#trademark class finder

[corpbiz-advisor]

Discover how a trademark class finder streamlines brand registration, saves time, ensures accuracy, and simplifies trademark renewal for lasting brand protection.

[legal-blogs]

[vakilsearch01]

How to classify my goods / services?

If you want to register your trademark for a range of goods and services, you must include a list of those goods and services in your application. The categories in which the goods and services fall must be listed. As well as the trademark class(es) to which they belong, you should also state the number. Listed below is the general classification for the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 11th edition Nice Classification, which will be used in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region starting on 1 January, 2022, and will guide you to determine what class(es) your goods and services fall under.

Goods

Class 1

Chemicals for use in industry, science and photography, as well as in agriculture, horticulture and forestry; unprocessed artificial resins, unprocessed plastics; fire extinguishing and fire prevention compositions; tempering and soldering preparations; substances for tanning animal skins and hides; adhesives for use in industry; putties and other paste fillers; compost, manures, fertilizers; biological preparations for use in industry and science.

Class 2

Paints, varnishes, lacquers; preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood; colorants, dyes; inks for printing, marking and engraving; raw natural resins; metals in foil and powder form for use in painting, decorating, printing and art.

Class 3

Non-medicated cosmetics and toiletry preparations; non-medicated dentifrices; perfumery, essential oils; bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations.

Class 4

Industrial oils and greases, wax; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels and illuminants; candles and wicks for lighting.

Class 5

Pharmaceuticals, medical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for babies; dietary supplements for human beings and animals; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides

Class 6

Common metals and their alloys, ores; metal materials for building and construction; transportable buildings of metal; non-electric cables and wires of common metal; small items of metal hardware; metal containers for storage or transport; safes.

Class 7

Machines, machine tools, power-operated tools; motors and engines, except for land vehicles; machine coupling and transmission components, except for land vehicles; agricultural implements, other than hand-operated hand tools; incubators for eggs; automatic vending machines.

Class 8

Hand tools and implements, hand-operated; cutlery; side arms, except firearms; razors.

Class 9

Scientific, research, navigation, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; recorded and downloadable media, computer software, blank digital or analogue recording and storage media; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating devices; computers and computer peripheral devices; diving suits, divers’ masks, ear plugs for divers, nose clips for divers and swimmers, gloves for divers, breathing apparatus for underwater swimming; fire-extinguishing apparatus

Class 10

Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments; artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopaedic articles; suture materials; therapeutic and assistive devices adapted for persons with disabilities; massage apparatus; apparatus, devices and articles for nursing infants; sexual activity apparatus, devices and articles.

Class 11

Apparatus and installations for lighting, heating, cooling, steam generating, cooking, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes

Class 12

Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water.

Class 13

Firearms; ammunition and projectiles, explosives; fireworks.

Class 14

Precious metals and their alloys; jewellery, precious and semi-precious stones; horological and chronometric instruments.

Class 15

Musical instruments; music stands and stands for musical instruments; conductors’ batons

Class 16

Paper and cardboard; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery and office requisites, except furniture; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; drawing materials and materials for artists; paintbrushes; instructional and teaching materials; plastic sheets, films and bags for wrapping and packaging; printers’ type, printing blocks.

Class 17

Unprocessed and semi-processed rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica and substitutes for all these materials; plastics and resins in extruded form for use in manufacture; packing, stopping and insulating materials; flexible pipes, tubes and hoses, not of metal.

Class 18

Leather and imitations of leather; animal skins and hides; luggage and carrying bags; umbrellas and parasols; walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery; collars, leashes and clothing for animals.

Class 19

Materials, not of metal, for building and construction; rigid pipes, not of metal, for building; asphalt, pitch, tar and bitumen; transportable buildings, not of metal; monuments, not of metal

Class 20

Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; containers, not of metal, for storage or transport; unworked or semi-worked bone, horn, whalebone or mother-of-pearl; shells; meerschaum; yellow amber.

Class 21

Household or kitchen utensils and containers; cookware and tableware, except forks, knives and spoons; combs and sponges; brushes, except paintbrushes; brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; unworked or semi-worked glass, except building glass; glassware, porcelain and earthenware.

Class 22

Ropes and string; nets; tents and tarpaulins; awnings of textile or synthetic materials; sails; sacks for the transport and storage of materials in bulk; padding, cushioning and stuffing materials, except of paper, cardboard, rubber or plastics; raw fibrous textile materials and substitutes therefor.

Class 23

Yarns and threads, for textile use.

Class 24

Textiles and substitutes for textiles; household linen; curtains of textile or plastic.

Class 25

Clothing, footwear, headwear

Class 26

Lace, braid and embroidery, and haberdashery ribbons and bows ; buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial flowers; hair decorations; false hair

Class 27

Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings, not of textile

Class 28

Games, toys and playthings; video game apparatus; gymnastic and sporting articles; decorations for Christmas trees.

Class 29

Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs; milk, cheese, butter, yogurt and other milk products; oils and fats for food

Class 30

Coffee, tea, cocoa and substitutes therefor; rice, pasta and noodles; tapioca and sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread, pastries and confectionery; chocolate; ice cream, sorbets and other edible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, seasonings, spices, preserved herbs; vinegar, sauces and other condiments; ice (frozen water)

Class 31

Raw and unprocessed agricultural, aquacultural, horticultural and forestry products; raw and unprocessed grains and seeds; fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh herbs; natural plants and flowers; bulbs, seedlings and seeds for planting; live animals; foodstuffs and beverages for animals; malt.

Class 32

Beers; non-alcoholic beverages; mineral and aerated waters; fruit beverages and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making non-alcoholic beverages

Class 33

Alcoholic beverages, except beers; alcoholic preparations for making beverages

Class 34

Tobacco and tobacco substitutes; cigarettes and cigars; electronic cigarettes and oral vaporizers for smokers; smokers’ articles; matches

Services

Class 35

Advertising; business management, organization and administration; office functions.

Class 36

Financial, monetary and banking services; insurance services; real estate affairs.

Class 37

Construction services; installation and repair services; mining extraction, oil and gas drilling.

Class 38

Telecommunications services.

Class 39

Transport; packaging and storage of goods; travel arrangement.

Class 40

Treatment of materials; recycling of waste and trash; air purification and treatment of water; printing services; food and drink preservation.

Class 41

Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities.

Class 42

Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis, industrial research and industrial design services; quality control and authentication services; design and development of computer hardware and software

Class 43

Services for providing food and drink; temporary accommodation.

Class 44

Medical services; veterinary services; hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals; agriculture, aquaculture, horticulture and forestry services.

Class 45

Legal services; security services for the physical protection of tangible property and individuals; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals.

[techbranding]

Does My Startup Need A Tech Branding Agency?

We recommend having bi-weekly check-ins to discuss the process, open questions, etc. However, we prefer to present results and updates asynchronously − it saves a lot of time for both sides. SketchesAt this stage, we explore concepts and general directions on how the logo could look. We follow Visual positioning and Brand expression findings and recommendations. This stage helps to examine a lot of concepts and shapes fast. These Terms of Participation permit you to join the Discussion only https://craftandroot.com/industries/tech-startups/.

We are aware of this issue and our team is working hard to resolve the matter. Take your marketing to the next level with our insightful posts. Be sure to subscribe to stay current with the leading trends and strategies. Join over 1,000 marketing pros who receive monthly B2B marketing tips and insights. Write your growth story and leave a lasting marketing legacy.

Tonal launches 300% ahead of target by bringing the digital into the physical. Launching the most important insurance brand since the birth of the internet. A $4.5B HR Tech startup and the biggest brand comeback of 2017. Everything you need to know about rebranding your business - and avoiding costly mistakes. Everything you need to know about rebranding your business-and avoiding costly mistakes.

proven tools and processes that we’ve created and which we tailor to each client. brand agent you need as a partner to take your business to the next level. brand consultant as an affordable, ideal resource for their needs. In fact, even a short consultation and advice session with a brand specialist can prove quite lucrative. For this reason, many proprietors will rely on DIY campaigns for marketing that may remain inadequate, misdirected, or that doesn’t offer the return on investment. Stand out from the crowd with professional production, aerial drone shots, and even 360 films. Download our free VR/AR 101 Guide to begin your journey in understanding how Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality may be the answer to your marketing needs.

The tone adapts to communicate with them while upholding the overall voice’s focus. (Namer is pretty close — after all, a name is a very, very short poem that captures a brand’s eidos.) When not creating kickass names, she may be found kayaking with her son or making music with her husband.

We are not condoning or admiring this approach but it’s almost certainly part of a bigger strategy. Intel uses video to spark emotion and create a connection with their audience. Health care workers, ventilator makers, teachers, drivers and key workers. It’s a play on their key messaging “what’s inside” but it’s on trend and very smart.

Watch our event replay from Tuesday, January 19, where we continue to discuss and answer questions on the new coronavirus relief bill and how it pertains to small businesses. CO— aims to bring you inspiration from leading respected experts. However, before making any business decision, you should consult a professional who can advise you based on your individual situation.

Gift card fraud can be a gateway to stolen payment credentials, drained bank accounts and even stolen identity. Certain projects, images, and products are trademarks of and/or copyrighted by their respective owners. Develop a Personality.Your business has a personality – a tone that it uses to communicate to the audience. Many businesses don’t sufficiently develop a personality, or don’t keep it consistent. Yes, send me the BizBuySell SellerNewsletter, which contains advice on selling a business and email only promotions. We are sorry, we were not able to submit your issue for this listing at this time. The information in this listing has been provided by the business seller or representative stated above.

Brand Name Creation

Taco Del Mar gets a brand refresh and a fresh new point of view. Their expertice created additional revenue we would have received from traditional advertising alone. Two entrepreneurs came to us with a new app that puts power back in the hands of patients. The brand we developed helps consumers get on the right path when navigating their healthcare. We are data-backed creatives who get the most out of every click. All TOP agencies combine deep subject expertise with world-class execution. Applying consistency in your brand’s voice and tone helps build your reputation, trust, and ultimately stronger brand recognition.

Our referral partners enjoy a sweet finder’s fee and peace of mind knowing their client is in good hands. Cambridge Technology partnered with Mower to modernize their brand and update all platforms the brand touches. The GIF of the XPS 12showed the face of the tablet flipping to morph into the laptop. The screen was filled with Windows software to illustrate that the convertible was a Windows 8 product as well as a touch screen. Dell uses videos, gifs and live behind the scenes to grab attention and explain and introduce their products. And the cool kid theme continues on Twitter where Apple actually don’t follow anyone or tweet anything and yet has 4.3 million followers.

If your startup can bend light, slow time, or stretch infinitely, we should talk. Established in 1996, the website is an international marketplace of businesses for sale.

A play on okey-dokey, Mochidoki makes use of the product descriptor in a fun and playful way, all while recalling the product’s Asian roots and sounding bite-sized and delicious. Designed for business owners, CO— is a site that connects like minds and delivers actionable insights for next-level growth.

Cast a wide tech branding agency net at first and bring the top three back to go through the process with you. Be incredibly clear about the goals and objectives of the project. Tap your network, do your research, check the rankings to see what firms measure up. Omni-channel marketing campaign showcasing the “connecting” benefits of being able to access Tower Health’s growing health system. Thank you for Trajectory’s splendid healthcare rebranding work. You’ve done an outstanding job blending respect for the past with gentle nudging of inherently sensible and winning ideas. Our health system brand is an emotional lightning rod for many, and you navigate it extraordinarily well.

You must not record, reproduce, distribute, modify, create derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, republish, download, store, or transmit any of the material from the Discussion. You acknowledge that you will not provide any other person with access to the Discussion or portions of it using your account name. You agree to notify us immediately of any unauthorized access to the Discussion. We are not responsible or liable to any third party for the content or accuracy of any Participant Contributions by you or any other participants of the Discussion. With System Mechanic and MalwareBytes Premium Multi-Device, you’ll know your computer—and your identity—will be protected from the threats that exist online.

See how they perform while juggling multiple responsibilities. It can be either a small internal project or an external one. Moreover, they offer a free audit in case you would like to refresh your brand rather than building it from scratch. You will enjoy collaborating with them for your small business or startup. Their process starts with an expansive review of your brand’s current status. Afterwards, they run a collaborative workshop with you and your stakeholders to define the organization’s goals. Then, target audience research and competitive analysis follow.

Also, they consist of strategic analysts, information architects and UX interface designers. After getting to know your startup, they can help build it and take care of it along the way. Because you can lose a lot of audiences if you just use one word wrong in your messaging for your small business or if you come up with the wrong color. Video marketing is highly effective in capturing B2B leads; also, 80% of video marketers say video has directly helped increase their sales. To convince prospects that they, and not their competitors, are the right choice, iOFFICE uses ebooks, webinars, slides and graphics, videos, demos and podcasts created with expert input. Screenshots, sliding menus and striking calls-to-action to watch the demo of the product in action serve to educate the prospective buyer.

Thanks for sending that over, one of our team will be in touch real soon. Go from over 15,844 agencies to a shortlist with Agency Spotter. Firebrand has given my team the bandwidth to focus on what's really important. Webgamma produced effective deliverables that contributed to significant growth of our brand.

Having an expanded offering will give you an access to the opportunities you would not approach otherwise. We are an independent partner who knows Marketing & Advertising agencies’ competitive landscape. Tell us your needs and we’ll tell you the agencies you must meet. At Insane Lab, we know what we are exceptional at what we do. We are great at designing and developing applications for modern platforms – web, mobile and mixed reality.

With a BA in English Literature from Dartmouth College and an MFA from the University of Massachusetts’ English MFA for Poets & Writers, Stevie is also no stranger to the power of words. As head of Catchword’s East Coast operations, he’s typically the project lead on all right coast accounts, and recently managed projects for Volkswagen, McDonald’s, Kellogg, and First Alert. He graduated from Brandeis University with a BA in History, and earned his JD from the State University of New York at Buffalo. is a collection of ultra-premium brandable dot-com domains—merging the best in messaging, memorability, length, and flow. Our linguistic and cultural evaluation is backed by an international network of native speakers in more than 100 languages. And, when Catchword first sampled Gordon Dessert’s new line of mochi , we knew we were naming a truly category re-defining confectionary.

Let us guide you on how to use the appropriate tools to reach your marketing goals. Abundant growth opportunities; little to no marketing up to this point. We apologize, but the feature you are trying to access is currently unavailable.

Payment schedule should be adjusted to the project you are running together — so the initial investment on your side is reduced. What I would like to show you is that with a right partner you can focus on your strengths and outsource other tasks without losing business. More than that, you can expand your service line and utilize your talents on new platforms that you did not have an access to.

BizBuySell has no stake in the sale of this business, has not independently verified any of the information about the business, and assumes no responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. We partnered with Oculus to pioneer VR’s mobile and social future.

Their posts aren’t strictly oriented to the product but are tied to events and occasions that people everywhere find significant and interesting. You have an innovative, ground breaking idea – now it’s time to share it with the world. A full-spectrum agency leading the legal profession into a future of equal justice. Class action firms benefit from the speed with which we can launch your initial marketing campaign. We have been working together for several years now, helped them revamp their brand, built a new website and campaign sites, and most recently a transit campaign that can be seen all over the Bay Area.

We provide a cost-effective route to market for business owners and their representatives and a one stop shop for aspiring entrepreneurs and business buyers. You will receive newsletters, updates and offers about business and franchise opportunities. We will also send you information about related business and franchise events. BusinessesForSale.com is committed to protecting your privacy. Ticking this box means you are consenting to us sending you marketing emails. You can change your mind at any time by clicking unsubscribe in the footer of our emails. Just because you don’t have time to deal, doesn’t mean you have to completely give the work away.

They keep their brand voice highly practical and focused on solving prospects’ pain points. They use demo videos to educate and inspire confidence in their products. This is an example that companies do not need to invest their energy into all available channels, but rather pick one or two to focus on. Partner testimonials, PRs on closed deals, fundraisers and case studies by the likes of Yahoo Finance and Harvard Business Review communicate the reputation and importance of this brand. Communicating diverse topics across different channels whilst maintaining voice consistency and brand integrity. The Facebook page features a cover video with main takeaways of what the company stands for and a striking summary of their offers. They connect their user base with immersive food and beverage tours, skip-the-line tickets for attractions, craft classes, niche offerings and other immersive experiences.

[groovypolicebeard]

Sonalika Tractor Price List 2020, Features and Specifications

Since starting in the year 1996, Sonalika ITL has gone over far and with its dazzling undertakings, it has today transpired of the top new farm truck marks in 4 countries specifically Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar and Algeria. It is honestly, by and by a completely acclaimed brand as indicated by the customer driven approach. Sonalika is the third greatest farm vehicle creator in India. The association centers around the prerequisites of the farmers and giving them redid farm computerized courses of action. It legitimizes its trademark: "Jisne sapna nahin dekha use bhi sapna dikhana hai, Gali Sonalika Dl pahuchana hai" with its different activities.

Sonalika reliably endeavors to absorb its trust, conviction and quality among farmers, accomplices, colleagues and laborers. It has been endeavoring innovative designs to address the issues of what might be on the horizon. Sonalika has set up in excess of 51 capacity improvement planning centers dish India to give getting ready on the most ideal utilization of farm hauler and other property rigging to extend benefit. https://international.sonalika.com/

Sonalika farm trucks esteem once-over and specifics:

Sonalika DI 35 Sikander:

Sonalika DI 35 is a 39 HP Category farm truck with historic motor and improved speed to pass on top level execution for an assortment of farm applications regardless, during the longest extensive stretches of outing. With forefront features like OIB and 1 SA DCV, it is one of the most preferred farm haulers right now various applications. Sonalika farm hauler is eco-accommodating and is open with adjustable front center and feathering valve for potato advancement application. They have dry plate brakes and 1800 Kg water fueled lift limit. It has mechanical power directing and incredible wheelbase and ground elbowroom that makes it ideal for any agrarian domain.

The expense of Sonalika DI 35 is around 5,30,000/ — INR.

Sonalika DI 42:

Sonalika DI 42 falls under 35–45 HP arrangement. It has a 42-HP Category engine with 3 chambers that make a rpm of 2000. It has the dry sort hover brakes with pre-cleaner Air-all the more spotless. With 8 forward and 2 pivot gears, it has Single and twofold grasp with steady work transmission type. It performs well with rotavator, showering, haulage, planting, finder, filtering, and cultivator and over an extent of yields including cotton, castor, groundnut and grapes moreover. The arrangement of the farm hauler empowers the farm to perform unmistakable residence undertakings enough. It has a lifting breaking point of 1800 kg. With dry plate brakes and optional OIB, it has optional power coordinating and mechanical controlling as well.

The expense of Sonalika DI 42 is 5,72,000/ — INR.

Sonalika DI 745 :

Sonalika DI 745 farm truck falls under 46 to 55 HP class work vehicle.

It has 50 HP 3 chamber engine, which makes 2100 evaluated rpm.

Farm truck has dry sort Air-cleaner and Oil shower with pre-all the more spotless.

Sonalika DI 745 performs well with rotavator, cultivator, sprinkling, haulage, planting, authority, filtering and over various yields like grapes, groundnut, cotton, castor, etc.

SonalikaDI 745 farm hauler can lift up to 1600 kgs.

It has OIB brakes.

Sonalika DI 745 has the Single and twofold handle with reliable work transmission type.

It has 8 forward and 2 pivot gears.

The structure of this Sonalika farm vehicle urges the farmer to a developing movement.

The farm vehicle is fitted with optional mechanical Steering and power coordinating.

The Sonalika 745 farm vehicle cost is around 6,00,000/ — INR.

Sonalika DI 750:

Sonalika DI 750 farm vehicle falls under the grouping of 46 to 55 HP class farm vehicle.

It has 4 chamber engine, which produces 2000 assessed rpm.

The work vehicle has oil shower Air-all the more perfect.

Sonalika DI 750 III has Single and twofold hold with reliable work transmission type.

Sonalika DI 750 III performs well with rotavator, cultivator, sprinkling, haulage, planting, authority, filtering and over different harvests like grapes, groundnut, cotton, castor, etc.

It farm hauler can lift weight up to 2000 kgs.

It has OIB slows down and is fitted with optional Mechanical Steering and power directing.

It has8 forward and 2 shift gears.

The arrangement of work vehicle enables the farmer to perform ranch exercises well.

Tire estimation is for front tire 6.00 x 16 mm/7.5 x 16 mm and back tyre14.9 x 28 mm/16.9 x 28 mm.

The fuel tank breaking point of this Sonalika farm vehicle is 56 liters.

Sonalika DI 750 is strong to use and easy to keep up.

The expense of Sonalika DI 750 is around 6,32,000/ — INR.

Sonalika DI 60:

Sonalika DI 60 is a mind boggling farm hauler model for generous pulling works and is valuable for different sorts of employments, for instance, cultivator, puddling, gathering, acquiring and haulage. It is outfitted with an extent of features for better execution in farm exercises. With 4-chamber unfathomable engine of 3707 cc, it falls under the extent of 60 HP. It isn't simply eco-accommodating yet likewise suitable for different farm applications. To the extent judgments, this work vehicle model goes with different sorts of highlights, for example, oil Immersed Brakes, DC-Standard handle type, mechanical (Standard)/power controlling (optional) and 65 liter fuel tank limit. With consistent transmission and 12V 88 Ah battery, it adequately handles overpowering burdens and has 1600 kg pressure driven lifting limit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonalika_Group

[awesomelephuoclocblog-blog]

How Produce totally robotized eBooks (with material) in one second

https://lephuocloc.com/commercemojo-review/

In this review, I will be taking an undeniably ordered examine Sqribble–a recently out of the plastic new cloud-based mechanical assembly that awards you to make eBooks, reports, whitepapers or other mechanized books on the fly, rapidly and quickly.

We'll cover what it does, who it's for, precisely the sum it costs, what the upsells are, and the points of interest and detriments of this new instrument, so you can choose an inexorably informed choice about getting it … and if it's optimal for you.

.

What is Sqribble?

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Sqribble is a cloud based eBook creator gadget. It licenses you to make ace looking eBooks, taking into account setup positions inside the contraption, with a couple of ticks, checking you a tremendous measure of time and money.

Unlike other eBook producers, Sqribble in a brief instant got my thought since it has some incredibly significant limits I have not seen wherever else.

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Here's a few limits that genuinely overpowered me:

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Modified material–believe it or not, you can in sureness use Sqribble to fill your book with capable substance, so you don't have to create a word. This is content from around the web, considering the URL you deftly. You can pull content from any URL, stick it genuinely, remove from a Word doc or from their own library of express claim to fame articles.

Full scale PC distinct advantage.

Advancement

This is a BIG solace and a critical notwithstanding for any person who scorns creating or doesn't have the chance to do it.

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Beautiful eCovers–a great deal of eBook mechanical assemblies may screen time, yet they end up dreadful eCovers for your books. Sqribble is various here. The spreads are really uncommon. They wouldn't keep an eye out of put on Kindle or Amazon, and they quickly appear like you're a specialist who requests trust and authority.

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Make Flipbooks–this is among my supported pieces of Sqribble. You can turn your "level" books into canny flipbooks. This causes your propelled book look and to feel significantly progressively like a valid book–with pages that turn (breathed life into like a genuine book page turning) and cause the book to appear as though something you can associate and grab.

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For what reason does this have any kind of effect?

It's connected to standing out and getting attention. In addition, it's a procedure to attract your perusers much better. In case they appreciate the experience of examining your book (" flipping" the pages) they're well en route to get worth from your substance and keep taking a gander at until fulfillment where your pitch or wellspring of motivation is!

Another component of flip books is that you can embed them on your site with a fundamental piece of code that Sqribble supplies once you release your book. Glorious!

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What else can Sqribble do?

Sqribble is adaptable gadget, with packages more limits I discovered obliging. For instance, this is the thing that else Sqribble can do:.

— Automatic course of action.

— Automatic headers and footers.

— Automatic pagination.

— Drag and drop style.

— Add or delete pages.

— Add your own media.

— 300+ Google Fonts.

— 50 eBook groups (covering 15 unique strengths).

— 10 distinctive eBook styles (1 snap alterations concealing arrangement of book).

— Import content from a URL.

— Manually fuse material.

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Business

Which's simply the stuff I saw inside the control board!

There's enormous measures of features squeezed into this gadget, making it phenomenal contrasted with other eBook creators I've seen, anyway there is one minimal irksome point which I'll cover down underneath.

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Who is it for?

Sqribble is commonly organized for advisors, free web online publicists, little exhibiting firms and business visionaries who need to convey lead magnets, release Kindle books, make and sell eBooks, or circulate whitepapers.

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In the event that you're furthermore planning to develop an extra benefit you'll be fulfilled to understand that comparably included is a business firm license to utilize Sqribble for customer work, giving eBook creation organizations, with the ability to convey limitless eBooks which you can sell and keep all the salary!

They in like way give you an all set developed firm site with pre-filled portfolio that you can move to any territory for second position, so you can reveal it off to any sparkling clean potential clients to get work. (Ace locales like this would cost you in any event $600 alone, so it's incredible worth.).

Included is a worked in "Customer input contraption" to team up with clients on eBook occupations even more adequately (I love this segment).

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What does it cost?

Regularly $197, today only 67 (and a nice discount coupon on the page so ).

Any upsells?

Really, there are starting at now 4 upsells. You don't really require all of them to use Sqribble, anyway they may can be found in important depending upon your situation and usage.

This is the thing that they are:.

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Upsell 1–Sqribble capable.

Open 150 continuously capable eBook designs (the most perfectly awesome ones are in the master variation), delineations and significantly progressively moment substance for such a specific claims to fame. (So you know, single arrangement designs from stock locales would cost you as much as $450 … for just ONE structure position!) Great for those that hankering greater grouping, substance and significant customers.

Upsell 2–Sqribble Prime.

Get 15 premium "compelled form" perfect eBook formats added to your Sqribble control board every month. This will grow your library after some time, and make you stand separated from various customers. It works out to under 2 dollars for an arrangement design!

This involves 2-in-1 features.

1.) Unlocks a 3D spread creation gadget inside your dashboard, permitting you to turn "level" covers into trademark, 3d covers. Phenomenal for getting more thought and making your books feel and look continuously "certified." Individuals do condemn hastily, so something to suffer at the head of the need list.

Produce "Flipbooks" that change your eBooks into natural and breathed life into pages that turn like, taking everything into account. They can be related with from wherever on the web, similarly as embedded on site pages with a singular piece of code.

In the event that you will use Sqribble to make eBooks as a help of acquire money, by then Vehicle Task Finder is something that you need. It will immediately make sure about you related situations over different autonomous locales and exhort you with the objective that you can fulfill them. A significant solace and cash specialist.

The dreadful.

— 3D spread is rushed behind an upsell.

The extraordinary.

— Easy to use.

— Problem free.

— Unlimited usage (when portion).

The radiant.

— Lots of wonderful structure positions.

— Professional page structures.

— Automatic material (moderates time).

— Flipbook creator (offered through third upsell).

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End

There have truly been a huge amount of eBook engineer gadgets already, at any rate I have not seen any that make the entire technique as smooth and speedy as Sqribble. It's incredibly glitch complimentary (most practical gadgets like this are truck as perdition) and it's squeezed with some truly cool features.

The designs are remarkable looking, the structures are ace and reality you can immediately consolidate substance causes this an obvious prerequisite to have for any individual who's exhausted on costs hours working over book arrangement, creating substance and playing with gathering.

The great to beat everything is the license to work which is fused. Generally suppliers charge extra for this, so it's a monster worth uncommon prize. The extra offered achieved for-you firm site is essentially over shipment.

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[boemarine786]

Why Do You Need Marine Electronics & What Do They Do?

Other marine equipment to consider join fish discoverers and navigational radars. Fishfinders help you perceive where those persistent little buggers are through sonar and sound resounding advancement. These devices can empower you to perceive a collection of fish similarly as other basic segments like water profundity and structures underneath. Route radars can empower you to make sense of where you are and where different blocks are. This development resembles the Garmin Fish Finder GPS framework, yet offers various additional features relating to wind and tide.

Discussing which, you can solidify GPS or radar development with an Boat Autopilot framework, and really have your watercraft steer and work without any other person's info. Autopilots are a bewildering part in the rundown of must-have marine gadgets since these can truly work for the control board, the controlling, or subsequently adjust for winds or other troublesome conditions that are relied upon to occur in the marine condition.

Another fundamental thing in Marine Navigation devices is that of water creators. Water makers empower the clients to "make" their own water, by filtering through the salt factor in the ordinarily undrinkable seawater. Remember that seawater; be that as it may, not continually harmful, is counterproductive. You take in so much salt that you need more liquids to drive it out; after a short time you would, over the long haul, start to thirst in all regards gravely. The primary option for widened sea adventures is bringing a water creator framework.

Various interesting points in Marine Fish Finder GPS equipment fuse satellite telephones and satellite televisions. To be sure, you can watch satellite television on board a vessel or yacht. What's your most cherished motion picture, at any rate? Brilliant! Satellite television is made conceivable by an unprecedented free satellite accepting link. Satellite telephones are in like manner roused by satellite innovation and consider an unquestionably more unmistakable range than is conceivable with cell goals. Finally in the class of marine gadgets, you have the marine sound framework, a waterproof stereo that can play Discs, neighborhood radio broadcasts, satellite radio, or even MP3s and your iPod top picks.

To envelop it with brief, make sure to bring along a great deal of batteries as substitutions when you need. You can't manage the cost of an opportunity to obliterate or to deplete the last moment of your batteries, especially for fundamental rigging like a Marine GPS framework. Bring along extra batteries and keep them in a protected spot. Various sea travelers consider this must-have marine hardware for each long experience. For more information on marine equipment, you can even visit nearby marine retail stores or search for the thing on the web by model name to increase nitty gritty data about the item.

What Do Marine Electronics Do?

Marine hardware are significant for water exercises including angling, cruising, and stretches out to the yacht. There are many rebate marine benders that offer these items from the absolute most mainstream marks in the business. These associations offer everything from amusement devices like stereo speakers, satellite televisions, and so forth to route, security, and correspondence hardware for vessels of various sizes and types. Various driving brands work therefore and they furthermore offer a broad assortment of marine gadgets with different highlights. The purchasers have a pool of choices to make as for GPS Marine Navigation gear. They settle on decision in the wake of contrasting various variables like the costs, quality, and different features from each driving brand.

Regularly, the customers contact the merchant to buy this sort of thing. They have a wide extent of sound frameworks, getting links, VHF radios, radars, Marine Autopilot, fishfinders, Marine GPS, night vision, and afterward some to offer. It isn't vital that all of the things contain all fundamental and noteworthy features. Each and every thing is made with its own structure and style. Purchasers, as demonstrated by their need and essential, can go for the result of their choice.

The organization that the markdown associations for marine things give is snappy and straightforward. They offer a grouping of things at refund costs and for some rebate associations, the customer organization is their trademark. They offer marine equipment of top brands and that too at reasonable expenses. There are things like Garmin Chartplotter Radar Combo, fishfinders, and so forth that are important and essential also. At that point as shared, water makers channel and make the undrinkable seawater usable as the salt substance in the water is abstained from.

Notwithstanding what Marine GPS Chartplotter hardware you choose to purchase, make sure to take satisfactory batteries for the reinforcement. The fundamental electronic hardware requires proper battery reinforcement and you should be set up for all of these things. Plan early and prepare for the unforeseen minutes additionally. This is in light of the fact that the possibility of seawater is said to be fanciful. Luckily, you will discover a few famous marine sellers and pontoon suppliers that will suit your necessities and that too at markdown rates. You should simply look for the one stage where you will discover all that you have to benefit as much as possible from your journey.

Make sure to take satisfactory measure of imperative sustenance things and water especially when you are proposing to be out in the sea for an increasingly drawn out time span. A champion among the most basic marine equipment is a Marine GPS unit and you ought to guarantee that it is working really all through your journey.

So these are a few reasons why you need marine gadgets and what do they accomplish for you. Comprehend your requirements and afterward purchase the basic marine rigging as needs be.

[amrselim]

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[sharengayonline]

iOS – Wikipedia

Sharengay Trang Tin Tức Độc Đáo VIDEO iOS – Wikipedia

This article is about the mobile operating system developed by Apple. For the router/switch OS developed by Cisco Systems, see Cisco IOS. For other uses, see IOS (disambiguation).

iOS

Commercial logo as used by Apple, since 2017

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Screenshot

iOS 14 running on an iPhone 11 Pro Max

Developer Apple Inc. Written in C, C++, Objective-C, Swift, assembly language OS family Unix-like, based on Darwin (BSD), iOS Working state Current Source model Closed, with open-source components Initial release June 29, 2007; 14 years ago Latest release 14.6[1] (18F72)[2] (May 24, 2021; 41 days ago) [±] Latest preview 15.0 beta 2[3] (19A5281j)[4] (June 30, 2021; 4 days ago) [±] 14.7 beta 4[5] (18G5052d)[6] (June 29, 2021; 5 days ago) [±] Marketing target Smartphones, tablet computers, portable media players Available in 40 languages[7][8][9][10] Update method OTA (since iOS 5), Finder (from macOS Catalina onwards)[11] or iTunes (Windows and macOS pre-Catalina) Platforms

ARMv8-A (iOS 7 and later)

ARMv7-A (iPhone OS 3 – iOS 10.3.4)

ARMv6 (iPhone OS 1 – iOS 4.2.1)

Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) Default user interface Cocoa Touch (multi-touch, GUI) License Proprietary software except for open-source components Official website https://apple.co/3jOpyAz Supported iOS version history

iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware. It is the operating system that powers many of the company’s mobile devices, including the iPhone and iPod Touch; the term also included the versions running on iPads until the name iPadOS was introduced with version 13 in 2019. It is the world’s second-most widely installed mobile operating system, after Android. It is the basis for three other operating systems made by Apple: iPadOS, tvOS, and watchOS. It is proprietary software, although some parts of it are open source under the Apple Public Source License and other licenses.[12]

Unveiled in 2007 for the first-generation iPhone, iOS has since been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch (September 2007) and the iPad (introduced: January 2010; availability: April 2010.) As of March 2018, Apple’s App Store contains more than 2.1 million iOS applications, 1 million of which are native for iPads.[13] These mobile apps have collectively been downloaded more than 130 billion times.

Major versions of iOS are released annually. The current stable version, iOS 14, was released to the public on September 16, 2020.[14] It brought many user interface changes, including the ability to place widgets on the home screen, a compact UI for both Siri and phone calls, and the ability to change both the default web browser and email apps. No devices were dropped, as all devices supported by iOS 13 are able to run iOS 14.

History

First iOS logotype (2010–2013), using Myriad Pro Semibold font

Second iOS logotype (2013–2017), using Myriad Pro Light font

Third iOS logotype (2017–present), using San Francisco Semibold font

In 2005, when Steve Jobs began planning the iPhone, he had a choice to either “shrink the Mac, which would be an epic feat of engineering, or enlarge the iPod”. Jobs favored the former approach but pitted the Macintosh and iPod teams, led by Scott Forstall and Tony Fadell, respectively, against each other in an internal competition, with Forstall winning by creating the iPhone OS. The decision enabled the success of the iPhone as a platform for third-party developers: using a well-known desktop operating system as its basis allowed the many third-party Mac developers to write software for the iPhone with minimal retraining. Forstall was also responsible for creating a software development kit for programmers to build iPhone apps, as well as an App Store within iTunes.[15][16]

The operating system was unveiled with the iPhone at the Macworld Conference & Expo on January 9, 2007, and released in June of that year.[17][18][19] At the time of its unveiling in January, Steve Jobs claimed: “iPhone runs OS X” and runs “desktop class applications”,[20][21] but at the time of the iPhone’s release, the operating system was renamed “iPhone OS”.[22] Initially, third-party native applications were not supported. Jobs’ reasoning was that developers could build web applications through the Safari web browser that “would behave like native apps on the iPhone”.[23][24] In October 2007, Apple announced that a native Software Development Kit (SDK) was under development and that they planned to put it “in developers’ hands in February”.[25][26][27] On March 6, 2008, Apple held a press event, announcing the iPhone SDK.[28][29]

The iOS App Store was opened on July 10, 2008 with an initial 500 applications available.[30] This quickly grew to 3,000 in September 2008,[31] 15,000 in January 2009,[32] 50,000 in June 2009,[33] 100,000 in November 2009,[34][35] 250,000 in August 2010,[36][37] 650,000 in July 2012,[38] 1 million in October 2013,[39][40] 2 million in June 2016,[41][42][43] and 2.2 million in January 2017.[44][45] As of March 2016, 1 million apps are natively compatible with the iPad tablet computer.[46] These apps have collectively been downloaded more than 130 billion times.[41] App intelligence firm Sensor Tower has estimated that the App Store will reach 5 million apps by the year 2020.[47]

In September 2007, Apple announced the iPod Touch, a redesigned iPod based on the iPhone form factor.[48] On January 27, 2010, Apple introduced their much-anticipated media tablet, the iPad, featuring a larger screen than the iPhone and iPod Touch, and designed for web browsing, media consumption, and reading, and offering multi-touch interaction with multimedia formats including newspapers, e-books, photos, videos, music, word processing documents, video games, and most existing iPhone apps using a 9.7-inch screen.[49][50][51] It also includes a mobile version of Safari for web browsing, as well as access to the App Store, iTunes Library, iBookstore, Contacts, and Notes. Content is downloadable via Wi-Fi and optional 3G service or synced through the user’s computer.[52] AT&T was initially the sole U.S. provider of 3G wireless access for the iPad.[53]

In June 2010, Apple rebranded iPhone OS as “iOS”. The trademark “IOS” had been used by Cisco for over a decade for its operating system, IOS, used on its routers. To avoid any potential lawsuit, Apple licensed the “IOS” trademark from Cisco.[54]

The Apple Watch smartwatch was announced by Tim Cook on September 9, 2014, being introduced as a product with health and fitness-tracking.[55][56] It was released on April 24, 2015.[57][58][59] It uses watchOS as operative system, which is based on IOS.

On November 22nd, 2016, a five-second video file originally named “IMG_0942.MP4” started crashing iOS on a increasing count of devices, forcing users to reboot. It gained massive popularity through social media channels and messaging services.[60][61]

In October 2016, Apple opened its first iOS Developer Academy in Naples inside University of Naples Federico II’s new campus.[62][63] The course is completely free, aimed at acquiring specific technical skills on the creation and management of applications for the Apple ecosystem platforms.[64] At the Academy there are also issues of business administration (business planning and business management with a focus on digital opportunities) and there is a path dedicated to the design of graphical interfaces. Students have the opportunity to participate in the “Enterprise Track”, an in-depth training experience on the entire life cycle of an app, from design to implementation, to security, troubleshooting, data storage and cloud usage.[65][66] As of 2020, the Academy graduated almost a thousand students from all over the world, who have worked on 400 app ideas and have already published about 50 apps on the iOS App Store. In the 2018/2019 academic year, students from more than 30 different countries arrived. 35 of these have been selected to attend the Worldwide Developer Conference, the annual Apple Developer Conference held annually in California in early June.[67][68]

Steve Jobs, Apple’s then CEO, introducing the iPad.

On June 3, 2019, iPadOS, the branded version of iOS for iPad, was announced at the 2019 WWDC; it was launched on September 25, 2019.[69]

Features

Interface

The iOS user interface is based upon direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch. Interface control elements include sliders, switches, and buttons.[70] Internal accelerometers are used by some applications to respond to shaking the device (one common result is the undo command) or rotating it in three dimensions (one common result is switching between portrait and landscape mode). Various accessibility described in § Accessibility functions enable users with vision and hearing disabilities to properly use iOS.[71]

iOS devices boot to the homescreen, the primary navigation and information “hub” on iOS devices, analogous to the desktop found on personal computers. iOS homescreens are typically made up of app icons and widgets; app icons launch the associated app, whereas widgets display live, auto-updating content, such as a weather forecast, the user’s email inbox, or a news ticker directly on the homescreen.[72]

Along the top of the screen is a status bar, showing information about the device and its connectivity. The status bar itself contains two elements, the Control Center and the Notification Center. The Control Center can be “pulled” down from the top right of the notch, on the new iPhones, giving access to various toggles to manage the device more quickly without having to open the Settings. It is possible to manage brightness, volume, wireless connections, music player, etc.[73]

Instead, scrolling from the top left to the bottom will open the Notification Center, which in the latest versions of iOS is very similar to the lockscreen. It displays notifications in chronological order and groups them by application. From the notifications of some apps it is possible to interact directly, for example by replying a message directly from it. Notifications are sent in two modes, the important notifications that are displayed on the lock screen and signaled by a distinctive sound, accompanied by a warning banner and the app badge icon, and the secondary mode where they are displayed in the Notification Center, but they are not shown on the lock screen, nor are they indicated by warning banners, badge icons or sounds.[74][75]

It is possible to choose if notifications from an app can be shown on the lock screen, Notification Center, banner, or all three; whether the banner should be temporary or permanent; activate or deactivate the sound; choose whether to group by app or not and whether to show previews when locked. It is possible to turn off unwanted app notifications. Older notifications are automatically deleted after a few days.

A homescreen may be made up of several pages, between which the user can swipe back and forth, one of the ways to do this is to hold down on the “dots” shown on each page and swipe left or right.

To the right of the last page, the App Library lists and categorizes apps installed on the device. Apps within each category are arranged based on the frequency of their usage. In addition to a category for suggested apps, a “recent” category lists apps recently installed alongside App Clips recently accessed. Users can search for the app they want or browse them in alphabetical order.

iOS also integrates seamlessly with other programming frameworks and technologies, such as Apple Pay, HomeKit, HealthKit, and ResearchKit.

On iOS, the main page button is usually located at the top right. To go back in an application there is almost always a “back” button.

You can go back in 4 different ways, it varies depending on the context.

Press the “Back” button at the top left of the display

Swipe right from the left edge of the screen (gesture)

Press the “Finish” action at the top right of the screen

Scroll down on the screen content

The page title is practically always present and very visible, but it shrinks as the user scrolls down.

Navigation destinations that cannot be contained in the bottom tab bar can: be moved to a generic “More” tab or appear as actions in the top left or top right of other destinations.

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Modal views are single-screen activities that are displayed by swiping into the foreground, while allowing the previous screen to peek up, retreating into the background. You can ignore them by scrolling down or tapping “Back” at the top.

Full screen views are media content such as photos or videos that take up the entire screen. They disappear on scrolling down.

Occasionally on iOS, important page actions appear on a lower toolbar.

Action menus can be activated by any button or by attempting to perform any action. They scroll from bottom to top.

On earlier iPhones with home button, screenshots can be created with the simultaneous press of the home and power buttons. In comparison to Android OS, which requires the buttons to be held down, a short press does suffice on iOS.[76] On the more recent iPhones which lack a physical home button, screenshots are captured using the volume-down and power buttons instead.[77]

A new feature in iOS 13 called “context menus” shows related actions when you touch and hold an item. When the context menu is displayed, the background is blurred.[78]

To choose from a few options, a selection control is used. Selectors can appear anchored at the bottom or in line with the content (called date selectors). Date selectors take on the appearance of any other selection control, but with a column for day, month, and optionally year.

Alerts appear in the center of the screen, but there are also alerts that scroll up from the bottom of the screen (called “action panels”). Destructive actions (such as eliminating any element) are colored red.

The official font of iOS is San Francisco. It is designed for small text readability, and is used throughout the operating system, including third-party apps.[78]

The icons are 180x180px in size for iPhones with a larger screen, usually models over 6 inches, including iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 8 Plus, while it’s 120x120px on iPhones with smaller displays.[79]

Apple’s official design language is called Human Interface.[80]

Applications

iOS devices come with preinstalled apps developed by Apple including Mail, Maps, TV, Music, FaceTime, Wallet, Health, and many more.

Applications (“apps”) are the most general form of application software that can be installed on iOS. They are downloaded from the official catalog of the App Store digital store, where apps are subjected to security checks before being made available to users. In June 2017, Apple updated its guidelines to specify that app developers will no longer have the ability to use custom prompts for encouraging users to leave reviews for their apps.[81][82] IOS applications can also be installed directly from an IPA file provided by the software distributor, via unofficial ways. They are written using iOS Software Development Kit (SDK) and, often, combined with Xcode, using officially supported programming languages, including Swift and Objective-C. Other companies have also created tools that allow for the development of native iOS apps using their respective programming languages.

Applications for iOS are mostly built using components of UIKit, a programming framework. It allows applications to have a consistent look and feel with the OS, nevertheless offering customization.

Elements automatically update along with iOS updates, automatically including new interface rules. UIKit elements are very adaptable, this allows developers to design a single app that looks the same on any iOS device. In addition to defining the iOS interface, UIKit defines the functionality of the application.

At first, Apple did not intend to release an SDK to developers, because they did not want third-party apps to be developed for iOS, building web apps instead. However, this technology never entered into common use, this led Apple to change its opinion, so in October 2007 the SDK for developers was announced, finally released on March 6, 2008.

The SDK includes an inclusive set of development tools,[83] including an audio mixer and an iPhone simulator. It is a free download for Mac users. It is not available for Microsoft Windows PCs. To test the application, get technical support, and distribute applications through App Store, developers are required to subscribe to the Apple Developer Program.

Over the years, the Apple Store apps surpassed multiple major milestones, including 50,000,[84] 100,000,[85] 250,000,[86] 500,000,[87] 1 million,[88] and 2 million apps.[89] The billionth application was installed on April 24, 2009.[90]

Home screen

The home screen, rendered by SpringBoard, displays application icons and a dock at the bottom where users can pin their most frequently used apps. The home screen appears whenever the user unlocks the device or presses the physical “Home” button while in another app.[91] Before iOS 4 on the iPhone 3GS (or later), the screen’s background could be customized only through jailbreaking, but can now be changed out-of-the-box. The screen has a status bar across the top to display data, such as time, battery level, and signal strength. The rest of the screen is devoted to the current application. When a passcode is set and a user switches on the device, the passcode must be entered at the Lock Screen before access to the Home screen is granted.[92]

In iPhone OS 3, Spotlight was introduced, allowing users to search media, apps, emails, contacts, messages, reminders, calendar events, and similar content. In iOS 7 and later, Spotlight is accessed by pulling down anywhere on the home screen (except for the top and bottom edges that open Notification Center and Control Center).[93][94] In iOS 9, there are two ways to access Spotlight. As with iOS 7 and 8, pulling down on any homescreen will show Spotlight. However, it can also be accessed as it was in iOS 3 – 6. This endows Spotlight with Siri suggestions, which include app suggestions, contact suggestions and news.[95] In iOS 10, Spotlight is at the top of the now-dedicated “Today” panel.[96]

Since iOS 3.2, users are able to set a background image for the Home Screen. This feature is only available on third-generation devices—iPhone 3GS, third-generation iPod touch (iOS 4.0 or newer), and all iPad models (since iOS 3.2)—or newer.

iOS 7 introduced a parallax effect on the Home Screen, which shifts the device’s wallpaper and icons in response to the movement of the device, creating a 3D effect and an illusion of floating icons. This effect is also visible in the tab view of Mail and Safari.[97]

Researchers found that users organize icons on their homescreens based on usage frequency and relatedness of the applications, as well as for reasons of usability and aesthetics.[98]

System font

iOS originally used Helvetica as the system font. Apple switched to Helvetica Neue exclusively for the iPhone 4 and its Retina Display, and retained Helvetica as the system font for older iPhone devices on iOS 4.[99] With iOS 7, Apple announced that they would change the system font to Helvetica Neue Light, a decision that sparked criticism for inappropriate usage of a light, thin typeface for low-resolution mobile screens. Apple eventually chose Helvetica Neue instead.[100][101] The release of iOS 7 also introduced the ability to scale text or apply other forms of text accessibility changes through Settings.[102][103] With iOS 9, Apple changed the font to San Francisco, an Apple-designed font aimed at maximum legibility and font consistency across its product lineup.[104][105]

Folders

iOS 4 introduced folders, which can be created by dragging an application on top of another, and from then on, more items can be added to the folder using the same procedure. A title for the folder is automatically selected by the category of applications inside, but the name can also be edited by the user.[106] When apps inside folders receive notification badges, the individual numbers of notifications are added up and the total number is displayed as a notification badge on the folder itself.[106] Originally, folders on an iPhone could include up to 12 apps, while folders on iPad could include 20.[107] With increasing display sizes on newer iPhone hardware, iOS 7 updated the folders with pages similar to the home screen layout, allowing for a significant expansion of folder functionality. Each page of a folder can contain up to nine apps, and there can be 15 pages in total, allowing for a total of 135 apps in a single folder.[108] In iOS 9, Apple updated folder sizes for iPad hardware, allowing for 16 apps per page, still at 15 pages maximum, increasing the total to 240 apps.[109]

Notification Center

Before iOS 5, notifications were delivered in a modal window and couldn’t be viewed after being dismissed. In iOS 5, Apple introduced Notification Center, which allows users to view a history of notifications. The user can tap a notification to open its corresponding app, or clear it.[110] Notifications are now delivered in banners that appear briefly at the top of the screen. If a user taps a received notification, the application that sent the notification will be opened. Users can also choose to view notifications in modal alert windows by adjusting the application’s notification settings. Introduced with iOS 8, widgets are now accessible through the Notification Center, defined by 3rd parties.

When an app sends a notification while closed, a red badge appears on its icon. This badge tells the user, at a glance, how many notifications that app has sent. Opening the app clears the badge.

Accessibility

iOS offers various accessibility features to help users with vision and hearing disabilities. One major feature, VoiceOver, provides a voice reading information on the screen, including contextual buttons, icons, links and other user interface elements, and allows the user to navigate the operating system through gestures. Any apps with default controls and developed with a UIKit framework gets VoiceOver functionality built in.[111] One example includes holding up the iPhone to take a photo, with VoiceOver describing the photo scenery.[112] As part of a “Made for iPhone” program, introduced with the release of iOS 7 in 2013, Apple has developed technology to use Bluetooth and a special technology protocol to let compatible third-party equipment connect with iPhones and iPads for streaming audio directly to a user’s ears. Additional customization available for Made for iPhone products include battery tracking and adjustable sound settings for different environments.[113][114] Apple made further efforts for accessibility for the release of iOS 10 in 2016, adding a new pronunciation editor to VoiceOver, adding a Magnifier setting to enlarge objects through the device’s camera, software TTY support for deaf people to make phone calls from the iPhone, and giving tutorials and guidelines for third-party developers to incorporate proper accessibility functions into their apps.[115]

In 2012, Liat Kornowski from The Atlantic wrote that “the iPhone has turned out to be one of the most revolutionary developments since the invention of Braille”,[116] and in 2016, Steven Aquino of TechCrunch described Apple as “leading the way in assistive technology”, with Sarah Herrlinger, Senior Manager for Global Accessibility Policy and Initiatives at Apple, stating that “We see accessibility as a basic human right. Building into the core of our products supports a vision of an inclusive world where opportunity and access to information are barrier-free, empowering individuals with disabilities to achieve their goals”.[117]

Criticism has been aimed at iOS depending on both internet connection (either WiFi or through iTunes) and a working SIM card upon first activation.[118] This restriction has been loosened in iOS 12, which no longer requires the latter.[119]

Multitasking

Multitasking for iOS was first released in June 2010 along with the release of iOS 4.[120][121] Only certain devices—iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod Touch 3rd generation—were able to multitask.[122] The iPad did not get multitasking until iOS 4.2.1 in that November.[123]

The implementation of multitasking in iOS has been criticized for its approach, which limits the work that applications in the background can perform to a limited function set and requires application developers to add explicit support for it.[122][124]

Before iOS 4, multitasking was limited to a selection of the applications Apple included on the device. Users could however “jailbreak” their device in order to unofficially multitask.[125] Starting with iOS 4, on third-generation and newer iOS devices, multitasking is supported through seven background APIs:[126]

Background audio – application continues to run in the background as long as it is playing audio or video content[127]

Voice over IP – application is suspended when a phone call is not in progress[127]

Background location – application is notified of location changes[127]

Push notifications

Local notifications – application schedules local notifications to be delivered at a predetermined time[127]

Task completion – application asks the system for extra time to complete a given task[127]

Fast app switching – application does not execute any code and may be removed from memory at any time[127]

In iOS 5, three new background APIs were introduced:

Newsstand – application can download content in the background to be ready for the user[127]

External Accessory – application communicates with an external accessory and shares data at regular intervals[127]

Bluetooth Accessory – application communicates with a bluetooth accessory and shares data at regular intervals[127]

In iOS 7, Apple introduced a new multitasking feature, providing all apps with the ability to perform background updates. This feature prefers to update the user’s most frequently used apps and prefers to use Wi-Fi networks over a cellular network, without markedly reducing the device’s battery life.

Switching applications

In iOS 4.0 to iOS 6.x, double-clicking the home button activates the application switcher. A scrollable dock-style interface appears from the bottom, moving the contents of the screen up. Choosing an icon switches to an application. To the far left are icons which function as music controls, a rotation lock, and on iOS 4.2 and above, a volume controller.

With the introduction of iOS 7, double-clicking the home button also activates the application switcher. However, unlike previous versions it displays screenshots of open applications on top of the icon and horizontal scrolling allows for browsing through previous apps, and it is possible to close applications by dragging them up, similar to how WebOS handled multiple cards.[128]

With the introduction of iOS 9, the application switcher received a significant visual change; while still retaining the card metaphor introduced in iOS 7, the application icon is smaller, and appears above the screenshot (which is now larger, due to the removal of “Recent and Favorite Contacts”), and each application “card” overlaps the other, forming a rolodex effect as the user scrolls. Now, instead of the home screen appearing at the leftmost of the application switcher, it appears rightmost.[129] In iOS 11, the application switcher receives a major redesign. In the iPad, the Control Center and app switcher are combined. The app switcher in the iPad can also be accessed by swiping up from the bottom. In the iPhone, the app switcher cannot be accessed if there are no apps in the RAM.

Ending tasks

In iOS 4.0 to iOS 6.x, briefly holding the icons in the application switcher makes them “jiggle” (similarly to the homescreen) and allows the user to force quit the applications by tapping the red minus circle that appears at the corner of the app’s icon.[130] Clearing applications from multitasking stayed the same from iOS 4.0 through 6.1.6, the last version of iOS 6.

As of iOS 7, the process has become faster and easier. In iOS 7, instead of holding the icons to close them, they are closed by simply swiping them upwards off the screen. Up to three apps can be cleared at a time compared to one in versions up to iOS 6.1.6.[131]

Task completion

Task completion allows apps to continue a certain task after the app has been suspended.[132][133] As of iOS 4.0, apps can request up to ten minutes to complete a task in the background.[134] This doesn’t extend to background up- and downloads though (e.g. if a user starts a download in one application, it won’t finish if they switch away from the application).

Siri

Main article: Siri

Siri () is an intelligent personal assistant integrated into iOS. The assistant uses voice queries and a natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of Internet services. The software adapts to users’ individual language usages, searches, and preferences, with continuing use. Returned results are individualized.

Originally released as an app for iOS in February 2010,[135] it was acquired by Apple two months later,[136][137][138] and then integrated into iPhone 4S at its release in October 2011.[139][140] At that time, the separate app was also removed from the iOS App Store.[141]

Siri supports a wide range of user commands, including performing phone actions, checking basic information, scheduling events and reminders, handling device settings, searching the Internet, navigating areas, finding information on entertainment, and is able to engage with iOS-integrated apps.[142] With the release of iOS 10 in 2016, Apple opened up limited third-party access to Siri, including third-party messaging apps, as well as payments, ride-sharing, and Internet calling apps.[143][144] With the release of iOS 11, Apple updated Siri’s voices for more clear, human voices, it now supports follow-up questions and language translation, and additional third-party actions.[145][146]

Game Center

Game Center is an online multiplayer “social gaming network”[147] released by Apple.[148] It allows users to “invite friends to play a game, start a multiplayer game through matchmaking, track their achievements, and compare their high scores on a leaderboard.” iOS 5 and above adds support for profile photos.[147]

Game Center was announced during an iOS 4 preview event hosted by Apple on April 8, 2010. A preview was released to registered Apple developers in August.[147] It was released on September 8, 2010 with iOS 4.1 on iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod Touch 2nd generation through 4th generation.[149] Game Center made its public debut on the iPad with iOS 4.2.1.[150] There is no support for the iPhone 3G, original iPhone and the first-generation iPod Touch (the latter two devices did not have Game Center because they did not get iOS 4).[151] However, Game Center is unofficially available on the iPhone 3G via a hack.[152]

Hardware

The main hardware platform for iOS is the ARM architecture (the ARMv7, ARMv8-A, ARMv8.2-A, ARMv8.3-A). iOS releases before iOS 7 can only be run on iOS devices with 32-bit ARM processors (ARMv6 and ARMv7-A architectures). In 2013, iOS 7 was released with full 64-bit support (which includes a native 64-bit kernel, libraries, drivers as well as all built-in applications),[153] after Apple announced that they were switching to 64-bit ARMv8-A processors with the introduction of the Apple A7 chip.[154] 64-bit support was also enforced for all apps in the App Store; All new apps submitted to the App Store with a deadline of February 2015, and all app updates submitted to the App Store with a deadline of June 1, 2015.[155] iOS 11 drops support for all iOS devices with 32-bit ARM processors as well as 32-bit applications,[156][157] making iOS 64-bit only.[158]

Development

The iOS SDK (Software Development Kit) allows for the development of mobile apps on iOS.

While originally developing iPhone prior to its unveiling in 2007, Apple’s then-CEO Steve Jobs did not intend to let third-party developers build native apps for iOS, instead directing them to make web applications for the Safari web browser.[159] However, backlash from developers prompted the company to reconsider,[159] with Jobs announcing in October 2007 that Apple would have a software development kit available for developers by February 2008.[160][161] The SDK was released on March 6, 2008.[162][163]

The SDK is a free download for users of Mac personal computers.[164] It is not available for Microsoft Windows PCs.[164] The SDK contains sets giving developers access to various functions and services of iOS devices, such as hardware and software attributes.[165] It also contains an iPhone simulator to mimic the look and feel of the device on the computer while developing.[165] New versions of the SDK accompany new versions of iOS.[166][167] In order to test applications, get technical support, and distribute apps through App Store, developers are required to subscribe to the Apple Developer Program.[164]

Combined with Xcode, the iOS SDK helps developers write iOS apps using officially supported programming languages, including Swift and Objective-C.[168] Other companies have also created tools that allow for the development of native iOS apps using their respective programming languages.[169][170]

Update schedule

Apple provides major updates to the iOS operating system annually via iTunes and since iOS 5, also over-the-air.[172] The device checks an XML-based PLIST file on mesu.apple.com for updates. The updates are delivered in plain unencrypted ZIP files. On all recent iOS devices, iOS regularly checks on the availability of an update, and if one is available, will prompt the user to permit its automatic installation.

The latest stable version is iOS 14, released on September 16, 2020. It is available for iPhone 6S and later, and the seventh-generation iPod Touch.[173] In addition to the release of iOS 14, iPadOS 14 was released alongside iOS 14. Apple debuted iOS 14 and iPadOS 14 at its annual WWDC keynote on June 22, 2020.[174] iPadOS 14 is available on iPad Air 2 and later, iPad fifth-generation and later, iPad mini 4 and later and all versions of the iPad Pro.[175] The update introduced new features such as improved home screen widgets, the App Library, App Clips, and more.[176]

Originally, iPod Touch users had to pay for system software updates. This was due to accounting rules that designated it not a “subscription device” like iPhone or Apple TV, and improvements to the device required payments.[177][178] The requirement to pay to upgrade caused iPod Touch owners to stay away from updates.[179] However, in September 2009, a change in accounting rules won tentative approval, affecting Apple’s earnings and stock price, and allowing iPod Touch updates to be delivered for free.[180][181]

Apple has significantly extended the cycle of updates for iOS supported devices over the years. The iPhone (1st generation) and iPhone 3G only received two iOS updates, while later models had support for five to six years.[182][183]

XNU kernel

The iOS kernel is the XNU kernel of Darwin. The original iPhone OS (1.0) up to iPhone OS 3.1.3 used Darwin 9.0.0d1. iOS 4 was based on Darwin 10. iOS 5 was based on Darwin 11. iOS 6 was based on Darwin 13. iOS 7 and iOS 8 are based on Darwin 14. iOS 9 is based on Darwin 15. iOS 10 is based on Darwin 16. iOS 11 is based on Darwin 17. iOS 12 is based on Darwin 18. iOS 13 is based on Darwin 19.[184]

In iOS 6 the kernel is subject to ASLR, similar to that of OS X Mountain Lion. This makes exploit possibilities more complex since it is not possible to know the location of kernel code.

Since XNU is based on the BSD kernel, it is open source.[185] The source is under a 3-clause[186] BSD license for the original BSD parts, with parts added by Apple under the Apple Public Source License.[187] The versions contained in iOS are not available; only the versions used in macOS are available.

iOS does not have kernel extensions (kexts) in the file system, even if they are actually present. The kernel cache can be decompressed to show the correct kernel, along with the kexts (all packed in the __PRELINK_TEXT section) and their plists (in the __PRELINK_INFO section).

The kernel cache can also be directly decompressed (if decrypted) using third party tools. With the advent of iOS 10 betas and default plain text kernelcaches, these tools can only be used after unpacking and applying lzssdec to unpack the kernel cache to its full size.

The kextstat provided by the Cydia alternative software does not work on iOS because the kextstat is based on kmod_get_info(...), which is a deprecated API in iOS 4 and Mac OS X Snow Leopard. There are other alternative software that can also dump raw XML data.

On developing devices, the kernel is always stored as a statically linked cache stored in /System/Library/Caches/com.apple.kernelcaches/kernelcache which is unpacked and executed at boot.

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In the beginning, iOS had a kernel version usually higher than the corresponding version of macOS. Over time, the kernels of iOS and macOS have gotten closer. This is not surprising, considering that iOS introduced new features (such as the ASLR Kernel, the default freezer, and various security-strengthening features) that were first incorporated and subsequently arrived on macOS. It appears Apple is gradually merging the iOS and macOS kernels over time. The build date for each version varies slightly between processors. This is due to the fact that the builds are sequential.

The latest version of the Darwin Kernel updated to iOS 13.6 is 19.6.0, dated July 27, 2020, while for iOS 14 beta 4 it is 20.0.0, dated July 27, 2020.

Kernel Builds iOS Version Kernel Build Notes 1A420 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Thu Mar 8 01:38:53 PST 2007; root:xnu-933.0.0.144.obj~1/DEVELOPMENT_ARM_S5L8900XRB 1.0 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Tue May 22 21:15:55 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.0.178.obj~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB 1.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Fri Jun 22 00:38:56 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.1.178.obj~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB 1.0.2 1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Thu Sep 6 23:26:45 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.0.203.obj~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB iPod touch only 1.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Wed Sep 19 00:08:42 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.203~21/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB First kernel that was 8900 encrypted 1.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Wed Oct 10 00:07:49 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.204~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB 1.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Wed Dec 12 00:16:00 PST 2007; root:xnu-933.0.211~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB 1.1.4 1.1.5 iPod touch only 1.2 beta ? 2.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 9.3.1: Wed Mar 19 22:40:09 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.6.34~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 2.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 9.3.1: Tue Apr 1 21:58:46 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.6.39~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 2.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 9.3.1: Tue Apr 15 21:09:34 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.6.49~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 2.0 beta 5 ? 2.0 beta 6 ? 2.0 beta 7 ? 2.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 9.3.1: Sun Jun 15 21:37:01 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.6.76~45/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 2.0 2.0.1 2.0.2 2.1 beta ? 2.1 beta 2 ? 2.1 beta 3 ? 2.1 beta 4 ? 2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.4.1: Sun Aug 10 21:25:25 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.7.27~12/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8720X 2.1.1 2.2 beta ? 2.2 beta 2 ? 2.2 Darwin Kernel Version 9.4.1: Sat Nov 1 19:13:13 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.7.36~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8720X 2.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.4.1: Mon Dec 8 21:02:57 PST 2008; root:xnu-1228.7.37~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8720X 3.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Mon Mar 9 22:51:44 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.65~12/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 3.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Mar 25 21:56:57 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.71~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 3.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Fri Apr 10 15:52:33 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.78~8/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 3.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Apr 22 21:48:01 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.83~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 3.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Apr 29 22:05:19 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.86~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X 3.0 GM ? 3.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed May 13 22:16:49 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.89~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 3.0.1 3.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Jun 24 21:55:27 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.22~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8720X 3.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Jul 8 21:57:20 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.23~8/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 3.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Jul 22 21:39:52 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.24~13/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 3.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Fri Aug 14 13:23:32 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.30~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 3.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Fri Sep 25 23:35:35 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.30~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 3.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Fri Dec 18 01:34:28 PST 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.30~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Mon Mar 15 23:15:33 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.2.27~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X iPad only 3.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Fri May 28 16:46:17 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.2.50~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 3.2.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Aug 4 19:08:04 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.2.60~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Sat Apr 3 03:06:07 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.51.1~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 4.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Apr 14 23:43:59 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.51~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 4.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Apr 28 20:47:20 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.61~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 4.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Tue May 11 22:12:23 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.69~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 4.0 GM ? 4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed May 26 22:28:33 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.73~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.0.1 4.0.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Aug 4 18:46:06 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.80~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Mon Jul 5 20:15:12 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.55.27~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Tue Jul 20 21:31:09 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.55.32~9/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Jul 28 01:26:23 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.55.33~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Aug 4 22:35:51 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.55.33~10/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Tue Sep 7 23:33:25 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.18~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Thu Sep 23 20:56:24 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.21~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Tue Oct 5 21:42:47 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.25~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2 GM Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Wed Oct 20 20:14:45 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.28~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2.1 GM 4.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Wed Oct 20 20:14:45 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.28~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2.5 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Thu Dec 30 19:38:02 PST 2010; root:xnu-1504.62~11/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X iPhone 4 only. 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 4.2.9 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Fri Jul 8 18:32:26 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1504.63~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.2.10 4.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Tue Jan 4 21:36:31 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.24~10/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Mon Jan 10 22:08:15 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.30~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Fri Jan 28 13:55:49 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.39.80~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.3 GM ? 4.3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Feb 10 21:46:56 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.46~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.3.1 4.3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed Mar 30 18:51:10 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1735.46~10/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.3.3 4.3.4 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sat Jul 9 00:59:43 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1735.47~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 4.3.5 5.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Mon May 30 20:28:35 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.2.52~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X 5.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Jun 19 18:59:56 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.3.20~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X 5.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Jun 30 23:23:57 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.10~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X 5.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Jul 17 19:21:53 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.20~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X 5.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Tue Aug 2 22:31:30 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.80~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Aug 14 19:04:49 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.31~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Aug 25 20:47:50 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.38~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Sep 15 23:34:16 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.43~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.0 5.0.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed Oct 19 19:05:07 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.45~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.0.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Tue Nov 1 20:34:16 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.46~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X 5.0.1 5.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Nov 13 19:10:13 PST 2011; root:xnu-1878.10.61~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Dec 4 18:57:33 PST 2011; root:xnu-1878.10.68~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Mon Jan 2 18:46:01 PST 2012; root:xnu-1878.10.74~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 5.1 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed Feb 1 23:18:07 PST 2012; root:xnu-1878.11.8~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8945X 5.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Apr 8 21:51:26 PDT 2012; root:xnu-1878.11.10~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Wed May 30 19:23:03 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.1.78~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jun 17 19:47:47 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.1.61~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jul 8 20:15:17 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.9~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jul 29 20:15:28 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.26~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Aug 19 00:27:34 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.33~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.0 6.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Wed Oct 10 23:32:19 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.34~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X 6.0.2 iPhone 5 only. 6.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Oct 21 19:28:43 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.51~17/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Nov 4 19:02:54 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.53~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Mon Nov 26 21:17:13 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.53~27/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Dec 9 19:22:45 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.55~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 6.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Dec 16 20:01:39 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.55~11/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X 6.1 6.1.1 beta 6.1.1 iPhone 4s only 6.1.2 6.1.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Wed Feb 13 21:35:42 PST 2013; root:xnu-2107.7.55.2.2~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X 6.1.3 6.1.4 iPhone 5 only. 6.1.5 iPod touch (4th generation) only. 6.1.6 iPod touch (4th generation) and iPhone 3GS only. 7.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed May 29 23:53:59 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.1.1.2~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jun 17 00:51:51 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.28~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jul 1 04:25:28 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.40~11/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jul 22 02:12:11 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.55~8/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sun Aug 4 22:40:14 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.70~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.0 beta 6 7.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Aug 13 21:39:05 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.73~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.0 7.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Sep 9 20:56:02 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.74~2/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X iPhone 5c and 5s only 7.0.2 7.0.3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Sep 27 23:08:32 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.3.12~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X 7.0.4 7.0.5 iPhone 5c and iPhone 5s only. 7.0.6 7.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Nov 11 04:18:01 PST 2013; root:xnu-2423.10.33~9/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Dec 10 21:25:34 PST 2013; root:xnu-2423.10.38.1.1~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Jan 2 01:55:45 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.45~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 13 03:33:00 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.49.0.1~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 27 23:55:13 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.58~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.1 GM Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Feb 21 19:41:10 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.67~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.1 7.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Mar 28 21:22:10 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.70~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X 7.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu May 15 23:17:54 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.71~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X 8.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon May 26 22:09:06 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2729.0.0.0.9~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8942X 8.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sat Jun 14 16:36:40 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2775.0.0.1.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X 8.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Jul 2 18:51:34 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.21~19/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X 8.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Jul 16 21:55:26 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.40.0.3~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X 8.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Jul 30 23:04:17 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.62~20/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X 8.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Aug 19 15:09:47 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.72~8/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X 8.0 8.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Sep 18 21:52:21 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.72~23/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X 8.0.2 8.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sat Sep 27 18:49:49 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.12~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X 8.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Oct 3 21:52:09 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.13~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X 8.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Oct 7 00:04:37 PDT 2014; 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root:xnu-4570.40.9~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.2.5 11.2.6 11.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sat Jan 13 00:03:04 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.243~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Fri Jan 26 22:56:33 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.257~6/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sat Feb 10 17:01:35 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.279~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sat Feb 24 20:24:10 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.294~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.3 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Tue Mar 6 20:47:58 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.52.2~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.3 beta 6 11.3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Tue Mar 13 21:32:11 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.52.2~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 11.3.1 11.4 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sun Mar 25 20:49:19 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.10.0.1~16/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.4 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Thu Apr 5 22:33:56 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.16~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.4 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Sun Apr 22 03:29:53 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.19~25/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.4 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Tue May 1 16:16:12 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.21~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.4 beta 5 11.4 beta 6 11.4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Mon Apr 30 18:48:32 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.21~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.4.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Mon May 21 19:02:13 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.14~16/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.4.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Sun Jun 3 20:38:12 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.19~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.4.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Tue Jun 12 20:37:30 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.24~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 11.4.1 beta 4 11.4.1 beta 5 11.4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Mon Jun 11 19:06:27 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.24~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Fri May 25 21:25:37 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.199.12.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Jun 13 21:04:46 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.249.22.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Jun 26 21:06:03 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.274.32.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Mon Jul 9 21:17:19 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.304.42.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Jul 25 22:51:45 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.327.52.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Aug 1 21:11:01 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.342.62.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Sun Aug 5 21:44:00 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.354~11/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 8 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Fri Aug 10 21:57:57 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.202.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 9 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Aug 15 21:51:15 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.202.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 beta 10 12.0 beta 11 12.0 beta 12 12.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Aug 14 22:07:16 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.202.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.0 12.0.1 12.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Sep 10 22:05:56 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.220.42~21/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sun Sep 23 20:16:38 PDT 2018; 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root:xnu-4903.240.8~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Nov 12 20:32:01 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.232.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.1.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sun Dec 16 20:44:43 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.240.10~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.1.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Dec 19 22:27:19 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.242.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.1.3 beta 4 12.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Dec 19 20:28:53 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.242.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.1.4 12.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Jan 13 21:01:59 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.305~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Wed Jan 30 19:26:26 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.319~58/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Feb 10 20:48:56 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.336.0.1~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Feb 24 21:50:15 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.349~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.2 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue Mar 5 21:34:09 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.252.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.2 beta 6 12.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue Mar 5 19:52:18 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.252.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Mon Mar 18 23:03:29 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.260.65.100.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Mon Apr 1 21:12:58 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.260.74.100.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 18 19:45:13 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.260.85.0.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 23:57:27 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.3 beta 5 12.3 beta 6 12.3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 22:14:10 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.3.1 (12F203) 12.3.1 (12F8202) Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu May 9 15:45:33 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 12.3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 22:14:08 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.4 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Tue May 7 23:38:12 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.19.100.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.4 beta 2 12.4 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Tue May 21 01:53:36 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.29~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.4 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Wed Jun 5 21:04:51 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.37~24/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.4 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Fri Jun 14 21:12:14 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.38~24/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.4 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Tue Jun 25 22:53:57 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.47~11/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.4 beta 7 12.4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Fri Jun 21 22:24:16 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.47~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 12.4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Mon Aug 19 22:24:08 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.272.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 12.4.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Mon Aug 19 22:24:08 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.272.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000 12.4.3 12.4.4 12.4.5 12.4.6 12.4.7 12.4.8 13.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue May 21 03:52:25 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6041.0.0.112.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Jun 9 18:57:16 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6110.0.0.120.8~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Jun 27 20:08:29 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.13.132.4~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue Jul 9 00:52:55 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.59.0.2~63/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Jul 21 19:17:20 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.98.0.2~30/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue Jul 30 23:56:43 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.8~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Fri Aug 9 23:13:23 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.11~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.0 beta 8 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Aug 15 21:21:27 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.12~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Mon Aug 12 20:19:35 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.12~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 13.0 13.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Aug 18 23:18:25 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.166~14/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 13.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Aug 29 23:02:07 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.2.2~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Fri Sep 6 09:12:32 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.2.3~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 13.1 beta 4 13.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue Sep 3 21:52:14 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.2.3~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030 13.1.1 13.1.2 13.1.3 13.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Sep 22 21:45:32 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.40.121.0.1~23/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020 13.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Oct 3 23:49:24 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.40.150.100.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030 13.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Fri Oct 11 02:14:05 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.42.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.2 beta 4 13.2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Oct 9 22:42:11 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.42.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030 13.2.2 13.2.3 13.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Thu Oct 31 02:33:36 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.58.0.1~22/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Wed Nov 6 02:29:57 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.66~54/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030 13.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Tue Nov 12 22:06:16 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.66~63/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030 13.3 beta 4 13.3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Mon Nov 4 17:44:49 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.66~39/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.3.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Sun Dec 8 21:03:13 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.80.8.0.1~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.3.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Thu Jan 9 22:14:53 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.82.3~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.3.1 beta 3 13.3.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Thu Jan 9 21:10:55 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.82.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.4 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Jan 29 20:44:26 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.100.178.100.2~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.4 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Tue Feb 11 21:22:30 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.100.196~52/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.4 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Thu Feb 20 00:09:27 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.102.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.4 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Feb 26 00:59:07 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.102.3~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.4 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Feb 26 00:59:07 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.102.3~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.4 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Mon Feb 24 22:04:12 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.102.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.4 13.4.1 13.4.5 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue Mar 24 15:35:36 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.120.15~29/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.4.5 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Sun Apr 5 22:05:12 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.120.27~19/RELEASE_ARM64_T8027 13.5 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Sun Apr 19 23:40:03 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.120.31~15/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.5 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Wed Apr 29 21:33:50 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.122.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8027 13.5 GM Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue Apr 28 22:25:26 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.122.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.5 13.5.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue May 26 20:56:04 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.122.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000 13.5.5 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sun May 17 23:49:11 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.140.21~11/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.6 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Tue Jun 2 23:09:45 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.140.27.0.1~17/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.6 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sun Jun 21 23:18:41 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.142.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 13.6 GM Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sat Jun 27 04:36:25 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.142.1~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030 13.6 13.6.1 13.7 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sat Jul 11 00:58:54 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.142.1~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 14.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Thu Jun 11 21:44:34 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7090.0.0.112.4~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 14.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Tue Jun 30 22:45:10 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7147.0.0.122.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 14.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Mon Jul 13 22:51:19 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7168.0.0.132.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030 14.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Mon Jul 27 02:44:58 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.8.0.1~21/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 14.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Aug 12 22:56:55 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.33~64/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010 14.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Mon Aug 17 09:09:19 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.41~15/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000 14.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Aug 26 23:29:06 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.46~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 14.0 beta 8 14.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Fri Aug 28 23:05:58 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.46~9/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000 14.0 14.0.1 14.1 GM Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Sep 30 03:24:26 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.46~41/RELEASE_ARM64_T8101 14.1 14.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Fri Sep 11 19:19:05 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.84.172.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 14.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Mon Sep 21 00:08:44 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.113.0.2~22/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 14.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Wed Oct 7 00:36:56 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.141~32/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 14.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Tue Oct 13 09:52:10 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.143~17/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015 14.2 RC Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Thu Oct 22 12:48:34 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.42.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8101

Kernel Image

The kernel image base is randomized by the boot loader (iBoot). This is done by creating random data, doing a SHA-1 hash of it and then using a byte from the SHA-1 hash for the kernel slide. The slide is calculated with this formula:

base=0x01000000+(slide_byte*0x00200000)

If the slide is 0, the static offset of 0x21000000 is used instead.

The adjusted base is passed to the kernel in the boot arguments structure at offset 0x04, which is equivalent to gBootArgs->virtBase.

Kernel Map

The kernel map is used for kernel allocations of all types (kalloc(), kernel_memory_allocate(), etc.) and spans all of kernel space (0x80000000–0xFFFEFFFF). The kernel based maps are submaps of the kernel_map, for example zone_map, ipc_kernel_map, etc.

The strategy is to randomize the base of the kernel_map. A random 9-bit value is generated right after kmem_init() which establishes kernel_map, is multiplied by the page size. The resulting value is used as the size for the initial kernel_map allocation. Future kernel_map (and submap) allocations are pushed forward by a random amount. The allocation is silently removed after the first garbage collection and reused. This behaviour can be overridden with the “kmapoff” boot parameter.

Attacks

Kext_request() allows applications to request information about kernel modules, divided into active and passive operations. Active operations (load, unload, start, stop, etc.) require root access. iOS removes the ability to load kernel extensions. Passive operations were originally (before iOS 6) unrestricted and allowed unprivileged users to query kernel module base addresses. iOS6 inadvertently removed some limitations; only the load address requests are disallowed. So attackers can use kKextRequestPredicateGetLoaded to get load addresses and mach-o header dumps. The load address and mach-o segment headers are obscured to hide the ASLR slide, but mach-o section headers are not. This reveals the virtual addresses of loaded kernel sections.

This information leak has been closed with iOS 6.0.1.

Versions codenames

Internally, iOS identifies each version by a codename, often used internally only, normally to maintain secrecy of the project. For example, the codename for iOS 14 is Azul.

Jailbreaking

Since its initial release, iOS has been subject to a variety of different hacks centered around adding functionality not allowed by Apple.[188] Prior to the 2008 debut of Apple’s native iOS App Store, the primary motive for jailbreaking was to bypass Apple’s purchase mechanism for installing the App Store’s native applications.[189] Apple claimed that it would not release iOS software updates designed specifically to break these tools (other than applications that perform SIM unlocking); however, with each subsequent iOS update, previously un-patched jailbreak exploits are usually patched.[190]

When a device is booting, it loads Apple’s own kernel initially, so a jailbroken device must be exploited and have the kernel patched each time it is booted up.

There are different types of jailbreak. An untethered jailbreak uses exploits that are powerful enough to allow the user to turn their device off and back on at will, with the device starting up completely, and the kernel will be patched without the help of a computer – in other words, it will be jailbroken even after each reboot.

However, some jailbreaks are tethered. A tethered jailbreak is only able to temporarily jailbreak the device during a single boot. If the user turns the device off and then boots it back up without the help of a jailbreak tool, the device will no longer be running a patched kernel, and it may get stuck in a partially started state, such as Recovery Mode. In order for the device to start completely and with a patched kernel, it must be “re-jailbroken” with a computer (using the “boot tethered” feature of a tool) each time it is turned on. All changes to the files on the device (such as installed package files or edited system files) will persist between reboots, including changes that can only function if the device is jailbroken (such as installed package files).

In more recent years, two other solutions have been created – semi-tethered and semi-untethered.

A semi-tethered solution is one where the device is able to start up on its own, but it will no longer have a patched kernel, and therefore will not be able to run modified code. It will, however, still be usable for normal functions, just like stock iOS. To start with a patched kernel, the user must start the device with the help of the jailbreak tool.

A semi-untethered jailbreak gives the ability to start the device on its own. On first boot, the device will not be running a patched kernel. However, rather than having to run a tool from a computer to apply the kernel patches, the user is able to re-jailbreak their device with the help of an app (usually sideloaded using Cydia Impactor) running on their device. In the case of the iOS 9.2-9.3.3 jailbreak, a Safari-based exploit was available, thereby meaning a website could be used to rejailbreak.

In more detail: Each iOS device has a bootchain that tries to make sure only trusted/signed code is loaded. A device with a tethered jailbreak is able to boot up with the help of a jailbreaking tool because the tool executes exploits via USB that bypass parts of that “chain of trust”, bootstrapping to a pwned (no signature check) iBSS, iBEC, or iBoot to finish the boot process.

Since the arrival of Apple’s native iOS App Store, and—along with it—third-party applications, the general motives for jailbreaking have changed.[191] People jailbreak for many different reasons, including gaining filesystem access, installing custom device themes, and modifying SpringBoard. An additional motivation is that it may enable the installation of pirated apps. On some devices, jailbreaking also makes it possible to install alternative operating systems, such as Android and the Linux kernel. Primarily, users jailbreak their devices because of the limitations of iOS. Depending on the method used, the effects of jailbreaking may be permanent or temporary.[192]

In 2010, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) successfully convinced the U.S. Copyright Office to allow an exemption to the general prohibition on circumvention of copyright protection systems under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). The exemption allows jailbreaking of iPhones for the sole purpose of allowing legally obtained applications to be added to the iPhone.[193] The exemption does not affect the contractual relations between Apple and an iPhone owner, for example, jailbreaking voiding the iPhone warranty; however, it is solely based on Apple’s discretion on whether they will fix jailbroken devices in the event that they need to be repaired. At the same time, the Copyright Office exempted unlocking an iPhone from DMCA’s anticircumvention prohibitions.[194] Unlocking an iPhone allows the iPhone to be used with any wireless carrier using the same GSM or CDMA technology for which the particular phone model was designed to operate.[195]

Unlocking

Initially most wireless carriers in the US did not allow iPhone owners to unlock it for use with other carriers. However AT&T allowed iPhone owners who have satisfied contract requirements to unlock their iPhone.[196] Instructions to unlock the device are available from Apple,[197] but it is ultimately the sole discretion of the carrier to authorize the device to be unlocked.[198] This allows the use of a carrier-sourced iPhone on other networks. Modern versions of iOS and the iPhone fully support LTE across multiple carriers despite where the phone was originally purchased from.[199] There are programs to remove SIM lock restrictions, but are not supported by Apple and most often not a permanent unlock – a soft-unlock.[200]

A software unlock is the process by which the iPhone is modified such that the baseband will accept the SIM card of any GSM carrier. This is entirely different from a jailbreak; jailbreaking one’s iPhone does not unlock it. A jailbreak is, however, required for all currently public, unofficial software unlocks.

The legality of software unlocking varies in each country; for example, in the US, there is a DMCA exemption for unofficial software unlocking, but the exemption is limited to devices purchased before January 26, 2013 (so software unlocks for newer devices are in a legal grey area).[201]

Digital rights management

The closed and proprietary nature of iOS has garnered criticism, particularly by digital rights advocates such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation, computer engineer and activist Brewster Kahle, Internet-law specialist Jonathan Zittrain, and the Free Software Foundation who protested the iPad’s introductory event and have targeted the iPad with their “Defective by Design” campaign.[202][203][204][205] Competitor Microsoft, via a PR spokesman, criticized Apple’s control over its platform.[206]

At issue are restrictions imposed by the design of iOS, namely digital rights management (DRM) intended to lock purchased media to Apple’s platform, the development model (requiring a yearly subscription to distribute apps developed for the iOS), the centralized approval process for apps, as well as Apple’s general control and lockdown of the platform itself. Particularly at issue is the ability for Apple to remotely disable or delete apps at will.

Some in the tech community have expressed concern that the locked-down iOS represents a growing trend in Apple’s approach to computing, particularly Apple’s shift away from machines that hobbyists can “tinker with” and note the potential for such restrictions to stifle software innovation.[207][208] Former Facebook developer Joe Hewitt protested against Apple’s control over its hardware as a “horrible precedent” but praised iOS’s sandboxing of apps.[209]

Security and privacy

iOS utilizes many security features in both hardware and software. Below are summaries of the most prominent features.

Secure Boot

Before fully booting into iOS, there is low-level code that runs from the Boot ROM. Its task is to verify that the Low-Level Bootloader is signed by the Apple Root CA public key before running it. This process is to ensure that no malicious or otherwise unauthorized software can be run on an iOS device. After the Low-Level Bootloader finishes its tasks, it runs the higher level bootloader, known as iBoot. If all goes well, iBoot will then proceed to load the iOS kernel as well as the rest of the operating system.[210]

Secure Enclave

The Secure Enclave is a coprocessor found in iOS devices part of the A7 and newer chips used for data protection, Touch ID and Face ID. The purpose of the Secure Enclave is to handle keys and other info such as biometrics that is sensitive enough to not be handled by the Application Processor (AP). It is isolated with a hardware filter so the AP cannot access it. It shares RAM with the AP, but its portion of the RAM (known as TZ0) is encrypted. The secure enclave itself is a flashable 4MB AKF processor core called the secure enclave processor (SEP) as documented in Apple Patent Application 20130308838. The technology used is similar to ARM’s TrustZone/SecurCore but contains proprietary code for Apple KF cores in general and SEP specifically. It is also responsible for generating the UID key on A9 or newer chips that protects user data at rest.[211]

It has its own secure boot process to ensure that it is completely secure. A hardware random number generator is also included as a part of this coprocessor. Each device’s Secure Enclave has a unique ID that is given to it when it is made and cannot be changed. This identifier is used to create a temporary key that encrypts the memory in this portion of the system. The Secure Enclave also contains an anti-replay counter to prevent brute force attacks.[210]

The SEP is located in the devicetree under IODeviceTree:/arm-io/sep and managed by the AppleSEPManager driver.[212]

Face ID

Face ID is a face scanner that is embedded in the notch on iPhone models X, XS, XS Max, XR, 11, 11 Pro, 11 Pro Max, 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max. It can be used to unlock the device, make purchases, and log into applications among other functions. When used, Face ID only temporarily stores the face data in encrypted memory in the Secure Enclave, as described below. There is no way for the device’s main processor or any other part of the system to access the raw data that is obtained from the Face ID sensor.[210]

Passcode

iOS devices can have a passcode that is used to unlock the device, make changes to system settings, and encrypt the device’s contents. Until recently, these were typically four numerical digits long. However, since unlocking the devices with a fingerprint by using Touch ID has become more widespread, six-digit passcodes are now the default on iOS with the option to switch back to four or use an alphanumeric passcode.[210]

Touch ID

Touch ID is a fingerprint scanner that is embedded in the home button and can be used to unlock the device, make purchases, and log into applications among other functions. When used, Touch ID only temporarily stores the fingerprint data in encrypted memory in the Secure Enclave, as described above. There is no way for the device’s main processor or any other part of the system to access the raw fingerprint data that is obtained from the Touch ID sensor.[210]

Address Space Layout Randomization

Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) is a low-level technique of preventing memory corruption attacks such as buffer overflows. It involves placing data in randomly selected locations in memory in order to make it more difficult to predict ways to corrupt the system and create exploits. ASLR makes app bugs more likely to crash the app than to silently overwrite memory, regardless of whether the behavior is accidental or malicious.[213]

Non-Executable Memory

iOS utilizes the ARM architecture’s Execute Never (XN) feature. This allows some portions of the memory to be marked as non-executable, working alongside ASLR to prevent buffer overflow attacks including return-to-libc attacks.[210]

Encryption

As mentioned above, one use of encryption in iOS is in the memory of the Secure Enclave. When a passcode is utilized on an iOS device, the contents of the device are encrypted. This is done by using a hardware AES 256 implementation that is very efficient because it is placed directly between the flash storage and RAM.[210]

iOS, in combination with its specific hardware, uses crypto-shredding when erasing all content and settings by obliterating all the keys in ‘effaceable storage’. This renders all user data on the device cryptographically inaccessible.[214]

Keychain

The iOS keychain is a database of login information that can be shared across apps written by the same person or organization.[210] This service is often used for storing passwords for web applications.[215]

App Security

Third-party applications such as those distributed through the App Store must be code signed with an Apple-issued certificate. In principle, this continues the chain of trust all the way from the Secure Boot process as mentioned above to the actions of the applications installed on the device by users. Applications are also sandboxed, meaning that they can only modify the data within their individual home directory unless explicitly given permission to do otherwise. For example, they cannot access data owned by other user-installed applications on the device. There is a very extensive set of privacy controls contained within iOS with options to control apps’ ability to access a wide variety of permissions such as the camera, contacts, background app refresh, cellular data, and access to other data and services. Most of the code in iOS, including third-party applications, runs as the “mobile” user which does not have root privileges. This ensures that system files and other iOS system resources remain hidden and inaccessible to user-installed applications.[210]

App Store bypasses

Companies can apply to Apple for enterprise developer certificates. These can be used to sign apps such that iOS will install them directly (sometimes called “sideloading”), without the app needing to be distributed via the App Store.[216] The terms under which they are granted make clear that they are only to be used for companies who wish to distribute apps directly to their employees.[216]

Circa January–February 2019, it emerged that a number of software developers were misusing enterprise developer certificates to distribute software directly to non-employees, thereby bypassing the App Store. Facebook was found to be abusing an Apple enterprise developer certificate to distribute an application to underage users that would give Facebook access to all private data on their devices.[217][218][219] Google was abusing an Apple enterprise developer certificate to distribute an app to adults to collect data from their devices, including unencrypted data belonging to third parties.[220][216] TutuApp, Panda Helper, AppValley, and TweakBox have all been abusing enterprise developer certificates to distribute apps that offer pirated software.[221]

Network Security

iOS supports TLS with both low- and high-level APIs for developers. By default, the App Transport Security framework requires that servers use at least TLS 1.2. However, developers are free to override this framework and utilize their own methods of communicating over networks. When Wi-Fi is enabled, iOS uses a randomized MAC address so that devices cannot be tracked by anyone sniffing wireless traffic.[210]

Two-Factor Authentication

Two-factor authentication is an option in iOS to ensure that even if an unauthorized person knows an Apple ID and password combination, they cannot gain access to the account. It works by requiring not only the Apple ID and password, but also a verification code that is sent to an iDevice or mobile phone number that is already known to be trusted.[210] If an unauthorized user attempts to sign in using another user’s Apple ID, the owner of the Apple ID receives a notification that allows them to deny access to the unrecognized device.[222]

Reception

iOS is the second most popular mobile operating system in the world, after Android. Sales of iPads in recent years are also behind Android, while, by web use (a proxy for all use), iPads (using iOS) are still the most popular.[223]

By the middle of 2012, there were 410 million devices activated.[224] At WWDC 2014, Tim Cook said 800 million devices had been sold by June 2014.[225]

During Apple’s quarterly earnings call in January 2015, the company announced that they had sold over one billion iOS devices since 2007.[226][227]

By late 2011, iOS accounted for 60% of the market share for smartphones and tablets.[228] By the end of 2014, iOS accounted for 14.8% of the smartphone market[229] and 27.6% of the tablet and two-in-one market.[230] In February 2015, StatCounter reported iOS was used on 23.18% of smartphones and 66.25% of tablets worldwide, measured by internet usage instead of sales.[231]

In the third quarter of 2015, research from Strategy Analytics showed that iOS adoption of the worldwide smartphone market was at a record low 12.1%, attributed to lackluster performance in China and Africa. Android accounted for 87.5% of the market, with Windows Phone and BlackBerry accounting for the rest.[232][233]

Devices

See also

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Further reading

Hillegass, Aaron; Conway, Jon (March 22, 2012). iOS Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide (3rd ed.). Pearson. ISBN 978-0-321-82152-2.

Turner, Kirby (December 19, 2011). Learning iPad Programming: A Hands-on Guide to Building iPad Apps with iOS 5 (1st ed.). Pearson. ISBN 978-0-321-75040-2.

Mark, Dave; LaMarche, Jeff (July 21, 2009). Beginning iPhone 3 Development: Exploring the iPhone SDK (1st ed.). Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-2459-4.

Mark, Dave; LaMarche, Jeff (December 29, 2009). More iPhone 3 Development: Tackling iPhone SDK 3 (1st ed.). Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-2505-8.

External links

Official website

Official website Dev Center at Apple Developer Connection

iOS Reference Library – on the Apple Developer Connection website

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iOS – Wikipedia

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Trademark Class Finder - IndiaFilings

Trademark registration must fall under one of the 45 class for goods and services as defined by WIPO. Find the trademark class applicable for your goods or services based on our search. Easily find trademark class, complete trademark search and register a trademark on IndiaFilings.

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What are the Procedures of Trademark Registration in India?

Trademark Registration India

The Trademark Registration India was established in India in 1940 and is currently administering the Trademarks Act, 1999, and the rules thereunder. It serves as a tool and information center and as a facilitator in the country’s trademark matters.

Trademarking a Brand Name

By branding your company name, you are protecting the brand, its reputation, your ideas, all of which have undoubtedly invested a great deal of blood, sweat, and tear work on me. While the process of the trademark itself will take time in all areas that are considered, nothing would be worse than not protecting your trademark and potentially facing an infringement lawsuit from a larger company. Trademark Registration India

The process of register a trademark in India is now possible and convenient so that you can trademark any one of the things below or even a combination of the following:

Letter, word, number, phrase, graphics, logo, sound tag, smell, or a combination of colors.

Trademark registration procedures

1.   Browse the internet to get the brand name that is “wacky-enough.”

2.   Preparing the trademark application

3.   Fill out the brand name registration application

4.   Study the process of applying the brand name

5.   Publish your brand in Indian Trade Mark magazines

6.   Issuance of a trademark registration certificate

Step 1: Browse the Internet to get a brand name that is “wacky-enough.”

This is simply a short & best way for any newcomer to get an attractive, trendy, and interesting brand name. Picking up a brand name that is foolish and quirky is definitely a wise step because most generic names will already be in someone’s hands. Moreover, whistling on a specific name requires a quick search to ensure that you do not choose the brand or trademark name that has already in use. The great part here is that you can invent or do a few things with a mixture of generic words to build yourself a unique brand name. Trademark Registration India

Step 2: Prepare the trademark application

With the application the following supporting documents are to be submitted:

1.   Proof of commercial registration: based on your registered business (for example, individual ownership, and so on), proof of identity from company directors and address guides must be provided. In the case of individual businesses, proof of identity of the owner, including a PAN card, an aadhar card can be provided. Whereas, in the case of companies, proof of company address must be provided.

2.   Soft copy of the brand.

3.   The claim proof (which applies) of the proposed mark may be used in another country.

4.   The power of attorney signed by the applicant.

Step 3: Fill out the brand name registration application

Manual packaging and electronic filling are two different ways to deposit a registration.

If you choose “manual fill,” then you have to move personally and hand over your application for registration to the registrar office of brands that are located in major cities in India like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, and Chennai. After that, you have to wait at least 15-20 days to receive the acknowledgment.

But in the case of an electronic filing system, you will receive your receipt to be immediately recognized on the government website. Once after receiving your recognition, you are eligible to use your own brand (TM) symbol next to your brand name!

Moreover, in the event of rejection due to the lack of approval of the name, the applicant will have a second opportunity to re-fill the same Spice form without any additional fees. This means that you get two chances to submit the same form without any additional fees for paying Rs. 1000 / – both times.

In case of incompetence to get the name adopted in the second go, you can submit the spice model again from scratch. This will prove to be cheaper on any given day than to choose the first option.

The whole process including name approval and foundation takes about 2-3 days Trademark Registration India

trademark registration online

Step 4: Study the process of applying a brand name

Once the application has been sent, the registrar will verify whether you have followed some conditions that your brand name, the current law. Furthermore, there should not be any dispute or dispute between existing or pending trademarks for registration. That’s why we preferred you to choose a quirky brand name!

Step 5: Publish your brand in Indian brands magazines

After the examination process, the registrar will publish your trademark name in the Indian trademark mark. This is undoubtedly the most important part of trademark registration, and there should not be any opposition within three months (i.e., 90 days) or 120 days, in some cases, from the date of publication. Then your brand name is to move towards acceptance. Trademark Registration India

Step 6: Issuing a trademark registration certificate

If there is no opposition posed during the stipulated 90-day duration, the registrar must approve your application for a trademark. Hi! This will be the happiest moment as the registrar issues the Trademark Registry Stamp registration certificate.

You can use the registered trademark symbol (®) next to your mark name from the moment your certification is given.

Thus with this blog post, we believe that even a novice can understand all about building a brand name and successfully registering it.

Trademark Class Finder

Trademark Registration India Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

What is a Trademark?

A trademark is a graphic type of a visual symbol representing the trademark and differentiating itself with other traders. It may be a logo, signature, name, mark, term, letters, numbers, types, etc. A trademark symbolizes the identity of the business, so the company decides, after conducting research, to make the brand unique and attractive. As they are intangible or intellectual property assets, they are used for different products or services from other similar products or services produced by a separate organization.

Although trademarks are not mandatory by law or government, it symbolizes the trademark, identity, and quality of the company.

When can the trademark not be registered?

The trademark is supposed to be the company’s assets. Therefore, a similar trademark will not be registered or copied from other organizations. So it should not be identical or copies of other companies. Besides, the trademark, which is fictitious, offensive, identical, contains prohibited elements, etc. It cannot be registered under the law.

Why registered a trademark?

Being an important asset it needs to be registered to prevent the use of your brand name by other business owners. It protects the company’s rights or investments, which it has invested in the brand or logo. An example could be highlighted with the help of giants such as Siemens, Apple, Pepsi, and Coca-Cola that belong to the same industry so far, which indicates separate brands. Likewise, we can find many examples of live companies that carry the trademark as a trademark such as LG, Godrej, etc. The trademark, as the business identity, distinguishes a company with other companies as a trademark. Once registered, the company obtains recognition from trademarks, along with the business name. The brand serves the badge, brand, quality, loyalty, goodwill statement,

How to register a trademark?

Trademark registration does not consist of complicated procedures, only to follow simple procedures. Trademarks are registered under the Trademarks Act, 1999 by the Comptroller General for Patent and Trademark Design, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India to prosecute other merchants in case of company trademark violations.

Who can apply for trademark registration?

Any individual, owner, company, partnership firm, or legal entity can apply to register the trademark, and the symbol ‘TM’ can be used until the registration is approved. Once the trademark is registered, the company may start using® after obtaining the certificate. All the whole process may take up to two years or 18-24 months. The registered trademark is valid for ten years, and it needs to be renewed at a later time.

The brand is a guarantee of service, products, quality, and advertising. So care must be taken of misuse of himself. The brand should not be the same as others.

The documents required for filing a trademark registration application?

To file a trademark application, one must attach the following documents: –

Trademark or copy the logo,

Applicant details – name, address guide, proof of nationality

Company details,

Products or services to be registered

Copy his signed power of attorney on 100Rs. Stamp paper

The first date of use of the trademark before obtaining or applying for registration

The firm may do the work on its own or through a company-owned legal representative. It may also assign the job to some experienced consulting firms with registration business experience.

Trademark process and registration?

As we mentioned, the brand is the visual form that is usually taken as the company logo. The logo is designed by a graphic designer or any Photoshop maker, but one should follow strict guidelines before designing a logo. The company must carry out research through the trademark agent to verify the similarity of the trademark. Such agents check with the Trademark Office to ensure the authenticity of the brand or to never be licensed with any other company. This test can be done through any process, i.e. online verification and offline verification. One may adopt both procedures to double it to ensure accuracy and uniqueness.

Once the brand is verified with reliable resources, the company may operate. In case of duplication, it needs to get redesigned again, and you will have to do the same search again until you find the exclusive brand. Once uniqueness is achieved, the company or representative must request the formulation of an application in addition to the required documents. After filing the application, the company may use ‘™’ until approval is received.

Once the application reaches the Trademark Office, it will check data to avoid duplication. In the case of repeated application, the last application may be rejected. Otherwise, the trademark mentioned in the Trademarks Magazine will be published for a period of four months to verify any sound against the trademark. If anyone creates an objection, the trademark will be in issue for the hearing until the issue is resolved. After all, clarifications received from legal authorities, the trademark can be sent for registration, which will be approved within six months. The order status can be checked or monitored electronically with the order number issued to the owner of the trademark.

Trademarks being intellectual property and intangible assets and held an important place in the business for at least ten years, which will be renewed after ten years. The company may renew the same brand or can apply for a new brand while following the same process mentioned above.

Usually, trademark registration companies have their qualified employees who abide by the entire process responsibilities on behalf of the company with a certain amount of advisory fees or fees. Hearing the charges, and responding to the charges (in the case of the submitted opposition), may be separate from the trademark registration fees. Choose an experienced legal representative or trademark consulting firm to handle the entire registration process until approval.

What kind of trademarks are not registered?

It is not possible to register any trademark, which is identical or deceptive, such as the existing registered trademarks or the trademark to which the registration application was submitted. Also, the trademark that is likely to cause deception, confusion, or that is offensive may not be registered. Also, geographical names, common names, common words, and common abbreviations are not registered as trademarks.

Why do I have to apply for a trademark?

Obtaining a registered trademark has a number of commercial advantages, such as:

1.   Register your trademark to obtain an exclusive right to it.

2.   Protect your brands, such as your company’s other assets and properties.

3.   It will help you protect your hard-earned goodwill in the business.

4.   You can prevent others from promoting the same brand in the same business industry.

5.   It will give you nationwide protection for your trade.

What is a nice rating?

Nice Classification (NCL) is a global system used for the classification of goods and services for registration of a trademark. It has a total of 45 classrooms (1-34 for products and 35-45 for services).

Can I register a trademark before starting work?

Sure, even before starting a business one may register a trademark.

Can I get a global brand?

No. Regional brands are in nature, which means, if you are getting a trademark in India, then it will only be valid for India.

What is the authority to register a trademark?

The registered trademark is valid for ten years from the date of submitting the application. The brand may be renewed again.

When can I use the R or TM code?

The “TM” symbol can be used after filing a trademark application. “R” should be used only after trademark registration. The ® symbol may only be used in relation to the goods and services specified in the certificate of registration.

What is trademark infringement?

Trademark infringement is the unauthorized use of the trademark or service mark in or in connection with the goods and/or services in a way that is likely to cause confusion, deception or error regarding the source of the goods and/or services.

Does my registration of a trademark extend to all types of services and goods?

Trademark registrations are unique to the goods or services they represent. Records are a specific product/service made of a “category” of goods or services that they represent. Therefore, the trademark registration will be valid for the entire category of goods or services that it represents.

Is a digital signature mandatory for trademark registration procedures?

Yes, the authorities authorize applicants to verify all documents they provide, including a request to register a trademark with a Category III digital signature. Our experts will assist you in verifying documents by email.

More Information: https://www.letscomply.com/trademark-registration-india/

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+91-97-1707-0500

info@letscomply.com

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Apollo locations are globally distributed and can be found in Australia, New Zealand, the USA and Canada. All of our branches are located in the immediate vicinity of airports or city centers, making them easy to reach. Apollo always strives to reduce its impact on the environment and promote sustainable tourism. In addition to our membership in "Green Stamp" and "Greenfleet", Apollo is currently developing an environmental plan called "Apollo Envirocare", which will ensure that our earth is preserved for future generations. Start your self-driving adventure with America's premier RV rental company, Apollo Motorhome Holidays. If you are looking to purchase a completely new quality RV vehicle instead of renting it. Apollo strongly recommends Winnebago, Winnebago Caravans, Adria & Talvor RVs. Unfortunately, an error occurred while completing your request. Please try again later or contact us if the error persists. This listing is suitable for damage protection, which covers accidental damage to the interior of the motorhome that occurs during your trip when parked. I would like to receive the regular SHAREaCAMPER newsletter. Apollo always strives to reduce negative environmental impact and promote sustainable tourism. In addition to our membership in "Green Stamp" and "Greenfleet", Apollo is currently developing an environmental plan called "Apollo Envirocare", which will ensure that our earth is preserved for future generations. Since 1997 and 1998, Luke and Karl have initiated significant company expansions by expanding internationally to New Zealand, the United States and Canada.

The vehicle you are looking for can no longer be found. Perhaps the following campers are of interest to you:

Apollo is committed to world-class customer service and great prices.

As the world's leading motorhome rental company, we are proud of our outstanding products, affordable prices and individually tailored service. li >

Apollo is not responsible to the stock exchange and faceless shareholders, but solely to you, our valued customers.

Apollo motorhomes and campers are designed by engineers and by our market-leading Australian motorhome manufacturer Talvor Motorhomes.

Our carefully maintained vehicles are equipped with maps, camping guides and welcome packages, whereby everyday equipment and other special equipment can be rented as an option.

License or renew your current licensed creative images by January 22, 2020 to ensure exclusivity. Express your vacation constantly on the move in search of new and interesting places for which it is essential to have all the necessary services. Enjoy total confidence when traveling with a vehicle from New Zealand's most modern fleet. Apollo vehicles are part of the fleet for a maximum of 3 years and are maintained and maintained in accordance with the highest industrial standards. Enjoy the advantages of a large company with an excellent reputation, in combination with an individual service that pays attention to the smallest details. Apollo is not responsible to the stock exchange and faceless shareholders, but solely to you, our valued customers. Founded in 1985, Apollo, with its 23 offices in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, has grown to become the largest privately owned rental company in the world. As the world's leading motorhome rental company, we are proud of our outstanding products, affordable prices and individually tailored service. Our Cheapa Campa and Hippie Camper brands are cost-effective alternatives for self-drive enthusiasts. We offer cheap prices and have special offers throughout the year. Our incredible $ 1 a day vehicle return special is just a prime example of this. Talvor, the largest motorhome manufacturer in Australia, proudly builds vehicles for Apollo according to our high and demanding standards. Since 1985 Apollo Motorhome Holidays has helped customers enjoy unforgettable self-drive trips. Search for your Apollo camper through our vehicle finder. Everyone from the friendly Apollo team strives to offer you the best possible Apollo service. Enthusiasm, flexibility and efficiency are our key words. Apollo's fleet of first-class campers, motorhomes, off-road vehicles as well as rental cars and a first-class team have ensured that thousands of customers were able to discover Australia, New Zealand and North America. © 2019 Getty Images. The Getty Images design is a registered trademark of Getty Images. It also shows results that are not part of your agreements. Apollo is a family company, which guarantees you as a customer the advantages of personal service, affordable prices and an experienced and long-standing partner in the industry. Here at Apollo it is our pleasure to make your dream of a motorhome trip in the USA come true.

[arcanathirst]

campervans and motorhomes

Our carefully maintained vehicles are equipped with maps, camping site guides and welcome packages, whereby everyday equipment and other special equipment can be rented as an option. The different brands in the Apollo Motorhome Holidays rental fleet were created to meet the needs and finances of our customers.

Services such as 24 hour accident / breakdown assistance and liability reduction options allow you to travel safely and relaxed so that you can put the practical things of life aside and concentrate on your motorhome vacation all by yourself. Enjoy total confidence when traveling with a vehicle from Australia's most modern fleet. Apollo vehicles are part of the fleet for a maximum of 3 years and are maintained and maintained in accordance with the highest industrial standards.

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Apollo is still led by majority shareholders Luke and Karl Trouchet. The management is invested both financially and personally in the company. Apollo rental locations are located throughout Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Canada. All rental stations are located in the immediate vicinity of the airport or city center, making them easy to reach.

About Apollo Motorhome Campervan camping park Holidays

The deregistration is possible at any time. Further information can be found in data protection. offers motorhomes and recreational vehicles for the highest quality standards for renting and buying in New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. were enough and that Grant would be able to develop and manufacture an appealing product. Our Cheapa Campa and Hippie Camper brands are cost-effective alternatives for self-drive enthusiasts.

Search for your Apollo camper through our vehicle finder.

Our exceptional service does not end with the booking, but extends beyond the entire duration of your vehicle rental.

Australia and responsible for the sale of new and used motorhomes and campervans.

Please try again later or contact us if the error persists.

They have created several new companies and brands, such as Hippie Camper, Cheapa Campa and the leading RV manufacturer Talvor. The company is now integrated both vertically and horizontally and has won numerous awards.

Search for your Apollo camper through our vehicle finder. Everyone from the friendly Apollo team strives to offer you the best possible Apollo service. Enthusiasm, flexibility and efficiency are our key words. For more information or to book, please contact our reservation team. Apollo motorhomes and campers are designed by engineers and manufactured by our market-leading Australian motorhome manufacturer Talvor Motorhomes or partners such as Winnebago. In the United States, you can rent our RVs in Denver, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and San Francisco. Start your adventure to drive yourself with the top provider of RV rentals in America, Apollo Motorhome Holidays. If you are looking to purchase a completely new quality RV vehicle instead of renting it. Apollo strongly recommends Winnebago, Winnebago Caravans, Adria & Talvor RVs. Talvor, as Australia's largest motorhome manufacturer, confidently manufactures vehicles for Apollo according to our high and demanding standards. Apollo has dedicated its fine tradition to providing exemplary service to its customers in New Zealand since the company was founded in 1985. Browse 821 winnebago stock photos and images. Or start a new search to discover more stock photos and images. Apollo's fleet of first-class campers, motorhomes, off-road vehicles as well as rental cars and a first-class team have ensured that thousands of customers were able to discover Australia, New Zealand and North America. © 2019 Getty Images. The Getty Images design is a registered trademark of Getty Images. It also shows results that are not part of your agreements.

[amrselim]

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[onlywayleftisup]

big man in big man clothes!!!

my saint forrester c’esthall is supposed to b wearing this cosu as his trademark outfit, but since he doesnt exist ingame fleur wears it. i like to think that im letting flea hold on to this costume until the day i can have forrester ingame, but since i already have a saint and i dont play duplicate classes.. well.. finder’s keeper i guess.