By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration.” This is precisely what Bill Gates needs to introduce digital IDs – most likely injected via vaccines, beginning with children from developing countries – i.e. the poor and defenseless are time and again used as guinea pigs. They won’t know what happens to them. First trials are underway in one or several rural schools in Bangladesh – see this and this. These 17 sustainable development goals, are all driving towards a Green Agenda, or as some prominent “left” US Democrat-political figures call it, the New Green Deal. It is nothing else but capitalism painted Green, at a horrendous cost for mankind and for the resources of the world. But it is sold under the label of creating a more sustainable world. Never mind, the enormous amounts of hydrocarbons – the key polluter itself – that will be needed to convert our “black” economy into a Green economy. Simply because we have not developed effective and efficient alternative sources of energy. The main reasons for this are the strong and politically powerful hydrocarbon lobbies. The energy cost (hydrocarbon-energy from oil and coal) of producing solar panels and windmills is astounding. So, today’s electric cars – Tesla and Co. – are still driven by hydrocarbon produced electricity – plus their batteries made from lithium destroy pristine landscapes, like huge natural salt flats in Bolivia, Argentina, China and elsewhere. The use of these sources of energy is everything but “sustainable”. See also Michael Moore’s film“Planet of the Humans”. Hydrogen power is promoted as the panacea of future energy resources. But is it really? Hydrocarbons or fossil fuels today amount to 80% of all energy used worldwide. This is non-renewable and highly polluting energy. Today to produce hydrogen is still mostly dependent on fossil fuels, similar to electricity. As long as we have purely profit-fueled hydrocarbon lobbies that prevent governments collectively to invest in alternative energy research, like solar energy of the 2nd Generation, i.e. derived from photosynthesis (what plants do), hydrogen production uses more fossil fuels than using straight gas or petrol-derived fuels. Therefore hydrogen, say a hydrogen-driven car, maybe as much as 40% – 50% less efficient than would be a straight electric car. The burden on the environment can be considerably higher. Thus, not sustainable with today’s technology. To enhance your belief their slogans of “sustainability”, they put up some windmills or solar cells in the “backyard” of their land- and landscape devastating coal mines. They will be filmed along with their “sustainable” buzz-words. *** The World Economic Forum (WEF) and the IMF are fully committed to the idea of the New Green Deal. For them it is not unfettered neoliberal capitalism – and extreme consumerism emanating from it, that is the cause for the world’s environmental and societal breakdown, but the use of polluting energies, like hydrocarbons. They seem to ignore the enormous fossil fuel use to convert to a green energy-driven economy. Capitalism is OK, we just have to paint it green (take a look at this). *** Let’s look at what else is “sustainable”- or not. Water use and privatization – Coca Cola tells us their addictive and potentially diabetes-causing soft drinks are produced “sustainably”. They tout sustainability as their sales promotion all over the world. They use enormous amounts of pristine clean drinking water – and so does Nestlé to further promote its number One business branch, bottled water. Nestlé has overtaken Coca Cola as the world number One in bottled water. They both use subterranean sources of drinking water – least costly and often rich in minerals. Both of them have made or are about to sign agreements with Brazil’s President to exploit the world’s largest freshwater aquifer, the Guarani, underlaying Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. They both proclaim sustainability. Both Coca Cola and Nestlé have horror stories in the Global South (i.e. India, Brazil, Mexico and others), as well as in the Global North. Nestlé is in a battle with the municipality of the tiny Osceola Township, Michigan, where residents complain the Swiss company’s water extraction techniques are ruining the environment. Nestlé pays the State of Michigan US$ 200 to extract 130 million gallons of water per year (2018). Through over-exploitation both in the Global South and the Global North, especially in the summer, the water table sinks to unattainable levels for the local populations – which are deprived of their water source. Protesting with their government or city officials is often in vain. Corruption is all overarching. – Nothing sustainable here. These are just two examples of privatizing water for bottling purposes. Privatization of public water supply on a much larger scale is at the core of the issue, carried out mostly in developing countries (the Global South), mainly by French, British, Spanish and US water corporations. Privatization of water is a socially most unsustainable feat, as it deprives the public, especially the poor, from access to their legitimate water resources. Water is a public good – and water is also a basic human right. On 28 July 2010, through Resolution 64/292, the United Nations General Assembly explicitly recognized the human right to water and sanitation and acknowledged that clean drinking water and sanitation are essential to the realization of all human rights. The public water use of Nestlé and Coca Cola – and many others, mind you, doesn’t even take account of the trillions of used plastic bottles ending up as uncollected and non-recycled waste, in the sea, fields, forests and on the road sides. Worldwide less than 8% of plastic bottles are recycled. Therefore, nothing of what Nestlé and Coca Cola practice and profess is sustainable. It’s an outright lie. Petrol industry - BP with its green business emblem, makes believe – visually, every time you pass a BP station – that they are green. PB proclaims that their oil exploration and exploitation is green and environmentally sustainable. Let’s look at reality. The so far considered largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry, was the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. It was a giant industrial disaster that started on April 20, 2010 and lasted to 19 September 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, spilling about 780,000 cubic meter of raw petroleum over an area of up to 180,000 square kilometers. BP promised a full cleanup. By February 2015 they declared task completed. Yet at least 60% of oil and tar along the sea shore and beaches have not been cleaned up – and may never be removed. – Where is the sustainability of their promise? Another outright lie. BP and other oil corporations also have horrendous human rights records – just about everywhere they operate, mostly in Africa and the Middle East, but also in Asia. The abrogation of human rights is also an abrogation of sustainability. In this essay BP is used as an example for the petrol industry. None of the petrol giants operate sustainably anywhere in the world, and least where water table-destructive fracking is practiced. Sustainable mining – is another flagrant lie. But it sells well to the blinded people. And most of the civilized world is blinded. Unfortunately. They want to continue in their comfort zone which includes the use of copper, gold and other precious metals and stones, rare earths for ever more sophisticated electronic gear, gadgets and especially military electronically guided precision weaponry – as well as hydrocarbons in one way or another. Sustainable mining of anything unrenewable is a Big Oxymoron. Anything you take from the earth that is non-renewable is by its nature not sustainable. Its simply gone. Forever. In addition to the raw material not being renewable, the environmental damage caused by mining – especially gold and copper – is horrendous. Once a mine is exploited in a short 30- or 40-years’ concession, the mining company leaves mountains of contaminated waste, soil and water behind – that takes a thousand years or more to regenerate. Yet, the industry’s palaver is “sustainability”, and the public buys it. In fact, our civilization’s sustainability is zero. Aside from the pollution, poisoning and intoxication that we leave around us, our mostly western civilization has used natural resources at the rate of 3 to 4 times in excess of what Mother Earth so generally provides us with. We, the west, had passed the threshold of One in the mid-sixties. In Africa and most of Asia, the rate of depletion is still way below the factor of One, on average somewhere between 0.4 and 0.6. “Sustainability” is a flash-word, has no meaning in our western civilization. It is pure deception – self-deception, so we may continue with our unsustainable ways of life. That’s what profit-bound capitalism does. It lives today with ever more consumerism, more luxury for the ever-fewer oligarchs – on the resources of tomorrow. The sustainability of everything is not only a cheap slogan, it’s a ruinous self-deception. A Global Great Reset is needed – but not according to the methods of the IMF and WEF. They would just shovel more resources and assets from the bottom 99.99% to the top few, painting the “new” capitalism a shiny bright green – and fooling the masses. We, The People, must take The Reset in our own hands, with consciousness and responsibility. So, We the People, forget sustainable but act responsibly.

[ziyadnazem]

America’s dependence on China for pharmaceuticals: 97% of all antibiotics in the United States came from China

In the midst of an ongoing quarantine across China due to the 2019 Coronavirus outbreak, it is rather troubling to be reminded about the dependence of America on China for products, particularly essential medicine.

Back in July of 2019, the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission held a hearing on the growing reliance of China's biotech and pharmaceutical products in America. The topic reminded me of a spirited discussion described in Bob Woodward’s book, Fear: Trump in the White House. In the discussion, Gary Cohn, then chief economic advisor to President Trump, argued against a trade war with China by invoking a Department of Commerce study that found that 97% of all antibiotics in the United States came from China. “If you’re the Chinese and you want to really just destroy us, just stop sending us antibiotics,” he said.

Cohn’s words highlight a security concern associated with pharmaceuticals from China. As Rosemary Gibson noted in her testimony, centralization of the global supply chain of medicines in a single country makes it vulnerable to interruption, “whether by mistake or design.” If we are dependent on China for thousands of ingredients and raw materials to make our medicine, China could use this dependence as a weapon against us. While the Department of Defense only purchases a small number of finished pharmaceuticals from China, about 80 percent of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used to make drugs in the United States are said to come from China and other countries like India. For example, the chemical starting material used to make doxycycline, the recommended treatment for anthrax exposure, comes from China. When an influential Chinese economist earlier this year suggested that Beijing curb its exports of raw materials for vitamins and antibiotics as a countermeasure in the trade war with the United States, the worries surrounding our API dependence to China seemed to be vindicated. Concern about a disruption in the supply chain could explain why the tariffs on Chinese products proposed by the United States Trade Representative in May 2019, worth approximately $300 billion, excludes “pharmaceuticals, certain pharmaceutical inputs, and select medical goods.”

While the potential exposure to raw material supply disruptions drives part of our fear, concern about the safety and efficacy of Chinese-made pharmaceuticals is another component. In the summer of 2018, one of China’s largest domestic vaccine makers sold at least 250,000 substandard doses of vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. It was the latest in a slew of scandals caused by poor quality drug products made in China over the last decade. In 2008, the contamination of a raw ingredient imported from China and used to make heparin, a blood-thinning drug, was associated with at least eighty-one deaths in the United States. According to an investigative journalist, fraud and manipulation of quality data are still endemic in Chinese pharmaceutical firms.

In order to address the growing security and safety concerns about Chinese-made pharmaceuticals, some suggest that the United States switch to India as an alternative API supplier. However, doing so would be no different from rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic. It is true that many Indian pharmaceutical firms are leading API manufacturers but India depends on China for sourcing nearly three-quarters of APIs in generic drug formulations. The disruption in the supply chain notwithstanding, switching to India for the supply of APIs would only make the drugs sold in the United States more expensive: APIs and chemical intermediates from China are 35 to 40 percent cheaper than Indian ones. Moreover, India has its own drug safety problems as well. In 2013, a generic drug maker in India pled guilty to drug safety charges, which included shipping batches of adulterated drugs, having incomplete testing records, and inadequate programs to assess drug quality. According to a former executive of the company, this was only a fraction of the safety issues the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could identify in overseas plants.

Moreover, we could have overestimated our dependence on Chinese-made pharmaceutical products. As of 2018, China claimed 13.4% of all import lines; defined as distinct regulated products within a shipment through customs–among countries that export drugs and biologics to the United States. Of these import lines for drugs and biologics, about 83% were finished drugs, and only 7.5% were APIs. We certainly underestimate the share of APIs from China given that Chinese-made APIs can come to the United States as part of the finished drug products from other countries like India. However, the lack of a reliable API registry makes it difficult to estimate the true market share of Chinese-made APIs.

In addition, when highlighting our dependence on Chinese-made pharmaceuticals, we could overlook the other side of the coin: China needs finished drugs made in the United States. China is facing a crisis of non-communicable diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. It is estimated that between 2002 and 2016, new cancer cases in China increased by more than 55%, from 2.19 million to 3.8 million. A majority of Chinese cancer patients, however, lack access to the most effective drugs. Partly because of this, cancer survival rate in China is less than half of the United States. Under the performance-based legitimacy in contemporary China, the government must justify its rule by continuously delivering public goods and services, like better healthcare, to meet people’s wants. In an increasingly state-dominated political system, the link between performance and legitimacy becomes so tight that failure to deliver such goods could endanger the system itself. In the meantime, with the rapid improvement of material living standards, Chinese people are increasingly valuing things beyond basic earnings, such as good health. As President Xi Jinping stated in the 19th Party Congress, the “principal contradiction” in the society is “the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.” In fact, in 2018, the government cut the import value-added tax on cancer drugs from 17 percent to 3 percent and reduced import tariffs on all common drugs and cancer drugs to zero. Essentially, regime legitimacy requires the state to deliver the most effective drugs, which are often patented and provided exclusively by multinational pharmaceutical companies. In May 2019, China unveiled a list of imported U.S. medical products to impose punitive tariffs upon. The list includes commonly used drugs such as insulin, ibuprofen, as well as medical devices such as ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuses and endoscopes, which Chinese firms can manufacture themselves. Nevertheless, the list did not include anti-cancer drugs and other patented ones.

The same legitimacy concern also led the Chinese government to introduce incentives to improve the quality of its pharmaceutical products. In 2016, China’s FDA introduced the Generic Consistency Evaluation (GCE), which required generic drugs approved for production prior to 2008 to pass the GCE in order to gain “equivalence” to branded drugs in terms of safety and efficacy. Failure to pass the GCE in a timely manner will lead to the revocation of registration licenses or ineligibility for government tenders. Since generic drugs approved before 2008 are prone to low-quality problems, a significant number of drugs that have failed to pass GCE are expected to exit the public market. The measure will help weed out over half of the nation’s 2,900 or so small, and often low-quality, domestic drug makers. Since early this year, nearly 20 pharmaceutical firms have either exited the industry or been reorganized.

So what does all this mean for a response from the United States? Before making any major decisions on this issue, it is important to collect as much information as possible for a full assessment of the risks we face. We should also nurture the development of alternative sources and capabilities to make critically essential drugs in the United States.

[lunisowu-blog]

Why Everybody Is Wrong Regarding Esta Visa Usa

https://pt.ivisa.com/esta-visa-usa

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A great deal of people around the world speak Spanish as their first language.  Nevertheless, the things aren't too fantastic for the legal immigrants also.  While the nation is certain to embrace you, the folks also assume that you are going to be respectful towards its culture.

This system makes it possible for citizens of participating countries to pay a visit to the US for as many as 90 days without a visa.  You should fill your passport information like passport number Then you've got to present the role of visiting the specific nation.  VWP is a specially developed visa program for those countries that satisfy the conventional security requirement for entering in the US.

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This system makes it possible for citizens of participating countries to pay a visit to the US for as many as 90 days without a visa.  The Applicant citizenship country has to be listed in 37 nations.  Unauthorized employment denotes the work achieved by the foreign national who hasn't been authorized the INA or USCIS to work in the nation.