#they work with ips while we prefer domain names so we have dns to make sure we connect to the right ip addresses when we use domain names
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devotedlystrangewizard · 19 days ago
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imagining ur comfort character with you doesnt have to be emotional or serious sometimes youre dragging a warhammer character into studying for a computer science exam
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davesinfo-techspot · 5 years ago
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Setting up Always On  SQL Clustering Group, with Microsoft Server 2016 and VMWare
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Setting up clusters in Windows Server 2016 has become so easy. However; When integrating it with other environments, like VMWare, and AO SQL Clustering. It can get quite Tricky. First we want to setup our environment in VSphere. Next we will setup Windows Server 2016 with Failover Clustering. Then we’ll make sure to make some adjustments to DNS. Finally, We will setup AlwaysOn SQL Clustering. 
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Please make sure you have .NET Framework 3.5.1 or greater on the servers. Then We will need to create 2 VMs with 3 drives each. Then we will need to make sure that the drives are online, and available from other locations. However one main aspect that I had overlooked was that the Virtual Disks have to be created Eager Zero Thick not Lazy Zero Thick. I made the heinous mistake of using Lazy Zero Thick, and then could not understand why I was having so many problems. 
Note: When creating virtual disks with Eager Zero Thick, it does take longer than using the faster Lazy Zero Thick option. Eager Zero Thick Disks allocates the space for the virtual disk, then zeros it all out unlike the Lazy Zero Thick which only allocates the space. 
You also generally wouldn’t use Eager Zero Thick except for Microsoft clustering and Oracle programs. Once the disks are created we are reading to install Windows Server 2016.
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Install either Datacenter edition or Standard edition. For this example we’ll use the standard edition. Install all the Microsoft Windows feature updates and verify that you have already allocated all the resources needed. Check that the additional Virtual Disks are available, and make sure you install the Failover Cluster feature. You may want to reboot after the feature is installed, if you have not done so. Once you installed the feature go to the Failover Cluster Manager and prepare to create the cluster. If this is a two node cluster be sure to add a Witness Server or Desktop. Once this is created and validated, go to your computer manager and verify that the virtual disks are online and initialized. Next, you will want to configure the cluster quorum settings. I created a separate server for this quorum and configured a File share witness. 
Now, make sure you can access these from another computer on the secured network. You will have to setup a Host A record round robin DNS situation, where you give a specified name the 2 failover cluster nodes IP adresses in the Host address. Example: if the nodes had up address of 192.168.1.43 and 192.168.1.44. Then the two Host records you would need to create are AOSqlServer -> 192.168.1.43 and AOSqlServer -> 192.169.1.44
Finally, We will enable AlwaysOn Availability Groups on SQL Server 2016. 
After Installing SQL Server 2012 or 2014 Enterprise edition on all the replicas. Please install it on as a stand-alone instance, and then we will configure SQL Server. Once you expand SQL Server Network Configuration node, and click on Protocols for MSSQLServer, you will see the TCP/IP dialog box on the right panel. Right click on the TCP/IP entry and select Enable. 
In SQL Server Configuration Manager, right click on SQL Server Services to open the Properties dialog box. Navigate to the AlwaysOn High Availability tab to select the “Enable AlwaysOn Availability Groups.
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Now we must configure the login accounts and the replicas that will need read write privileges. 
First verify that your SQL Service Account is there and is a domain account, not a local machine account. Now login through SQL Management Studio (SSMS). Add you SQL Service account to the Administrators group on each replica (via computer management). Then allow connect permissions to the SQL Service account through SSMS: Right click on the SQL Service login to open the Properties dialog box. On each replica navigate to the Securables page and make sure Connect SQL Grant box is checked and allow remote connections. You can do this by using SSMS in the instance properties or by using sp_configure.
EXEC sp_configure ‘remote access’, 1;
GO
RECONFIGURE;
GO
Now we will create the file share through the Server Manager that the SQL Service account, and the replicas can access. The File is for the initial backup/restore process that happens to the databases when you join the AlwaysOn group during setup.
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Last thing is to install the AlwaysOn Availability group. Once you’s ensured that full backups have been created, and all databases are in Full recovery mode, you will have to remove these databases from the tlog backup maintenece during the installation of Always on (you can always add them back). It could cause errors with both tlogs backing up while AlwaysOn is being created.
On you primary, open SSMS and expand the AlwaysOn High Availablity folder. Right click on the Availability Groups and select New Availability Group Wizard.
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Select only the databases you want to include in the AlwaysOn group.
Next to the databases you will see the status with a blue link. If you see "Meets Prerequisites” it will signify that these databases are included in your group. If it does not say "Meets Prerequisites”, then click on the link to see more details on what needs to be corrected.
Now, you will specify and Add the Replicas. You will need to specify if you want Automatic or Manual Failover, Synchronous or Asynchronous Data Replication, and the type of Connections you are allowing to the end users.
Be sure to view the troubleshooting page if you have any issues:
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/alwaysonpro/archive/2013/12/09/trouble-shoot-error.aspx
The backup preferences tab will assist in choosing the type of backup and to prioritize the replica backups.
In the Listener tab, you will create an availability group listener button, Enter the string DNS name, enter port 1433 and enter the IP address for your listener, which should be an unused IP address on the network. 
Next, you will Select Initial Data Synchronization page, join the databases to the Always on group, then verify the Full option is selected for using File Shares. For large databases select Join or Skip to restore the databases to the secondary replica. We will use Full for now. Last thing to do here is remember the SQL Service accounts and set that all replicas have read/write permissions to the file Share or it will not work. 
Run the Validation checks, and make sure it the results are successful. 
That is it, once you get that done you should have High availability and AlwaysOn SQL Server. I hope you’ve enjoyed this instructional blog. Please come back and visit us to see other projects. 
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estnoc · 3 years ago
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How do I manage my VPS server?
A virtual private server (VPS) is a virtual computer that an Internet hosting business provides as a service. Customers may have superuser-level access to a virtual private server’s copy of an operating system (OS), allowing them to install almost any program that works on that OS. It’s functionally comparable to a dedicated physical server for many applications, and because it’s software-defined, it’s far easier to set up and configure. A virtual server is significantly less expensive than a physical server of comparable capacity. However, performance may be affected by the workload of any other virtual machines running because virtual servers share the same physical hardware as other VPS. EstNOC is an Estonian web hosting services provider that provides dedicated, cloud, and VPS web hosting services in Norway and 40 other countries along with colocation data center services.
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VPS is of two types managed and unmanaged VPS, when you go with an unmanaged VPS, you’re taking on a lot of responsibility. Although having the ability to set it up as you want is appealing, you’ll also need to be able to navigate the control panel and install fundamental tools. Fortunately, this sort of web server may be ideal for those who know what they’re doing. The first step in operating your own VPS is to familiarise yourself with the server environment and install the necessary software.
Why Would You Want to Run Your Own Virtual Private Server?
Your web host manages server setup and maintenance on a managed VPS plan. For some, the ease that this provides is difficult to ignore. Web developers and other advanced users, on the other hand, frequently choose to administer their own server settings.
Everything on your server is your responsibility with unmanaged VPS hosting (or at least, your virtual partition of the server). This offers you the flexibility to configure whatever you want, using your preferred Operating System (OS) and apps.
Furthermore, unmanaged VPS plans may be highly cost-effective you’ll have the freedom to host the domains and web apps of your choice once you’ve familiarised yourself with your control panel and the server environment. Let’s look at how to begin administering your VPS to get that process started.
3 Key Tips on How to Run a VPS on Your Own
It takes some practice to learn how to operate your own VPS. However, after you’ve been acquainted with your new server, you’ll have complete control over your website and web development tasks. The three points below will assist you in getting started.
Learn How to Use the Control Panel
Your main control panel is where you’ll manage your server. It gives you authority and system control, as well as access to vital information (such as IP information).
For example, for unmanaged VPS accounts SolusVM is the primary control panel. This powerful program provides a convenient technique for upgrading your operating system and gaining access to the console.
You can also use it to shut down, boot, and reboot your server, as well as monitor disc space, memory usage, and bandwidth usage. Furthermore, it offers a variety of logs and data that might be beneficial while administering your VPS.
To begin, go to your control panel and log in. The SolusVM interface will appear from there, giving you access to everything you need to manage your server. Bar graphs showing current bandwidth, virtual swap, memory, and disc usage, for example, can be found on the Virtual Servers page.
You may also use the serial terminal to access your VPS’s command-line shell. This is a backup plan in case you can’t get to your server through other means. This functionality will come in handy if you, for example, unintentionally restrict SSH access by creating a firewall rule.
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Take care of your DNS server
The next step is to connect the domain(s) that will be hosted on your VPS. Before you get started, you’ll need to either register or transfer your domains.
Log in to your Customer Portal after that is complete. Locate the domain you want to administer by going to My Domains and clicking it. Then choose Manage Domain: from the drop-down menu. The name servers for your VPS must then be established. This is the program that directs traffic from your domain to your server. To do so, navigate to Nameservers and select one of the following options:
dns1.name-services.com
dns2.name-services.com
dns3.name-services.com
dns4.name-services.com
Your domains will be ready to use on your new VPS after you’ve completed that. If you need to manage them again for any reason, simply go to Management Tools and click Manage DNS.
You may also set up your own name servers. If you do, you will be completely responsible for their upkeep, therefore we wouldn’t recommend it unless you had prior DNS management expertise. However, if you prefer this method, you may get started by installing BIND or NSD on your VPS.
Download and Install the Software Applications You’ll Need
It’s now time to set up the programs you’ll be utilizing. Various Norway VPS Server hosting provider provides different interfaces for doing this job.
For example, Webuzo has a control panel that allows you to easily install and manage your apps. It allows you to install a wide range of frameworks and apps. You may also use Webuzo to handle a variety of administrative duties. DNS settings, database management, and email management are just a few of them.
Softaculous is in charge of application development and maintenance for Webuzo. Your control panel will provide access to the auto-installer application. It gives you quick access to a variety of scripts and PHP classes, as well as software packages with a variety of functions, such as blogs and forums, as well as ad management and social sharing.
Choosing a Managed Virtual Private Server Plan
You don’t have to operate a VPS all by yourself, of course. To make things simpler, you may always go with a managed plan: after all, with a managed plan, you can focus on other parts of your business. You won’t have to worry about crashes or hackers either, because a team will be ready to jump in and repair any problems that arise.
You’ll also get access to cPanel controls and the power of a VPS. The EstNOC support team will constantly watch your server, ready to intervene if a problem arises. They’ll also ensure that your VPS runs smoothly and that your uptime rates are as high as possible.
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Many of the most popular development software packages will be pre-installed on your managed VPS. PHP, Node.js, and Apache are just a few of them. Of course, you may install others as needed for your projects, making managed VPS a viable solution for both developers and company owners.
Conclusion
It could take some time to set up your unmanaged VPS, when the procedure is finished, you’ll have a powerful server that’s tailored to your needs. Of course, you may always choose a managed VPS package to make your life easier.
EstNOC, as mentioned earlier is an Estonian web hosting services provider that provides web hosting services for Virtual Private Server (VPS), and Dedicated Server Hosting along with cloud computing services. They also provide colocation data center services for their customers. They provide their services to 40 countries with more than 3500 happy clients. They are a trusted hosting provider as they provide ease of use, unlimited options being flexible, automated backup, and 24X7 customer support. Reach out to know more or buy VPS, dedicated, and cloud hosting services along with colocation data center services!
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itfirmokdigital · 4 years ago
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Best Premium URL Shortener Online Free Saas Business
What about turning the main instrument you use in your online business into a lucrative business? 
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Don’t have the foggiest idea of what I am discussing? At that point you haven’t watched our video on the main device you should begin utilizing in your business. In this article, I will tell you the best way to set up your premium URL shortener online free and transform it into a business that can get you a huge number of dollars each month.
What Is SAAS?
Content Summary
You without a doubt are utilizing Netflix to watch films, Grammarly to address your punctuation and spelling as you are composing, or L-ink.me to abbreviate and follow your connections. These are SAAS models.
SAAS; or programming as a help, is cloud-based assistance where as opposed to downloading programming to your work area PC or business organization to run and refresh, you rather access an application by means of a web program.
We will help you assemble a similar device as L-ink.me. Use it in your own business, or even beginning a lucrative Premium URL Shortener SAAS business on the web. On the off chance that you need to likewise make a blog, check our articles here and here.
Premium URL Shortener Setup
How about we start together figuring out how to assemble our Premium URL shortener.
Necessities
What are the prerequisites required for the arrangement?
Premium URL Shortener Script
VPS server
Domain Name
Custom Theme
Getting The Premium URL Shortener Content
The content we will use in this arrangement can be purchased by anybody. It costs simply 33$ to purchase this content and begin utilizing it in your own business.
Getting An Domain Name
An area name is pivotal. As for our situation, the area name we are utilizing is l-ink.me. You need to get an area name to use for your administration.
Space names can be purchased efficiently from beneath suppliers.
NameCheap
Domain.com
GoDaddy
Getting A VPS Worker
What Is A VPS Server?
At the point when you need to distribute a PHP site or content or any web application, we do what we call “web facilitating” which just methods transferring the documents and data set into a public worker so it very well may be accessibly Online over the web.
Where we will have our administration will be on a VPS worker. It is extremely prescribed to get a committed VPS worker to profit by the best exhibition for your administration.
Where you can get a VPS? From underneath obviously.
Contabo
Hostinger
Hostgator
For our situation, we will utilize Contabo as it gives the best offer however you can pick any supplier you feel good with.
Thus, we should start.
Note: In this instructional exercise: I will utilize Contabo
So Let’s perceive how we can get a VPS worker from Contabo.
Get a VPS Server From Contabo.
1: Open Contabo Website.
Open your internet browser and explore to Contabo VPS Page.
You will see various VPS design, to begin with. You can basically begin with the least expensive choice to Install WordPress, it will be all that anyone could need.
Later on, when you develop your business, you can scale up and get all the more remarkable VPS with Higher assets.
2: Set VPS Options
On the Next Page, you should choose a few choices
In the Operating System Option, Select Ubuntu 20.04
At that point in the Administration Panel, Select LAMP
Furthermore, last choice, In the Addons, check “Singular converse DNS”
In the event that you were elevated to enter the PTR record, enter your space name, and That’s it.
Presently, Just Continue to the charging page, and affirm your request. I think different advances are basic and clear as crystal.
In like 24 hours, Contabo Team will arrangement the Server and send the subtleties to your email this way:
Guide Domain Name to your VPS Server.
All right Friend, Now we have a Domain and a VPS Server. In any case, they are not associated!
Your VPS Server can be gotten to now through the IP address that Contabo Team sent you by email. obviously, we would prefer not to get to our WordPress site through an IP! We need to utilize our space name.
So essentially, we will plan the space name to our VPS IP, so then we access the VPS and the WordPress site through both the area and the IP.
Design your DNS Records:
Just open DNS the boarding zone in your Domain Provider (Godaddy for my situation) and alter the fundamental A record this way:
have: @ focuses: YOUR SERVER IP.
Transfer The Script Files To The Server.
To begin with, download the content from codecanyon.
Presently unfasten the document you download from the webpage. At that point transfer the main.zip inside to your worker.
To transfer the documents, you need an application called WinSCP.
It is a free apparatus and you can download it from here.
Associate with Your VPS Server utilizing WinSCP, and Update the PHP Files to the worker to this way: “/var/www/html”
By and large, the documents would be zipped, so we need to remove them.
Associate with your VPS worker utilizing any SSH customer like clay. furthermore, Let’s beginning!
Simply open Putty and enter the Server IP or Name, and Press Open.
It will ask you to login, simply enter “root” as the client, at that point enter your secret key which is shipped off you by email.
Note: while composing the secret key, clay will currently show it for security reasons, however, It’s there, simply type it!
Furthermore, you are In!
We should introduce the unfasten utility utilizing the accompanying order:
sudo well-suited get introduce unfasten
Clear clay screen to make in clean utilizing the accompanying order:
clear
Change index to/var/www/html utilizing the accompanying order:
disc/var/www/html
Unfasten the “.compress” document utilizing the accompanying order:
unfasten YOUR FILENAME*.zip
*Note: the document name might be diverse for your situation, so supplant YOUR FILENAME with your record name.
Presently, Move the most recent envelope substance to the upper index so it tends to be gotten to straightforwardly – > use WinSCP
Simply duplicate all the documents inside the “YOUR FILENAME” envelope and glue them straightforwardly in html organizer.
Documents Uploaded. Done!
Make a Database
Again to Putty SSH Client and Let’s make our data set utilizing the accompanying orders.
What’s decent, is that we have MySQL introduced as of now as a component of the LAMP Stack, however, we need to make a data set and a client for our application.
To begin, sign in to the MySQL root (managerial) account by giving this order:
mysql – u root – p
You will be provoked for the root secret phrase, simply compose or glue it and press Enter.
To begin with, make a different data set that your PHP application will utilize. You can call this anything you desire, yet we will utilize TestDb (you can utilize any name you need) in this manual for keep it straightforward. Make the data set by running this order:
Make DATABASE TestDb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
Note: Every MySQL articulation should end in a semi-colon (;)
Then, we will make a different MySQL client account that we will utilize only to work on our new data set. Making one-work information bases and records is a smart thought from an administration and security angle. We will utilize the name DbUser in this guide. Don’t hesitate to change this on the off chance that you’d like.
We will make this record, set a secret key, and award admittance to the data set we made. We can do this by composing the accompanying order. Make sure to pick a solid secret word here for your information based client:
Make USER ‘DbUser’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘enter_a_custom_password_here’;
Award ALL ON TestDb.* TO ‘DbUser’@’localhost’;
You presently have an information base and client account, each made explicitly for Your PHP application. We need to flush the advantages so the current occurrence of MySQL thinks about the new changes we’ve made:
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Exit out of MySQL by composing:
EXIT;
Done!
Design the Premium URL Shortener
Since we have transferred the content to the worker and made the data set, the time has come to begin arranging our application.
Open any internet browser and add your space name in the location bar.
As should be obvious, we are on the top-notch URL shortener establishment page.
This will show you all the prerequisites required and what is as yet absent. Along these lines, how about we fix what is absent!
The main issue we see is the config_sample.php isn’t open. We should give the required advantages.
This record can be found in/var/www/html/incorporates/so open WinSCP and explore to the required registry.
Presently right-click on the document and set the authorization to 777 as demonstrated underneath.
Presently, we should fix the substance/envelope. Similarly, go to/var/www/html and right-click on the substance organizer and give the 777 authorizations similarly. Something more is to check the case beneath.
Presently invigorate the page and you can see that the issue has been settled. Nice.
Presently since all prerequisites are met, we can continue by squeezing this sentence. Sure!
Associate with the information base
The time has come to associate with our information base.
Simply fill in the required information for the host(localhost) dbname and the client you made with the secret phrase.
Presently make the design record.
Goodness! We have the beneath blunder.
How about we settle.
Go again to WinSCP, into/var/www/html/incorporates, and how about we rename the config_sample.php document to config.php.
Return to your internet browser, and presto, the information base is effectively imported!
From that point forward, simply enter your administrator subtleties and proceed.
At that point erase install.php.
Related Post: What is web hosting & How Is It Important In the year 2021
Furthermore, magnificent! Our application is introduced and is fit to be utilized.
To change your presentation page, you can utilize another topic. In our administration l-ink.me, we are utilizing a topic. You can look at it, yet this is absolutely discretionary.
We have something final to fix. Attempt to sign in to your application and you will get a mistake.
To fix this, duplicate beneath square to/and so forth/apache2/destinations empowered/000-default.conf record.
Open 000-default.conf then reorder the substance underneath into the record and save.
You can perceive how we did this in the underneath picture.
After this, simply restart the apache administration utilizing clay.
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service
Presently return to the site and invigorate the page. Attempt to sign in. Wonderful! Presently everything is working appropriately, and your application is prepared!
Secure Premium URL Shortener with a Free SSL.
SSL declarations are utilized inside web workers to scramble the traffic between the worker and customer, giving additional security to clients getting to your application. How about we Encrypt gives a simple method to get and introduce confided in authentications free of charge.
Associate with your Server utilizing the Putty SSH customer. furthermore, Let’s Start!
Stage 1 — Install the Let’s Encrypt Client
How about we Encrypt declarations are gotten by means of customer programming running on your worker. The authority customer is called Certbot.
To begin with, add the archive to introduce Certbot:
sudo add-adept archive PPA:certbot/certbot
You’ll have to press ENTER to acknowledge.
At that point, Update the bundle rundown to get the new vault’s bundle data:
sudo well-suited get an update
Introduce Certbot’s Apache bundle:
sudo well-suited introduce python-certbot-apache
Certbot is presently fit to be utilized.
Stage 2 — Set Up the SSL Certificate
Producing the SSL endorsement for Apache utilizing Certbot is very direct. The customer will naturally get and introduce another SSL endorsement that is legitimate for the spaces given as boundaries.
Essentially run the accompanying order: (change the space)
sudo certbot – apache – d YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME
You will be approached to give an email address to lost key recuperation and notification, and you can pick between empowering both HTTP and HTTPS access or constraining all solicitations to divert to HTTPS. It is typically most secure to require HTTPS except if you have a particular requirement for decoded HTTP traffic.
That is it!
Test your site now and it ought to be SSL scrambled.
Done!
Rundown
To summarize, all that you require:
Get a Domain Name.
Get a VPS Server.
Guide Server IP to Domain.
Transferring File to the Server utilizing WinSCP.
Make a MySQL Database For Your Application.
Overseeing MySQL Databases.
Whenever you have done the entirety of this, you will have your premium URL shortener administration ready for action. In the event that you incline toward watching this instructional exercise as a video, you can check it underneath.
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enterinit · 5 years ago
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Download Mozilla Firefox MSI
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Download Mozilla Firefox MSI. Mozilla Firefox or simply Firefox is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla. Firefox is officially available for Windows, macOS, Linux, Android and iOS platforms. Logo 512x512 for Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager (SCCM/MECM) deployments:
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Mozilla Firefox 75 x64 MSI
New With today's release, a number of improvements will help you search smarter, faster. Type less and find more with Firefox's revamped address bar:Focused, clean search experience that's optimized for smaller laptop screensTop sites now appear when you select the addressImproved readability of search suggestions with a focus on new search termsSuggestions include solutions to common Firefox issuesOn Linux, the behavior when clicking on the Address Bar and the Search Bar now matches other desktop platforms: a single click selects all without primary selection, a double click selects a word, and a triple click selects all with primary selectionFirefox will locally cache all trusted Web PKI Certificate Authority certificates known to Mozilla. This will improve HTTPS compatibility with misconfigured web servers and improve security.Firefox is now available in Flatpak, an easier way to install and use Firefox on Linux.Direct Composition is being integrated for our users on Windows to help improve performance and enable our ongoing work to ship WebRender on Windows 10 laptops with Intel graphics cards. Fixed Various security fixes Enterprise Experimental support for using client certificates from the OS certificate store can be enabled on macOS by setting the preference security.osclientcerts.autoload to true.Enterprise policies may be used to exclude domains from being resolved via TRR (Trusted Recursive Resolver) using DNS over HTTPS. Developer Save bandwidth and reduce browser memory by using the loading attribute on the element. The default "eager" value loads images immediately, and the "lazy" value delays loading until the image is within range of the viewport.Instant evaluation for Console expressions lets developers identify and fix errors more rapidly than before. As long as expressions typed into the Web Console are side-effect free, their results will be previewed while you type. Don’t forget to support the Authors. Firefox 75.0
Mozilla Firefox 74 x64 MSI
New Your login management has improved with the ability to reverse alpha sort (Name Z-A) in Lockwise, which you can access under Logins and Passwords.Firefox now makes importing your bookmarks and history from the new Microsoft Edge browser on Windows and Mac simple.Add-ons installed by external applications can now be removed using the Add-ons Manager (about:addons). Going forward, only users can install add-ons; they cannot be installed by an application.Facebook Container prevents Facebook from tracking you around the web - Facebook logins, likes, and comments are automatically blocked on non-Facebook sites. But when we need an exception, you can now create one by adding custom sites to the Facebook Container.Firefox now provides better privacy for your web voice and video calls through support for mDNS ICE by cloaking your computer’s IP address with a random ID in certain WebRTC scenarios. Fixed Various security fixes.We have fixed issues involving pinned tabs such as being lost. You should also no longer see them reorder themselves. Changed When a video is uploaded with a batch of photos on Instagram, the Picture-in-Picture toggle would sit atop of the “next” button. The toggle is now moved allowing you to flip through to the next image of the batch.On Windows, Ctrl+I can now be used to open the Page Info window instead of opening the Bookmarks sidebar. Ctrl+B still opens the Bookmarks sidebar making keyboard shortcuts more useful for our users.We have disabled TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1 to improve your website connections. Sites that don't support TLS version 1.2 will now show an error page. Developer Developer InformationFirefox’s Debugger added support for debugging Nested Web Workers, so their execution can be paused and stepped through with breakpoints Web Platform Firefox has added support for the new JavaScript optional chaining operator (?.) and CSS text-underline-position. Download 74.0
Mozilla Firefox 73 x64 MSI
New Today’s Firefox release includes two features that help users view and read website content more easily, quickly. Like all accessibility improvements, these features improve browsing for everyone.Firefox has offered a page zoom feature for more than a decade that allows users to set the zoom level on a per-site basis. For users who need to zoom most websites, having to adjust zoom for each new site can be an annoyance. To address this, we have implemented a new global default zoom level setting. This option is available in about:preferences under "Language and Appearance" and can be scaled up or down from 100% as needed and sets the default zoom level for all sites. Per-site zoom is still available to make adjustments to individual sites as needed.Many users with low vision rely on Windows' High Contrast Mode to make websites more readable. Traditionally, to increase the readability of text, Firefox has disabled background images when High Contrast Mode is enabled. With today’s release of Firefox 73, we introduce a “readability backplate” solution which places a block of background color between the text and background image. Now, websites in High Contrast Mode are more readable without disabling background images. Fixed Various security fixes.Improved audio quality when playing back audio at a faster or slower speed.Firefox will now only prompt you to save logins if a field in a login form was modified. Changed WebRender will roll out to laptops with Nvidia graphics cards with drivers newer than 432.00, and screen sizes smaller than 1920x1200. Developer WAMP-formatted WebSocket messages (JSON, MsgPack and CBOR) are now nicely decoded for inspection in the Network panel. Web Platform Improved auto-detection of legacy text encodings on old web pages which don’t explicitly declare the text encoding. unresolved Users with 0patch security software may encounter crashes at startup after updating to Firefox 73. This will be fixed in a future Firefox release. As a workaround, an exclusion for firefox.exe can be added within the 0patch settings. Download 73.0
Mozilla Firefox 72.0.1 x64 MSI
No desktop shortcut;English localization;No Updater (no mozilla maintance service);Upgradable. New Firefox’s Enhanced Tracking Protection marks a major new milestone in our battle against cross-site tracking: we now block fingerprinting scripts by default for all users, taking a new bold step in the fight for our users’ privacy.Firefox replaces annoying notification request pop-ups with a more delightful experience, by default for all users. The pop-ups no longer interrupt your browsing, in its place, a speech bubble will appear in the address bar when you interact with the site.Picture-in-picture video is now also available in Firefox for Mac and Linux: Select the blue icon from the right edge of a video to pop open a floating window so you can keep watching while working in other tabs or apps. Fixed Various security fixes Changed Support for blocking images from individual domains has been removed from Firefox, because of low usage and poor user experience. Enterprise Experimental support for using client certificates from the OS certificate store can be enabled by setting the preference security.osclientcerts.autoload to true (Windows only). Developer Debugger Watchpoints let developers observe object property access and writes for easier to track data flow through an application.Firefox now supports simulation of meta viewport in Responsive Design Mode. Download 72.0.1
Mozilla Firefox 71.0 x64 MSI
No desktop shortcut;English localization;No Updater (no mozilla maintance service);Upgradable. New Improvements to Lockwise, our integrated password manager: Firefox now recognizes subdomains and will autofill domain logins from LockwiseIntegrated breach alerts from Firefox Monitor are now available to users with screen readersMore information about Enhanced Tracking Protection in action: Notifications when Firefox blocks cryptominersA running tally of blocked trackers in the protection panel accessed by clicking the address bar shieldPicture-in-picture video comes to Firefox for Windows: Select the blue icon from the right edge of a video to pop open a floating window so you can keep watching while working in other tabs. Learn how the feature works.Native MP3 decoding on Windows, Linux, and macOS Fixed Various security fixes. Changed Configuration page (about:config) reimplemented in HTMLFirefox will now ship with Catalan (Valencian) (ca-valencia), Tagalog (tl), and Triqui (trs) Enterprise New kiosk mode functionality, which allows maximum screen space for customer-facing displays Developer Developer InformationAdded support for developers, including:DevTools’ Network panel can now inspect WebSocket messages and automatically formats a variety of framework formatsConsole’s new multi-line editor mode provides an IDE-like experience that makes it convenient to iterate on longer code snippetsThe Network panel’s new resource blocking can simulate the impact of tracking protection, security, service outages, and bad connectivity for more robust testingMore features and improvements can be found every release in DevTools’ “What’s New” panel in en-USNew videos every week on the Mozilla Developer YouTube channelImprovements to the website certificate viewer, with more features and more detailed informationImprovements to the extensions downloads API for handling download failuresExtension popup windows now include the extension name instead of its moz-extension:// url when using the windows.create APIExtension-registered devtools panels now interact better with screen readers Download 71.0
Mozilla Firefox 70.0 x64 MSI
No desktop shortcut;English localization;No Updater (no mozilla maintance service);Upgradable. New More privacy protections from Enhanced Tracking Protection: Social tracking protection, which blocks cross-site tracking cookies from sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, is now a standard feature of Enhanced Tracking Protection. The Privacy Protections report shows an overview, with details, of the trackers Firefox has blocked. It provides consolidated reports from Monitor and Lockwise. More security protections from Firefox Lockwise, our digital identity and password management tool: Lockwise for desktop lets you create, update, and delete your logins and passwords to sync across all your devices, including the Lockwise mobile apps and Firefox mobile browsers.Integrated breach alerts from Firefox Monitor, to alert you when saved logins and passwords are compromised in online data breaches.Complex password generation, to help you create and save strong passwords for new online accounts. Improvements to core engine components, for better browsing on more sites: A faster Javascript Baseline Interpreter to handle the modern web’s large codebases and improve page load performance by as much as 8 percent.WebRender rolled out to more Firefox for Windows users, now available by default on Windows desktops with integrated Intel graphics cards and resolution of 1920x1200 or less) for improved graphics rendering.Compositor improvements in Firefox for macOS that reduce power consumption, speed up page load by as much as 22 percent, and reduce resource use for video by up to 37 percent. More browser features to help you get the most out of Firefox products and services: A stand-alone Firefox account menu for easy access to Firefox services like Monitor and Send.A message panel accessed from the gift icon in the toolbar that offers a quick overview of new releases and key features.When a website uses your geolocation, an indicator is shown in the address bar. Fixed Various security fixes Changed Built-in Firefox pages now follow the system dark mode preference. Aliased theme properties have been removed, which may affect some themes. Passwords can now be imported from Chrome on macOS in addition to existing support for Windows. Readability is now greatly improved on under- or overlined texts, including links. The lines will now be interrupted instead of crossing over a glyph. Improved privacy and security indicators: A new crossed-out lock icon will indicate sites delivered via insecure HTTPThe formerly green lock icon is now greyThe Extended Validation (EV) indicator has been moved to the identity popup that appears when clicking the lock icon Developer For additional developer resources from Mozilla, visit our Mozilla Developer YouTube channel for new videos every week. The Developer Tools Accessibility panel now includes an audit for keyboard accessibility and a color deficiency simulator for systems with WebRender enabled. Inactive CSS: The Inspector now grays out CSS declarations that don’t affect the selected element and shows a tooltip explaining why -- and even how to fix it. The new DOM Mutation Breakpoints in Developer Tools allows developers to diagnose when scripts add, remove or update page content. This makes debugging of complex script interactions and dependencies a lot easier. WebExtensions developers can now inspect browser.storage.local data using the "Addon Debugging" Firefox Developer Tools. With new network resource search in Developer Tools, you can quickly find resources based on their request and response data, including headers, cookies and content. Download 70.0 Read the full article
0 notes
riichardwilson · 5 years ago
Text
Technical SEO for Shopify: A guide to optimizing your store for search engines
Shopify’s platform makes it simple for beginner store owners to launch their e-commerce sites, but that convenience means that many of the technical aspects of your site have been decided for you. This introduces some Shopify-specific quirks that you may run into when optimizing your site architecture, URL structure, and use of JavaScript.
The basic search optimizations that all Shopify store owners should be aware of are already covered in our main Shopify SEO guide. In this guide, we’ll help you finetune your Shopify site’s technical SEO Company to help search engines crawl and index your pages.
Tackle duplicate pages
Shopify implements collections for grouping products into categories, making it easier for customers to find them. One drawback to this is that products belonging to collection pages create a duplicate URL issue. Technically speaking, Shopify collections is an array for storing Products semantically attached by convention (instead of by ID) to resource routing.
/config/routes.rb
resources :products do   collection do     get ‘collections’   end end
This maps the URL to a corresponding product controller action “collections” and resources.
When you associate a product with a collection page (as just about every merchant selling more than a handful of items is likely to do), Shopify automatically generates a second URL to that product page as part of the collection. This means you’ll have two URLs pointing to the same product; the URLs will appear as follows:
/collections/shirts-collection/products/blue-shirt
/products/blue-shirt
Duplicate content makes it more difficult for search engines to determine which URL to index and rank, and having multiple URLs for the same page can split your link building power because referrers may use either URL. With the use of the canonical tag you have an adequate solution for the first problem, but not the second.
The canonical tag was introduced by search engines to designate which spelling of URLs (that load the same content) is the preferred spelling for search results. There are many ways multiple spellings can come about, and Shopify’s use of collections generates duplicate URLs for products that belong to collections. Shopify points collection page canonical tags to the product page, which is excellent, but doesn’t solve the split links problem.
Eliminating alternate URLs. Fortunately, there is a known solution that you can use to resolve the issue within your templates, and you wouldn’t necessarily have to be familiar with the syntax (known as Liquid) that the template is built with. Although your mileage will vary depending on the theme you’re using, the edit you would employ should be fairly straightforward and involve an output filter “within: collection.”
To get started with this solution, you’ll first need to log into your Shopify account. From there, access your store’s theme by clicking on Online Store and then Themes from the left-hand sidebar. Next, click Customize in the Current theme section of the interface, as shown below.
In the next screen, click on Theme actions (located at the bottom of the left-hand sidebar) and then Edit code.
A new window will open, displaying your theme’s code templates to find the file that generates your collection links. In our case, we opened the Snippets folder and clicked on “{/} product-card.liquid” to locate the code we needed to edit. It appears on line 11, as indicated below.
You’ll need to edit that line of code from:
<a href="" class="product-card">
To:
<a href="" class="product-card">
This can be done by deleting the “ | within: collection” portion of the code. Older Liquid theme templates make reference to the now-deprecated current_collection which matches the solution in the forum link provided above. The important thing to find is the “|” pipe to the “within” filter name to Shopify’s collections and remove it.
The “within” filter builds the product link as part of the collection in the current collection context by switching what would otherwise be a rails route of “/products/:id” to “/collections/collection-name/products/:id,” for example. Since what we want is for such snippets to build links only to canonical URLs for the product, we simply remove the whole “within” filter and it works.
Overcome site architecture limitations
Another nagging problem associated with Shopify’s CMS is that your site architecture is part of the rigid structure of the Shopify rails implementation. The Shopify CMS is less flexible than WordPress, for example. If you want to perform seemingly straightforward optimizations to your site architecture, there isn’t always an obvious way to do so.
Shopify automatically generates URLs for product and collection pages. Store owners can only modify the last part of the URL (indicated in green).
For example, Shopify automatically generates the URL for your product detail pages using the following structure: myshopifystorename.com/products/product-name. Store owners can only customize the last part of the URL (indicated in green), which is derived from the page title.
If you want to remove the “/products” directory to tidy up your URLs, Shopify doesn’t have that option out-of-the-box. The SEO Company benefit of clean URLs is that users may be more inclined to click through from the search results, and other webmasters might be more likely to link to URLs which seem more authoritative by design. URLs with a path to a base directory page insinuate authority by virtue of a first-place directory rank and “/products” interferes with this. However, these paths are vital for your Shopify site’s backend to produce its dynamic content. Fortunately, there is an external workaround for this limitation.
The problem arises with conventional system frameworks, which often utilize request strings for organizational logic to access varying resources so that differing templates are provided the resources they need for publishing dynamic page content and or services. In Shopify’s case, it’s Ruby on Rails routing convention, where “/products/:id” maps URLs to product resources.
We’ve now tread into territory where you might be better off contacting a web developer unless you know how to write JavaScript and Ruby. These are more complex fixes for certain technical SEO Company problems that only a developer should implement.
Customizing site architecture with Cloud Workers. Using Cloud Workers from caching solution providers can allow for alternate delivery paths and even deliver alternate resources for requests. Cloud Workers can effectively mask Shopify’s “/products” and “/pages” URL paths.
With JavaScript Workers in the cloud, you have greater control over what’s available to you at the request/response cycle, which can mean control over practically anything. Examples include capturing requests for your sitemap.xml and robots.txt and serving alternate resources on-the-fly, injecting JavaScript into a page or groups of pages, and also cleaning up those pesky Shopify URLs to make keywords more prominent and pathnames more authoritative.
You would need to own a domain for this to work and have your registrar reset its domain name system (DNS) to point to Cloudflare, which can then provide you with the JavaScript Workers API at the point where your end-users are directed through Cloudflare by proxy to your origin server.
When you sign up for Cloudflare, you’ll log in and need to add DNS A records as well as collect Cloudflare nameserver addresses for use with your domain name registrar. Look for the DNS button as depicted above to get to the form for collecting the nameserver addresses and entering your website host IP address, where your website code is published.
You add your host provider’s origin server IP addresses by adding DNS ‘A’ (Authority) records using the interface as shown above (highlighted in green), and the Cloudflare nameserver addresses for use at your domain registrar (again, highlighted in green) which you will need to enter into name server fields at your registrar.
JavaScript Cloudflare Workers. Sign up for Cloudflare’s Workers and you now have access to introduce complex JavaScript for all manner of things. Configure which pages you want to begin managing with Workers by matching wildcard criteria to request URL structures, and you are then empowered with request and response objects to code against.
The following example would direct all conceivable URLs, including subdomains for the domain, through a Worker API at Cloudflare by proxy.
By clicking Workers and then the Add route button, you will be presented with a popup with the form for entering your URL route matching criteria. A wildcard syntax, which is the only dynamic matching operator you get, and being able to match several routes using the interface should be sufficient to match whatever you want. Refine your strategies to one route at a time since you can add several directed to one of several scripts.
Cloudflare has you set up a subdomain.workers.dev address for hosting your Workers script. You get an editing interface and a preview playground as an IDE directly in the Cloudflare front end. You’ll be able to change HTTP verbs and test how your Worker script responds before going live.
Solutions for things can run the gamut, from customizing response headers, Server Side Rendering (SSR), changing SEO Company by modifying titles, meta data, and content, redirecting, or even serving content from other hosts. In this way, you are enabled to perform SEO Company and/or full site migrations, including changes to architecture such as respelling “/pages” and “/products.”
This example demonstrates a few of these possibilities.
While there are references to other blocks and line 7 is incomplete, this block will parse a URL from the request object assigning it to the variable named “path,” and use it in a JavaScript switch statement to serve robots.txt and sitemap.xml Response objects, writing them directly without hitting the origin server at all. In the case of one particular request designated on line 8, it will serve a page from another domain instead, and before a fall-through default, line 9 will insert an include with the home page.
This example should provide you with a lot of food for thought about solving problems, including what you can do for Shopify issues. However, Cloudflare isn’t currently offering this as a self-service product for Shopify sites just yet, but it will after an initial testing period. The service has been live for over a year available to non-Shopify sites.
“The issue was that previously our system did not allow a direct customer to proxy in front of another customer, e.g., if you went to cloudflare.com and signed up yourstore.com as a zone, we used to block you from proxying [with Shopify] for various technical reasons,” Patrick Donahue, director of product management at Cloudflare, told Search Engine Land.
Cloudflare’s enterprise sales team is currently working directly with Shopify merchants who want to onboard because there are manual steps involved that require assistance from their solutions engineers, Donahue explained. Cloudflare plans to make this option more widely available later this year.
More solutions may be on the horizon. Now that Cloudflare has solved the problem of sorting out the proxy configuration settings to get it to work with Shopify (which itself uses a caching solution), hopefully other caching solution providers will offer similar services as Cloudflare is preparing to with Shopify stores.
Looking for more ways to optimize and market your Shopify store?
Check out these resources:
More development tips for SEO Companys
About The Author
Detlef Johnson is the SEO Company for Developers Expert for Search Engine Land and SMX. He is also a member of the programming team for SMX events and writes the SEO for Developers series on Search Engine Land. Detlef is one of the original group of pioneering webmasters who established the professional SEO Company field more than 20 years ago. Since then he has worked for major search engine technology providers, managed programming and marketing agency teams for Chicago Tribune, and consulted for numerous entities including Fortune 500 companies. Detlef has a strong understanding of Technical SEO Company and a passion for Web programming.
Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co
Delray Beach SEO
source http://www.scpie.org/technical-seo-for-shopify-a-guide-to-optimizing-your-store-for-search-engines/ source https://scpie.tumblr.com/post/619409612625641472
0 notes
scpie · 5 years ago
Text
Technical SEO for Shopify: A guide to optimizing your store for search engines
Shopify’s platform makes it simple for beginner store owners to launch their e-commerce sites, but that convenience means that many of the technical aspects of your site have been decided for you. This introduces some Shopify-specific quirks that you may run into when optimizing your site architecture, URL structure, and use of JavaScript.
The basic search optimizations that all Shopify store owners should be aware of are already covered in our main Shopify SEO guide. In this guide, we’ll help you finetune your Shopify site’s technical SEO Company to help search engines crawl and index your pages.
Tackle duplicate pages
Shopify implements collections for grouping products into categories, making it easier for customers to find them. One drawback to this is that products belonging to collection pages create a duplicate URL issue. Technically speaking, Shopify collections is an array for storing Products semantically attached by convention (instead of by ID) to resource routing.
/config/routes.rb
resources :products do   collection do     get ‘collections’   end end
This maps the URL to a corresponding product controller action “collections” and resources.
When you associate a product with a collection page (as just about every merchant selling more than a handful of items is likely to do), Shopify automatically generates a second URL to that product page as part of the collection. This means you’ll have two URLs pointing to the same product; the URLs will appear as follows:
/collections/shirts-collection/products/blue-shirt
/products/blue-shirt
Duplicate content makes it more difficult for search engines to determine which URL to index and rank, and having multiple URLs for the same page can split your link building power because referrers may use either URL. With the use of the canonical tag you have an adequate solution for the first problem, but not the second.
The canonical tag was introduced by search engines to designate which spelling of URLs (that load the same content) is the preferred spelling for search results. There are many ways multiple spellings can come about, and Shopify’s use of collections generates duplicate URLs for products that belong to collections. Shopify points collection page canonical tags to the product page, which is excellent, but doesn’t solve the split links problem.
Eliminating alternate URLs. Fortunately, there is a known solution that you can use to resolve the issue within your templates, and you wouldn’t necessarily have to be familiar with the syntax (known as Liquid) that the template is built with. Although your mileage will vary depending on the theme you’re using, the edit you would employ should be fairly straightforward and involve an output filter “within: collection.”
To get started with this solution, you’ll first need to log into your Shopify account. From there, access your store’s theme by clicking on Online Store and then Themes from the left-hand sidebar. Next, click Customize in the Current theme section of the interface, as shown below.
In the next screen, click on Theme actions (located at the bottom of the left-hand sidebar) and then Edit code.
A new window will open, displaying your theme’s code templates to find the file that generates your collection links. In our case, we opened the Snippets folder and clicked on “{/} product-card.liquid” to locate the code we needed to edit. It appears on line 11, as indicated below.
You’ll need to edit that line of code from:
<a href="" class="product-card">
To:
<a href="" class="product-card">
This can be done by deleting the “ | within: collection” portion of the code. Older Liquid theme templates make reference to the now-deprecated current_collection which matches the solution in the forum link provided above. The important thing to find is the “|” pipe to the “within” filter name to Shopify’s collections and remove it.
The “within” filter builds the product link as part of the collection in the current collection context by switching what would otherwise be a rails route of “/products/:id” to “/collections/collection-name/products/:id,” for example. Since what we want is for such snippets to build links only to canonical URLs for the product, we simply remove the whole “within” filter and it works.
Overcome site architecture limitations
Another nagging problem associated with Shopify’s CMS is that your site architecture is part of the rigid structure of the Shopify rails implementation. The Shopify CMS is less flexible than WordPress, for example. If you want to perform seemingly straightforward optimizations to your site architecture, there isn’t always an obvious way to do so.
Shopify automatically generates URLs for product and collection pages. Store owners can only modify the last part of the URL (indicated in green).
For example, Shopify automatically generates the URL for your product detail pages using the following structure: myshopifystorename.com/products/product-name. Store owners can only customize the last part of the URL (indicated in green), which is derived from the page title.
If you want to remove the “/products” directory to tidy up your URLs, Shopify doesn’t have that option out-of-the-box. The SEO Company benefit of clean URLs is that users may be more inclined to click through from the search results, and other webmasters might be more likely to link to URLs which seem more authoritative by design. URLs with a path to a base directory page insinuate authority by virtue of a first-place directory rank and “/products” interferes with this. However, these paths are vital for your Shopify site’s backend to produce its dynamic content. Fortunately, there is an external workaround for this limitation.
The problem arises with conventional system frameworks, which often utilize request strings for organizational logic to access varying resources so that differing templates are provided the resources they need for publishing dynamic page content and or services. In Shopify’s case, it’s Ruby on Rails routing convention, where “/products/:id” maps URLs to product resources.
We’ve now tread into territory where you might be better off contacting a web developer unless you know how to write JavaScript and Ruby. These are more complex fixes for certain technical SEO Company problems that only a developer should implement.
Customizing site architecture with Cloud Workers. Using Cloud Workers from caching solution providers can allow for alternate delivery paths and even deliver alternate resources for requests. Cloud Workers can effectively mask Shopify’s “/products” and “/pages” URL paths.
With JavaScript Workers in the cloud, you have greater control over what’s available to you at the request/response cycle, which can mean control over practically anything. Examples include capturing requests for your sitemap.xml and robots.txt and serving alternate resources on-the-fly, injecting JavaScript into a page or groups of pages, and also cleaning up those pesky Shopify URLs to make keywords more prominent and pathnames more authoritative.
You would need to own a domain for this to work and have your registrar reset its domain name system (DNS) to point to Cloudflare, which can then provide you with the JavaScript Workers API at the point where your end-users are directed through Cloudflare by proxy to your origin server.
When you sign up for Cloudflare, you’ll log in and need to add DNS A records as well as collect Cloudflare nameserver addresses for use with your domain name registrar. Look for the DNS button as depicted above to get to the form for collecting the nameserver addresses and entering your website host IP address, where your website code is published.
You add your host provider’s origin server IP addresses by adding DNS ‘A’ (Authority) records using the interface as shown above (highlighted in green), and the Cloudflare nameserver addresses for use at your domain registrar (again, highlighted in green) which you will need to enter into name server fields at your registrar.
JavaScript Cloudflare Workers. Sign up for Cloudflare’s Workers and you now have access to introduce complex JavaScript for all manner of things. Configure which pages you want to begin managing with Workers by matching wildcard criteria to request URL structures, and you are then empowered with request and response objects to code against.
The following example would direct all conceivable URLs, including subdomains for the domain, through a Worker API at Cloudflare by proxy.
By clicking Workers and then the Add route button, you will be presented with a popup with the form for entering your URL route matching criteria. A wildcard syntax, which is the only dynamic matching operator you get, and being able to match several routes using the interface should be sufficient to match whatever you want. Refine your strategies to one route at a time since you can add several directed to one of several scripts.
Cloudflare has you set up a subdomain.workers.dev address for hosting your Workers script. You get an editing interface and a preview playground as an IDE directly in the Cloudflare front end. You’ll be able to change HTTP verbs and test how your Worker script responds before going live.
Solutions for things can run the gamut, from customizing response headers, Server Side Rendering (SSR), changing SEO Company by modifying titles, meta data, and content, redirecting, or even serving content from other hosts. In this way, you are enabled to perform SEO Company and/or full site migrations, including changes to architecture such as respelling “/pages” and “/products.”
This example demonstrates a few of these possibilities.
While there are references to other blocks and line 7 is incomplete, this block will parse a URL from the request object assigning it to the variable named “path,” and use it in a JavaScript switch statement to serve robots.txt and sitemap.xml Response objects, writing them directly without hitting the origin server at all. In the case of one particular request designated on line 8, it will serve a page from another domain instead, and before a fall-through default, line 9 will insert an include with the home page.
This example should provide you with a lot of food for thought about solving problems, including what you can do for Shopify issues. However, Cloudflare isn’t currently offering this as a self-service product for Shopify sites just yet, but it will after an initial testing period. The service has been live for over a year available to non-Shopify sites.
“The issue was that previously our system did not allow a direct customer to proxy in front of another customer, e.g., if you went to cloudflare.com and signed up yourstore.com as a zone, we used to block you from proxying [with Shopify] for various technical reasons,” Patrick Donahue, director of product management at Cloudflare, told Search Engine Land.
Cloudflare’s enterprise sales team is currently working directly with Shopify merchants who want to onboard because there are manual steps involved that require assistance from their solutions engineers, Donahue explained. Cloudflare plans to make this option more widely available later this year.
More solutions may be on the horizon. Now that Cloudflare has solved the problem of sorting out the proxy configuration settings to get it to work with Shopify (which itself uses a caching solution), hopefully other caching solution providers will offer similar services as Cloudflare is preparing to with Shopify stores.
Looking for more ways to optimize and market your Shopify store?
Check out these resources:
More development tips for SEO Companys
About The Author
Detlef Johnson is the SEO Company for Developers Expert for Search Engine Land and SMX. He is also a member of the programming team for SMX events and writes the SEO for Developers series on Search Engine Land. Detlef is one of the original group of pioneering webmasters who established the professional SEO Company field more than 20 years ago. Since then he has worked for major search engine technology providers, managed programming and marketing agency teams for Chicago Tribune, and consulted for numerous entities including Fortune 500 companies. Detlef has a strong understanding of Technical SEO Company and a passion for Web programming.
Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co
Delray Beach SEO
source http://www.scpie.org/technical-seo-for-shopify-a-guide-to-optimizing-your-store-for-search-engines/
0 notes
laurelkrugerr · 5 years ago
Text
Technical SEO for Shopify: A guide to optimizing your store for search engines
Shopify’s platform makes it simple for beginner store owners to launch their e-commerce sites, but that convenience means that many of the technical aspects of your site have been decided for you. This introduces some Shopify-specific quirks that you may run into when optimizing your site architecture, URL structure, and use of JavaScript.
The basic search optimizations that all Shopify store owners should be aware of are already covered in our main Shopify SEO guide. In this guide, we’ll help you finetune your Shopify site’s technical SEO Company to help search engines crawl and index your pages.
Tackle duplicate pages
Shopify implements collections for grouping products into categories, making it easier for customers to find them. One drawback to this is that products belonging to collection pages create a duplicate URL issue. Technically speaking, Shopify collections is an array for storing Products semantically attached by convention (instead of by ID) to resource routing.
/config/routes.rb
resources :products do collection do get ‘collections’ end end
This maps the URL to a corresponding product controller action “collections” and resources.
When you associate a product with a collection page (as just about every merchant selling more than a handful of items is likely to do), Shopify automatically generates a second URL to that product page as part of the collection. This means you’ll have two URLs pointing to the same product; the URLs will appear as follows:
/collections/shirts-collection/products/blue-shirt
/products/blue-shirt
Duplicate content makes it more difficult for search engines to determine which URL to index and rank, and having multiple URLs for the same page can split your link building power because referrers may use either URL. With the use of the canonical tag you have an adequate solution for the first problem, but not the second.
The canonical tag was introduced by search engines to designate which spelling of URLs (that load the same content) is the preferred spelling for search results. There are many ways multiple spellings can come about, and Shopify’s use of collections generates duplicate URLs for products that belong to collections. Shopify points collection page canonical tags to the product page, which is excellent, but doesn’t solve the split links problem.
Eliminating alternate URLs. Fortunately, there is a known solution that you can use to resolve the issue within your templates, and you wouldn’t necessarily have to be familiar with the syntax (known as Liquid) that the template is built with. Although your mileage will vary depending on the theme you’re using, the edit you would employ should be fairly straightforward and involve an output filter “within: collection.”
To get started with this solution, you’ll first need to log into your Shopify account. From there, access your store’s theme by clicking on Online Store and then Themes from the left-hand sidebar. Next, click Customize in the Current theme section of the interface, as shown below.
In the next screen, click on Theme actions (located at the bottom of the left-hand sidebar) and then Edit code.
A new window will open, displaying your theme’s code templates to find the file that generates your collection links. In our case, we opened the Snippets folder and clicked on “{/} product-card.liquid” to locate the code we needed to edit. It appears on line 11, as indicated below.
You’ll need to edit that line of code from:
<a href="" class="product-card">
To:
<a href="" class="product-card">
This can be done by deleting the “ | within: collection” portion of the code. Older Liquid theme templates make reference to the now-deprecated current_collection which matches the solution in the forum link provided above. The important thing to find is the “|” pipe to the “within” filter name to Shopify’s collections and remove it.
The “within” filter builds the product link as part of the collection in the current collection context by switching what would otherwise be a rails route of “/products/:id” to “/collections/collection-name/products/:id,” for example. Since what we want is for such snippets to build links only to canonical URLs for the product, we simply remove the whole “within” filter and it works.
Overcome site architecture limitations
Another nagging problem associated with Shopify’s CMS is that your site architecture is part of the rigid structure of the Shopify rails implementation. The Shopify CMS is less flexible than WordPress, for example. If you want to perform seemingly straightforward optimizations to your site architecture, there isn’t always an obvious way to do so.
Shopify automatically generates URLs for product and collection pages. Store owners can only modify the last part of the URL (indicated in green).
For example, Shopify automatically generates the URL for your product detail pages using the following structure: myshopifystorename.com/products/product-name. Store owners can only customize the last part of the URL (indicated in green), which is derived from the page title.
If you want to remove the “/products” directory to tidy up your URLs, Shopify doesn’t have that option out-of-the-box. The SEO Company benefit of clean URLs is that users may be more inclined to click through from the search results, and other webmasters might be more likely to link to URLs which seem more authoritative by design. URLs with a path to a base directory page insinuate authority by virtue of a first-place directory rank and “/products” interferes with this. However, these paths are vital for your Shopify site’s backend to produce its dynamic content. Fortunately, there is an external workaround for this limitation.
The problem arises with conventional system frameworks, which often utilize request strings for organizational logic to access varying resources so that differing templates are provided the resources they need for publishing dynamic page content and or services. In Shopify’s case, it’s Ruby on Rails routing convention, where “/products/:id” maps URLs to product resources.
We’ve now tread into territory where you might be better off contacting a web developer unless you know how to write JavaScript and Ruby. These are more complex fixes for certain technical SEO Company problems that only a developer should implement.
Customizing site architecture with Cloud Workers. Using Cloud Workers from caching solution providers can allow for alternate delivery paths and even deliver alternate resources for requests. Cloud Workers can effectively mask Shopify’s “/products” and “/pages” URL paths.
With JavaScript Workers in the cloud, you have greater control over what’s available to you at the request/response cycle, which can mean control over practically anything. Examples include capturing requests for your sitemap.xml and robots.txt and serving alternate resources on-the-fly, injecting JavaScript into a page or groups of pages, and also cleaning up those pesky Shopify URLs to make keywords more prominent and pathnames more authoritative.
You would need to own a domain for this to work and have your registrar reset its domain name system (DNS) to point to Cloudflare, which can then provide you with the JavaScript Workers API at the point where your end-users are directed through Cloudflare by proxy to your origin server.
When you sign up for Cloudflare, you’ll log in and need to add DNS A records as well as collect Cloudflare nameserver addresses for use with your domain name registrar. Look for the DNS button as depicted above to get to the form for collecting the nameserver addresses and entering your website host IP address, where your website code is published.
You add your host provider’s origin server IP addresses by adding DNS ‘A’ (Authority) records using the interface as shown above (highlighted in green), and the Cloudflare nameserver addresses for use at your domain registrar (again, highlighted in green) which you will need to enter into name server fields at your registrar.
JavaScript Cloudflare Workers. Sign up for Cloudflare’s Workers and you now have access to introduce complex JavaScript for all manner of things. Configure which pages you want to begin managing with Workers by matching wildcard criteria to request URL structures, and you are then empowered with request and response objects to code against.
The following example would direct all conceivable URLs, including subdomains for the domain, through a Worker API at Cloudflare by proxy.
By clicking Workers and then the Add route button, you will be presented with a popup with the form for entering your URL route matching criteria. A wildcard syntax, which is the only dynamic matching operator you get, and being able to match several routes using the interface should be sufficient to match whatever you want. Refine your strategies to one route at a time since you can add several directed to one of several scripts.
Cloudflare has you set up a subdomain.workers.dev address for hosting your Workers script. You get an editing interface and a preview playground as an IDE directly in the Cloudflare front end. You’ll be able to change HTTP verbs and test how your Worker script responds before going live.
Solutions for things can run the gamut, from customizing response headers, Server Side Rendering (SSR), changing SEO Company by modifying titles, meta data, and content, redirecting, or even serving content from other hosts. In this way, you are enabled to perform SEO Company and/or full site migrations, including changes to architecture such as respelling “/pages” and “/products.”
This example demonstrates a few of these possibilities.
While there are references to other blocks and line 7 is incomplete, this block will parse a URL from the request object assigning it to the variable named “path,” and use it in a JavaScript switch statement to serve robots.txt and sitemap.xml Response objects, writing them directly without hitting the origin server at all. In the case of one particular request designated on line 8, it will serve a page from another domain instead, and before a fall-through default, line 9 will insert an include with the home page.
This example should provide you with a lot of food for thought about solving problems, including what you can do for Shopify issues. However, Cloudflare isn’t currently offering this as a self-service product for Shopify sites just yet, but it will after an initial testing period. The service has been live for over a year available to non-Shopify sites.
“The issue was that previously our system did not allow a direct customer to proxy in front of another customer, e.g., if you went to cloudflare.com and signed up yourstore.com as a zone, we used to block you from proxying [with Shopify] for various technical reasons,” Patrick Donahue, director of product management at Cloudflare, told Search Engine Land.
Cloudflare’s enterprise sales team is currently working directly with Shopify merchants who want to onboard because there are manual steps involved that require assistance from their solutions engineers, Donahue explained. Cloudflare plans to make this option more widely available later this year.
More solutions may be on the horizon. Now that Cloudflare has solved the problem of sorting out the proxy configuration settings to get it to work with Shopify (which itself uses a caching solution), hopefully other caching solution providers will offer similar services as Cloudflare is preparing to with Shopify stores.
Looking for more ways to optimize and market your Shopify store?
Check out these resources:
More development tips for SEO Companys
About The Author
Detlef Johnson is the SEO Company for Developers Expert for Search Engine Land and SMX. He is also a member of the programming team for SMX events and writes the SEO for Developers series on Search Engine Land. Detlef is one of the original group of pioneering webmasters who established the professional SEO Company field more than 20 years ago. Since then he has worked for major search engine technology providers, managed programming and marketing agency teams for Chicago Tribune, and consulted for numerous entities including Fortune 500 companies. Detlef has a strong understanding of Technical SEO Company and a passion for Web programming.
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source http://www.scpie.org/technical-seo-for-shopify-a-guide-to-optimizing-your-store-for-search-engines/ source https://scpie1.blogspot.com/2020/05/technical-seo-for-shopify-guide-to.html
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kadobeclothing · 5 years ago
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45 Tech Terms Translated Into Plain English
Ever seen the movie The Social Network about Mark Zuckerberg and the founding of Facebook? In the movie, people kept saying “he’s wired in” or “they’re wired in” over and over again in reference to people coding intensely with their headphones on. Not knowing anything about programming, I always imagined that being “wired in” meant the programmers were somehow listening to the computers, or that they were connected to the code somehow … or something weird that us non-programmers would never understand. Turns out it just meant they were concentrating really hard with headphones on. Well, good thing I never hypothesized out loud. We all misinterpret some of the techy terms floating around web and product design nowadays — but now more than ever, marketers need to be familiar with this vocabulary so we can communicate better with our IT, web design, or product development departments. To help bridge the gap, here are 45 techy terms every marketer (and human) should understand. (For a few of these, we drew on these 60 marketing acronyms every industry pro should know.) 301 Redirect A permanent redirect from one URL to another — usually from a company’s old website to their new website. They’re also used to redirect web traffic from those old web pages to the new ones that have replaced them. 404 Web visitors see 404 error pages when they try to reach a web page that doesn’t exist. This usually happens when the web page has been deleted or the visitor mistyped the URL. Check out HubSpot’s 404 page here. Alt Text “Alternative text,” or “alt text.” The text associated with an image. It’s usually the file name of that image, but alt text can be customized using most content management systems (like HubSpot’s). When an image isn’t able to load in an email, website, or blog post, the alt text is displayed instead.  It’s important for all the images on your website to have alt text because it’s the only way search engines like Google can understand what an image is about, which helps you optimize your website for search. It also makes images accessible to the blind because screen readers can read aloud the alt text. API “Application programming interface.” A computer programming term meaning a series of rules. APIs allow an application to extract information from a service and use that information in their own application, or sometimes for data analysis. It’s kind of like a phone for applications to have conversations — an API literally “calls” one application and gets information to bring to you to use in your software. APIs facilitate the data needed to provide solutions to customer problems. HubSpot has APIs that developers use to get information from our software into theirs. It’s important for marketers to understand what APIs can do to factor them in to their marketing strategies. Learn more about how marketers can use APIs here. AWS Amazon Web Services is a service that helps web developers and ecommerce owners in developing certain shopping-related features of their websites.  Browser Cache The appliance or instrument through which a browser saves the data needed to see a website, like images and HTML. When you revisit a web page, it’ll take less time to load than the first time you visited it because a cached version of the page was already saved the first time you were there. Because you have a cached version of the page, your browser doesn’t need to send a new request to see that page. Learn more about browser caches here. “Cached out” can also be slang for really, really tired. Blockchain In simple terms, blockchain is a ledger system that uses an open, distributed record to keep track of transactions — transactions could mean cryptocurrencies, medical information, voting or home records, and more. Cart Abandonment When people add products to online shopping carts but don’t check out and actually purchase those products. According to Fireclick, 62.30% is the average online cart abandonment rate. It’s a common problem for many ecommerce stores. Learn 8 reasons for cart abandonment and how to combat it here. CDN “Content delivery network” or “content distribution network.” A system of servers on the internet that provides content rapidly to multiple users by duplicating the content on multiple servers and directing the content to users based on proximity. CDNs enable better performance and availability — plus, they offload traffic served directly from the content provider’s website. They’re especially good for streaming audio, video, and internet television programming. To give you a better idea of how the system works, CDN operators get paid by content providers (like media companies and ecommerce vendors) to deliver their content to end users. In turn, CDNs pay ISPs (internet service providers), carriers, and network operators for hosting its servers in their data centers. Cookies/Tracking Cookies A small file that a web server automatically sends to your personal computer when you browse certain websites. The identifying information they contain includes login credentials (including usernames and passwords), shopping cart information, and preferences. They’re stored as text files on your hard drive so servers can access them when you return to websites you’ve visited before. Ever made a return visit to a website like Amazon and seen content tailored to your user preferences? That’s because on your first visit, a cookie was installed. When you came back, the website server read your cookie and recognized you. Learn more about how marketers can use cookies here. CMS A CMS, or content management system, is a platform that allows less-techy people to build websites and content from professionally designed templates. More tech-savvy users can often further customize these templates or website themes with HTML edits or plug-ins, which you’ll learn more about on this list. Notable examples of CMSs include WordPress and WIx. CSS “Cascading style sheets.” A language that manages the design and presentation of web pages: color, look, feel, and so on. It works together with HTML (see HTML), which handles the content of web pages. “HTML is the skeleton of your web pages, while CSS is the clothing,” as one of our colleagues says. With CSS, you can create rules to tell your website how you want it to display information. And you can keep the commands for the style stuff — fonts, colors, and so on — separate from the commands for the content. They’re called “cascading” because you can have multiple style sheets, with one style sheet inheriting properties (or “cascading”) from others. Learn more here. Disaster Recovery Plan A plan that helps an organization prepare in the event that its website goes down or something happens to the webmaster. These disasters could be hard drive failure, hackers, and so on. Disaster recovery plans include recording important website information, performing and saving regular backups of your website, determining an implementation plan for recovering your website should anything happen, and keeping an extra copy of your website data in a safe place. DNS “Domain name server.” Servers that translates web addresses into one or more IP addresses. This is why you can enter HubSpot.com instead of having to remember our IP address. DoS/DDoS Attack “Denial-of-service” or “distributed denial-of-service” attack. An attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. DoS threats usually target websites or services hosted on high-profile web servers like banks and credit card payment gateways, but they’re also common in business in the form of website attacks. For example, one common type of attack on businesses would be attempting a service overload — i.e. flooding a network with so much information that it either can’t respond to legitimate traffic, or responds so slowly that it’s basically useless. Sadly, there isn’t much you can do to avoid being a victim of a DoS attack except securing passwords and installing anti-virus software and a firewall. Signs of an attack are unusually slow network performance, unavailability of a website, or the inability to access a website. Contact your IT team if you sense something’s off. Hosting Servers The web servers where website files are housed, served, and maintained. HTML “Hyper-text markup language.” The language used to direct the architecture of your website, landing pages, and emails. HTML lays out the structure of your website, from the title and first header, to a bulleted list, to your footer. Remember, “HTML is the skeleton of your web pages, while CSS is the clothing.” Learn more here. Interface/GUI GUI stands for “graphical user interface,” known also as simply “interface.” An interface is the part of a piece of software that the end user actually sees and interacts with. IPaaS IPaaS, which stands for Integrated Platform as a Service, is a cloud-based platform that connects various applications, systems, and technologies within the cloud or on-premise. It allows for the deployment and maintenance of integration flows without the need for hardware or middleware either within an organization or between an organization and third-party software. IP Address “Internet Protocol address.” A numerical label assigned to each device participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. ISP “Internet service provider.” An organization (commercial, community-owned, nonprofit, or otherwise privately owned) that provides internet services. Javascript A computer programming language used to create interactive effects within web browsers. For example, it allows you to perform calculations, write interactive games, add special effects, check forms, create security passwords, customize graphics, and so on. It has become the standard equipment in virtually all web browsers and is well-suited to a large range of non-web-related applications.  Mimification Mimification involves going into a web page or piece of content and pulling out all of the useless or excess code or spaces. This can help to increase page load speeds which can also boost your Google SEO.  Machine Learning Machine Learning is an artificial intelligence technique where algorithms are trained to recognize patterns and respond to them by performing tasks. For example, a customer service bot for a travel site might be trained to send you deals related to Bermuda if it recognizes the words, “beach vacation” or “Bermuda.” NLP NLP, or natural language processing, is when machine-learning algorithms are trained to comprehend large amounts of human language and respond to those commands. You might hear about this machine learning technique most when you are reading about voice assistant products that can respond to multiple spoken commands at once, like Amazon’s Echo.  Parallax Design You’ve probably seen those super-cool scrolling website designs like this one from Wildlife, this one from Bagigia, or this one from Honda? That’s parallax — a web design that takes a visual storytelling approach to guiding visitors through a website, and brings user experience to a new, interactive level. Pixel Pixels from external ad networks work similarly to the HubSpot tracking code. Once installed on your site, the pixel detects visits to your pages. This data is the basis for creating ad audiences. These ad audiences to target ads can be used to target your ads at specific visitors. Pixels also collect data that can help optimize ads and measure your ads’ results. Plugin/Plug-In A software extension that adds a specific feature to an existing software application. You’ve probably heard of plugins in the context of web browsers to add new features like virus scanners, for example. Ever enabled Adobe Flash Player or Microsoft Silverlight QuickTime Player on your internet browser? Yup — those are plugins. Registrar A company that registers domain names, like GoDaddy. Responsive Design The method of designing web pages that automatically appear in their optimized form on all devices. In other words, responsive design automatically reformats your website for all screen sizes so your website visitors can easily interact with your site no matter what device they’re using. Due to the rapid increase in mobile usage in recent years, responsive design has become somewhat of a necessity. Here’s how responsive design gets you more from your website.  RSS Feed “Rich site summary feed.” A web feed that publishes frequently updated information like blog posts and news stories. They let publishers syndicate data automatically, which is why they’re sometimes known as “really simple syndication.” When you subscribe to a website’s RSS, you no longer need to check their website for new content — instead, your browser will automatically monitor the site and give you timely updates. SaaS SaaS stands for “Service as a Software.” This acronym categorizes platforms that help professionals and B2B employees with daily tasks or other aspects of their own job. Examples of SaaS platforms are HubSpot, Slack, and DocuSign.  Sandbox A place to run a program for testing and experimenting in software development. Basically, it’s a testing environment that isolates untested code changes and experimentation. This isolation protects live servers and their data from changes that could be damaging. Scrum A framework for managing product development used in agile software development. In Scrum, projects are divided into succinct work cadences known as “sprints,” which are usually one, two, or three weeks long. At the end of each sprint, the team meets to assess their progress and plan the next sprint. One key to Scrum’s popularity and success is that it has a simple set of roles, responsibilities, and meetings that never change. Learn more about Scrum here. Session In computer science, a session is a dialogue, conversation, or meeting between two or more communicating devices, or between a computer and a user (like a login session). It typically involves saving information about the session history in order to be able to communicate.  SEO SEO or search engine optimization is a strategy that optimizes your site and content so it can easily be found and promoted on online search engines. Showstopper Slang for anything that could stop the launch of a new product, like a bug. Site Map Site maps show a hierarchical view of a website’s pages and content. It helps website designers figure out what content is needed on a website before they begin designing it. Site maps can also be web pages that offer links to all of the pages on a website. UI “User interface.” A type of interface that allows users to control a software application or hardware device. A good user interface provides a user-friendly experience by allowing the user to interact with the software or hardware in an intuitive way. It includes a menu bar, toolbar, windows, buttons, and so on. Learn how to create a user-friendly website registration process here. UTM A UTM is a code that shows up in a tracking URL that allows a website, such as HubSpot to track views from a specific source, such as a social post or promotional email. Learn how to create and track UTMs and tracking URLs here. URL “Uniform resource locator.” Also known as a web address, a URL is a specific character string that refers to a resource. It’s displayed on the top of a web browser inside an “address” bar. Learn how to optimize your URLs for search here. UX The overall “user experience” a customer has with a particular business, from their discovery and awareness of the brand all the way through their interaction, purchase, use, and even advocacy of that brand. To deliver an excellent customer experience, you have to think like a customer, or better, think about being the customer. Learn more here. Vector Graphics A computer graphics term to describe the use of “geometrical primitive objects” like points, lines, curves, and shapes to represent images. Here’s an example of a real phone that has been “vectorized.”                    Waterfall Development A sequential design process often used in software development processes, where progress is seen as “flowing” steadily downward through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production/implementation, and maintenance. The point of waterfall development is to spend more time in the early stages of the software production cycle because catching bugs and other issues early on is cheaper and easier to fix than catching them later. Web Accessibility The ability for your website to be accessed by people with different physical and mental abilities, age, location, and so on. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognizes access to the web as a basic human right. Properly designed websites and web tools can be used by people with disabilities. Here are a few examples from W3C of things to include on your website to make them accessible to people with disabilities: Alt text for images — Alt text makes images accessible to blind people because their screen readers, which read aloud the information on a page, also read out the alt text for visual images. It also makes the image information available to people who turned off images on their mobile phones to lower bandwidth charges or people in rural areas who turn off images to speed download. (Alt text is also important for SEO purposes because it lets Google know what the subject matter of the image is.) Transcripts for videos and podcasts — Include transcripts to give access to people with hearing disabilities. Wired In Working with headphones on, indicating you don’t want to be disturbed. When programmers write code, sometimes they’ll plug in earphones to isolate themselves from the outside world so they can be totally focused on coding. Editor’s Note: This blog post was originally published in July 2014, but was updated in November 2019 for comprehensiveness. 
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faizrashis1995 · 5 years ago
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What is Kubernetes
So What is Kubernetes?
Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and services—with a framework to run distributed systems resiliently. It takes care of your scaling requirements, failover, deployment patterns, scaling, load balancing, logging, and monitoring, much like PaaS offerings. However, it operates at the container level rather than at the hardware level.
 It was initially built upon a decade and a half of the Google experience running production workloads. Open-sourced in 2014, Kubernetes is now a growing ecosystem that combines best practices for application deployment to run some of the largest software services by scale.
 The name Kubernetes is derived from a Greek term meaning ‘helmsman’ or ‘pilot.’ True to this word, Kubernetes provides the guiding force for developer platforms to transition from virtual machines (VMs) to containers and the statically scheduled to the dynamically scheduled. This means no more manual integration and configuration when you move from a testing environment to an actual production environment or from on-premise to the cloud! The Kubernetes logical compute environment offers common services to all the applications in the cluster as part of the ecosystem for the software to run consistently.
 Kubernetes: The Container Orchestration Tool
Kubernetes allows you to manage hundreds of containers and clusters of hosts on which containers are executed. When you deploy your containerized applications to a group of computers, Kubernetes automates their distribution and scheduling, working as an orchestration platform to simplify the work of technical teams.
 Particularly, in instances when you need to manage applications with hundreds of containers spread across multiple hosts, a container orchestration tool like Kubernetes manages the workloads in a compute cluster, connecting to the outside world for scheduling, load balancing, and distribution.
 The Kubernetes DevOps Tool
The container orchestration capability of Kubernetes closes the gap between IT operations and development, making a great collaborative DevOps environment for sharing software and their dependencies seamlessly between different environments.
 It facilitates the software lifecycle and the enabler teams in the build-test-deploy timeline:
 Developer environment, by helping to run the software in any setting
QA/Testing process, through coordinated pipelines between test and production
Sys-admin, by running anything once configured
Operations, by offering a comprehensive solution for building, shipping, and scaling software
Kubernetes has emerged as a good actor in DevOps as it focuses on features and bugs rather than time-intensive tasks to enable better software to be shipped with a smooth DevOps workflow.
 Benefits of Using Kubernetes
Although we have several tools in DevOps that are equally popular like the Docker, Kubernetes wins the votes. This is because of the many benefits that far outweigh other tools.
 Among its many attributes, Kubernetes:
 Lays the foundations for developing and building cloud-native applications that can run anywhere, independent of cloud requirements
Speeds up the process of building, testing, and releasing software
Has the ability to handle scaling-up of both applications and infrastructure in real-time
Tackles workload scalability on the fly
Controls resource consumption and hardware use
Balances application load across the host infrastructure
Moves an application to another host in the event of resource shortage
Facilitates easy rollbacks
Tests and auto-corrects applications
Delivers the software quickly with better compliance
Increases transparency and collaboration within the teams and pipelines
Effectively minimizes security risk while controlling cost
Increases the efficiency of server usage
Renders health-check of your apps and self-heals with auto-placement, auto-restart, auto-replication, and auto-scaling
Can be combined with other open-source projects to orchestrate all parts of your container infrastructure
Supports better IT security
Helps manage your containerized applications more easily and quickly
Increases developer productivity
Automates patches and updates
Allows visibility for in-process and failed deployments with status query support
Saves time when a deployment is paused at any time, to be quickly resumed later
Allows version control with newer versions of application images or a rollback when the current version is not stable
Supports container balancing as it automatically places containers by computing the best location
Manages your batch and compute-intensive (CI) workloads for efficient batch execution
Reduces the time to onboard new projects and applications
The benefits of Kubernetes extend beyond the development, testing, and production environment to perform mission-critical tasks in large-scale businesses.
 Features of Kubernetes
Kubernetes offers the widest range of features required to deploy containerized applications.
 Portable and Open-Sourced
As an open-source platform, Kubernetes can run containers on any number of public clouds, virtual machines, or infrastructures. Its compatibility with most platforms makes it highly flexible and usable.
 Programming Language and Framework Support
Kubernetes supports most programming languages and frameworks.
 Automatic Resource Bin Packing
The application is packaged, and the containers scheduled based on available resources, allowing optimal utilization of unused resources. As Kubernetes enables you to specify the CPU and RAM needs of each container, the containers can be slotted to increase compute efficiency and ultimately lowers costs.  
 Container Deployment Control
Kubernetes allows complete control over the number of containers you want with deployment and keeps those containers ready with a rollout. Thus, you can automate Kubernetes to create new containers, remove existing containers, or adopt all of their resources to a new container.
 DevOps Engineer Master's Program
Bridge between software developers and operationsEXPLORE COURSE
Automated Rollouts and Rollbacks
Versions and updates are automated and running, so you don’t waste time or resources on downtime. Also, the health of the application is screened during rollout to automatically rollback in the case of any glitch or failure.
 Health Checks and Self-healing
It checks the health of nodes and containers to ensure than an application doesn’t fail. In case of a pod crash or an error, Kubernetes automatically restarts containers that fail, replaces or kills containers that don’t match user-defined health checks, and doesn’t make them available to clients until they are client-ready.
 Secure Configuration Management
You can store and manage user information such as passwords and SSH keys, deploy secrets and application configuration without rebuilding your container images, and do all of this without exposing secrets in your stack configuration.
 Service Discovery and Load Balancing
Kubernetes can expose a container using the DNS or IP address. For high traffic to a container, it can automatically balance the loads into the pods and distribute the network traffic for the stable deployment of software.
 This supports the distribution of load and auto-balancing of resources instantly during incidental traffic or batch processing.
 Storage Orchestration
You can automatically mount a storage system or orchestrate containers on multiple hosts.
 Auto-Scaling of Resources and Applications in Real-Time
Kubernetes offers several features for auto-scaling. You can deploy and control the number of containers based on computing resources, workload balance, and scale-out your software or create applications on more containers by grouping containers in pods. Horizontal autoscaling is another feature whereby Kubernetes auto-scalers automatically size a deployment’s number of pods based on the usage of specified resources and at the individual server level.
 New servers can be added or removed easily. Kubernetes can thus automatically expose your containers to the internet or other containers in the cluster to automatically load balance traffic across matching containers.
 Heterogeneous Clusters
Kubernetes allows you to build your cluster with a mix of virtual machines on the cloud, on-premise, or in your data center, to suit your requirements.
 Persistent Storage Support
Kubernetes workflow includes support for Amazon Web Services EBS, Google Cloud Platform persistent disks, and other storage.
 Workload Support
Kubernetes supports a variety of workloads: stateless, stateful, data-processing.
 Application Type Support
Kubernetes offers complete support for the application types, application frameworks, and language without differentiating between apps and services.
 To get a brief understanding of the features, architecture, and working of Kubernetes, check out this Kubernetes Tutorial video -
   Takeaway
Kubernetes has emerged as the cornerstone of DevOps. Its many benefits and flexibility make it the preferred choice of companies when they want to develop, test, and deploy their products and services. Thus, more and more companies are investing in the container management system and Kubernetes.
 If you’re looking at enhancing your career prospects in DevOps or building in-depth knowledge about containerization and orchestration tools, then you must check out Simplilearn’s Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Certification Training. Learn how to build applications in containers and deploy and manage a Kubernetes cluster. Master the most trending DevOps tool, Kubernetes, to help facilitate the process of development-to-deployment.[Source]-https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-kubernetes-article
Basic & Advanced Kubernetes Training Online using cloud computing, AWS, Docker etc. in Mumbai. Advanced Containers Domain is used for 25 hours Kubernetes Training.
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robertbryantblog · 5 years ago
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What Host Software Program
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johnattaway · 5 years ago
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droneseco · 6 years ago
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AmpliFi Instant: The Best Mesh Wi-Fi on a Budget
Our verdict of the AmpliFi Instant: At such a disruptive price point, the AmpliFi Instant is beautifully designed, and loaded with features. This makes it one of the best mesh Wi-Fi solutions on a budget.1010
With all the mesh Wi-Fi options available nowadays there should be no reason why you should be suffering from poor Wi-Fi. But even though you’re spoilt for choice good, reliable Wi-Fi comes at a price. Or maybe you’d like to have all the features of a flagship model but don’t really need the range it offers. The AmpliFi Instant may be able to address this.
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Specifications
Dimensions: 3.92 x 3.85 x 1.30 inches (99.5 x 97.8 x 33.05 mm)
Weight: 7.58 oz (215 g )
MIMO: 2.4 GHz: 2×2, 5 GHz: 2×2
2.4Ghz Speed: 300 Mbps
5 GHz Speed: 867 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet (Router): 1 x LAN + 1 x WAN
Gigabit Ethernet (MeshPoint): 1 x LAN
Maximum Power Consumption: 9W
Antennas: 1 x Dual-Band Antenna
Display (Router): Capacitive Touch, Grayscale
Wi-Fi Standards: 802.11ac
Wireless Security: WPA2-PSK AES/TKIP
RRP (Router Only): $99
Price (Router + MeshPoint kit): $179
AmpliFi Instant WiFi Router by Ubiquiti Labs, Seamless Whole Home Wireless Internet Coverage, WiFi Router w/Touchscreen Display, 1 Gigabit Ethernet, 1 WAN Port, Ethernet Cable, Expandable Mesh System AmpliFi Instant WiFi Router by Ubiquiti Labs, Seamless Whole Home Wireless Internet Coverage, WiFi Router w/Touchscreen Display, 1 Gigabit Ethernet, 1 WAN Port, Ethernet Cable, Expandable Mesh System Buy Now on Amazon $99.99
Overview
Packaging has always been a strong point for AmpliFi, and the Instant is no exception. They somehow manage to make you feel special opening up box. This may not be a big deal for some, but first impressions do count, and you get the feeling that this is a premium product from the get-go.
The router and mesh point are nearly identical. The differences being the lack of a screen and WAN port on the latter. Aesthetics is a big part of AmpliFi, and they’re designed to be put on display, not hidden away in a corner cabinet. These devices are made for the table top and should fit in with any modern decor.
There’s an LED light covering the base of the unit of which the brightness and schedule can be controlled from within the app. The LCD screen on the front shows a few things like displays the time, current upload and download speed, or your existing LAN and WAN IP Address.
AmpliFi HD vs. AmpliFi Instant
We reviewed the AmpliFi HD and were besotted with it. There are some marked differences aside from the price. In terms of footprint, there’s not much of a difference apart from the height. The screen on the HD capitalizes on the height and is significantly larger as well as having more colors as well as featuring three more ethernet ports.
In terms of technology, has a more powerful antenna allowing for more throughput as well as having more capacity for Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). MIMO allows a device to communicate through multiple streams allowing you to transfer more data at the same time.
The mesh points are also different between the series. The AmpliFi HD’s mesh points plug straight into a wall socket compared to being a top a surface with the Instant. A mesh point plugged into an outlet might not be placed optimally in terms of clearance or interference from other devices.
Fortunately, you can use AmpliFi Instant along with AmpliFi HD, albeit with one caveat. You cannot extend an AmpliFi implementation with a kit, but you can extend it with standalone units. So if you already have an existing AmpliFi install, regardless if it’s a kit or not, and you need to add more coverage, be sure to purchase standalone units and not another kit.
The AmpliFi Teleport, which allows you to VPN into your home network, is also fully supported on AmpliFi Instant. So other than the antennas and size, both systems are pretty much identical and can be used to compliment each other.
Getting Set Up
AmpliFi have been touting a full set up in under two minutes. The skeptic in me wanted to validate this, so I timed it. After the unit powered on I plugged in an internet feed to the WAN port on the back. The unit told me to download the app, which I did, and I started the stopwatch. If I paid attention to my competitive side, I could have easily have set the system up within a minute.
The app guides you through everything you need to do, but the only thing you need to do is choose a Wi-Fi name and a password. If you have purchased AmpliFi as part of a kit the mesh point will even pair automatically.
From here it’s a good idea to do any firmware updates, speaking of which AmpliFi will notify you of on the display. If you have any other mesh points that you’d like to use, pair them now with the main router. Now all you have to do is place them around your house and do a few speed tests to make sure that you’ve got optimal placement.
One notable difference with the mesh points is that they now a LAN port on the back. So if you have some legacy devices that don’t have Wi-Fi, you can use this port to get them connected. The LAN port can also be used for connecting the router to the mesh point via a cable. This is called ethernet backhaul and can help if the signal between the points isn’t strong enough.
The App
If AmpliFi had created separate apps for their different devices, it would have been catastrophic. Fortunately, all the features and functionality are identical regardless of which unit you purchase. Parental controls are a strong point in the app, as you can create a group and apply a schedule which restricts internet access between certain times.
Guest networks can be created in just a few clicks. You can also set limits for how many devices are allowed on the guest network as well as how long it will be active for. You can even share the Wi-Fi name and password through the app via a text message or WhatsApp making it easy for your guests to sign in. One feature that would perfect this would be the ability to join the guest network via a QR code similar to what some of the other vendors offer.
To make sure your network is running smoothly you can do speed tests from within the performance section. The app also keeps track of your previous speed tests in case you need to contest the speeds you’re paying for from your ISP and for checking signal quality. If one of your users are having a problem, the diagnosis tab will give you a quick rundown of your network in a matter of seconds letting you get to the problem as soon as possible.
If you wanted to keep track of your network remotely, you can pair your AmpliFi account with your Google account. You’ll have full control from anywhere in the world. The app also allows controlling multiple AmpliFi systems if you had more than one network to manage.
Advanced Settings
Some settings are hidden in the app for the sake of simplicity. AmpliFi should work out of the box with minimal configuration, but there may be some settings that need tweaking for you to get the best experience.
You can do this via the traditional method of configuring a router, that is entering its IP address into the web browser. Some of the settings here include how AmpliFi connects to the internet and are necessary if your ISP requires a username and password for internet access.
You may also have your own preference for which Domain Name System (DNS) server to use. This can be configured from within the AmpliFi web portal.
New Developments
For companies to set themselves apart from the competition, they need to innovate. Here it seems AmpliFi has taken a book from their more elaborate UniFi product in terms of a Web Controller. The Web Controller is available in beta currently and does give a glimpse of what’s to come. So while it might seem sparse, it’s not the released version yet.
The Web Controller serves two functions. First, you can configure your network from a web browser. Then it allows you to plan your network for your premises with a visual designer. Just upload a layout of your house and use the tools to draw the walls and or partitions. You’re even able to select a material for the walls, to help the controller in determining the signal penetration.
Now simply drag your router and mesh points to where you’ve placed them (or plan to place them). The controller will give you a representation of how far the signal will reach. This isn’t an exact science as Wi-Fi is still susceptible to interference from other devices. However, it does give you a good estimation.
You’re able to see coverage from both 2.4 and 5Ghz networks and may help you understand how to get the most from your device placement. You can also see how devices are connected to your network as well as throughput for each of your mesh points. The controller is an exciting development from AmpliFi and will allow you to get the most of your AmpliFi deployment.
The Verdict
AmpliFi has put a lot of effort into the design of both the devices as well as the app. The units can be placed in plain sight and won’t spoil your home’s feng shui. The fully featured app gives you full control of your network. With the ever-increasing feature set coming to AmpliFi, it makes a compelling case.
At such a disruptive price point AmpliFi can be a perfect match if you have a small home or apartment. Finally, if you prefer a surface top solution compared to the wall socket mesh points the Instant is a fantastic solution. Hopefully, there will be an option to include DynamicDNS support as well as pairing kit mesh points to other systems.
Overall AmpliFi has added a fantastic product to their range. There’s no longer a reason to be plagued by miserable Wi-Fi.
Enter the Competition!
AmpliFi Instant Mesh Router Giveaway
Read the full article: AmpliFi Instant: The Best Mesh Wi-Fi on a Budget
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sheilalmartinia · 7 years ago
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How to Choose the Best Domain Registrar in 2018 (Compared)
Are you looking for the best domain registrar for your website? Domain registrars are the companies responsible for registering and managing domain names for all websites around the world. Choosing the right domain registrar is very important because there are so many ways to get tricked. In this article, we will show you how to choose the best domain registrar by comparing their pros and cons.
What is a Domain Name Registrar
A domain name registrar is a company that allows you to purchase and register domain names. All domain name registrars are accreditated by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), a non-profit organization responsible for managing domain names.
Domain names make internet easy to use for everyone. Without domain names, you’ll have to enter long strings of numbers called IP addresses to visit websites.
Domain names solve this problem by allowing websites to choose addresses using easy to remember words, for example, wpbeginner.com or google.com. To learn more, see our beginner’s guide on what is a domain name and how does it work.
To make domain names widely available, ICANN allows companies to apply for accreditation and become a domain registrar.
These companies then compete with each other to sell domain name licenses which allows you to get better service and tools when you purchase your domain name.
What Domain Registrars Really Do?
All domain name records are stored in a centralized database called registry. For a domain name to be recognized, it needs to be added into that database with all related information about it.
A domain name registrar is given permission by ICANN to make changes to your domain name’s information in the database on your behalf. A domain name registrar also provides easy to use tools to make those changes using your web browser.
That being said, let’s take a look at how to easily choose the best domain registrar for your website address.
How to Choose The Right Domain Registrar
Not all domain registrars have the license to sell all domain name extensions. For example, some domain registrars can only sell domain names with country-specific extensions (like .io, .in, or .ly).
Each domain registrar may offer different services along with the domain name registration. Some registrar may offer cheap domains at a lower price as their promotional offer while others may offer free add-ons to attract customers.
When choosing the best domain name registrar, we look at the following four criteria:
1. Pricing and Registration Period
The first thing you want to check is the domain name prices. For example, some domain registrars may offer lower prices for the first year registration, but their renewal prices can be different and significantly higher.
You can register a domain name for a minimum period of 1 year. However, some companies may require a higher registration period like 2 years minimum. You can register a domain name for up to 10 years at a time.
If you are buying a new web address, then we recommend registering your domain name for 1 year. You can turn on automatic renewal, so your domain does not expire.
You also need to check for any additional fees for domain transfers, renewal, and other charges.
2. Domain Transfers
Domain names can be moved from one domain registrar to another. Normally, you wouldn’t need to transfer your domain name right away, but if you’re unhappy with your domain registrar, then this option should be easily available.
First thing you need to keep in mind is that you cannot transfer a domain name during the first 60 days of the registration. This initial period is decided by ICANN. After that, you are allowed to move it to any other registrar that you want.
Most domain registrars make it easy to transfer domain names without any extra fee. However, some may try to make it complicated or charge an extra fee.
Make sure that you review the domain transfer policy before you buy a domain name from a registrar.
3. Domain Expiration Policies
Domain names are registered for a specific duration. You can renew your domain registration before its expiration date. However, if you forgot to renew your domain name, then it expires and anyone can register it.
For businesses, this means someone can take over their domain name. To make sure that this doesn’t happen, you can set up automatic renewals for your domain name.
Even if you use the automatic renewal feature, it is a good idea to check your domain registrars expiration policy. Some domain registrars offer a grace period even after the expiration. This grace period allows you to renew your expired domain name.
We have heard dozens of horror stories of business owners losing their domain name because their credit card expired, and their registrar did not have a grace period. This is one of the many reasons why it’s extremely important to choose the right domain name registrar.
4. Add-on Services
You may also want to review what other services are offered by your domain registrar. While you may not need these services right now, it is good to know that they have them.
These add-on services may include domain privacy, domain parking, extended expiration protection, and more. Some domain registrars may even sell WordPress hosting service, email hosting service, and more.
Things to Watch Out for When Choosing a Domain Name Registrar
Due to the competition in the domain registration business, you will come across companies with some very attractive offers. While these offers may look good, there may be some downsides that you may not notice right away.
Following are a few things to watch out for when choosing a domain name registrar.
1. Add-on Pricing
Some domain name registrars can automatically pre-check add-on services when you purchase a domain name. If you don’t uncheck those options, then this would increase your bill significantly. Typically a .com domain name should not cost you more than $14.99 / year. If it does, then it should raise a red flag.
You must pay attention to the checkout page and uncheck any add-on services that you don’t need. On top of that, it’s always a good idea to double-check the total amount you are charged in your credit card statements.
2. Bad User Experience
Most domain registrars try to make their website easy to use, so they can keep you as a customer. However, some domain registrars do the exact opposite.
This would make it difficult for you to change your domain name settings. You will need to do that if you wanted to transfer domain to a new host, or a new domain registrar.
The easiest way to look for this is by searching for domain registrar’s online reviews. Keep in mind, that very few happy customers leave online reviews, so it’s important to read the reviews thoroughly.
3. Hidden Fees
You may also need to look for the hidden costs and fees when choosing a domain registrar.
Some domain registrars may have special offers for cheaper domains for first-time registrations. Most beginners don’t realize it, but the renewal cost of the domain are often quite different and even higher.
All good domain registrars make it easy to transfer your domain name to a different company. However, some will put an additional fee.
That being said, let’s take a look at some of the best domain name registrars, and how they compare against each other.
1. GoDaddy
GoDaddy is the world’s most popular domain registration company, and the biggest domain registrar in the world. They manage more than 76 million domain names for over 17.5 million customers.
They offer a wide variety of popular domain name extensions to choose from. Their prices are highly competitive, and you may even get a significant discount on the first year of your domain’s registration.
GoDaddy has a powerful easy to use domain management interface which allows you to transfer your domain name or change its settings.
If you only need to register a domain name without web hosting, then we highly recommend GoDaddy. However if you’re looking to start a blog or website, then option #2 might be better for you.
2. Bluehost
Bluehost is one of the largest hosting companies in the world, and they are an official WordPress hosting partner. As part of their web hosting service, they also offer domain name registration.
Bluehost is offering WPBeginner users a free domain name, SSL certificate, and a discount on web hosting which is a perfect deal for anyone looking to make a website.
Basically, you can get started for $2.75 per month, and get a free domain name.
→ Click Here to Claim This Exclusive Bluehost Offer ←
3. HostGator
HostGator is another popular company offering website owners a one-stop shop for domain names and shared website hosting. They offer a nice selection of extensions, domain privacy, and easy to use DNS management tools.
They have an easy to use domain search tool that helps you quickly find a suitable domain name for your business. Their domain management area is beginner friendly and well documented which makes it easy to transfer domains if you need to.
3. Namecheap
Namecheap is another top domain registrar on the market. They have a powerful domain search tool that helps you find the right domain name and makes suggestions when your preferred domain name is not available.
They also offer domain add-on services like domain privacy and premium DNS. Their domain management area is clean, but it’s not as user-friendly as GoDaddy’s new interface.
One nice thing about NameCheap is that they offer free domain privacy with all their domain names.
We used to use NameCheap but ended up transferring our main domains to GoDaddy and other providers because we simply had too many issues logging into their domain management panel.
4. Domain.com
Domain.com is another reliable domain name registrar offering all popular domain name extensions since 2000. They have a quick domain search tool that you can use for your domain name research.
They also offer private registration (domain privacy), bulk registration, easy transfers, and easy-to-use domain management tools. If you have any questions, then you can seek help via live chat or email.
Bonus:
5. BuyDomains
BuyDomains allow you to search for premium domain names matching your search terms. Premium domain names are domain names that are already registered but are available for sale from third-party. These domains are often more memorable, shorter, and brandable which is why they are more expensive.
If you cannot find a suitable domain name, and you have the budget, then you can use BuyDomains to search for a premium domain name.
We hope this article helped you learn how to choose the best domain registrar for your business. You may also want to see our guide on how to get a free business email address for your website.
If you liked this article, then please subscribe to our YouTube Channel for WordPress video tutorials. You can also find us on Twitter and Facebook.
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from WPBeginner https://www.wpbeginner.com/beginners-guide/how-to-choose-the-best-domain-registrar/
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neptunecreek · 7 years ago
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Privacy as an Afterthought: ICANN's Response to the GDPR
Almost three years ago, the global domain name authority ICANN chartered a working group to consider how to build a replacement for the WHOIS database, a publicly-accessible record of registered domain names. Because it includes the personal information of millions of domain name registrants with no built-in protections for their privacy, the legacy WHOIS system exposes registrants to the risk that their information will be misused by spammers, identity thieves, doxxers, and censors.
But at the same time, the public availability of the information contained in the WHOIS database has become taken for granted, not only by its regular users, but by a secondary industry that repackages and sells access to its data, providing services like bulk searches and reverse lookups for clients as diverse as marketers, anti-abuse experts, trademark attorneys, and law enforcement authorities.
The working group tasked with replacing this outdated system, formally known as the Next Generation gTLD RDS to Replace WHOIS PDP Working Group did not get far. Despite holding 90 minute weekly working meetings for more than two years, deep divisions within the group have resulted in glacial progress, even as the urgency of its work has increased. A key privacy advocate within that Working Group, EFF Pioneer Award winner Stephanie Perrin, ended up resigning from the group in frustration this March, saying "I believe this process is fundamentally flawed and does not reflect well on the multi-stakeholder model."
With the impending commencement of Europe's General Data Protection Regulation or GDPR on May 25, which will make the continued operation of the existing WHOIS system illegal under European law, ICANN's board has been forced to step in. On April 3, members of the Working Group were informed that it had been "decided to suspend WG meetings until further notice while we await guidance from the Board regarding how this WG will be affected by the GDPR compliance efforts."
ICANN Board Cookbook
With this, the Board has floated its own interim solution aimed at bringing the legacy WHOIS system into compliance with the GDPR. The ingredients of this so-called "Cookbook" proposal [PDF] are drawn from responses to a call for public submissions, to which EFF contributed [PDF]. In short, it would make the following changes to the WHOIS regime:
Although full contact information of domain name registrants will still be collected, most of this information will become hidden from public view, unless the registrant affirmatively "opts in" to displaying that information publicly. A tiered access model will be put in place to ensure that only parties who have a "legitimate interest" in obtaining access to a registrant's address, phone number, or email address, will be able to do so.
Although email addresses will not be displayed in the public WHOIS data record, they will be replaced by a contact form or anonymized email address, which would still allow members of the public to make contact with a domain owner if they need to. (This idea is one of those that EFF had suggested in our submission, with the additional suggestion that the contact form be protected by a CAPTCHA to minimize the potential for misuse.)
No differentiation is attempted to be made between domains registered to individuals, and those registered to companies. This makes sense, because many company domain records do include personal contact information for individuals who act as the administrative or technical contacts for the domain. In practical terms, it would be impossible to weed out the entries that do contain such personal information from those that don't.
The board proposal is an improvement on the status quo, but doesn't go as far in protecting privacy as we would like it to. For example, it leaves it up to individual registrars as to whether they should apply these privacy protections to all domain owners worldwide, or attempt to limit them to those within the European Economic Area. It also contains a too expansive suggested list of acceptable purposes for the collection and processing of WHOIS personal data, including "to address issues involving domain name registrations, including but not limited to: consumer protection, investigation of cybercrime, DNS abuse, and intellectual property protection." 
The ICANN board's Cookbook proposal was submitted to the European Data Protection Authorities, who come together in a group called the Article 29 Working Party, for consideration at its next meeting which took place on April 10-11. The board had hoped to receive [PDF] the group's agreement to a moratorium of enforcement of the GDPR over WHOIS until ICANN is able to get its act together and establish its interim accreditation program. But the Working Party's reply of April 11 [PDF] offers no such moratorium, and instead affirms that the purposes for data collection listed by the board are too broad and will require further work if they are to comply with the GDPR.
Another fundamental limitation of the Cookbook proposal is that while it sets up the idea that there should be an accreditation program for "legitimate" users, it leaves unanswered key questions about how that accreditation program should operate in practice, and in particular how it would assess the legitimacy of claimants seeking access to user data. Since there is not enough time to develop an accreditation system before May 25, the board floats the option of an interim self-accreditation process, which somewhat undermines the purposes of limiting access. The other option is that, by default, access to WHOIS data would "go dark" for all users, until a suitable accreditation system was in place.
Business and IP Constituencies Accreditation and Access Model
This prospect has disturbed stakeholders accustomed to receiving free access to registrant data; one goes so far as to describe the Cookbook proposal as "the most serious threat to the open and public Internet for decades." ICANN's Business and Intellectual Property constituencies have responded by proposing an accreditation and access model [PDF] aimed at keeping the WHOIS door open for three loosely-defined categories of actors: cybersecurity and opsec investigators, intellectual property rights holders and their agents, and law enforcement and other government agencies. It attempts to fill in the gaps of the Board's proposal by suggesting how these users might be accredited.
The biggest problem with the Business and IP constituencies' proposal is that the bar for accreditation to access full registrant data would be set so low that it would become essentially meaningless, while still managing to exclude the wider public and keep them in the dark about who might be viewing their personal data. For example, it would allow anyone who has registered a trademark to enjoy carte blanche access to the entire WHOIS database. In a token effort to prevent misuse of WHOIS access there would be random audits, but penalties for misuse might be limited to de-accreditation.
The proposal would structurally elevate the financial interests of intellectual property owners above the privacy and access rights of ordinary users. While the GDPR does allow data sharing that is necessary for the purposes of legitimate interests of third parties, these interests must be balanced with and can be overridden by the interests, rights or freedoms of the domain name registrant. This proposed accreditation and access model doesn't even attempt to strike such a balance.
Although EFF would have preferred a model requiring a court order or warrant for access to such personal information, it seems inevitable that tiered access will be based on some kind of ICANN-administered accreditation system. Community discussions on what that accreditation program should look like continue on a new ICANN discussion list, using the Business and IP constituencies' proposal as a starting point. But this is work that should have been finished long ago. The commencement date of the GDPR has been known since the rule was adopted on April 27, 2016. Although its edges will be difficult for ICANN to navigate, its basic outlines are not rocket science; it has been obvious for over two years that more would need to be done to secure the personal information of domain name registrants.
Unfortunately, ICANN's version of a multi-stakeholder process has broken down over this contentious issue of registrant data privacy. It therefore falls to ICANN's board to make the interim changes necessary to ensure that the WHOIS system is brought into compliance with European Union law. While this interim model may be replaced by a community-based access model in the future, institutional inertia is likely to see to it that the Board's "interim" policy constrains the outlines of that future model. This makes it all the more important that the ICANN Board listens to all segments of its community, and to the advice of the Article 29 Working Party, in order to ensure that the solutions developed strike an appropriate balance between stakeholders' competing interests, and that the human rights of users are put first.
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