#tumour microenvironment

[bpod-bpod]

Spread on Chips

A micropatterned chip that mimics the natural conditions of tumour spread into surrounding tissue in 3D. Invasive (metastatic) potential of cancer cells can be measured, and therapeutics screened

Read the published research article here

Still from a video from work by Smiti Bhattacharya and colleagues

Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Published in Science Advances, August 2024

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[faultfalha]

A cancer that progresses without input from cells is a terrifying concept. What could cause it to grow and spread? Some dark force, some alien influence? The answer is surprisingly mundane- chromosomal instability. This is a flaw in the genetic material that can cause tumors to develop and grow on their own. It's a frightening prospect, cancer that doesn't need cells to survive. But at least we know what causes it, and we can work to find a cure.

[dreams-cynicism]

Taking my final exams for my degree next week and literally have not slept in days. I have about 300 pages of tumour microenvironment stuff to memorise. Let’s get this degree though!

[neverquiteeden]

Cool article! Discusses how HRT affects the immune response, indicating that one of the reasons we see different immune response patterns in males and females is primarily due to hormonal influences, rather than genetic ones (fascinating! This opens up a bunch more questions that can be researched in vitro.

This is probably a weird thing to say but: scientifically trans people undergoing HRT represent a massive opportunity as a test population if we were able to survey people better, and moreover, they're putting THEMSELVES in the test population so we don't have to go through the whole "where are we going to find people who will let us fuck with their hormones." These guys are already fucking with their hormones and good on them, now 🥺 please can we run some tests to see what else it's doing?🥺 And that would lead to better health outcomes for everyone because we'd better understand how hormones interact with genetics and we'd be able to flag groups for being at-risk for idk diabetes, autoimmune conditions, heart disease, lung cancer in never smokers, etc, more accurately.

For example, lung cancer in never smokers is more common in women, but we don't know if this is due to social, hormonal, or genetic factors. Personally I think that it's likely due to the fact that women are still more likely to be regularly cooking and thus exposed to chemicals that way, but there's a possibility that hormones influencing the immune response interacts on top of that, due to the fact that tumours require a unique immune microenvironment to thrive.

Thank you to these trans guys on HRT for letting the nerds poke around in their immune systems.

[puravibenamastes-blog]

Cientistas do Brasil e da Índia criam tratamento promissor contra tumores sólidos

Uma colaboração entre cientistas do Brasil e da Índia resultou no desenvolvimento de uma alternativa para o tratamento dos tumores sólidos por meio da inibição do chamado microambiente tumoral inflamatório (em inglês, TME, de tumour microenvironment). O artigo foi publicado recentemente no Journal of Controlled Release. Leia mais (04/28/2024 – 07h00) Artigo Folha de S.Paulo – Equilíbrio e Saúde –…

[sisiad]

Using the tumour microenvironment to improve therapy efficacy

http://dlvr.it/T64H0V

[jcmarchi]

New AI Tool Brings Precision Pathology for Cancer and Beyond Into Quicker, Sharper Focus - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/new-ai-tool-brings-precision-pathology-for-cancer-and-beyond-into-quicker-sharper-focus-technology-org/

New AI Tool Brings Precision Pathology for Cancer and Beyond Into Quicker, Sharper Focus - Technology Org

Penn Medicine researchers developed an artificial intelligence tool to quickly analyze gene activities in medical images and provide single-cell insight into diseases in tissues and tissue microenvironments.

A medical robot – artistic interpretation.

A new artificial intelligence tool that interprets medical images with unprecedented clarity does so in a way that could allow time-strapped clinicians to dedicate their attention to critical aspects of disease diagnosis and image interpretation.

The tool, called iStar (Inferring Super-Resolution Tissue Architecture), was developed by researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, who believe they can help clinicians diagnose and better treat cancers that might otherwise go undetected.

The imaging technique provides both highly detailed views of individual cells and a broader look of the full spectrum of how people’s genes operate, which would allow doctors and researchers to see cancer cells that might otherwise have been virtually invisible.

This tool can be used to determine whether safe margins were achieved through cancer surgeries and automatically provide annotation for microscopic images, paving the way for molecular disease diagnosis at that level.

A paper on the method, led by Daiwei “David” Zhang, PhD, a research associate, and Mingyao Li, PhD, a professor of Biostatistics and Digital Pathology, was published in Nature Biotechnology.

I said that iStar could automatically detect critical anti-tumour immune formations called “tertiary lymphoid structures,” whose presence correlates with a patient’s likely survival and favourable response to immunotherapy, which is often given for cancer and requires high precision in patient selection. This means, Li said, that iStar could be a powerful tool for determining which patients would benefit most from immunotherapy.

The development of iStar was taken on as part of the field of spatial transcriptomics, a relatively new field used to map gene activities within the space of tissues. Li and her colleagues adapted a machine learning tool called the Hierarchical Vision Transformer and trained it on standard tissue images. It begins by breaking down images into different stages, starting small and looking for fine details, then moving up and “grasping broader tissue patterns,” according to Li.

A network guided by the AI system within iStar uses the information from the Hierarchical Vision Transformer to absorb all of that information then and apply it to predict gene activities, often at near-single-cell resolution.

“The power of iStar stems from its advanced techniques, which mirror, in reverse, how a pathologist would study a tissue sample,” Li explained. “Just as a pathologist identifies broader regions and then zooms in on detailed cellular structures, iStar can capture the overarching tissue structures and also focus on the minutiae in a tissue image.”

To test the efficacy of the tool, Li and her colleagues evaluated iStar on many different types of cancer tissue, including breast, prostate, kidney, and colorectal cancers, mixed with healthy tissues. Within these tests, iStar was able to automatically detect tumor and cancer cells that were hard to identify just by eye. Clinicians in the future may be able to pick up and diagnose more hard-to-see or hard-to-identify cancers with iStar acting as a layer of support.

In addition to the clinical possibilities presented by the iStar technique, the tool moves extremely quickly compared to other, similar AI tools. For example, when set up with the breast cancer dataset the team used, iStar finished its analysis in just nine minutes. By contrast, the best competitor AI tool took more than 32 hours to come up with a similar analysis.

That means iStar was 213 times faster.

“The implication is that iStar can be applied to a large number of samples, which is critical in large-scale biomedical studies,” Li said. “Its speed is also important for its current extensions in 3D and biobank sample prediction. In the 3D context, a tissue block may involve hundreds to thousands of serially cut tissue slices. The speed of iStar makes it possible to reconstruct this huge amount of spatial data within a short period of time.”

And the same goes for biobanks, which store thousands, if not millions, of samples. This is where Li and her colleagues are next aiming their research and extension of iStar. They hope to help researchers gain better understandings of the microenvironments within tissues, which could provide more data for diagnostic and treatment purposes moving forward.

Source: University of Pennsylvania

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[tumimmtxpapers]

ER-α36 is involved in calycosin inhibition of IL-6 production in macrophages

The tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumour development and progression. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME can promote tumour progression and metastasis by releasing cytokines, such as IL-6. Calycosin, a phytoestrogen that is one of the active compounds in Radix Astragali, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism by which calycosin inhibits tumour growth remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of... http://dlvr.it/SyzVCS

[budandtender]

The Role of Endocannabinoids in Regulating Pancreatic Cancer: A New Frontier

World Pancreatic Cancer Day 16th November 2023

As we commemorate World Pancreatic Cancer Day, it is imperative to shine a light on the latest scientific advancements in understanding this devastating disease. One area that has garnered significant interest is the role of endocannabinoids in regulating pancreatic cancer. While these naturally occurring compounds share some similarities with the active compounds in cannabis, this discussion will focus solely on endocannabinoids produced by our bodies and their potential impact on pancreatic cancer. We will not delve into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD).

Endocannabinoids are lipid-based neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, primarily CB1 and CB2, in the body. These receptors are part of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays a crucial role in various physiological processes including mood, memory, pain sensation, and appetite. Interestingly, recent research has shown that the ECS also plays a significant role in cancer biology.

In the context of pancreatic cancer, studies have revealed that endocannabinoids can influence the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Here's how:

1. Modulation of Cell Proliferation and Survival

Endocannabinoids have been found to regulate cell survival and death pathways, which can directly influence the growth of cancer cells. In pancreatic cancer, endocannabinoids may induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) and inhibit cell proliferation. This could potentially slow down the progression of the disease.

2. Influence on Tumor Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment, the non-cancerous cells surrounding a tumour, plays a critical role in cancer progression. Research has indicated that endocannabinoids can influence the tumour microenvironment, affecting angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels that feed the tumour) and immune responses. This could potentially limit the tumour's ability to grow and spread.

3. Impact on Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion

One of the main challenges with pancreatic cancer is its ability to spread rapidly to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. Studies have suggested that endocannabinoids can inhibit the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, potentially reducing the risk of metastasis.

While these findings are promising, it's important to note that research in this area is still in its early stages. The complex nature of the ECS and its interactions with cancer biology means that there's still much we don't know. For instance, while some studies suggest endocannabinoids can inhibit cancer growth, others indicate they might also promote cancer cell proliferation under certain conditions.

In conclusion, the role of endocannabinoids in regulating pancreatic cancer presents a fascinating new frontier in cancer research. Understanding how these compounds interact with cancer cells could potentially lead to novel therapeutic approaches for this devastating disease. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms at play and translate these findings into clinical practice. As we mark World Pancreatic Cancer Day, let us celebrate the progress made so far and look forward to the promising possibilities that lie ahead.

[bpod-bpod]

Cancer in Context

Colorectal cancer specimens analysed using 3D imaging and other approaches to create an atlas of cell type and molecular interactions in the tumour microenvironment

Read the published research paper here

Video by Jia-Ren Lin, Shu Wang and Shannon Coy, and colleagues

Ludwig Center at Harvard and Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Cell, January 2023

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[jobrxiv]

Postdoc investigating the role of amplified centrosomes in cancer Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London We are recruiting a passionate postdoctoral research to dissect the role of centrosome abnormalities in the tumour microenvironment. See the full job description on jobRxiv: https://jobrxiv.org/job/barts-cancer-institute-queen-mary-university-of-london-27778-postdoc-investigating-the-role-of-amplified-centrosomes-in-cancer/?feed_id=64605 #ScienceJobs #hiring #research London #UnitedKingdomUK #PostdoctoralFellow

[leedsomics]

Single-cell immune multi-omics and repertoire analyses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveal differential immunosuppressive mechanisms within different tumour microenvironments

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an extremely poor prognosis. Understanding the multiple mechanisms by which the tumour evades immune control, and how these mechanisms may be disrupted is critical to developing targeted immunotherapies. Previous studies have shown that higher lymphocyte infiltration is associated with better survival, and here we investigated what mediates these differences. We performed a comprehensive analysis of PDAC-associated immune cells using single cell multi-omics coupled with re-analysis of public PDAC scRNA-seq datasets. We introduce novel single-cell and repertoire analyses that have uncoupled diverse roles and contributions of various immune cell populations within different tumour microenvironments (TMEs). They revealed clear distinctions in the clonal characteristics among different patient groups, provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of immune cell migration and tissue adaptation underlying these disparities. These results point to differential CD4 polarisation of intra-tumoural T cells, differential B cell differentiation, GC reactions, antigen presentation pathways, and distinct cell-cell communication between the myeloid-enriched and adaptive-enriched groups. Overall, we identified two major distinct themes for future immune intervention within PDAC patients between those with higher adaptive versus myeloid immune cell infiltration. http://dlvr.it/SvWZKy

[impossibledeanmakerwombat]

Quantitative Pathology Imaging Market Growth, Trends Analysis Report 2032

 

Quantitative pathology imaging systems visualize, analyze, quantify, and phenotype immune cells in situ in FFPE (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded) tissue sections. These imaging systems are able to screen tumor tissue microarrays (TMA tumors). The available quantitative pathology systems in the market can help in analyzing a basic understanding into the part of resistant cells inside strong tumors and the tumor microenvironment. The global quantitative pathological imaging market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 11.9% from 2022 to 2032, from US$ 2.77 billion to US$ 9.5 billion in valuation.

The recently released Vectra 3.0 (PerkinElmer) combines the Phenochart complete slide watcher with 10x entire slide imaging, allowing analysts to remark on and explore slides with intelligent interfaces to better define the region of interest for precise and detailed multispectral acquisition.

Recent advances in quantitative pathology imaging systems’ multiplexing capabilities enable the distinct identification and evaluation of various biomarkers and reveal the geographical context of a computerised work process, enabling specialists to make better informed decisions.

The integrated inForm analysis software used by the quantitative pathology imaging systems automatically identifies particular types of tissues using patented user-trainable algorithms created to recognise morphological patterns. The quantitative pathology imaging systems detects and measures multiple weakly expressed and overlapping biomarkers.

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Quantitative Pathology Imaging System Market: Drivers and Restraints

The market for quantitative pathology imaging systems is expanding as a result of the rising prevalence of various cancers, new lifestyle trends, an ageing and mature population, and new lifestyle patterns. The current generation of quantitative pathological imaging technologies has important limitations that prevent a thorough and thorough evaluation of immune cells.

With the advent of recently developed quantitative pathology imaging technologies, it is now possible to evaluate immune or tumour cell features with accuracy and to correctly identify the tumour microenvironment. Leading manufacturers recently released quantitative pathology imaging systems that enable pathologists and oncologists leading immuno-oncology research to improve a deeper grasp of the disease causes allied to cutting-edge immunotherapy techniques. The restricted production capacity for quantitative pathological imaging systems has also led to a rise in demand in the commercial sector, which

Increasing research on immune cells within solid tumors is also another factor driving towards the rapid advancement of technology. For example, an European laboratory (HISTALIM) to embrace the automated quantitative pathology imaging system (Vectra Polaris) manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc. which permits researchers or experts to analyze and examine up to seven bio markers on single slide.

Quantitative pathology Imaging System Market: Key Participants

Leica Microsystems, PerkinElmer Inc., and Diagnostic Instruments, Inc. are the industry leaders in quantitative pathology imaging systems. To increase the spread of quantitative pathological imaging systems in the global market, the organisations are mostly focusing on the reliable line of distribution channels and advertising. The study report provides a thorough analysis of the market and is filled with intelligent observations, information, historical facts, and market data that has been statistically backed and verified by the relevant industries. It also includes estimates made utilising the appropriate methodology and set of assumptions. According to market segments including geographical regions, application types, and industries, the research study offers analysis and information.

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North America (U.S., Canada)

Latin America (Mexico. Brazil)

Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, U.K, Spain, Nordic countries, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg)

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The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macroeconomic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies.

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Quantitative Pathology Imaging System Market: Segmentation

Segmentation Based on Component Type

Instruments

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Segmentation Based on End User

Hospitals

Clinics

Pathology Diagnostic Laboratories

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Report Highlights:

Detailed overview of parent market

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Must-have information for market players to sustain and enhance their market footprint.

[rnomics]

#cancers, Vol. 15, Pages 1807: TWEAK/Fn14 Signalling Regulates the Tissue Microenvironment in Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis increases the risk of developing pancreatic #cancer through the upregulation of pathways favouring proliferation, fibrosis, and sustained inflammation. We established in previous studies that the ligand tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) signals through its cognate receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) to regulate these underlying cellular processes in the chronic liver injury niche. However, the role of the TWEAK/Fn14 signalling pathway in pancreatic disease is entirely unknown. An analysis of publicly available datasets demonstrated that the TWEAK receptor Fn14 is upregulated in pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with single cell #RNA sequencing revealing pancreatic ductal cells as the main Fn14 producers. We then used choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet feeding of wildtype C57BL/6J and Fn14 knockout littermates to (a) confirm CDE treatment as a suitable model of chronic pancreatitis and (b) to investigate the role of the TWEAK/Fn14 signalling pathway in pancreatic ductal proliferation, as well as fibrotic and inflammatory cell dynamics. Our time course data obtained at three days, three months, and six months of CDE treatment reveal that a lack of TWEAK/Fn14 signalling significantly inhibits the establishment and progression of the tissue microenvironment in CDE-induced chronic pancreatitis, thus proposing the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway as a novel therapeutic target. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/6/1807?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr

[sisiad]

The OrganiX microfluidic system to recreate the complex tumour microenvironment

http://dlvr.it/T3LQ2y