#threaded rod tensile test

[ananka-fasteners]

All Inclusive Guide of ASTM A193 Grade B8LN

ASTM A193 Grade B8LN refers to Specification of High Tensile Bolts, Screws, Stud Bolts, Anchor Bolts, Threaded Rods, and other externally threaded fasteners made from 304LN stainless steel. Material good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance property, due to which material has high demand for various types of industrial applications which especially require high strength and durability.

What is ASTM A193 Grade B8LN?

ASTM A193 is the standard specification by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) on alloy-steel and stainless-steel bolting material for high-temperature or high-pressure service and other special applications. The "B8LN" grade is a bolt specifically manufactured from 304LN stainless steel.

304LN Stainless Steel. It is a sub-group of low-carbon variant of 304 stainless steel, material nitrogen-stabilized after. This is to enhance its strength and resistance to corrosion. In this context, "LN" is an abbreviation that shows this steel content is low in carbon with relation to "L". It is stabilized by adding nitrogen (N). Such alteration helps to prevent precipitation of carbides during welding, thus enhancing the performance of the weld mainly in such processes or applications where the welding occurs.

Chemical Composition

The following are properties of the chemical compositions of ASTM A193 Grade B8LN:

Carbon (C) : ≤ 0.03%

Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00%

Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00%

Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.045%

Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030%

Chromium (Cr): 18.00 - 20.00%

Nickel: - 8.00% - 12.00%

Nitrogen (N): 0.10 - 0.16%

Carbon content is very low which minimizes the chances of intergranular corrosion and nitrogen addition increases tensile strength.

Mechanical Properties

ASTM A193 GRADE B8LN fasteners have impressive mechanical properties:

Tensile Strength: Min. 75,000 psi 515 MPa

Yield Strength: Min. 30,000 psi 205 MPa

Elongation: At least 35%

Brinell hardness: Not more than 223 HB

These qualities make grade B8LN suitable for use in such industry applications where severe conditions are encountered, such as chemical processing plants, oil refineries, etc for it endures high pressure and high-temperature conditions occurring in these industries.

ASTM A193 Grade B8LN Uses/ Applications

Petrochemical and Chemical Processing: Petrochemical and chemical processing plants require excellent corrosion resistance and very high tensile strength of B8LN. These fasteners are essential because they work in aggressive chemicals and extreme temperature applications.

Offshore and Onshore: Drilling operations require these fasteners as they perform their work in high pressure and corrosive environments.

Nuclear and Power Plants: The material is highly resistant to heat and radiation. Hence, the use is found in power-generation facilities, especially in nuclear reactors, where there is a need for stability and strength.

Food processing Equipment: This Stainless steel 304LN can be of great use in food processing since it does not corrode fast and cleaning is easily carried out since this is very hygienic

Benefits of ASTM A193 Grade B8LN

Excellent corrosion resistance with high chromium and nickel content, particularly in aggressive environments.

Low carbon content limits carbide precipitation possibility, thus suitable for welding operations without loss of material integrity.

Nitrogen addition raises the tensile strength, leading to higher strengths, and durability.

Can be applied to various chemical and petrochemical industries, food processing, and power generation purposes.

Comparison to Other Grades

There are so many grades of ASTM A193, but some benefits include B8LN over other grades as follows:

B8: Similar to B8, B8 is made from 304 stainless steel, but is not nitrogen-enhanced. Nitrogen added in B8LN makes it stronger.

B8M: It is used with 316 stainless steel. B8M has a better corrosion resistance than other grades, especially in chloride environments. However, B8LN has a tensile strength greater than that of B8M, which is helpful when high pressure is on the cards.

Conclusion:

Fasteners of ASTM A193 Grade B8LN shall be used to applications that require industrial demand for offering a very high tensile strength at the same time offering excellent corrosion resistance. Composition with lower carbon and enhanced by nitrogen in 304LN stainless steel gives it durability and weldability with resistance against the most severe chemical compounds even in the most rigorous application like in petrochemical plants, power generation facilities, food processing equipment etc. Thus, the properties and benefits of ASTM A193 Grade B8LN ensure proper fastener selection for demanding applications.

FAQs

1. What is the application of ASTM A193 Grade B8LN?

ASTM A193 Grade B8LN is used to make high-tensile bolts, screws, stud bolts, threaded rods, and other externally threaded fasteners for applications where extremely high pressures or temperatures are involved.

2. How is B8LN different from B8?

B8LN differs from B8 with the inclusion of content of nitrogen (N) that provides strength enhancement over and above the standard B8 bolt, since it consists of 304 stainless steel, and it does not contain nitrogen.

3. Are B8LN fasteners weldable?

Yes, because B8LN fasteners can be welded due to low carbon content that prevents carbide precipitation when welded so will avoid corrosion resistance.

4. Is ASTM A193 Grade B8LN suitable for food processing equipment?

Yes, since B8LN features excellent corrosion resistance and toughness it is also suitable for food processing equipment for the sake of hygiene and lifetime.

5. Are B8LN fasteners resistant to chloride environments?

B8LN resists corrosion fairly well and is generally less resistant to chlorides compared with B8M- or 316-stainless-steel fasteners. B8M would probably be a better choice for chloride-rich environments.

Well, if you have further questions or concerns in relation to your job, feel free to ask, and then pick the right fasteners for your jobs.

[rifo1011]

Behind the Scenes with Bolt Manufacturers: How Your Everyday Fasteners Are Made

Bolts are an essential component in almost every industry you can think of, from construction and automotive to electronics and furniture. But have you ever wondered how these everyday fasteners are made? Understanding the intricate process of bolt manufacturing not only gives us an appreciation for these small but mighty tools but also highlights the craftsmanship and technology involved in their production. In this article, we'll take a deep dive into the world of bolt manufacturing, exploring the materials, processes, and quality control measures that ensure each bolt performs its crucial role effectively.

1. Raw Materials: The Foundation of Quality Bolts

The quality of a bolt begins with the raw materials used in its production. Steel is the most common material for bolts due to its strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Depending on the application, bolts may be made from different types of steel, including carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, and even superalloys for high-stress environments. The choice of material impacts the bolt’s strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand extreme conditions.

Carbon Steel: Used for standard bolts, suitable for general applications.

Alloy Steel: Contains additional elements like chromium and molybdenum for enhanced strength and wear resistance.

Stainless Steel: Offers excellent corrosion resistance, ideal for environments exposed to moisture or chemicals.

Superalloys: Designed for extreme conditions, such as high temperatures or high stress.

2. The Bolt Manufacturing Process: From Wire Rod to Finished Product

The journey of a bolt begins with a simple wire rod. This rod undergoes several stages to transform into the final product:

2.1. Wire Drawing

The manufacturing process starts with wire drawing, where a large steel rod is drawn through a series of dies to reduce its diameter. This process also enhances the material's strength by aligning the molecular structure of the steel.

2.2. Cold Heading

Next comes cold heading, a process that shapes the bolt’s head without heating the material. The wire is cut to the required length and then formed into the desired shape using a series of dies and punches. Cold heading is preferred because it maintains the steel's integrity and strength while being cost-effective.

2.3. Thread Rolling

Once the bolt head is formed, the thread rolling process begins. This step involves rolling the blank bolt between two dies to create threads. Unlike cutting, thread rolling displaces the material, which results in stronger threads due to the grain flow of the steel.

3. Heat Treatment: Strengthening the Bolts

After forming, bolts often undergo heat treatment to enhance their mechanical properties. Heat treatment processes such as quenching and tempering adjust the bolt's hardness and strength, making them suitable for different applications. This step is crucial for bolts that need to withstand high stress or extreme environmental conditions.

4. Surface Coating: Enhancing Corrosion Resistance

To ensure bolts last longer and perform well, especially in harsh environments, manufacturers apply surface coatings. Coatings like zinc plating, galvanization, or specialty coatings provide corrosion resistance and reduce wear. The choice of coating depends on the intended use of the bolt and the environmental conditions it will face.

5. Quality Control: Ensuring Every Bolt Meets Standards

Quality control is a critical part of the bolt manufacturing process. Manufacturers use various tests to ensure each bolt meets the required specifications and standards:

Dimensional Checks: Ensuring the bolt's dimensions are within specified tolerances.

Tensile Testing: Measuring the bolt's strength under tension to ensure it can handle the required load.

Hardness Testing: Checking the material's hardness to confirm it has been properly heat-treated.

Corrosion Testing: Evaluating the bolt’s resistance to corrosion in simulated environmental conditions.

6. The Role of Technology in Modern Bolt Manufacturing

Modern bolt manufacturing has evolved significantly with the advent of new technologies. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines and automation have revolutionized the industry, allowing for more precise manufacturing and reduced human error. These advancements have also enabled manufacturers to produce bolts at a faster rate while maintaining high-quality standards.

7. Environmental Considerations in Bolt Manufacturing

As with many manufacturing industries, bolt manufacturers are increasingly focused on sustainability. Efforts to reduce waste, recycle materials, and improve energy efficiency are becoming standard practice. Some manufacturers are also exploring eco-friendly coatings and alternative materials that reduce environmental impact without compromising on performance.

Being A Superior High-Quality Bolt Manufacturer In India

Bhansali Fasteners is one of the biggest bolt manufacturers in India. For fluid transmission in a range of industries, including construction, food, chemicals, oil & gas, and pharmaceuticals, bolts are a great option. They also offer low maintenance costs and benefits for sustainability. They provide security and reliability.

We provide low-cost, high-quality bolts to support efficient and successful work. Our bolts comply with several standards, including ASTM, ASME, ANSI, UNS, and DIN. Our inventory, which comprises different sizes, thicknesses, bars, and grades, satisfies a wide range of needs. In addition, we are a major screw manufacturer in India.

One of the top bolt manufacturers in India is Bhansali Fasteners. Bolts are polished in accordance with the customer's specifications, which include wall thickness and size. Heat treatment is an additional option for applications with higher demands. We produce, provide, and store a large range of bolts in various sizes at the best possible price. Additionally, look at the bolt weight chart.

We are also a Bolt Manufacturers in UAE, Bolt Manufacturer in Bangladesh.

For More Detail

Website: bhansalibolt.com

Product: SS Bolt Manufacturer

Other Product: Fasteners Manufacturers In Saudi Arabia.

[big-bolt-nut]

The Strength of Threads: A Guide to ASTM Stud Bolts and Nuts - Bigboltnut

ASTM stud bolts and nuts are essential components in various industrial applications, known for their reliability and compliance with stringent standards. ASTM, or the American Society for Testing and Materials, provides specifications that ensure these fasteners meet rigorous quality and performance criteria. Stud bolts, which are fully threaded rods with no head, are commonly used in flange connections and high-pressure environments. They are designed to withstand significant mechanical stress and are often paired with heavy hex nuts to secure components in place.

The materials used for ASTM stud bolts and nuts are carefully selected to meet specific mechanical properties, including tensile strength, hardness, and resistance to environmental factors like corrosion. Common materials include carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel, each chosen based on the application requirements. For instance, ASTM A193 specifies alloy and stainless steel for high-temperature or high-pressure service, while ASTM A194 covers nuts that pair with these bolts.

These components are critical in sectors such as petrochemical, oil and gas, power generation, and construction. Their adherence to ASTM standards ensures compatibility, durability, and safety in demanding environments. Proper selection and use of ASTM stud bolts and nuts are crucial for maintaining the integrity and performance of industrial installations.

Source Url: https://www.bigboltnut.com/product/astm-a193-gr-b7.html

[meghmanimetal]

Supplier of Stainless Steel Fasteners In India

Supplier of Stainless Steel Fasteners In India Meghmani Metal Industries are One of the Leading Brand name as a manufacturer, Suppliers & Stockist of All Types of Industrial Raw Materials With SS, MS, Aluminum, Brass, Coppers and Etc. Meghmani Metal Industries is associated manufacturers & prominent supplier suited in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. We understand the importance of providing high-quality Stainless Steel Fasteners. Our Stainless Steel Fasteners Have About 18% Chromium And 8% Nickel. They Have Various Appreciable Features Like Low Carbon Content, High Resistance To Corrosion And Rusting, Easy Hardening Properties, Etc. Our Stainless Steel Fasteners product range includes: Hexagon head bolts Hexagon head screws Round head square neck bolts Hexagon socket countersink head cap screws in full thread and half thread Hexagon socket button flange screws Square nuts Square weld nuts Hexagon weld nuts Thick nyloc nuts Hexagon flange bolts Threaded rods Dowel screws and more. To provide top-quality products to our customers and partners, all items undergo rigorous testing and quality checks. Our Stainless Steel Fastener plant is equipped with various testing facilities, such as Tensile Testing Machines, Hardness Tests, IGC Tests, and Positive Material Identification Tests. Tensile Testing Machine Tests are also known as tension tests. Meghmani Metal is a prominent of Supplier of Stainless Steel Fasteners In India, serving various locations, including Mehsana, Surat, Rajkot, Gandhidham, Silvassa, Daman, Ankleshwar, Bhavnagar, Surendranagar, Bhuj, Dahej, Vadodara, Surat, Vapi, Valsad, Kheda, Anand, Nadiad, Naroda, Odhav, Kathwada, Sanand, Sarkhej, Satej, Kheda, Kadi, Kalol, Vatva, Kathwada, Rakhial, Naroda, Jamnagar, Junagarh, Amreli, Modasa, Himmatnagar, Deesa, Palanpur, Gandhinagar, Bhalla, Rajkot, Morbi, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, Tamilnadu, Rajasthan, Uttarpradesh, Odisha, Aandhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, Karnataka, Assam. If you are interested in our products, feel free to contact us via call or email. Read the full article

[artivarma]

GI Threaded Rod in Ahmedabad

GI Threaded Rod in Ahmedabad

Introduction

When it comes to fastenings that require strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion, GI threaded rods are an excellent choice. In Ahmedabad, these threaded rods are widely used in various industries, including construction, electrical, and plumbing systems. In this article, we will explore the features, advantages, applications, and quality standards of GI threaded rods. Additionally, we will provide insights into choosing the right threaded rod and where to buy them in Ahmedabad.

What is GI Threaded Rod?

GI Threaded Rod in Ahmedabad, also known as galvanized iron threaded rod, is a type of fastener that consists of a long, cylindrical rod with threads along its length. These rods are typically made of mild steel and undergo a galvanization process to enhance their corrosion resistance. The galvanization involves coating the rod with a layer of zinc, which acts as a protective barrier against rust and other forms of corrosion.

Advantages of GI Threaded Rod

GI threaded rods offer several advantages that make them a preferred choice in various applications:

Corrosion Resistance: The galvanized coating on GI Threaded Rod in Ahmedabad provides excellent resistance against rust and corrosion, making them suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

Strength and Durability: GI threaded rods are known for their high tensile strength, ensuring reliable and long-lasting fastenings.

Easy Installation: With their threaded design, these rods can be easily installed by securing nuts and washers at both ends, providing a secure and adjustable connection.

Applications of GI Threaded Rod

GI threaded rods find extensive usage in different industries and applications:

Construction Industry: In construction projects, GI threaded rods are used for anchoring structures, connecting beams and columns, and providing stability in concrete applications.

Electrical and Mechanical Installations: These rods are employed in electrical and mechanical installations to secure equipment, conduits, and brackets.

Plumbing Systems: GI threaded rods are utilized in plumbing systems for hanging pipes, supporting fixtures, and ensuring stability.

Choosing the Right GI Threaded Rod

Selecting the appropriate GI threaded rod is crucial to ensure optimal performance. Consider the following factors when choosing:

Length and Diameter: Determine the required length and diameter based on the specific application and load-bearing requirements.

Thread Type: Choose the appropriate thread type, such as fully threaded or partially threaded, depending on the desired connection strength and flexibility.

Material Grade: GI threaded rods are available in different material grades. Select the grade that suits the environmental conditions and load capacity.

Quality Standards for GI Threaded Rod

To ensure the reliability and quality of GI threaded rods, they must adhere to certain standards:

ensure their quality. The IS standards specify the requirements for dimensions, mechanical properties, and galvanization thickness of GI threaded rods.

Testing and Certification: Reliable manufacturers subject their threaded rods to rigorous testing to validate their strength, corrosion resistance, and overall quality. Look for rods that come with certifications from recognized testing authorities.

Where to Buy GI Threaded Rod in Ahmedabad?

If you're in Ahmedabad and looking to purchase GI threaded rods, you have a few options:

Local Hardware Stores: Visit hardware stores in Ahmedabad that specialize in fasteners and construction materials. They often stock GI threaded rods in various sizes and grades.

Online Suppliers: Another convenient option is to explore online suppliers and e-commerce platforms that offer a wide range of threaded rods. Check customer reviews, compare prices, and ensure that the supplier has a reliable delivery network.

When purchasing GI threaded rods, consider factors such as product quality, competitive pricing, and prompt customer service.

Conclusion

GI Threaded Rod in Ahmedabad are indispensable when it comes to secure and durable fastenings. Their corrosion resistance, strength, and easy installation make them a popular choice across industries in Ahmedabad. By selecting the right threaded rod based on length, diameter, thread type, and material grade, you can ensure optimal performance for your specific applications. Remember to look for quality standards and certifications when purchasing GI threaded rods. Whether you visit local hardware stores or explore online suppliers, make an informed choice to acquire reliable and high-quality threaded rods for your projects in Ahmedabad.

[jbtrenchless]

Factors to Consider When Choosing Drill Rods for Your Mining Operation

Introduction: In the mining industry, drill rods play a crucial role in the drilling process. Choosing the right drill rods is essential for optimizing productivity, ensuring safety, and minimizing downtime. With a wide variety of options available, selecting the most suitable Drill rods for your mining operation can be a challenging task. In this blog post, we will discuss the key factors you should consider when choosing drill rods to ensure efficient and effective drilling operations.

Material Strength and Durability: The strength and durability of drill rods are vital considerations in mining operations. The rods should be able to withstand the high stress and abrasive conditions encountered during drilling. Common materials used for drill rods include high-strength alloy steel and premium grades of stainless steel. These materials offer excellent resistance to wear, corrosion, and bending, ensuring longer service life and minimizing the need for frequent replacements. Consider the hardness, tensile strength, and impact resistance of the drill rods to ensure they can withstand the demanding mining environment.

Thread Type and Compatibility: Drill rods must have compatible threads with the drilling equipment being used. Different manufacturers may have their thread designs, so it's crucial to select drill rods that can seamlessly integrate with your existing equipment or future purchases. Common thread types include API, IF, and BECO, among others. Ensure that the Drill rods you choose have the appropriate thread type and size for a secure and reliable connection to the drilling tools, such as drill bits and couplings.

Weight and Length: The weight and length of drill rods can impact drilling efficiency and operator comfort. Longer drill rods allow for deeper drilling without the need for frequent rod changes, increasing productivity. However, longer rods also tend to be heavier, requiring additional equipment for handling and potentially affecting operator fatigue. Consider the balance between rod length and weight to optimize drilling performance while ensuring the safety and well-being of the drilling team.

Rod Diameter and Wall Thickness: The diameter and wall thickness of Drill rods should be carefully selected based on the specific drilling requirements of your mining operation. Thicker walls offer increased strength and durability, ideal for drilling in hard rock formations. However, thicker walls can reduce the inside diameter of the rod, affecting the flow of drilling fluids and the ability to extract cuttings effectively. Evaluate the geological conditions and drilling parameters to determine the optimal balance between rod diameter, wall thickness, and fluid flow requirements for efficient drilling operations.

Manufacturing Quality and Certification: When choosing drill rods, it's essential to consider the manufacturing quality and certifications of the supplier. Reliable suppliers adhere to strict quality control processes, ensuring that the Drill rods meet industry standards and specifications. Look for suppliers who provide traceability and documentation of the rods' manufacturing process, including material composition, heat treatment, and testing procedures. Choosing high-quality drill rods from reputable suppliers reduces the risk of premature failure, enhances safety, and maximizes drilling efficiency.

Conclusion: Selecting the right Drill rods is a critical decision for the success of your mining operation. Considering factors such as material strength, thread compatibility, weight and length, rod diameter and wall thickness, and manufacturing quality will help you make an informed choice. By choosing drill rods that are durable, compatible, and suitable for your specific drilling requirements, you can optimize productivity, ensure safety, and minimize downtime in your mining operations. Remember to consult with experienced professionals and suppliers to make the best decision for your unique needs.

For more information...

JB Trenchless

[fishonae]

Ocean Devil Silk Ocean Jigging

SILK OCEAN Premium PE line for slow Jigging

Silk Ocean PE line, an OceanDevil development of the finest quality of Japanese 8 strand fibers, with cutting edge technology that delivers the lowest braid diameter with the highest drag test on the market. The Silk Ocean is an Eight-strand braided PE thread with smoothness and sensitivity

Made of super-eight-strand weaving technology, it is made by a wire-reinforced process. The fiber is solid and even, achieving ultra-low stretch, showing high tensile performance, smooth surface coating, and improved wear resistance. With smoothness, sensitivity, and ultra-low ductility! The Braid is designed for Slow Pitch Jigging, the unique design of the braid allows the angler to deliver the rod pitch movements in unmatched accuracy, you pitch, the braid reacts and delivers the movement clearly without observing water and unnecessary stretch. Silk Ocean is designed with five color patterns that change every 10 meters, the color change is known to assist in accurate jig placement in desired depths.

The Silk Ocean is our number one choice for PE braid designed for slow and fast jigging.

[giwiremanufacturer1]

Gi Wire Manufacturer: Providing High-Quality Wire For A Variety Of Applications

Wire has been an essential component of everyday life since its invention. It is used in infrastructure, telecommunications, and manufacturing, just to name a few applications. As such, the quality of wire being produced is paramount for safety and efficiency. That’s why GI Wire manufacturers are so important – they provide high-quality and reliable wires for a variety of uses. Like a spider spinning their web from the finest threads, these companies create wire that can be trusted to perform under pressure.

GI Wire manufacturers specialize in creating galvanized iron (GI) wires with superior strength and durability relative to other types of metal wires. The process begins with carbon steel rods which undergo hot dip galvanizing or electroplating; this results in a corrosion-resistant layer on the outside of the rod that improves its lifespan significantly. From there, multiple processes are employed depending on the intended application; shaping, coiling, weaving, drawing into filaments etc., all contribute to giving it desired properties like flexibility or tensile strength.

The end result is a product that meets stringent international standards while also providing cost savings through longer lifespans compared to traditional alternatives. In this article we will dive deeper into how GI Wire manufacturer provides high-quality wire for various commercial applications as well as explore some of the benefits associated with using them.

1. Overview Of Gi Wire

GI wire is symbolic of a strong, versatile material that serves an essential purpose in many different industries. It has become integral to countless processes and applications with its ability to withstand extreme temperatures, pressures, and corrosive elements. As such, it is important for GI wires to be manufactured with high-quality standards to ensure they can perform reliably under demanding conditions.

Manufacturers of GI wires must not only guarantee the highest purity levels but also meet stringent specifications in terms of size, flexibility, tensile strength, electrical resistance and other physical characteristics. In addition, each batch should undergo strict testing procedures before being released into the market as this ensures consistent quality throughout production runs.

By providing reliable products that exhibit outstanding performance even in challenging situations, manufacturers of GI wire are able to maintain their competitive edge while ensuring customer satisfaction. This allows them to stay ahead of industry trends and keep up with the ever-evolving needs of their customers.

2. Gi Wire Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of GI (Galvanized Iron) wire involves a few important steps that need to be carried out in order for the final product to meet high-quality standards. Firstly, the raw material is prepared by cutting and straightening it into specific lengths and sizes as per customer specifications. The next step is galvanizing or coating the iron with zinc to enhance its corrosion resistance and extend its lifespan. This can be done through either hot-dip galvanizing or electroplating processes depending on the nature of the application. After this, quality control tests are conducted to ensure that all the required parameters such as tensile strength, ductility, elongation percentage, etc., are met according to industry regulations.

Apart from these production-related tasks, additional measures like oiling and packaging also play an essential role in ensuring maximum safety during storage and transportation of the finished goods. Packaging helps protect them from dust, moisture and other external factors while shipping them over long distances. Furthermore, metal detectors may be used at various stages throughout the production cycle in order to detect any foreign objects which might have been unintentionally incorporated during processing.

In short, GI Wire manufacturers provide their customers with products made according to strict quality requirements utilizing advanced technologies and rigorous testing methods before they reach the market. By following best practices during manufacture, they guarantee reliable performance regardless of different applications needs so that users can benefit from cost savings due to longer life expectancy without compromising on quality output or safety standards.

3. Benefits And Applications Of Gi Wire

As opposed to the process of manufacturing GI Wire, a discussion on the benefits and applications of it is now in order. This galvanized iron wire serves a variety of purposes with its high-quality features that make it desirable for use. Here are three key advantages of using this material:

1) Corrosion resistance – The zinc coating prevents rusting due to exposure to moisture or other environmental conditions.

2) Durability – It can withstand extreme weather elements such as heat, cold, sunlight and rain.

3) Cost effective – The low cost makes it an attractive option compared to other materials.

These qualities make GI Wire suitable for numerous applications including electrical wiring, construction projects, gardening, fencing, art and craft work. Additionally, because of its strength and durability, GI Wire also finds uses in reinforcement structures such as bridges and buildings. Its ease of installation further adds value to its usage in various industries like automotive, marine and aerospace engineering where precision is essential.

It is evident then that GI Wire has many beneficial properties which have made it one of the most preferred choices among manufacturers worldwide. From corrosion resistance to affordability; from structural support to artistic creativity; there are countless ways Gi wire can be used across diverse fields making it an indispensable commodity in today’s world.

4. Why Choose A Reputable Gi Wire Manufacturer

The journey of finding the right GI wire manufacturer is like a treasure hunt. It requires researching for the best quality products, customer service, and reliable suppliers. In this article, we will explore why it is important to choose a reputable GI Wire Manufacturer when looking for high-quality wires for various applications.

First, selecting an experienced company with a proven track record in producing GI Wire provides assurance that you are getting the best possible product available. A reputable supplier also has access to innovative technologies which can be used to create top quality wires tailored to your specific needs. Additionally, they offer custom solutions so you can get exactly what you need without having to compromise on quality or cost. Finally, these companies often have long warranty periods and provide excellent after sales support services.

Another reason to select a trusted provider is because they are likely to be able to source materials from reliable sources at competitive prices. This gives customers peace of mind knowing that their purchase decision was based on value and not just price alone. Furthermore, if there ever arises any issues with their product down the line then they should have recourse against the supplier as well as being covered by any warranties offered.

In today’s market place it pays dividends to conduct thorough research before making any buying decisions and choosing a reputed GI Wire Manufacturer ensures that you receive only the highest quality product at an affordable price point backed up by excellent post-sales service. Therefore it makes sense to invest time into comparing different vendors and make sure you pick one who meets all of your requirements while offering great value for money too .

Conclusion

The selection of a GI wire manufacturer is an important decision for any business. It determines the quality, reliability and safety of their end product. A reputable company will provide high-quality wire that meets industry standards while offering superior customer service. With such an array of options available, how do you know which one to choose?

Ultimately, it comes down to understanding your requirements and researching the various GI wire suppliers on the market. This includes looking at their manufacturing process, benefits, applications and customer testimonials. Once you have narrowed down your list of potential companies, contact each one directly and ask about pricing, delivery times and availability of custom orders. Also make sure to inquire about additional services they offer like testing or certifications.

By selecting a reliable GI wire manufacturer with experience in providing clients with high-quality products, businesses can rest assured knowing their projects are in safe hands. Taking time to research all aspects of a potential supplier helps ensure that customers get exactly what they need without having to worry about costly delays or substandard components damaging final products.

[fixdex-fastening-technology]

How to test the hardness of threaded rod and wedge anchor

[keneng2022]

What Basic Knowledge Do You Need To Know About Fasteners?

The fastener is a kind of mechanical part used for fastening connections and is widely used. Various fasteners can be seen on various machinery, equipment, vehicles, ships, railways, bridges, buildings, structures, tools, instruments, meters, and supplies. It is characterized by a wide range of varieties and specifications, different performances and uses, and a high degree of standardization, serialization, and generalization. Therefore, some people also call a type of fastener with national standards standard fasteners or simply standard fasteners. Fasteners are the most widely used mechanical basic components.

Standardized fasteners are mechanical parts for connection. Standard fasteners mainly include bolts, studs, screws, set screws, nuts, washers, rivets, etc. There are many structural types of bolts, most of which have hexagonal heads. For bolts subject to impact, vibration, or variable load, to increase flexibility, their polished rod parts are made into thin sections or hollow. The base end of the stud is screwed into the threaded hole of the connected part, and the nut used at the nut end is similar to the bolt nut. The structure of the screw is the same as that of the bolt, but the head shape is diverse to adapt to different assembly spaces, tightening degrees, and connection appearance. Set screws have different head and end shapes to adapt to different tightening degrees. There are also many types of nuts, with hexagons being the most widely used.

With China's accession to the WTO in 2001, it has entered the ranks of international trade powers. A large number of Chinese fastener products are exported to countries all over the world, and fastener products from countries all over the world are also pouring into the Chinese market. Due to the specification, size, tolerance, weight, performance, surface condition, and marking method of each specific fastener product, as well as the specific requirements for acceptance inspection, marking, packaging, and other items.

The most important link between fastener development and design is quality control. There are several gates from feeding to finished product delivery, and these gates have different inspection methods. First of all, the incoming materials are related to the appearance, size, elements, performance, detection of harmful substances, etc; In terms of process, more attention is paid to appearance, size, knock test, and forging streamlining; Heat treatment is more about appearance, hardness, torque, tension, metallography, etc; Surface treatment is more about hydrogen embrittlement test, coating, salt spray, etc., including a hazardous substance test for shipment. In terms of size and appearance inspection, the common ones are the two-dimensional element, contour measuring instrument, coordinate measuring instrument, and image sorter (this is a full sorter); In terms of mechanical and chemical testing, there are mainly hardness machines (Rockwell and Vickers), tensile machines and metallographic microscopes; For material detection, there is a spectrum analyzer and a salt spray tester.

Fasteners include bolts, studs, screws, nuts, washers, and pins. Locking or seizure often occurs on fasteners made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and titanium alloy materials. These metal alloys have anti-corrosion properties and will produce a thin oxide layer on the metal surface to prevent further corrosion when the surface is damaged. When the stainless steel fastener is locked, the pressure and heat generated between the tooth lines will destroy this oxide layer, causing blocking or shearing between the metal threads, thus causing adhesion. When this phenomenon continues to occur, the stainless steel fastener will be completely locked and can no longer be removed or locked.

Usually, this series of blocking, shearing, sticking, and locking actions occur in just a few seconds, so correct understanding and use of such fasteners can prevent this phenomenon.

1. Select products correctly

a. Before use, confirm whether the mechanical properties of the product can meet the use requirements, such as the tensile strength of the screw and the guaranteed load of the nut. The length of the screw shall be appropriate, and it shall be subject to 1-2 tooth pitches of the nut exposed after tightening.

b. Before use, check whether the threads are rough and whether there are iron filings or dirt between the threads, which often lead to locking.

c. The fasteners can be lubricated before use. It is recommended to use grease, molybdenum disulfide, mica, graphite, or talcum powder for lubrication. Generally, wax dipping is used for lubrication and anti-locking.

2. Pay attention to the use of method

a. The speed and force of screwing in shall be appropriate, not too fast or too large. The torque wrench or socket wrench shall be selected as far as possible, and the adjustable wrench or electric wrench shall be avoided. If the speed is too fast, the temperature will rise rapidly, resulting in locking.

b. In the direction of force application, the nut must be screwed perpendicular to the axis of the screw.

c. The use of washers can effectively prevent the problem of overlocking.

Stainless steel standard fasteners have their requirements for production materials. Most stainless steel materials can be made into steel wire or bar for fastener production, including austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, and precipitation hardening stainless steel. What are the principles in selecting materials? The selection of stainless steel materials is mainly considered from the following aspects:

1. Requirements on mechanical properties of fastener materials, especially strength;

2. Requirements of working conditions on corrosion resistance of materials;

3. Requirements of working temperature on heat resistance (high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance) of materials;

4. Requirements for material processing performance in terms of the production process;

5. Other aspects, such as weight, price, and purchase, should be considered.

Standards for fastener product dimensions: Specify the basic product dimensions; The products with the thread also include the basic size of the thread, thread ending, shoulder distance, undercut and chamfer, and the end size of external thread parts. 2. Standards on technical conditions of fasteners. It mainly includes product tolerance, mechanical properties, surface defects, surface treatment, product test standards, and relevant specific provisions. 3. Standards for acceptance inspection, marking, and packaging of screw products: specify the qualified quality level and sampling plan of spot check items during factory acceptance, as well as the content of product marking methods and packaging requirements. 4. Marking method standards for standard parts, fasteners, screws, and screws: specify the complete marking method and simplified marking method of products. 5. Standards for fasteners in other aspects: such as standards for fastener terminology, standards for fastener product weight, etc.

At present, there are many fastener manufacturers in the market, but we should try to choose a company with security when purchasing fasteners. KENENG is a fastener manufacturer with more than 10 years of manufacturing experience. As one of the fastener suppliers, we have advanced multi station fastener upsetting equipment and various special-shaped fastener cutting machines. The annual sales volume of various fasteners reaches 100000 tons. We are also a supplier of industrial fasteners. Our company can customize non-standard fasteners of various shapes according to customer drawings or samples. Especially good at special fasteners, special fasteners, non-standard fasteners, such as super long screws, shoulder screws, custom nuts, etc. Our processing includes cold forming, hot forging, CNC, etc.

If you have any needs, please contact KENENG, and we will provide you with the best service.

[lucy-betterscrewco]

Steel Push Piers

Pier Tube

      3.0-inch Outside Diameter (O.D.) x 0.120inch wall tube steel, ultimate tensile strength = 80,000 psi 

       (min.), yield tensile strength = 70,000 psi (min.)

Tube Reinforcing Insert

      2.75inch O.D. x 0.120inch wall tube steel, ultimate tensile strength = 80,000 psi (min.), 

      yield tensile strength = 70,000 psi (min.)

Bracket Tube

      3.875-inch O.D. x 3.125-inch Inside Diameter (I.D.) x 10-inch long DOM mechanical steel tubing 

      conforming to ASTM 513 – Type 5 / Grade 1026. Ultimate tensile strength = 100,000 psi (min.), 

      yield tensile strength = 90,000 psi (min.)

Angle Bracket

      0.5-inch thick flat plate conforming to ASTM A-36 hot rolled steel bent to form a 90 degree angle 

      with equal sides of approximately 8 inches. Ultimate tensile strength = 58,000 psi (min.), yield 

      tensile strength = 36,000 psi (min.)

Bracket Support Strap

      0.375-inch thick x 3 inches wide x 21.25 inches flat bar conforming to ASTM A-36 hot rolled steel 

      which is bent into a “horseshoe” shape around the bracket tube. Ultimate tensile strength = 58,000 psi 

      (min.), yield tensile strength = 36,000 psi (min.)

Top Plate

      0.75-inch thick x 5.5 inches wide x 9.5 inches long conforming to ASTM A-36 hot rolled steel. Ultimate 

      tensile strength = 58,000 psi (min.), yield tensile strength = 36,000 psi (min.)

Cap Plate

      1.0-inch thick x 4.0 inches wide x 8.5 inches long conforming to ASTM A36 hot rolled steel. Ultimate 

       tensile strength = 58,000 psi (min.), yield tensile strength = 36,000 psi (min.)

Weld

      E71T1, minimum tensile strength = 71,000 psi – Conforms to AWS standard.

Threaded Rod

     0.75-inch diameter x 12 inches long ASTM A311 – Class B / Grade 8 Zinc Plated. Ultimate tensile 

     strength = 150,000 psi, yield tensile strength = 130,000 psi

Capacity

     Foundation Pier System, which includes pier tube, tube reinforcing insert and foundation bracket, 

     tested by an Independent Laboratory to peak loads exceeding 70,000 pounds (70 kips).

Notes: OEM service is available, different materials and specifications can be customized according to your demands.

https://hkimg.bjyyb.net/sites/46000/46296/20190920152803264.webp?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_100

[sgearthingelectrode]

Copper Bonded Earth Rod Manufacturer & Supplier

SG Earthing Electrode is one of the foremost Manufacturer of Copper Bonded Earth Rod. We are a number one manufacturer and supplier of a good range of Copper Bonded Earth Rod for our clients. These products are manufactured using superior quality staple which is sourced from the foremost reliable vendors of the market. The products offered by us are in strict accordance with the international norms. These products are available at the foremost affordable rates to our clients. The products that we provide to our clients are made under the guidance of our quality check experts who make sure that we deliver only good quality products to our clients. These products are in huge demand across the world and are widely appreciated for his or her efficiency, high conductivity, and low maintenance. We provide copper bonded earth rods, copper bonded rods, copper bonded earthing rods, copper bonded electrodes, copper bonded ground rods, and copper bonded grounding rods.

SG Power is the largest manufacturer of Copper Bonded Earth rods in India and is continuously working towards providing better technology and merchandise to satisfy and exceed its customer's requirements from time to time with the incorporation of innovative design and implementation of leading-edge technology. Copper bonded earth rods are the perfect driven earth electrodes, as they provide the installer a cheap and efficient earth rod grounding system. Pure electrolyte copper is uniformly molecularly bonded into a high tensile steel core to a minimum thickness of 0.254 mm, thus ensuring excellent corrosion resistance and eliminating electrolytic action. Coupling threads are formed by a rolling process to make sure thread strength and to take care of the integrity of the molecularly bonded copper.

FEATURES

CPRI Tested

It is long-lasting and free from maintenance

Unique manufacturing process ensures uniform copper coating thickness

It is straightforward to put in and is unbreakable

Corrosion free while providing rock bottom resistance to ground

Variable choices are manufactured so as to satisfy the purchaser's demand

ADVANTAGE

Corrosion resistant surface

Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity

Advanced technology with effective engineering

Easy to put in

  Contact Us

Mr. R. K. Sharma Mobile: +91-9818074274 Address: I-Thum, A-807, Tower A, Block A, Industrial Area, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India – 201301

[little-p-eng-engineering]

CSA Z 662 Reference publications and definitions

June 13, 2020

P.Eng.

Meena Rezkallah

2.1 Reference publications     There is a commentary available for this Clause. This Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below, unless the user finds it more appropriate to use newer or amended editions of such publications. CSA Group A3000-13 Cementitious materials compendium A3001-13 Cementitious materials for use in concrete A3002-13 Masonry and mortar cement B51-14 Boiler, Pressure Vessel, and Pressure Piping Code B137 Series-13 Thermoplastic pressure piping compendium B149.1-10 Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code B149.2-10 Propane Storage and Handling Code C22.1-15 Canadian Electrical Code, Part I CAN/CSA-C22.3 No. 4-13 Control of electrochemical corrosion of underground metallic structures CAN/CSA-C22.3 No. 6-13 Principles and practices of electrical coordination between pipelines and electric supply lines PLUS 663-04 Land use planning for pipelines: A guideline for local authorities, developers, and pipeline operators S408-1981-11 Guidelines for the development of limit states design standards CAN/CSA-S471-04 (withdrawn) General requirements, design criteria, the environment, and loads

W48-14 Filler metals and allied materials for metal arc welding W59-13 Welded steel construction (metal arc welding) W178.2-14 Certification of welding inspectors Z245.1-14 Steel pipe Z245.6-06 (R2011) Coiled aluminum line pipe and accessories Z245.11-13 Steel fittings Z245.12-13 Steel flanges Z245.15-13 Steel valves Z245.20 Series-14 Plant-applied external coatings for steel pipe Z245.20-14 Plant-applied external fusion bond epoxy coating for steel pipe Z245.21-14 Plant-applied external polyethylene coating for steel pipe Z245.22-14 Plant-applied external polyurethane foam insulation coating for steel pipe Z245.30-14 Field-applied external coatings for steel pipeline systems Z246.1-13 Security management for petroleum and natural gas industry systems Z276-15 Liquefied natural gas (LNG) — Production, storage, and handling Z341 Series-14 Storage of hydrocarbons in underground formations CAN/CSA-Z731-03 (R2014) Emergency preparedness and response

CAN/CSA-ISO 9001-08 (R2014) Quality management systems — Requirements CAN/CSA-ISO 31000-10 Risk management — Principles and guidelines AGA (American Gas Association) B109.1-2000 (R2008) Diaphragm-Type Gas Displacement Meters (Under 500 Cubic Feet per Hour Capacity) (Catalogue # XQ0008) API (American Petroleum Institute) 5L-2012 (SPEC) Specification for Line Pipe 5LCP-2006 (R2013) (SPEC) Coiled Line Pipe 6D-2014 (SPEC) Specification for Pipeline and Piping Valves 15HR-2001 (R2010) (SPEC) High Pressure Fiberglass Line Pipe 15LE-2008 (R2013) (SPEC) Polyethylene (PE) Line Pipe 15S-2006 (R2013) (RP) Qualification of Spoolable Reinforced Plastic Line Pipe 17J-2014 (SPEC) Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe 17K-2005 (R2010) (SPEC) Specification for Bonded Flexible Pipe 510-20146 (STD) Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration 572-2009 (RP) Inspection Practices for Pressure Vessels 576-2009 (RP) Inspection of Pressure-relieving Devices 599-2013 (STD) Metal Plug Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding Ends 600-2009 (STD) Steel Gate Valves-Flanged and Butt-welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets

602-2009 (STD) Steel Gate, Globe and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100 and Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries 608-2012 (STD) Metal Ball Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding Ends 609-2009 (STD) Butterfly Valves: Double-flanged, Lug- and Wafer-type 610-2010 (STD) Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries 617-2002 (R2009) (STD) Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services 618-2007 (STD) Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services 650-2013 (STD) Welded Tanks for Oil Storage 651-2007 (RP) Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks 652-2005 (RP) Linings of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms 653-2009 (STD) Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction 1604-1996 (R2010) (RP) Closure of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks 2015-2014 (STD) Requirements for Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks 2028-2002 (R2010) (RP) Flame Arresters in Piping Systems 2350-2012 (STD) Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities 2610-2005 (R2010) (STD) Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Terminal & Tank Facilities Q1-2013 (SPEC) Specification for Quality Management System Requirements for Manufacturing Organizations for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry

ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers) B1.1-2003 (R2008) Unified Inch Screw Threads, (UN and UNR Thread Form) B1.20.1-2013 Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch B16.1-2010 Gray Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 25, 125, and 250 B16.5-2013 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard B16.9-2012 Factory-Made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings B16.11-2011 Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded B16.20-2012 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges: Ring Joint, Spiral Wound, and Jacketed B16.21-2011 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges B16.24-2011 Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 B16.33-2009 Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping Systems up to 175 psi (Sizes NPS ½ through NPS2) B16.34-2013 Valves Flanged, Threaded and Welding End B16.36-2009 Orifice Flanges B16.40-2013 Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs and Valves in Gas Distribution Systems B16.47-2011 Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 through NPS 60 Metric/Inch Standard B16.48-2010 Line Blanks B16.49-2012 Factory-Made, Wrought Steel, Buttwelding Induction Bends for Transportation and Distribution Systems

B18.2.1-2012 Square, Hex, Heavy Hex, and Askew Head Bolts and Hex, Heavy Hex, Hex Flange, Lobed Head, and Lag Screws (Inch Series) B18.2.2-2010 Nuts for General Applications: Machine Screw Nuts, Hex, Square, Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts (Inch Series) B31G-2012 Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines B31.3-2012 Process Piping B31.8-2012 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems B31.8S-2012 Managing System Integrity of Gas Pipelines B36.19M-2004 (R2010) Stainless Steel Pipe Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2013: Section II: Materials Section V: Nondestructive Examination Section VIII: Pressure Vessels — Division 1 Section VIII: Pressure Vessels — Division 2 — Alternative Rules Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications PCC-2-2015 Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials) A53/A53M-12 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless A105/A105M-13 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications A106/A106M-14 Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service A126-04 (R2014) Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings

A193/A193M-14 Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications A194/A194M-14 Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure or High-Temperature Service, or Both A216/A216M-14 Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service A234/A234M-13e1 Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service A268/A268M-10 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service A269-14e1 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service A307-12 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength A320/A320M-14 Standard Specification for Alloy/Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service A333/A333M-13 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service and Other Applications with Required Notch Toughness A350/A350M-13 Standard Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components A352/A352M-06 (2012) Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service A354-11 Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners A381-96 (2012) Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use with High-Pressure Transmission Systems

A395/A395M-99 (2014) Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures A420/A420M-13 Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service A563/A563M-07 Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts A694/A694M-13 Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service A707/A707M-13 Standard Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service A789/A789M-10a Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service A860/A860M-13 Standard Specification for Wrought High-Strength Ferritic Steel Butt-Welding Fittings A984/A984M-03 (withdrawn) Standard Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain-End, Electric-Resistance-Welded A1005/A1005M-00 (2010) Standard Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End, Longitudinal and Helical Seam, Double Submerged-Arc Welded A1024/A1024M-02 (2012) Standard Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain-End, Seamless A1037/A1037M-05 (2012) Standard Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Furnace-Butt-Welded B43-14 Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes B75/B75M-11 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube B88-09 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube B241/B241M-12e1 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube

B361-08 Standard Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Welding Fittings D257-14 Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials D323-08(2014) Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method) D570-98(2010)e1 Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics D1000-10 Standard Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applications D1002-10 Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal) D1525-09 Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics D1653-13 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Organic Coating Films D1693-13 Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics D2240-05 (2010) Standard Test Method for Rubber Property — Durometer Hardness D2290-12 Standard Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe D2343-09 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Strands, Yarns, and Rovings Used in Reinforced Plastics D2412-11 Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel- Plate Loading D2584-11 Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins D2837-2013 (E2014) Standard Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Products

D2992-12 Standard Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure Design Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber- Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings D3261-2012 (E2014) Standard Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing D3350-14 Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials D3839-14 Standard Guide for Underground Installation of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting- Resin) Pipe D3895-07 Standard Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry D4060-10 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser D4541-09e1 Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers D5064-07 (2012) Standard Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to Assess Coating Compatibility D5084-10 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter E18-14 rev 4 Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials E21-09 Standard Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials E23-12c Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials E29-13 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications E114-10 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Contact Testing E384-11 (E2012) Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials

E747-04 (2010) Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology E1025-11 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology E1820-13 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness E1901-13 Standard Guide for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by Contact Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Methods F1290-08 (withdrawn) Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings F1973-2013 (E2013) Standard Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Risers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) and Polyamide II (PAII) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel Gas Distribution Systems F2206-11 (R2014) Standard Specification for Fabricated Fittings of Butt-Fused Polyethylene (PE) F2620-13 Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings F2634-10 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Joints Using Tensile- Impact Method G8-96 (2010) Standard Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings G9-07(2013)e1 Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings G10-10 Standard Test Method for Specific Bendability of Pipeline Coatings G11-04(2012) Standard Test Method for Effects of Outdoor Weathering on Pipeline Coatings G14-04 (2010)e1 Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Pipeline Coatings (Falling Weight Test) G17-07(2013) Standard Test Method for Penetration Resistance of Pipeline Coatings (Blunt Rod)

G18-07(2013) Standard Test Method for Joints, Fittings, and Patches in Coated Pipelines G19-88 (withdrawn) Standard Test Method for Disbonding Characteristics of Pipeline Coatings by Direct Soil Burial G20-10 Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Pipeline Coatings G21-13 Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi G42-11 Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures G55-07 (2013) Standard Test Method for Evaluating Pipeline Coating Patch Materials G80-88 (withdrawn) Standard Test Method for Specific Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings G154-12a Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials UOP163-10 Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercaptan Sulfur in Liquid Hydrocarbons by Potentiometric Titration AWS (American Welding Society) A5.32/A5.32M-11 Welding Consumables — Gases and Gas Mixtures for Fusion Welding and Allied Processes D3.6M-10 Underwater Welding Code AWWA (American Water Works Association) C205-12 Cement-Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for Steel Water Pipe — 4 In. (100 mm) and Larger – Shop Applied BSI (British Standards Institution) BS EN 253:2013 District heating pipes. Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Pipe assembly of steel service pipe, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene BS EN 489:2009 District heating pipes. Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Joint assembly for steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene

BS 7910:2013 Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures PD 6493:1991 (withdrawn) Guidance on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in fusion welded structures CAPP (Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers) 2004-0022 Planning Horizontal Directional Drilling for Pipeline Construction 2009-0009 Best Management Practice — Use of Reinforced Composite Pipe (Non-Metallic Pipelines) 2009-0010 Mitigation of Internal Corrosion in Oilfield Water Pipelines 2009-0011 Mitigation of External Corrosion on Buried Pipeline Systems 2009-0012 Mitigation of Internal Corrosion in Oil Effluent Pipeline Systems 2009-0013 Mitigation of Internal Corrosion in Sour Gas Gathering Systems 2009-0014 Mitigation of Internal Corrosion in Sweet Gas Gathering Systems CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) PN 1180 Environmental Guidelines for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aboveground Storage Tanks CEPA (Canadian Energy Pipeline Association) Stress Corrosion Cracking Recommended Practices, 2nd ed. (December 2007) Facilities Integrity Management Program (FIMP) Recommended Practices, 1st ed. (May 2013) Development of a Pipeline Surface Loading Screening Process & Assessment of Surface Load Dispersing Methods (Final Report No. 05-44R1) (October 2009) CGA (Canadian Gas Association) OCC-1-2013 Recommended Practice for the Control of External Corrosion on Buried or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems CGA (Common Ground Alliance) Best Practices, Version 10.0 (March 2012)

CGSB (Canadian General Standards Board) CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2014/ISO 9712:2012 Non-destructive Testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.) 30672-2000 Tape and shrinkable materials for the corrosion protection of buried or underwater pipelines without cathodic protection for use at operating temperatures up to 50 °C DNV (Det Norske Veritas) DNV-OS-F101-2013 Submarine Pipeline Systems DNV-RP-F101-2010 Corroded Pipelines DNV-RP-J202-2010 Design and Operation of CO2 Pipelines DOT (US Government, Department of Transportation) DTRS56-02-D-70036 (2005) Derivation of Potential Impact Radius Formulae for Vapor Cloud Dispersion Subject to 49 CFR 192 ESI (Electricity Supply Industry) 98-2-1979 (withdrawn) Ultrasonic Probes: Medium Frequency, Miniature Shear Wave, Angle Probes Government of USA US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 33, Chapter I, Part 154, Appendix A, “Guidelines for Detonation Flame Arresters” (referenced as 33 CFR 154, Appendix A) US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 192, Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline: Minimum Federal Safety Standards (referenced as 49 CFR 192) IGEM (Institution of Gas Engineers & Managers) IGEM/TD/1 Steel pipelines and associated installations for high pressure gas transmission, ed. 5 The INGAA Foundation Guidelines for Parallel Construction of Pipelines, December 2008 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 2566-1:1984 (R2010) Steel — Conversion of elongation values — Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels 3183:2012 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems

3898:2013 Bases for design of structures – Names and symbols of physical quantities and generic quantities 5579:2013 Non-destructive testing — Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and X- or gamma rays — Basic rules 9080:2012 Plastics piping and ducting systems — Determination of the long-term hydrostatic strength of thermoplastics materials in pipe form by extrapolation 12162:2009 Thermoplastics materials for pipes and fittings for pressure-applications — Classification, designation and design coefficient 12176-1:2012 Plastic pipes and fittings — Equipment for fusion joining polyethylene systems — Part 1: Butt fusion 12176-2:2008 Plastic pipes and fittings — Equipment for fusion joining polyethylene systems — Part 2: Electrofusion 12176-3:2011 Plastic pipes and fittings — Equipment for fusion joining polyethylene systems — Part 3: Operator’s badge 12176-4:2003 Plastic pipes and fittings — Equipment for fusion joining polyethylene systems — Part 4: Traceability coding 13953-2001 Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings — Determination of the tensile strength and failure mode of test pieces from a butt-fused joint 14175:2008 Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes 14555:14 Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials 15156-2:2009 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons 15156-3:2009 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys 15653:2010 Metallic materials — Method of test for the determination of quasistatic fracture toughness of welds

16708:2006 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems — Reliability-based limit state methods 19232-1:2013 Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 1: Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators ISO TR 19480:2005 Polyethylene pipes and fittings for the supply of gaseous fuels or water — Training and assessment of fusion operators ISO/TS 24817:2006 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Composite repairs for pipework — Qualification and design, installation, testing and inspection MSS (Manufacturers Standardization Society) SP-6-2012 Standard Finishes for Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting-End Flanges of Valves and Fittings ANSI/MSS-SP-25-2013 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions SP-75-2014 Specification for High-Test, Wrought, Butt Welding Fittings SP-79-2011 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts (Includes Errata Amended 7/8/2012) SP-83-2014 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and Threaded SP-95-2014 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs SP-97-2012 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings — Socket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding Ends NACE International ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2-2009 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons Note: Including circular 1-2011 and circular 2-2014. ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3-2009 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys Note: Including circular 1-2011, circular 2-2014, circular 3-2013, circular 4-2014.

SP0285-2011 Corrosion Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection SP0204-2008 Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Direct Assessment Methodology SP0206-2008 Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology for Pipelines Carrying Normally Dry Natural Gas SP0502-2008 Pipeline External Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology NEB (National Energy Board) Pipeline Abandonment: A Discussion Paper on Technical and Environmental Issues, November 1996 NEN (Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut) 3650-1:2012 n1 Requirements for pipeline systems – Part 1: General requirements NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 10-2013 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers 30-2015 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NRCC (National Research Council Canada) National Building Code of Canada, Chapter 4 of Commentary B, 2015 National Fire Code of Canada, 2010 PEI (Petroleum Equipment Institute) RP100-11 Recommended Practices for Installation of Underground Liquid Storage Systems PPI (Plastics Pipe Institute) TR-3-2012 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS), Pressure Design Basis (PDB), Strength Design Basis (SDB), Minimum Required Strength (MRS) Ratings and Categorized Required Strength (CRS) for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe TR-4-2014 PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Hydrostatic Design Stress (HDS), Strength Design Basis (SDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB) and Minimum Required Strength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe PRCI (Pipeline Research Council International) PR-3-805,1989 Modified Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe (RSTRENG)

PR-218-9822, 1999 Guidelines for the Assessment of Dents on Welds PR-218-9925, 2008 Acceptance Criteria for Mild Ripples in Pipeline Field Bend PR-227-9424, 2008 Installation of Pipelines by Horizontal Directional Drilling — An Engineering Design Guide PR-268-9823, 2003 Guidelines for the Seismic Design and Assessment of Natural Gas and Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipelines Report 194, 1992 Hydrotest Strategies for Gas Transmission Pipelines Based on Ductile-Flaw-Growth Considerations SSPC (The Society for Protective Coatings) PA 2-2004 Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages Transport Canada 621.19-2000 Standards Obstruction Markings Manual

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CSA Z662-15 (Oil and gas pipeline systems)

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CSA Z 662

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[yes-lazystudentconnoisseur-fan]

Advantage of Threaded Steel Bar

SUMMARY

Threaded steel bar or stainless steel bar provides numerous unique benefits for different kinds of industries and applications. The advantages of stainless steel bar provides material longevity, corrosion resistance, attractive look, ease of fabrication, impact resistance and also long term value. Stainless steel is one of the most extensive used metals in this era of modern construction world.

Picture Courtesy:- Jakob UK

Stainless Steel Bar Applications

Due to its extreme flexible, stainless steel bar is one of the most widely used metals around the world, some of the main usage of stainless steel bar are mentioned below:

Architecture & Construction

Automotive & Transportation

Medical

Energy & Heavy Industries

Food & Catering

Stainless Steel Bar Styles

Industrial Metal Supply carries many unique styles of stainless steel bar for a very wide variety of industrial applications, some of which are being mentioned below:

Stainless Hex Bar

Stainless Rectangle Bar

Stainless Round Bar

Stainless Square Bar

Threaded Rod

TENSILE STRENGTH

Mainly the cold working of the surface increases the tensile strength of the metal worked, and static tensile test have been recorded which result in increases on the order of 10% in the breaking strength of the parts.

SHEAR STRENGTH

When a thread is rolled the fibers of the material are not severed because they are in other methods of screw thread production, but are transformed into continuous and unbroken lines following the contours of the threads. Rolled threads can able to resist the stripping because shear failures must take place across rather than with the grain.

RESISTANCE TO FATIGUE

Thread rolling increases the part’s resistance to fatigue failure in many different ways. While rolling between the smooth dies it leaves the thread with smooth furbish roots and flanks, free from tears, chatter or cutter marks that can work as focal points of stress and, as a result starting points for fatigue gets failures.

Rolling also leaves the bottom layer of the thread, particularly those which are in the roots, stressed in the compression. These kind of contraction stresses must be overcome before the tensile stresses can be built up, because which alone, can cause fatigue failures. This increase in root hardness, up to 30%, adds greatly to the parts resistance to fatigue.

 ACCURACY

The manufacturing of the accurate threads normally requires that close control be exercised over pitch diameter, thread angle, lead, taper, roundness and drunkenness.

There are a number of reasons why it is fundamentally easier to achieve accuracy on pitch diameter, thread angle, lead and taper by rolling than by other processes and, what is often equally important, to maintain that accuracy for a long period. Control over roundness and drunkenness, which is not at all easier to maintain by rolling than by other processes.

THREAD ANGLE AND LEAD

The accuracy of the thread angle and the lead produced, is almost completely dependent upon the accuracy of the dies. In many of the cases, the thread angle and the lead of the thread on the die is exactly reproduced on the material rolled.

The accuracy of the lead produced can also be influenced by the setup of the dies and the material being rolled. Some types of harder and stiffer materials have a nature to “spring back” after rolling with the result that the lead on the work may be contracted a very small amount. In those kind of cases, dies with expanded lead may be used and will uniformly produce threads of the correct lead.

ROUNDNESS

Roundness is completely dependent upon the roundness and uniformity of hardness of the blank and also upon the rate of application and release of the die pressure. When the dies are designed and setup to apply and release pressure uniformly, hence we can say that close tolerances on roundness may be maintained good.

[sreeus]

"Sustainable fixings with the fischer greenline: Plugs made from renewable raw materials WHAT’S THE PRODUCT? Fischer’s Greenline is the first range of fixing products with renewable resources. It belongs to the product family for sustainable fastening. Fischer is the first producer worldwide who offers a range of biobased fixing systems. The reliable green plugs are suitable for a variety of applications in the household and protect the environment. These fischer eco-plugs are known for its strength & durability as those normal plugs from the Fischer range. PRODUCT’S USAGE - Mailbox - Outdoor lighting - pipes - Radiator - lamps - pictures - Privacy protection - Sanitary components - wooden construction - TV holder - substructures - Profiles - Towel holder - curtain rods - light shelves BENEFITS OF GREENLINE AT A GLANCE - All greenline products are made out of at least 50% renewable raw materials.These are not in competition with food- or feedstuff and also not with the appropriate cultivation areas. The regenerative material portion is respectively confirmed through an independent test and a certification of the DIN CERTICO/ TÜV Rheinland. The products belong to the classification ""BIOBASED 50-85%"" - We ensure that we make no compromise when it comes to the safety of our greenline products. They have the same performance and load-bearing capacity as their grey-coloured originals. And of course they are also as durable as them. BENEFITS OF FID GREEN INSULATION PLUG AT A GLANCE: - It is best suited for fixing in pressure-resistant, plastered and unplastered insulation boards made of polystyrene and polyurethane. - It is used to fix outdoor lamps motion detectors, letterboxes, signs and much more. - Tension bearing capacity is flexible depending on the anchor size and the building material BENEFITS OF GB GREEN- AIRCRETE PLUGS AT A GLANCE: - It is best suited for unplastered aircrete walls and -plates. Interlocking, cutting, spiral external ribs guarantee a safe hold. - This plug is ideal for fixing lamps, shelves, cable routes, pipelines and many more. - Tension bearing capacity is up to 20 kg. BENEFITS OF GK GREEN- GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD PLUG AT A GLANCE: - It is best suited in in gypsum plasterboard. The self-cutting and interlocking external thread ensures safe hold. - It is ideal for fixing pictures, lamps, electrical installations, decorative items and much more. - Tension bearing capacity is up to 8kg. BENEFITS OF INSTALLATION MORTAR GREEN- INJECTION MORTAR - It’s two component injection mortar is styrene free & suitable for heavy loads. - It provides powerful hold, like its concreted! Universally useable, in nearly every building material. - It helps to fix hanging shelves, kitchen and sanitary structural elements, household technical facilities, timber constructions, gates, flat screens, satellite dishes and many more. - It is suitable for commercial extrusion guns and to be used with anchor rods FIS A. In hole stones, the anchor sleeve FIS H K is additionally required. - Tension bearing capacity is up to 170 kg. BENEFITS OF N GREEN- NAIL PLUG AT A GLANCE - It is suitable for quick impact mounting in a variety of building materials and has a bump stop against premature spreading of the anchor. - The nail dowel is ideal for mounting in through-hole mounting of frames, profiles, substructures made of wood and metal and much more. - The tensile load capacity is up to 24 kg. BENEFITS OF SX GREEN- EXPANSION PLUG AT A GLANCE - With 4-way spreading, it has the highest holding values ​​in many building materials. - It is suitable for attaching pictures, lights, light shelves, TV consoles and much more. - The tensile load capacity is up to 65 kg. BENEFITS OF UX GREEN UNIVERSAL PLUG AT A GLANCE - It spreads or knots depending on the substrate and is therefore universally suitable for almost all building materials. - It is suitable for attaching pictures, lights, curtain rods, light wall cabinets and much more. - The tensile load capacity is up to 20 kg." Subscribe to our Channel to learn more about the top Technologies: For more updates on courses and tips follow us on: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/fischerindia... - Twitter: https://twitter.com/fischer_india_ - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/fisc... -Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fischer_india/ - Website: https://www.fischer.in/en-in #fischer #quality #construction #fischerhomes #construction #civilengineering #civilengineeringworld #civilengineer #civilengineers #civilengineering_life #civilengineeringdaily #civilengineeringdiscoveries #civilengineeringdaily #constructiomaterials #constructionequipment #constructionwork #interiordesign #interiordedesigners #architecture #architecturedesign #architecturedesigns #architecturelovers #architecturelover no#architecturedrawing #construction #constructionlife #constructioncompany #civilengineeringdiscoveries #constructionsite #constructionwork

[fixdex-fastening-technology]

ss wedge anchor

Product Features 1. This product has a longer thread and is easier to install, and is usually used in heavy-duty facilities. 2. To obtain a reliable and huge fastening force, it is necessary to ensure that the clamp ring fixed on the wedge anchor is fully expanded. And the expansion clamp ring must not fall off the rod or be twisted in the hole. 3. The calibrated tensile values are all tested under the condition of cement strength of 260~300kgs/cm2, and the maximum safe load shall not exceed 25% of the calibrated value.

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