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thelonguepuree · 6 years ago

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Transcontinental

(for Louis Aragon, in praise of Red Front) Through trembling waves of roadside heat We see the cool green of golf courses Long red awnings catching sunshine Slender rainbows curved above spirals of water Swaying hammocks slung between trees— Like in the movies … America who built this dream Above the ceaseless hiss of passing cars We hear the tinkle of ice in tall glasses Clacks of croquet balls scudding over cropped lawns Silvery crescendos of laughter— Like in the movies On Saturday nights When we used to get paychecks … America who owns this wonderland Lost We hitch-hike down the hot highways Looking for a ride home Yanking tired thumbs at glazed faces Behind the steering wheels of Packards Pierce Arrows Lincolns La Salles Reos Chryslers— Their lips are tight jaws set eyes straight ahead… America America America why turn your face away O for the minute The joyous minute The minute of the hour of that day When the tumbling white ball of our anger Rolling down the cold hill of our lives Swelling like a moving mass of snow Shall crash Shall explode at the bottom of our patience Thundering HALT You shall not pass our begging thumbs America is ours This car is commandeered America is ours Take your ringed fingers from the steering wheel Take your polished shoe off the gas We'll drive and let you be the hitch-hiker We'll show you how to pass 'em up You say we're robbers So what We're bastards So what Sonsofbitches All right chop us into little pieces we don't care Let the wind tousle your hair like ours have been tousled Doesn't the sun's hot hate feel sweet on your back Crook your thumbs and smudge the thin air What kind of a growl does your gut make when meal-time comes At night your hips can learn how soft the pavements are Oh let's do it the good old American way Sportsmanship Buddy Sportsmanship But dear America's a free country Did you say Negroes Oh I don't mean NEEEGROOOES After all Isn't there a limit to everything You wouldn't want your daughter And they say there's no GOD And furthermore it's simply disgraceful how they're discriminating against the children of the rich in Soviet schools PROLETARIAN CHILDREN Good Lord Why if we divided up everything today we'd be just where we are inside of a year The strong and the weak The quick and the slow You understand But Lady even quivering lips can say PLEASE COMRADE MY FATHER WAS A CARPENTER I SWEAR SWEAR HE WAS I WAS NEVER AGAINST THE COMMUNISTS REALLY Fairplay Boys Fairplay America America can every body have the chance to rise from Wall Street to the Comintern America America can every boy have the chance to rise from River—River-side Drive to the General Secretaryship of the Communist Party 100% Justice And Mister don't forget Our hand shall be on the steeering wheel Our feet shall be on the gas And you shall hear the grate of our gears UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE The motor throbs with eager anger UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE We're lurching toward the highway UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE The pavement drops into the past The future smites our face America is ours 10 15 20 30 America America WOORKERSWOORKERS Hop on the runningboard Pile in We're leaving We're leaving Leaving the tired the timid the soft Leaving pimps idlers loungers Leaving empty dinner-pails wage-cuts stretch-outs Leaving the tight-lipped mother and the bare meal-can Leaving the shamed girl and her bastard child Leaving leaving the past leaving The wind filled with leaflets leaflets of freedom Millions and millions of leaflets fluttering Like the wings of a million birds AmericaAmericaAmerica Scaling New England's stubborn hills Spanning the Hudson Waving at Manhattan Waving at New Jersey Throwing a Good Bye kiss to Way Down East Through mine-pirred Pennsylvania Through Maryland Our Maryland Careening over the miles Spinning the steering wheel Taking the curves with determination AmericaAmerica SOFT SHOULDER AHEAD AmericaAmerica KEEP TO THE MIDDLE OF THE ROAD AmericaAmerica The telegraph poles are a solid wall WASHINGTON—90 MILES AmericaAmerica The farms are a storm of green Past rivers past towns 50 60 70 80 AmericaAmerica CITY LIMITS Vaulting Washington's Monument Leaping desks of Senators Ending all bourgeois elections Hurdling desks of Congressmen Fascist flesh sticking to our tires Skidding into the White House Leaving a trail of carbon monoxide for the President Roaring into the East Room Going straight through Lincoln's portrait Letting the light of history through AmericaAmerica Swinging Southward Plunging the radiator into the lynch-mob Giving no warning Slowing Slowing for the sharecroppers Come on You Negroes Come on There's room Not in the back but front seat We're heading for the highway of Self-Determination UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE Dim your lights you Trotskyites UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE Lenin's line is our stream line UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE Through October's windshield we see the road Looping over green hills Dipping toward to-morrow AmericaAmericaAmerica Look back See the tiny threads of our tires leaving hammer and sickle prints upon the pavement See the tree-lined horizon turn slowly in our hearts See the ripe fields Fields ripe as our love See the eastern sky See the white clouds of our hope See the blood-red afterglow in the west Our memory of October See See See the pretty cottages the bungalows the sheltered homes See the packing-box cities the jungles the huts See See See the skyscrapers the clubs the pent-houses See the bread-lines winding winding winding long as our road America America America Tagging Kentucky Tagging Tennessee Into Ohio Into the orchards of Michigan Over the rising and falling dunes of Indiana Across Illinois' glad fields of dancing corn Slowing Comrades Slowing again Slowing for the heart of proletarian America CHICAGO—100 MILES WOORKERSWOORKERS Steel and rail and stock All you sons of Haymarket Swing on We're going your way America is ours UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE The pressure of our tires is blood pounding in our hearts UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE The steam of our courage blows from the radiator-cap UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE The wind screams red songs in our ears 60 70 80 90 AmericaAmericaAmerica Listen Listen to the moans of those whose lives were laughter Listen to the howls of the dogs dispossessed Listen to bureaucratic insects spattering against the windshield Listen to curses rebounding from fear-proof glass Listen to the gravel of hate tingling on our fenders Listen to the raindrops mumbling of yesterday Listen to the wind whistling of to-morrow Listen to our tires humming humming humming hymns of victory AmericaAmericaAmerica Coasting Comrades Coasting Coasting on momentum of Revolution Look Look at that village Like a lonesome egg in the nest of the hills Soon Soon you shall fly all over the hillsides Crowing the new dawn Coasting Indulging in Lenin's dream TUNE IN ON THE RADIO THE WORLD IS LAUGHING Red Baseball Great day in the Morning … the Leninites defeated the Redbirds 3 to 0. Batteries for the Leninites: Kenji Sumarira and Boris Petrovsky. For the Redbirds: Wing Sing and Eddie O'Brien. Homeruns: Hugo Schmidt and Jack Ogletree. Umpires: Pierre Carpentier and Oswald Wallings … The world is laughing The world is laughing … Mike Gold's account of the Revolution sells 26 million copies … 26 million copies … The world is laughing The world is laughing … beginning May 1st the work day is limited to five hours … The world is laughing The world is laughing … last of the landlords liquidated in Texas … The world is laughing The world is laughing Picking up speed to measure the Mississippi AmericaAmericaAmerica Plowing the richness of Iowa soil Into the Wheat Empire Making Minnesota Taking the Dakotas Carrying Nebraska On on toward the Badlands the Rockies the deserts the Golden Gate Slowing once again Comrades Slowing to right a wrong Say You Red Men You Forgotten Men Come out from your tepees Show us Pocahuntus For we love her Bring her from her hiding place Let the sun kiss her eyes Drape her in a shawl of red wool Tuck her in beside us Our arms shall thaw the long cold of her shoulders The lights flash red Comrades let's go UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE The future opens like an ever-widening V UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE We're rolling over titles of red logic UNITEDFRONT—SSSTRIKE We're speeding on wheels of revolution AmericaAmerica Mountain peaks are falling toward us AmericaAmerica Uphill and the earth rises and looms AmericaAmerica Downhill and the earth tilts and sways AmericaAmerica 80 90 100 AmericaAmerica Every factory is a fortress Cities breed soviets AmericaAmerica Plains sprout collective farms Ten thousand Units are meeting America America Resolutions passed unanimously The Red Army is on the march AmericaAmerica Arise, ye prisoners… AmericaAmerica Speed Faster Speed AmericaAmerica Arise, ye wretched… AmericaAmerica Speed Faster Ever Faster America America For Justice America America Thunders AmericaAmericaAmerica — Richard Wright (1936)

#richard wright #transcontinental #poetry #communist poetry #transcontinental richard wright #richard wright transcontinental

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brookstonalmanac · 4 years ago

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Events 11.7

335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. 921 – Treaty of Bonn: The Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler sign a peace treaty or 'pact of friendship' (amicitia), to recognize their borders along the Rhine. 1426 – Lam Sơn uprising: Lam Sơn rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động taking place in Đông Quan, in now Hanoi. 1492 – The Ensisheim meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a known date of impact, strikes the Earth around noon in a wheat field outside the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France. 1619 – Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia. 1665 – The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published. 1775 – John Murray, the Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, starts the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America by issuing Lord Dunmore's Offer of Emancipation, which offers freedom to slaves who abandoned their colonial masters to fight with Murray and the British. 1786 – The oldest musical organization in the United States is founded as the Stoughton Musical Society. 1811 – Tecumseh's War: The Battle of Tippecanoe is fought near present-day Battle Ground, Indiana, United States. 1837 – In Alton, Illinois, abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy is shot dead by a mob while attempting to protect his printing shop from being destroyed a third time. 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive. 1861 – The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia. 1874 – A cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly, is considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the United States Republican Party. 1881 – Mapuche rebels attack the Chilean settlement of Nueva Imperial, as defenders fled to the hills and the settlement was effectively destroyed. 1885 – The completion of Canada's first transcontinental railway is symbolized by the Last Spike ceremony at Craigellachie, British Columbia. 1893 – Women's suffrage: Women in the U.S. state of Colorado are granted the right to vote, the second state to do so. 1900 – Second Boer War: Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses. 1900 – The People's Party is founded in Cuba. 1907 – Jesús García saves the entire town of Nacozari de García by driving a burning train full of dynamite six kilometers (3.7 miles) away before it can explode. 1910 – The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse. 1912 – The Deutsche Opernhaus (now Deutsche Oper Berlin) opens in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg, with a production of Beethoven's Fidelio. 1913 – The first day of the Great Lakes Storm of 1913, a massive blizzard that ultimately killed 250 and caused over $5 million (about $118,098,000 in 2013 dollars) damage. Winds reach hurricane force on this date. 1914 – The German colony of Kiaochow Bay and its centre at Tsingtao are captured by Japanese forces. 1916 – Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress. 1916 – Woodrow Wilson is reelected as President of the United States. 1916 – Boston Elevated Railway Company's streetcar No. 393 smashes through the warning gates of the open Summer Street drawbridge in Boston, Massachusetts, plunging into the frigid waters of Fort Point Channel, killing 46 people. 1917 – The Gregorian calendar date of the October Revolution, which gets its name from the Julian calendar date of 25 October. On this date in 1917, the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace. 1917 – World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends: British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire. 1918 – The 1918 influenza epidemic spreads to Western Samoa, killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year. 1918 – Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Kingdom of Bavaria. 1919 – The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in 23 U.S. cities. 1920 – Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow issues a decree that leads to the formation of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. 1929 – In New York City, the Museum of Modern Art opens to the public. 1931 – The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the October Revolution. 1933 – Fiorello H. La Guardia is elected the 99th mayor of New York City. 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Madrid Defense Council is formed to coordinate the Defense of Madrid against nationalist forces. 1940 – In Tacoma, Washington, the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapses in a windstorm, a mere four months after the bridge's completion. 1941 – World War II: Soviet hospital ship Armenia is sunk by German planes while evacuating refugees and wounded military and staff of several Crimean hospitals. It is estimated that over 5,000 people died in the sinking. 1944 – Soviet spy Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring. 1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt elected for a record fourth term as President of the United States. 1949 – The first oil was taken in Oil Rocks (Neft Daşları), oldest offshore oil platform. 1954 – In the US, Armistice Day becomes Veterans Day. 1956 – Suez Crisis: The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and Israel to immediately withdraw their troops from Egypt. 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: János Kádár returns to Budapest in a Soviet armored convoy, officially taking office as the next Hungarian leader. By this point, most armed resistance has been defeated. 1957 – Cold War: The Gaither Report calls for more American missiles and fallout shelters. 1967 – Carl B. Stokes is elected as Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the first African American mayor of a major American city. 1967 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. 1972 – 1972 United States presidential election: U.S. President Richard Nixon is re-elected in the largest landslide victory at the time. 1973 – The United States Congress overrides President Richard M. Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval. 1975 – In Bangladesh, a joint force of people and soldiers takes part in an uprising led by Colonel Abu Taher that ousts and kills Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf, freeing the then house-arrested army chief and future president Maj-Gen. Ziaur Rahman. 1983 – United States Senate bombing: A bomb explodes inside the United States Capitol. No one is injured, but an estimated $250,000 in damage is caused. 1987 – In Tunisia, president Habib Bourguiba is overthrown and replaced by Prime Minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. 1989 – Douglas Wilder wins the governor's seat in Virginia, becoming the first elected African American governor in the United States. 1989 – David Dinkins becomes the first African American to be elected Mayor of New York City. 1989 – East German Prime Minister Willi Stoph, along with his entire cabinet, is forced to resign after huge anti-government protests. 1990 – Mary Robinson becomes the first woman to be elected President of the Republic of Ireland. 1991 – Magic Johnson announces that he is HIV-positive and retires from the NBA. 1994 – WXYC, the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provides the world's first internet radio broadcast. 1996 – NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor. 2000 – Controversial US presidential election that is later resolved in the Bush v. Gore Supreme Court Case, electing George W. Bush the 43rd President of the United States. 2000 – The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration discovers one of the country's largest LSD labs inside a converted military missile silo in Wamego, Kansas. 2004 – Iraq War: The interim government of Iraq calls for a 60-day "state of emergency" as U.S. forces storm the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah. 2007 – Jokela school shooting in Tuusula, Finland, resulting in the death of nine people. 2012 – An earthquake off the Pacific coast of Guatemala kills at least 52 people. 2017 – Shamshad TV is attacked by armed gunmen and suicide bombers. A security guard was killed and 20 people were wounded. ISIS claims responsibility for the attack.

#Events

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brodiefguckfield · 4 years ago

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Avenue south residences condo

Richard's grandmother joins the family in Chicago and together they move to an apartment at 4804 Z St Lawrence Avenue, near the railroad tracks. His mother's paralysis then returns once more after an attack of encephalitis. When Richard is laid off by the hospital in the summer of 1934 he works again as a street sweeper and ditch digger after which he is hired to supervise a youth club organized to counter juvenile delinquency among blacks on the Southside.

He attends the first American Writers' Congress held in New York in April where he spoke on "The Isolation of the Negro Writer" and meets Chicago novelist James T. Farrell and becomes one of the fifty members of the national council of the newly formed League of American Writers.

He attends two other writers' congresses: the Middle West Writers' Congress in August and the National Congress of the John Reed Clubs in September. He was already reading Henry James, more especially the prefaces to the New York edition, Gertrude Stein, William Faulkner, T..S. Eliot, Sherwood Anderson, Dos Passos, Eugene O'Neil, Stephen Crane, Dreiser, Walt Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, D.H Lawrence, Joseph Conrad, John Galsworthy, Thomas Hardy, ,Charles Dickens, George Moore, Carlyle, Avenue south residences condo Jonathan Swift, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Turgenev, Chekhov, Proust, Alexander Dumas, and Balzac.

In November he lectures on the career of Langston Hughes to the Indianapolis John Reed Club.

Wright publishes a poem "Between the World and Me" about lynching in the Partisan Review. He falls seriously ill with pneumonia in the summer. His article "Avant-Garde Writing" won second prize in a contest sponsored by two literary magazines but is never published.

His grandmother dies and the family with Wright still virtually its sole support moves to 3743 Indiana Avenue. He is then hired by the Federal Writers Project as part of the Works Progress Administration to help research the history of ILLINOIS and of the Negro in Chicago for the Illinois volume in the American Guide Series. He also discusses the influence of Hemingway with fellow writers in the federal project.

In 1936, Wright publishes "Transcontinental" a six-page radical poem influenced by Walt Whitman and Louis Aragon in International Literature. He also becomes principal organizer of the communist -party-sponsored National Negro Congress held in Chicago.

Thereafter, the Party leaders decide to disband all clubs and assign writers to composing party pamphlets and other propaganda. Richard begins to detach himself from the party.

Buddy Nealson, a member of the Communist International, is sent to Chicago to take over the black Communist movement. Nealson launches a campaign to rid the party as well as th club of all "Negro Trotskyite elements," or traitors to the party.

In 1935, Richard attends a party conference in New York where white communists rescinded an offer to find housing for him. Richard realizes it is because he is black and is shocked that. even within the Communist Party, racism exists. At that point, even Richard's notion that the Communist party has achieved his goal of racial unity is broken. To make matters worse, Wright was quickly denounced as a bourgeois intellectual by black communists who were perturbed that Wright did not speak as they did, even though he had been forced, by circumstance, to end his public education after the completion of grammar school.

Dejected, Richard is defeated in the vote to maintain clubs and the John Reed Clubs are officially dissolved.

Free of party relations, Richard turns to his writing. He becomes aware that Buddy Nealson has accused him of being a party degenerate and a traitor. One day, Ed Green stops by to tell Richard that Buddy Nealson wishes to speak to him. When Richard goes to meet him, Nealson tries to recruit Richard back into the party to win the fight against Fascists. He orders Richard to organize a committee against the high cost of living. Though he wants to, Richard cannot bring himself to quit. He accepts the task.

One day, he is called to another meeting with Nealson and one of his friends, named Smith who wishes to send Richard on a task in Switzerland, which Richard rejects. At the next unit meeting, Richard officially resigns from the party. The party shuns Richard and he is accused of being involved in a Trotskyite group. He is transferred from his work at the South Side Boys' Club to work in the Federal Negro Theatre as a publicity agent. Working with a talented Jewish director named Charles DeSheim, Richard sees that the theater's talents are going to waste and sets him on producing a series of one-act plays about Negro life. But the actors picket, forcing DeSheim and Richard to accept their papers and leave the theater.

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pretty-prima-blog · 7 years ago

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Some Of The Most Famous Phone Calls In History

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Some Of The Most Famous Phone Calls In History

Considering how much telephone use has developed and changed in the last decade, it is remarkable to think how this seemingly simple invention has transformed the world. Today, more people have mobile phones than traditional landlines in the UK, and sending SMS text messages is just as popular as making actual calls, but the act of picking up a phone and speaking to someone hundreds or even thousands of miles away is not dead yet. Some of the most important conversations in recent history have been had over the phone, here are some examples.

Undoubtedly the most famous phone call ever made has to be Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone call to Thomas A. Watson in January 1876. Bell successfully made the world’s first telephone call to Watson over a two-mile stretch of wire between Boston and Cambridge. Edinburgh-born inventor Bell took his new invention even further by calling Watson over a distance of 3,400 miles in 1915 – from New York to San Francisco, marking the world’s first transcontinental phone call.

Perhaps it was thanks to the ever-decreasing cost of making phone calls, or just to get into the record books, but the title of the longest phone call ever goes to Cornishman Tony Wright, who talked on the phone for 40 straight hours in 2007. Beating the previous record by a clear minute, Wright cleverly used an internet telephone to avoid the potentially huge phone bill.

When you are the President of the USA, all eyes are on who the first person you telephone is, and last year’s phone call from newly elected President Obama to President Abbas not only suggested that the Middle East was a top priority for the President, but it also signified an era of peace to the world’s media. This is not the first time a US President has made a historical phone call, though, as Richard Nixon made perhaps the most famous phone call of any President in 1969. Just after astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon, President Nixon telephoned them directly from the White House, in what is still one of the most famous phone calls in history.

A celebration was held in London last year to mark the 50th anniversary of the first ever telephone call made without the aid of an operator. The Queen made the call herself to the Lord Provost of Edinburgh from the newly built central exchange headquarters in Bristol in 1958. The phone call, which has gone down in history as one of the most important advances in telecommunications, was short and sweet, with the Queen simply introducing herself and stating her location for the Provost. Now, cheap calls can be made from almost anywhere, thanks to internet telephone.

For all the wrong reasons, shock DJ Howard Stern has made a name for himself as one of the most creative and prolific prank callers around. The radio DJ has made the headlines many times for his imaginative and often offensive calls to unwitting celebrities, like Oscar winning actor Jamie Foxx.

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thereaderscafenetwork-blog · 7 years ago

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Some Of The Most Famous Phone Calls In History

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Some Of The Most Famous Phone Calls In History

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zuranimukherjeenudexn · 7 years ago

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Some Of The Most Famous Phone Calls In History

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Some Of The Most Famous Phone Calls In History

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lightningwolf66 · 7 years ago

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Some Of The Most Famous Phone Calls In History

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Some Of The Most Famous Phone Calls In History

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vernicle · 8 years ago

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Floyd Bennett Field

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There are an escalating variety of New York place airports, including all those on Prolonged Island, in Westchester County, and in New Jersey, yet handful of are in a position to name New York City's very 1st airport. Even much less are in a position to describe why it no extended exists. That airport is Floyd Bennett Discipline and it has had a few distinctive historical phases.

Tracing its origins to Lindbergh's historic, New York-Paris solo flight, it had alerted the entire world to the point that the aircraft had not departed from New York at all, but from Prolonged Island as a substitute, and that the only true "New York" airport had been positioned throughout the condition line, in New Jersey. Hence indicating the need for a devoted, New York-positioned, municipal airport, it had led to the institution of a panel headed by famed aviator Clarence D. Chamberlain to lookup for a ideal web page for one.

The subsequently picked locale, a 387-acre marsh on Barren Island south of Brooklyn, New York, had housed a little community, a horse-rendering plant, and the correctly-named, single-dust runway Barren Island Airport, which had been owned by Paul Rizzo and had been utilised for periodic passenger sightseeing flights. The web page, portion of 33 tiny islands, enjoyed favorable winds, lacked strategy obstructions, had been predominantly fog-free, and offered wide expanses for foreseeable future progress. The airport, supposed as a condition-of-the-art gateway to what had been regarded one of the world's biggest metropolitan areas, had been named "Floyd Bennett Discipline" right after the Brooklyn resident and naval aviator who had served as Richard E. Byrd's pilot on his historic North Pole flight in 1926. Both had received the Congressional Medal of Honor for the feat.

Construction, by the Metropolis Office of Docks, coincidentally transpired on Oct 29, 1929, the similar day that the stock sector had crashed, and entailed the relationship of the islets by filling in their interspersing channels with 6 million cubic toes of sand pumped from the base of Jamaica Bay and elevating its resultant elevation 16 toes over the tidewater, to hook up it to Prolonged Island.

Runway fifteen-33, spanning 3,100 toes, and Runway 6-24, at 4,000 toes, had constituted the airport's 1st topographical building assignments, alongside with a taxiway. Through the two-12 months period involving 1929 and 1931, four pairs of hangars had similarly risen from the former marshes: internally measuring 120 by a hundred and forty toes, the metal body structures showcased trussed, arched roofs, concrete slab floors, and picket decks, and had been supported by forty five-foot-very long pre-solid concrete piles.

A neo-Georgian-fashion, pink and black brick, two-tale Administration Creating, concluded in 1931, had been sandwiched involving the now-prolonged, airport obtainable Flatbush Avenue and the runways, and showcased a semi-octagonal, a few-floored, projecting handle booth of glass and metal atop it. The creating had also served as the passenger terminal.

Floyd Bennett Discipline, which had been given the a few-letter IATA code of "NOP," had been devoted on June 26, 1930 amid a flying armada of 600 US Military Air Corps aircraft led by Charles Lindbergh and Jimmy Doolittle and attended by a 25,000-powerful group. The airport, which had officially opened a 12 months later on Could 23, 1931, had been given the US Office of Commerce A-one-A rating, its maximum, because of its hitherto sophisticated services: its modern-day terminal, paved runways, and their lights devices for nighttime operations.

These services, attracting an escalating variety of popular, "Golden Age" pilots such as Wiley Article, Jacqueline Cochran, Roscoe Turner, Amelia Earhart, Howard Hughes, and Clarence Chamberlain, enabled them to start or terminate document velocity and length flights listed here because of its strategic, east price locale and very long runways, which had permitted superior gasoline load gross excess weight acquire offs to be executed.

Require dictated enlargement. In 1936, two more runways had been concluded: 3,five hundred-foot Runway one-19 and 3,200-foot Runway 12-thirty. The first Runway fifteen-33 had also been lengthened to 3,five hundred toes at this time. Between 1936 and 1938, the Operates Development Administration had produced further support wings involving every hangar to home device shops and routine maintenance services.

Although Floyd Bennett Discipline had turn out to be the United State's 2nd-busiest airport two years right after it had opened, with 51,828 yearly acquire offs and landings, handful of of them had constituted industrial operations which normally transported passengers, baggage, cargo, and mail. Mayor Fiorello La Guardia had frequently tried to establish the facility as New York's principle municipal airfield, usurping the part performed by Newark in New Jersey, but given that passenger profits had then only been incremental to a carrier's profitability, and not integral to it, like that of the mail, and given that the US Postal Provider alone had refused to transfer its New York operations heart from Newark to Floyd Bennett Discipline, the airport could hardly ever turn out to be the viable industrial facility envisioned throughout its inception. Other than American Airlines' short term relocation, it had principally remained a Common Aviation airfield.

However, the most important chapters of aviation's Golden Age had been prepared listed here. Between 1931 and 1939, ten noteworthy cross-region and 16 transatlantic and spherical-the-entire world flights had all originated or terminated from the marsh-to-concrete remodeled patch appendaged to southern Brooklyn.

In July of 1931, for occasion, a Bellanca CH Pacer, a superior-wing monoplane powered by a single, three hundred-hp Wright J-6 Whirlwind engine, had recognized a length document of five,011.eight miles when it had flown from Floyd Bennett Discipline to Istanbul, Turkey. On August 29 of the adhering to 12 months, a Pratt and Whitney Wasp Junior-powered Waddell Williams had recognized a new transcontinental velocity document of 10.19 hours on its flight to Los Angeles. In July of 1933, Wiley Article had flown a Pratt and Whitney Wasp-engined Lockheed Vega named "Winnie Mae" around the entire world in 7 times, 18 hours, 49 minutes, and thirty seconds. He had also been the 1st to circumnavigate the globe solo, covering fifteen,596 miles in four times, 19 hours, and 36 minutes.

Wings had stretched from Brooklyn as much as the Center East. In August, for instance, an Hispano-Suiza-powered Bleriot one hundred ten had flown the five,657.4 miles to Syria in fifty five hours.

By 1934, eight transatlantic flights had transpired from Floyd Bennett Discipline and quite a few successively improved transcontinental types. Key James H. Doolittle, piloting a Wright Cyclone-powered American Vultee, had notched up a transcontinental document for a passenger transportation group aircraft, completing the Los Angeles-New York sector in eleven.59 hours. A 2nd transportation group document had been obtained in April of that 12 months when a TWA DC-one had flown from Burbank in eleven hours, five minutes, forty five seconds. Douglas DC-1s subsequently recognized 22 velocity documents from Floyd Bennett Discipline with superior gross weights, simulating industrial transportation payload and array capabilities.

One particular 12 months later, on April 21, 1936, Howard Hughes had recognized an intercity velocity document when he had flown a Wright Cyclone-powered Northrop Gamma involving Miami and Brooklyn in four hours, 21 minutes, 32 seconds. Afterwards in that 12 months, in Oct, a Bellanca Flash, powered by a Pratt and Whitney Wasp engine, had flown to Newfoundland and London-Croydon in 13 hours, seventeen minutes.

Howard Hughes, using the highlight again in 1938, had piloted a Lockheed 14N Super Electra, powered by two Pratt and Whitney 900-hp Wright Cyclones, on a document-breaking world wide circumnavigation, completing the flight in a few times, 19 hours, eight minutes, and ten seconds.

Potentially the most popular flight blunder, or so it is alleged, also transpired that July when Douglas Corrigan, who had been denied authorization to fly to Europe, filed a flight approach to California as a substitute. After using off in his Curtiss Robin, powered by a one hundred sixty five-hp Wright Whirlwind J-6 engine, the aircraft proceeded nonstop to Ireland in 28 hours, 13 minutes, allegedly because of to "compass problems," thus earning him the nickname of "Mistaken Way Corrigan."

The Germans had flown to Floyd Bennett Discipline in 24 hours, fifty minutes, 12 seconds in August of 1938 when their Focke-Wulf Fw-200 prototype, powered by four 875-hp Hornet engines, had created the crossing from Berlin. The return journey had been concluded in 19 hours, fifty five minutes, one 2nd, beating Wiley Post's document by five and a 50 % hours.

Irrespective of all this exercise, New York's 1st municipal airport, supposed as an spectacular gateway to the world's most spectacular town, hardly ever formulated into its supposed posture, remaining a Common Aviation airfield as a substitute. Many explanations could be cited as to why.

The US Postal Service's March 22, 1936 rejection of Floyd Bennett Field's air terminal application signaled the airport's major and most definitive demise knoll.

Flatbush Avenue had served as its only ground access.

Newark Airport had furnished higher transportation one-way links to Manhattan.

The airport had commenced building and tried to function inside of the Good Depression.

Air travel had not yet been accepted as a general public transportation signifies.

Air travel fares had been prohibitive to the basic general public.

It would later turn out to be La Guardia Airport.

Floyd Bennett Field's 2nd substitution, the much larger-place Idlewild Airport, similarly positioned on Jamaica Bay, would also shortly be designed.

Floyd Bennett Field's previous industrial flight departed on Could 26, 1941, but with war clouds draping on their own over considerably of the entire world, it had extracted more than rain from them: it had adopted a new goal.

War-sparked enlargement of the US Navy, which had 1st occupied Floyd Bennett Field's Hangar five and later Hangar one, resulted in the eventual $nine million sale of the airfield by the Metropolis of New York to it, and on June 2, 1941, it had been re-selected "Naval Air Station New York."

Because of its proximity to New York and Prolonged Island naval aircraft brands, amongst them Probability-Vought, Common Motors, and Grumman, it had logically been the closest airport which could accept, test, and ferry their layouts to their respective overcome theaters, processing everything from amphibious patrol aircraft to aircraft carrier-based mostly fighters and bombers. By 1943, the course of action had been concluded in as handful of as a few times.

The war had necessitated considerable airport infrastructure enlargement. The first Runway fifteen-33, for instance, had been lengthened to 4,five hundred-foot taxiway T-10 by 1942. The 2nd runway to have been produced, 6-24, had similarly been converted into taxiways T-one and T-2, and had been replaced by a new, five,000-foot runway with the similar magnetic compass headings. Runway one-19 had also been lengthened to five,000 toes that 12 months and would later turn out to be the airport's longest when it had been prolonged to seven,000 toes. And Runway 12-thirty had also been expanded to five,000 toes and, even now later, to five,five hundred toes.

Apart from the fixed-wing aircraft things to do, the Navy had recognized the world's 1st helicopter education facility at Naval Air Station New York for air-sea rescue operations with Sikorsky R-4 helicopters, apply sorties having transpired specifically off of the airport in Jamaica Bay. Military air Corps, Coastline Guard, Navy, and Royal Navy pilots had all educated listed here right before having been sent to the China-Burma-India and Pacific Theaters.

PBY Catalinas and other patrol aircraft had routinely flown from Naval Air Station New York to escort and shield the ships transporting elements for the Lend-Lease Method from subsurface German U-boats.

Navy WAVES, or Women of all ages Acknowledged for Volunteer Outstanding Provider, directed visitors to and from the airfield by working radio products in the handle tower.

Through Environment War II, the air station, having served as the base for numerous Atlantic Fleet units, a few submarine patrol squadrons, a Scout Observation Provider unit, and two Naval Air Transport Provider squadrons, had turn out to be the busiest and had processed more than 46,000 aircraft.

The airport had turn out to be a submit-war reserve station, enjoying roles in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and had served as the base for the Air Nationwide Guard throughout the Cold War. It had also been the locale of civilian pilot, flight engineer, and mechanic education.

When all these armed forces conflicts had in the end been resolved, on the other hand, the air station's goal had progressively diminished.

Decommissioned and no extended lively as possibly a industrial or Common Aviation airport, Floyd Bennett Discipline had been transferred to the Nationwide Park Provider in 1972, getting to be a portion of its Gateway Nationwide Recreation Space. One particular of the 1st urban parks in the Nationwide Park Process, it encompasses a few units in two states: the Jamaica Bay Unit in Brooklyn, New York the Staten Island Unit in Staten Island, New York and the Sandy Hook Unit in New Jersey.

Floyd Bennett Field's only air exercise, other than an occasional air show, is that of the New York Metropolis Police Office which bases its fleet of Bell Jet Ranger helicopters listed here and takes advantage of portion of one of the former runways for operational uses. As a heliport, it is selected "NY22."

Four of the eight first hangars had been adapted for concession reuse in 2006.

The former Administration Creating/Passenger Terminal, now selected the William Fitts Ryan Visitor Heart, is open to the general public and, while its halls and rooms present tiny more than interpretive displays and a little gift shop, one can even now climb the concrete stairs at the building's façade the place passengers had transferred from taxis, automobiles, and buses, and enter the central lobby, which had been the locale of the passenger check-in services. Soon after depositing and weighing their baggage, and obtaining a boarding folder, they had then exited the aft doors to the observation balcony which had ignored the propeller-spinning aircraft on the ramp awaiting them and accessed by portable boarding stairs. Baggage had been wheeled by cart from the building's decrease stage up the substantially inclined ramp and throughout the field to the aircraft alone. The handle tower had been specifically over them, atop the terminal.

Although the creating is now quiet and deserted, one can even now feeling the era's historical past it had absorbed, of the existence scenarios enacted in it and facilitated by it. Its silence ironically tells its tale, serving as the line of contrast involving what had been and what no extended was.

Its inner roadways, at the time Floyd Bennett Field's runway and taxiway infrastructure, even now bear their magnetic compass headings and can be freely pushed.

Throughout from the Visitor Heart, on the east aspect and at considerable length by way of former Runway 6-24, is yet another general public-obtainable creating, Hangar B. Manufactured by the Navy throughout Environment War II for its VRF-4 base, one of Naval Air Station New York's Naval Air Ferry Command squadrons, it had been utilised as a Naval Air Reserve education facility to get ready pilots and ground crews for the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Disaster, and the Vietnam War. Now utilised by the Nationwide Park Service's Volunteer-In-Park Method Historic Plane Restoration Job (HARP) devoted, given that 1995, to preserving aviation historical past at Floyd Bennett Discipline and deciphering its part, it houses a collection of both fixed wing and rotary aircraft which stand for the airport's two principle eras—its Municipal Airport position from 1931 to 1941 and its Naval Air Station functionality from 1941 to 1971—and the five products and services which had operated from it: the Air Nationwide Guard, the New York Metropolis Police Office, the US Coastline Guard, the US Maritime Corps, and the US Navy.

Floyd Bennett Discipline, a tiny parcel of land which had been remodeled from marsh to concrete, and had performed important roles in New York's Golden Age and armed forces aviation eras, has been lowered to silence and inactivity as it now sits in the shadow of its substitution, JFK International Airport, from which mulitple, European-bound normally takes offs routinely take place, a shadow from which all those European-bound flights had ironically been confirmed. As such, it had served as a stage the place a quick, but important piece of New York aviation historical past had been acted out, leaving only its memory and its effects—indeed, and in essence, the very goal of the world alone, proving that, when a existence cycle has been concluded and has fulfilled its goal, that it can only pave the way for all those to stick to, but can hardly ever be reused alone.

[ad_2] Source by Robert G. Waldvogel

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brookstonalmanac · 5 years ago

Text

Events 11.7

335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. 921 – Treaty of Bonn: The Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler sign a peace treaty or 'pact of friendship' (amicitia), to recognize their borders along the Rhine. 1426 – Lam Sơn uprising: Lam Sơn rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động taking place in Đông Quan, in now Hanoi. 1492 – The Ensisheim meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a known date of impact, strikes the Earth around noon in a wheat field outside the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France. 1619 – Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia. 1665 – The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published. 1775 – John Murray, the Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, starts the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America by issuing Lord Dunmore's Offer of Emancipation, which offers freedom to slaves who abandoned their colonial masters to fight with Murray and the British. 1786 – The oldest musical organization in the United States is founded as the Stoughton Musical Society. 1811 – Tecumseh's War: The Battle of Tippecanoe is fought near present-day Battle Ground, Indiana, United States. 1837 – In Alton, Illinois, abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy is shot dead by a mob while attempting to protect his printing shop from being destroyed a third time. 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive. 1861 – The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia. 1874 – A cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly, is considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the United States Republican Party. 1885 – The completion of Canada's first transcontinental railway is symbolized by the Last Spike ceremony at Craigellachie, British Columbia. 1893 – Women's suffrage: Women in the U.S. state of Colorado are granted the right to vote, the second state to do so. 1900 – Second Boer War: Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses. 1900 – The People's Party is founded in Cuba. 1907 – Jesús García saves the entire town of Nacozari de García by driving a burning train full of dynamite six kilometers (3.7 miles) away before it can explode. 1908 – Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid are reportedly killed in San Vicente Canton, Bolivia. 1910 – The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse. 1912 – The Deutsche Opernhaus (now Deutsche Oper Berlin) opens in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg, with a production of Beethoven's Fidelio. 1913 – The first day of the Great Lakes Storm of 1913, a massive blizzard that ultimately killed 250 and caused over $5 million (about $118,098,000 in 2013 dollars) damage. Winds reach hurricane force on this date. 1914 – The first issue of The New Republic is published. 1914 – The German colony of Kiaochow Bay and its centre at Tsingtao are captured by Japanese forces. 1916 – Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress. 1916 – Boston Elevated Railway Company's streetcar No. 393 smashes through the warning gates of the open Summer Street drawbridge in Boston, Massachusetts, plunging into the frigid waters of Fort Point Channel, killing 46 people.[1] 1917 – The Gregorian calendar date of the October Revolution, which gets its name from the Julian calendar date of 25 October. On this date in 1917, the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace. 1917 – World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends: British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire. 1918 – The 1918 influenza epidemic spreads to Western Samoa, killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year. 1918 – Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Kingdom of Bavaria. 1919 – The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in 23 U.S. cities. 1920 – Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow issues a decree that leads to the formation of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. 1929 – In New York City, the Museum of Modern Art opens to the public. 1931 – The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the October Revolution. 1933 – Fiorello H. La Guardia is elected the 99th mayor of New York City. 1940 – In Tacoma, Washington, the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapses in a windstorm, a mere four months after the bridge's completion. 1941 – World War II: Soviet hospital ship Armenia is sunk by German planes while evacuating refugees and wounded military and staff of several Crimean hospitals. It is estimated that over 5,000 people died in the sinking. 1944 – Soviet spy Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring. 1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt elected for a record fourth term as President of the United States of America. 1949 – The first oil was taken in Oil Rocks (Neft Daşları), oldest offshore oil platform. 1954 – In the US, Armistice Day becomes Veterans Day. 1956 – Suez Crisis: The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and Israel to immediately withdraw their troops from Egypt. 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: János Kádár returns to Budapest in a Soviet armored convoy, officially taking office as the next Hungarian leader. By this point, most armed resistance has been defeated. 1957 – Cold War: The Gaither Report calls for more American missiles and fallout shelters. 1967 – Carl B. Stokes is elected as Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the first African American mayor of a major American city. 1967 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. 1972 – US President Richard Nixon is re-elected President. 1973 – The United States Congress overrides President Richard M. Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval. 1975 – In Bangladesh, a joint force of people and soldiers takes part in an uprising led by Colonel Abu Taher that ousts and kills Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf, freeing the then house-arrested army chief and future president Maj-Gen. Ziaur Rahman. 1983 – United States Senate bombing: A bomb explodes inside the United States Capitol. No one is injured, but an estimated $250,000 in damage is caused. 1987 – In Tunisia, president Habib Bourguiba is overthrown and replaced by Prime Minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. 1989 – Douglas Wilder wins the governor's seat in Virginia, becoming the first elected African American governor in the United States. 1989 – David Dinkins becomes the first African American to be elected Mayor of New York City. 1989 – East German Prime Minister Willi Stoph, along with his entire cabinet, is forced to resign after huge anti-government protests. 1990 – Mary Robinson becomes the first woman to be elected President of the Republic of Ireland. 1991 – Magic Johnson announces that he is HIV-positive and retires from the NBA. 1994 – WXYC, the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provides the world's first internet radio broadcast. 1996 – NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor. 2000 – Controversial US presidential election that is later resolved in the Bush v. Gore Supreme Court Case, electing George W. Bush the 43rd President of the United States. 2000 – The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration discovers one of the country's largest LSD labs inside a converted military missile silo in Wamego, Kansas. 2004 – Iraq War: The interim government of Iraq calls for a 60-day "state of emergency" as U.S. forces storm the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah. 2007 – Jokela school shooting in Tuusula, Finland, resulting in the death of nine people. 2012 – An earthquake off the Pacific coast of Guatemala kills at least 52 people. 2017 – Shamshad TV is attacked by armed gunmen and suicide bombers. A security guard was killed and 20 people were wounded. ISIS claims responsibility for the attack.

#Events

0 notes

brookstonalmanac · 7 years ago

Text

Events 11.7

335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. 921 – Treaty of Bonn: The Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler sign a peace treaty or 'pact of friendship' (amicitia), to recognize their borders along the Rhine. 1426 – Lam Sơn uprising: Lam Sơn rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động taking place in Đông Quan, in now Hanoi. 1492 – The Ensisheim meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a known date of impact, strikes the Earth around noon in a wheat field outside the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France. 1619 – Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia. 1665 – The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published. 1775 – John Murray, the Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, starts the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America by issuing Lord Dunmore's Offer of Emancipation, which offers freedom to slaves who abandoned their colonial masters to fight with Murray and the British. 1786 – The oldest musical organization in the United States is founded as the Stoughton Musical Society. 1811 – Tecumseh's War: The Battle of Tippecanoe is fought near present-day Battle Ground, Indiana, United States. 1837 – In Alton, Illinois, abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy is shot dead by a mob while attempting to protect his printing shop from being destroyed a third time. 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive. 1861 – The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia. 1874 – A cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly, is considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the United States Republican Party. 1885 – The completion of Canada's first transcontinental railway is symbolized by the Last Spike ceremony at Craigellachie, British Columbia. 1893 – Women's suffrage: Women in the U.S. state of Colorado are granted the right to vote, the second state to do so. 1900 – Second Boer War:Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses. 1900 – The People's Party is founded in Cuba. 1907 – Jesús García saves the entire town of Nacozari de García by driving a burning train full of dynamite six kilometers (3.7 miles) away before it can explode. 1908 – Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid are reportedly killed in San Vicente Canton, Bolivia. 1910 – The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse. 1912 – The Deutsche Opernhaus (now Deutsche Oper Berlin) opens in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg, with a production of Beethoven's Fidelio. 1913 – The first day of the Great Lakes Storm of 1913, a massive blizzard that ultimately killed 250 and caused over $5 million (about $118,098,000 in 2013 dollars) damage. Winds reach hurricane force on this date. 1914 – The first issue of The New Republic is published. 1914 – The German colony of Kiaochow Bay and its centre at Tsingtao are captured by Japanese forces. 1916 – Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress. 1916 – Boston Elevated Railway Company's streetcar No. 393 smashes through the warning gates of the open Summer Street drawbridge in Boston, Massachusetts, plunging into the frigid waters of Fort Point Channel, killing 46 people. 1917 – The Gregorian calendar date of the October Revolution, which gets its name from the Julian calendar date of 25 October. On this date in 1917, the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace. 1917 – World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends: British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire. 1918 – The 1918 influenza epidemic spreads to Western Samoa, killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year. 1918 – Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Kingdom of Bavaria. 1919 – The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in 23 U.S. cities. 1920 – Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow issues a decree that leads to the formation of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. 1929 – In New York City, the Museum of Modern Art opens to the public. 1931 – The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the October Revolution. 1933 – Fiorello H. La Guardia is elected the 99th mayor of New York City. 1940 – In Tacoma, Washington, the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapses in a windstorm, a mere four months after the bridge's completion. 1941 – World War II: Soviet hospital ship Armenia is sunk by German planes while evacuating refugees and wounded military and staff of several Crimean hospitals. It is estimated that over 5,000 people died in the sinking. 1944 – Soviet spy Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring. 1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt elected for a record fourth term as President of the United States of America. 1949 – The first oil was taken in Oil Rocks (Neft Daşları), oldest offshore oil platform. 1956 – Suez Crisis: The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and Israel to immediately withdraw their troops from Egypt. 1957 – Cold War: The Gaither Report calls for more American missiles and fallout shelters. 1967 – Carl B. Stokes is elected as Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the first African American mayor of a major American city. 1967 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. 1973 – The United States Congress overrides President Richard M. Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval. 1975 – In Bangladesh, a joint force of people and soldiers takes part in an uprising led by Colonel Abu Taher that ousts and kills Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf, freeing the then house-arrested army chief and future president Maj-Gen. Ziaur Rahman. 1983 – United States Senate bombing: A bomb explodes inside the United States Capitol. No one is injured, but an estimated $250,000 in damage is caused. 1987 – In Tunisia, president Habib Bourguiba is overthrown and replaced by Prime Minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. 1989 – Douglas Wilder wins the governor's seat in Virginia, becoming the first elected African American governor in the United States. 1989 – David Dinkins becomes the first African American to be elected Mayor of New York City. 1989 – East German Prime Minister Willi Stoph, along with his entire cabinet, is forced to resign after huge anti-government protests. 1990 – Mary Robinson becomes the first woman to be elected President of the Republic of Ireland. 1991 – Magic Johnson announces that he is infected with HIV and retires from the NBA. 1994 – WXYC, the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provides the world's first internet radio broadcast. 1996 – NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor. 2000 – Controversial US presidential election that is later resolved in the Bush v. Gore Supreme Court Case, electing George W. Bush the 43rd President of the United States. 2000 – The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration discovers one of the country's largest LSD labs inside a converted military missile silo in Wamego, Kansas. 2004 – Iraq War: The interim government of Iraq calls for a 60-day "state of emergency" as U.S. forces storm the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah. 2007 – Jokela school shooting in Tuusula, Finland, resulting in the death of nine people. 2012 – An earthquake off the Pacific coast of Guatemala kills at least 52 people.

#Events

0 notes