#testudo remains

[pleistocene-pride]

Happy Ice Age Week! Megalochelys is a now extinct genus of giant tortoise which lived throughout what is now Eurasia and Oceania from the Miocene to Pleistocene around 7.2 million to 120,000 years ago. The genus Megalochelys was first named in 1837 by Hugh Falconer and Proby Cautley based on remains found in the Sivalik Hills of northern India which they dubbed species Megalochelys sivalensis, meaning great turtle. However, later in 1844, Falconer and Cautley decided to rename the species Colossochelys atlas as they considered the original name "not to convey a sufficiently expressive idea of the size". During the late 19th century and much of the 20th century, Megalochelys/Colossochelys was considered synonymous with Testudo, and later Geochelone. Colossochelys is now regarded as a junior synonym of Megalochelys, and 4 species are considered valid: Megalochelys atlas, Megalochelys cautleyi, Megalochelys margae, & Megalochelys sondaari. With a possible additional 3 species yet to be formally named. And some authors have argued for the validity of Megalochelys sivalensis. The size of Megalochelys varied considerably between species with the shells of M. sondaari reaching 2.4 to 3ft (70 to 90cms) across, whilst those of the largest species M. atlas got upwards of 6.7ft (2m) across. Meaning that the largest Megalochelys could have gotten up to 9ft (2.7m) long, 6.5ft (2m) tall, and 4,400lbs (2,000kgs) in weight. The shell of Megalochelys is prominently domed, comparatively thin, and is proportionally wide, with large openings for the limbs. The skull had a deep nasal region and short snout. The epiplastron was forked and robust, suggesting they used them in combat similar to there closest extant relative the African spurred tortoise. In life megalochelys would have inhabited jungles, dry forests, grasslands, and scrublands where it fed upon grasses, sedges, fruits, leaves, and carrion.

Art used can be found at the links below

[quillpokebiology]

Blastoise Facts

-The scientific name for Blastoise is "Kanónas testudo" which means "Canon turtle"

-Blaistoise, Lapras, and Drednaw share a common ancestor, with the ancestor being Tirtuga/Caracosta

-The classification as "The shellfish pokemon" doesn't refer to its species; more of the fact thatvits aquatic and has a shell. They are definitely not mollusks

-The entire Blastoise line is cold-blooded and can't make their own body heat, instead relying on external temperatures. The heat speeds up their metabolism

-Blastoise are a lot slower than their pre evolutions because of their large shell and weight

-There are 2 main variants of Blastoise. The first one is the freshwater variants that live in lakes and rivers, and the second one is the salt water variants that live in the ocean

-Salt water Blaistoise can hold their breath the second longest out of the turtlemon, being able to hold their breath for 5-6 hours. They're beaten by Caracosta, who can hold their breath for 10 hours

-Blastoise parents will let their kids and other pokemon ride on their backs for support

-Not many people know this, but if they have enough water, Blastoise are able to propell themsels through the air

-One in every 100 Blastoise remain their fluffy tails. This was seen as a sign of good luck (headcanon from @slug-kaiju )

-The entire line have cloacas

-Blaistoise are piscivores, which means they primarily eat fish. Favorite of theirs is Magikarp, Goldeen, Finneon, and Remoraid

-Just like their bones, Blaistoise'a shell is part of their Skeleton

-Unlike a lot of other turtlemon, Blastoise stay and care for their young

-Blastoise are very caring Pokemon and have been known to care for young Pokemon that aren't their's

-Blastoise are watchful. They don't like humans in their territory, but they won't attack them unless provoked

-A group of Blastoise ans Wartortle is called a wave

-Blastoise that live in colder climates will go into hibernation when winter comes

[battlingblades24532]

The Gladius Sword: A Roman Icon

In the annals of history, few weapons have left as indelible a mark as the Gladius sword. The iconic weapon, synonymous with Roman warfare, played a pivotal role in shaping the destiny of the Roman Empire. With its distinctive design and storied history, the Gladius swordﾠstands as a testament to Roman ingenuity and martial prowess.

Origins of the Gladius

The Gladius sword, known for its short, straight blade, can trace its origins back to the 3rd century BC. Its design was influenced by the weapons used by the Iberians, a group of people in the Iberian Peninsula. The Romans, who were known for their adaptability, saw the potential of this weapon and incorporated it into their arsenal.

Design and Characteristics

One of the defining features of the Gladius is its short length, typically around 18 to 24 inches. The compact design allowed Roman soldiers to engage in close combat with ease. The blade was double-edged, making it effective for thrusting and slashing. The hilt often had a distinctive guard to protect the hand, and the pommel was designed for balance and grip.

Versatility in Battle

The Gladius was not just a weapon but an extension of the Roman soldier. Its short length and balanced design made it perfect for close-quarters combat. Roman soldiers, known as legionaries, relied on the Gladius when fighting in the famous Roman formation, the "Testudo" or tortoise formation. The formation allowed them to advance under a protective shield wall while thrusting their Gladii at the enemy.

Conquests and Triumphs

The Gladius played a pivotal role in the expansion of the Roman Empire. From the conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar to the campaigns of Trajan in Dacia, the Gladius was a constant companion of Roman legionaries. Its effectiveness in battle was a key factor in the Roman military's success.

Symbolism and Legacy

Beyond its practicality in battle, the Gladius held great symbolic value in Roman culture. It represented the discipline and martial spirit of the Roman legions. It was also a symbol of Roman citizenship, as only Roman citizens were allowed to carry it.

The legacy of the Gladius extends far beyond the Roman Empire's fall. Its design has influenced many later sword types, and its name even gave rise to the modern term "gladiator." The Gladius continues to capture the imagination of historians, sword enthusiasts, and filmmakers, making appearances in countless movies and TV shows set in ancient Rome.

The Gladius sword remains a true icon of Roman military might and ingenuity. Its design, versatility in battle, and cultural significance all contribute to its enduring legacy. As a symbol of the Roman Empire, the Gladius serves as a reminder of an era when this formidable weapon helped shape the course of history. In the hands of Roman legionaries, the Gladius was not just a sword; it was a symbol of Roman power and the indomitable spirit of its warriors.

Battling Blades is a family-owned business that crafts high-quality swords, axes, machetes, and knives. Their products use top-grade materials like metals, bone, wood, and leather, reflecting their commitment to exceptional craftsmanship. The company prides itself on the quality of its work and on delivering excellent customer service, ensuring a satisfactory customer experience.

[gorgonheart]

Before the pandemic, studying at the lab, thinking about my future projects, my dissertation, my PhD.... 

I miss the lab so much.

[the-historians-guide]

The Roman Baths of Amathus, Cyprus

Featured here is the small Roman bath complex at the ancient city of Amathus, Cyprus, located adjacent to what was once the city's central public market square (or agora). Built in the 2nd century AD during a period of public improvements commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian, the structure contains the essential components of a typical Roman bath, built by the Romans throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. It forms a square structure with cold rooms on the east and hot/warm ones on the west, heated by an underfloor-hypocaust system.

A hypocaust is a central heating system that produces and circulates hot air below a room's floor and through pipes and wall cavities, similar to a steam or forced air system today. Supplied by a wood-fired furnace (prafurniae), the hypocaust circulated hot air from the furnace through spaces beneath raised floors (suspensurae) and in the walls throughout a building. The hypocaust benefited from stacked pillars of terracotta brick tiles (pilae) supporting the floors, which absorbed and helped retain the heat. A defining characteristic, these tiles are often among the most visible features of ruined Roman baths wherever they are located (and certainly every one that I have seen). Hot water was also directly supplied to the hot baths by lead boilers fitted over the furnace and circulated to/from bathing pools by a series of metal pipes (testudo alvei), which heated the water by convection. At Amathus, these elements are believed to have been made of bronze.

The Roman Baths at Amathus featured the following spaces (the rooms are keyed on a couple of the photos). Its small size helps to visualize what it once looked like and how it operated.

A = Apodyterium - One entered this room through the building's main entrance in its north exterior wall. It served as a dressing room and was furnished with benches. A wide opening flanked by pilasters and a single downward step connected this space to the building's second room, the Frigidarium.

F = Frigidarium - This space contains a well and what had been two cold, plunge-type pools separated by a drain, set against the south wall. Visitors would enjoy these cool water pools, before moving on to warmer baths in the other rooms.Intact traces of wall plaster indicate that both the Apodyterium and Frigidarium were painted red and featured a number of decoratively painted figured panels.

T = Sudatorium - To the west of the Frigidarium, a doorway leads to what was a small vaulted room, which has an intact floor and features double-width walls faced with limestone and marble veneer. The gap between the double walls and the area below the floor would have been indirectly heated by the hypocaust, which circulated hot air from the furnace through the floor of the adjacent room, then into this one. Archaeologists believe this room might have served as a place for light sweating (a Sudatorium) and as a transition between the cooler Frigidarium (to the east) and the hotter Caldarium (to the north).

C = Caldarium - The hottest of the baths, the Caldarium had a marble floor and featured a hot water immersion pool (alveus) at its north wall. Hot water for the pool is believed to have been supplied by a testudo alvei (the bronze heating apparatus described above), which extended from the furnace in the room to the north. A hole in the room's mostly intact floor reveals the stacks of square tiles that form the hypocaust. The niche on the east side might have contained a basin (labrum) where one could wash or sprinkle oneself with water.

S = The room north of the Caldarium was a service area, occupied by the furnace. Separate from the other rooms, it appears to have had its own exterior entrance from the street. Here, visible at floor level are the remains of the furnace, where a fire would have been built, forcing super heated air into a channel leading to the hypocaust. Hundreds of brick tile fragments litter the area. The testudo alvei would have also been in this room, located atop the furnace. Evidence suggests it comprised a double system of pipes and was supplied with water from the large reservoir located farther west in the agora.

Among the ruins, a notable feature are the many handmade bricks of the hypocaust. Looking closely, most possess a distinct 'makers mark' = two fingers dragged across the clay to form a large "X". My fingers fit perfectly when I traced the pattern...a tangible connection to those that built this complex in antiquity, some 2,000 years ago.

[kingedwardvi]

Calendar of State Papers Foreign: Edward VI 1547-1553

1549.

May 29. Antwerp. Same to same. Lazarus Tucker has had letters from Bruno to the effect that the Lord Protector and Council would bargain with him for money to be had at Frankfort, and to repay the same with tin, lead, and bell metal here. 

Tucker is willing to lend his Majesty 22,500l. or thereabouts at 12 per cent. Desires to know as to the money due in September. If tin can be had for 50 shillings, it might not be amiss to send some, as it sells for 52 here. The price for kerseys cannot be stated, as people will not purchase unless they see them, the qualities varying. [Two pages.]

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[May 30 or 31.] [Greenwich.]  [Sir Thomas Smith] to William Dansell. His Grace had asked why, if Dansell could supply goods cheaper than Cooke, had he not offered to do so before ? His Grace was scarcely pleased at the evil handling of the bullion by him and Thomas Gresham, so that the rumour of the great price was current before his Grace knew what was done. 

Urges careful management for his Majesty's interest, so that it may seem he is merely a factor lending. Knows that his credit is better than that of any other, and dares say his practice and acquaintance is as good as that of any other, so that Smith can make no excuse for him when objections are made. [One page Draft.]

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[May?] (De Thou. i. 199.) Last page of some foreign intelligence, sine nota. Ludovico L'Armi moreover writes that the Siennese will not receive within their walls 500 Spanish infantry sent for their protection. Didacus de Mendoza, formerly the Emperor's Ambassador at Venice, has set out for Rome to exercise his functions as envoy. 

He will stay some days in Sienna in order to settle affairs there by the Emperor's authority. The Emperor is endeavouring to send 5,000 foot from Spain to Italy, either designing or fearing war, or deeming Germany not yet sufficiently subdued. [Latin. Quarter of a page.]

--- [May?] [Denmark.] Sir John Borthwick to Sir Thomas Smith. Sends him a book called Saxo Grammaticus, who, considering his time, precels all his contemporaneans and conteraneans in Latin tongue; and because he mentions England and Denmark as two prosperous realms, and has their origin, he had intended to have presented to the Lord Protector for his Majesty. 

Seeing the time requires greater matters, he will not perturb his Grace, but if Smith thinks it worthy to be presented to his Lord's grace, desires him heartily to present the same.

"For I have one quotidian fever which is clepit in French tongue faut d'argent, and remains in my living as testudo in concha, in prayers calling to our Master Christ, Da nobis, Domine, infunde nobis, Domine. But it is known that Christ is verity and was ever poor, and so shall sui sequaces be poor. Now I am come to presta quæsumus, and more in his danger nor ever I was; an my good Lord's grace supply me not, my sickness will encrease and come to the critical day." [One page.]

---

[May?] [Denmark.] Same to same. Has inquired at James Stewart's servant when his master was with Bertiewile [Berteville], but can learn nothing except that they dined together at Mr. Comptroller's table one Sunday. Knows nothing of his life since he came into England, but no man knows better what he is than his kinsman the Earl of Lennox. 

Must inform him that the King of Denmark's pursuivant has received one letter to the King his sovereign, but he laments and says he has brought letters twice to his Majesty and received nothing to help his expenses. 

Has given him to understand that neither the Lord Protector nor Smith knows thereof. Has inquired as to the two brothers Robert and Alexander Lockhart; they are honest gentlemen, and, as he believes, irreprehensible. His informant was the King's servant. [One page.]

---

June 2. Instructions for Sir William Paget sent to the Emperor Charles V. With reference to continued amity, the marriage of the Lady Mary with the Infanta of Portugal, the proceedings with France, the Scottish war, &c. [Twelve pages. Draft.]

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June 3. Greenwich. The Council to William Dansell. In reply to his letter of 29th May, touching the offer of Lazarus Tucker for money to be delivered at Frankfort, their meaning was not to pay him interest for the same, but to give him bell-metal or lead for it, if he would send word at what price he would take it. 

If he will not advance except upon interest, they are not minded so to bargain with him. Censure him at considerable length in reference to the bullion transaction, there seeming to be discrepancies between his statement and that of Gresham. Again press, that in his negotiations for silver he will endeavour to get it in exchange for lead or bell-metal. [Two pages.]

-- June 3. Antwerp. William Dansell to Sir Thomas Smith. Had on the 29th ult. communicated the offer of Lazarus Tucker, who will not deliver the money except here, or be repaid but in this town, and in ready money only, refusing all kinds of merchandise, as lead, tin, or such like. Desires to have a full answer thereon. Has this instant received a letter from his Grace, and another from Smith containing a cipher. 

His letter of the 2d of May relating to the bullion was delivered to his Grace on the 6th, and he learns that it is in the hands of Mr. Honyngs. To that letter, of which he had forwarded to him a copy, he refers for vindication of himself. Desires to know his Grace's pleasure as to the payment of Cooke for the saltpetre and harquebuses, which will amount to about 1,700l., whether by exchange or otherwise; also what order is to be taken for payment of the money due in September. 

Hears that two Cardinals are coming hither from Rome to the Emperor, and that two or three have gone, or will shortly go, to Rome from the French King. [Two pages.]

---

June 3. Antwerp. Same to the Lord Protector. Acknowledges his Grace's letter as to payment of Cooke for the saltpetre and harquebuses, and begs to be informed in what mode payment is to be made. 

He has lately received for the King's use by order of his Grace and the Council of the account of Sharrington 1,050l., and will receive more between this and August.

Of this he has already made payments to Guevara, Schetz, &c., so that he has not above 200l. remaining; wherefore the more reason to know as to the payment of Cooke, and of the money due in September. [One page.]

--- June 11. Richmond. The Council to William Dansell. The greater part of his letter of the 3d has been answered in letters presumed by this time to have been received. If Lazarus Tucker will not let the King have money except upon interest, leave it alone. 

If he can repay the money due in September with the commodities of England, so that the King may save the interest, he will do right good service; but if he cannot, let him endeavour to prevail that the amount may remain for another year at the same interest. 

Should they refuse, let him borrow the amount required at as low a rate as he can against the time, that he may be able to repay the same to save his Majesty's credit. 

Cooke is content to receive his money in London, so that need not be cared for. Are surprised that he should now offer to supply at a lower price than Cooke; ought to have seen to this in the first instance; beg him henceforward to espy where the King can be best and most cheaply served, as he knows his Majesty has need. [One page. Draft.]

--- June 13. Strasburg. Christopher Mount to the Lord Protector. Since he wrote on the 16th of May has been informed by letters from Wittenberg, that, at a meeting of his own and his brother Augustus' subjects, Duke Maurice harangued the preachers, urging them to increased zeal in religion. 

His opinion of Maurice. Great anxiety in these parts as to the Emperor's movements. The Council of Mentz is ended, but its decisions are not yet published. Recently heard that the French King was pressing Count Christopher of Oldenburg for the transmission thither of 10,000 foot in defence of Scotland, on account of the facilities afforded by the Weser. 

The Count is a brave and veteran soldier, much hated by the Emperor, because in the war he led 20 companies of foot and 1,000 horse on the Protestant side. Does not think he would forfeit his reputation by any act against England; nevertheless, as that class of men are for the most part mercenary and greedy, he will, should the Protector wish it, visit the Count, accompanied by Bernard de Mela, who is the Count's most intimate friend, and do his utmost to dissuade him from such a step. 

The general opinion is that a league will be effected between the Swiss and the French, but the people of Zurich and Berne will not consent unless those who profess the same religion with them are protected against persecution. 

The French King will doubtless promise everything, but will perform according to the Pope's pleasure and discretion. The aforesaid people of Zurich and Berne openly declare that they will not fight against the English. Many Spaniards go to Italy through Switzerland, discharged, as they say, by the Emperor for eight months. [Two pages. Latin.]

--- June 15. Antwerp. William Dansell to Sir Thomas Smith. Having received no answer to his letters touching the offer by Lazarus Tucker and the payment of the money in September, is desirous of knowing the Lord Protector's pleasure thereon, especially as the time draweth on. The troops raised by Captain Hugford [Hackford] and Guevara have four days since been arrested at Bruges by command of the Emperor and the Queen. 

Those of Hugford are released, or shortly will be; but doubts as to those of Guevara, the matter being taken very grievously, because as he is informed, Guevara, who is presently in prison at Bruges, had allured some of the Emperor's retinue here, as well as five or six of the guard of the Duke of Saxony and other such, without licence, whereat the Emperor and Queen are much offended. 

Mr. Hoby has probably already advised more fully of this matter. Desires to know the Lord Protector's pleasure whether he shall forthwith call upon Guevara's securities for the 800 crowns advanced to him, or wait to see how they intend to proceed with him. [Two pages.]

--- June 23. Brussels. Sir William Paget to the Lord Protector. Acknowledges the letters from his Grace and the Council, and, as instructed, will set forth that the French King reserves the greatest part of his forces at home in expectation of the Emperor's death, and will attend to the matter of the Count Rangone. [One page.]

--- June 24. Brussels. Same to Sir William Petre, and in his absence to Sir Thomas Smith, the King's Majesty's two principal Secretaries. Requests minute and explicit directions on several points of the instructions given to him in regard of the confirmation of treaties with the States. Desires to have "a quick despatch for these folks here; as they use no delays, so they look for speedy answers." [Two pages.] Copy of the preceding in modern hand.

--- June 24. Brussels. Same and Sir Philip Hoby to the Lord Protector. The Comptroller (Paget) arrived on Wednesday the 19th. His agree able reception by the officers of state. Had with Hoby audience of the Emperor on Saturday the 22d, being escorted to Court by Mons. de Bossut, le Grand Ecuyer, with a large retinue. Details their conference with the Emperor, and that of the following day with Granvelle, at both of which many professions of continued amity; and gives very ample particulars of the conversation between Granvelle and Paget as to the suggested marriage between the Princess Mary and the Infanta of Portugal. Had also been with the Queen of Hungary and been equally well received. [Sixteen pages. Autograph of Paget.]

--- June 30. Brussels. Same to the Lord Protector. Desires to know his Grace's pleasure as to his manner of proceeding in his mission to the Emperor, which is divisible into two branches; the first to have the former treaty confirmed, the second to engage him with them in war with France. 

If the Emperor agrees to the former, his friendship may be relied upon; and if he will accept Boulogne into defence, as offered on terms of reasonable reciprocity, then, considering its present doubtful position in regard to an attack, and as he is apparently determined to fall out with the French in regard of his own affairs, he is sure to do so though England should not move therein. 

According to his conduct his Grace will know how to act. It is enough if he agrees to defend Boulogne; there will be no need for moving a mutual invasion; but if he will not except upon condition of mutual invasion, rather consent than let slip the anchor hold. Desires to know his Grace's pleasure as to the matter of the marriage, since he notes "that hitherto they have given us leave to make all overtures in all points, and they only give never." 

As the Emperor is advancing now in age and desires to ride easily, suggests that his Grace should, by the Lord Cobham, present him on his coming to Gravelines with six hackneys of mean stature going safely, four in the King's name and four in that of his Grace, which will be very kindly taken. "Sometimes such trifles stir more occasions of friendships than greater matters or practices do." [Three pages. Partly cipher, deciphered.]

---

June 30. Brussels. Sir William Paget and Sir Philip Hoby to the Lord Protector. Give an account of their conference on the 26th with Mons. d'Arras and S. Maurice and Viglius, the two Presidents of the Council, when they partly considered the former treaty and had animated discussion on several of the Articles, particularly in relation to the jurisdiction of the Privy Council and the Admiralty, and the ratification of treaties by Parliaments. [Seven pages and a half.] Copy of the preceding in modern hand. [Seven pages.] Another copy in the same hand. [Six pages.]

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July 1. Louvain. "The tryumphante and joyffoull income given and granted unto the Dukedome off Brabandt by the Lordes off the lande and confyrmed by thempereur Charles the ffyfthe, and by hys sonne Philippe Kynge off Spayne solempnellye sworne." A translation of the deed of formal recognition by the States of Philip as their future sovereign. [Fifty-two pages.]

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July 4. Richmond. The Council to Sir William Paget. Had received his letters of the 24th and 30th ult. Commend him for having laid a good foundation and well entered the matter with the Emperor and his Council. Touching a joint invasion, they had only yesterday heard from France of the appointment of the Commissioners on the boundary question, and as although for all the fine words used, they think nothing will come out of it, they think he should forbear to move in the matter; but if the Emperor's Council should speak therein let him give ear thereto, and talk by such means and after such sort as he shall think best to feel and suck out their disposition. 

For sundry causes also he will forbear pressing the comprehension of Boulogne. Could wish the covenant as to joint invasion reduced from 8,000 to 500 (sic) men. As the treaty on the King's part must be ratified by Parliament, which cannot be assembled before All Hallowtide at soonest, let him agree to Candlemas as the time for mutual confirmation of the treaties. 

In the matter of the marriage, he must regulate his offers by those made on the part of the Infanta of Portugal, but in no way to exceed 100,000 crowns; if they speak no more of it, let him pass it likewise over in silence. Instruct him closely to fish out their views in regard to a bargain of Boulogne. 

The late stirs in Essex, Kent, Hampshire, and Devonshire have been renewed, but are nearly suppressed; as the French are accustomed slanderously to divulge and spread these small tumults, think it right he should know the facts. 

During the absence of their ships and many of the men appointed to attend on Mr. Cotton on another exploit, the island of Inchkeith which he had captured has been retaken by the Scots, with all the ordnance planted thereon. Think good to signify this also to him, because the French will (after their accustomed manner) blow much abroad. [Twelve pages. Draft.] ---

July 5. Louvain.  "Coppie of the othe made by the Emperour Charles and King Philip at the investing and accepting of him in the Low Countries, contayned in the booke of theyr privileges, intituled Den Blyen incompst, which is to saye, The Joyfull Entrie, cap. 58."

---

July 8. Brussels. Sir William Paget to Sir William Petre. Received his letter by Francisco last night. Is like to have here but a cold journey, for although he has sent five times for a reply to the late conferences, he is put off with fair words, and the Emperor has gone to Louvain, whence he will return to-morrow, proceeding in a day or two to Ghent. 

Thinks to return shortly for any great matter he has to do here, but such as is likely to be soon concluded, namely the confirmation of the treaty, the other points of his instructions being defalked. Regrets being restrained from proceeding farther in the matter of Boulogne. Is much distressed by the rumour of things at home, which he hears in every man's mouth, and to which he knows not what to say, because he knows them to be true, and they are much better known here, he fears, than they are at the Court, "and that not by Frenchmen, but by these countrymen and our own good nation." 

Wishes to know whether he shall speak farther of Boulogne, and whether he shall, "on the conclusion of the confirmation return home if they speak nothing more, or else remain here still like a cipher in algorism." Requests a reply by the bearer his servant, or else by Fletcher, whom he has desired to return to him within two or three days. 

As to the appointment of judges for determining marine causes, he will follow the instructions already received, unless directed to the contrary in the next letter. Requests the Chancellor of the Duchy to be good to his servant Palmer, ranger of the chase for the maintenance of the King's game within his charge under that department. [Two pages.]

--- July 10. Copenhagen. Christian King of Denmark to King Edward VI. The complaints of his subjects, in regard to the treatment which they experience from the English, increase daily more and more. Regrets to find that both by letter and legation he has brought these before his Majesty in vain. Incloses the representation of some of his subjects, and requests that satisfaction may be given and orders issued by proclamation or otherwise, to prevent similar outrages. The Scots have also been warned. Points out the consequences should such piratical acts be persisted in. [Latin. Two pages and a half.]

--- July 12. Aloste. Sir William Paget and Sir Philip Hoby to the Lord Protector. Fifteen days having elapsed since their last conference with D'Arras, Paget sent last night to Granvelle intimating his intended departure, and desiring to know if he could be of any service to him in England. 

Granvelle being confined to bed, tormented with pains in his legs, requested him to visit him at eight o'clock this morning, at which interview he sought to explain the delay by the Emperor's having been much letted by matters of importance in settling his son in those countries, disclaiming all unkindness or indifference towards the King of England, and stating that the Emperor wished Paget to meet him at Ghent, whither he would be on Sunday night at farthest. 

Details at much length their conversation, in the course of which Granvelle emphatically assured him of the Emperor's regard for his Majesty, of the warning which he had given to the French, and sundry times recommended England to look to their affairs this year, and thereafter to doubt not to have assistance of friends. His talk was marvellously frank, but words cannot please except some deeds follow. The rumours of doings in England are more and more. [Nine pages.]Copies of the preceding and of the letters to the Protector of 24th and 30th June. [Twelve pages.]

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July 12. Lubeck.188. The Deputies of the Hanse Towns and Magistrates of Lubeck to King Edward VI. Acknowledge his Majesty's letter relative to complaints made by some of his subjects against those of Dantzic, to the Council of which city they had referred the whole subject. Joint commissioners will be sent to inquire into the matters. [Latin. Broadside on vellum.]

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July 16. Copenhagen. Christian King of Denmark to King Edward VI. Acknowledges his Majesty's letter of the 6th instant, wherein, professing amity, he complains that the Danish merchants supply his enemies with warlike subsidies. Refers to the treatment of his own subjects, who can obtain no redress: their charges are all duly and distinctly specified, those of the English are vague and indefinite. He has always maintained and desires to observe a strict neutrality, his merchants dealing alike with the Scots and the English. 

It is unreasonable to require that they should have no commercial dealings with the Scots, as the Scots might with equal propriety demand of them to have no dealings with the English. His Majesty refers to the difficulty of restraining the passions of soldiers in time of war; trusts that military discipline is not so relaxed in England, but if it is, his Majesty may consider how much more difficult it is to restrain those of the Danish subjects, who can get no legitimate compensation for the atrocities committed. 

Requires that preventive measures shall be adopted. The complaint of the English merchants as to impositions is unfounded: each country has a right to levy its own dues; but while his subjects are charged three or four times more, those of Denmark cannot be found fault with. [Latin. Six pages and a quarter.] Duplicate of the preceding. [Seven pages.]

--- Aug. 15. Strasburg. Christopher Mount to same. On the 16th of May had notified to his Grace that he had been shown a letter addressed to one in the French interest, wherein the possibility of peace between the French and the English was mooted; which letter appeared not to emanate from any person of eminence, but, as he believed, from Basse Fontaine or de Fresse. 

Had recommended the recipient to write to the Chancellor himself, by the person who brought the letter, that he should plainly show that the French sincerely desired and resolved firmly to maintain peace, when the King of England might accede to such, provided the French King assented to the marriage of his Majesty with the young Queen of Scots, the surrender of Boulogne on certain stipulated payments, &c. 

During all this period the messenger had remained at the French Court without receiving any reply, and had only sent the inclosed letter (to the effect that he could receive no answer either from the Chancellor or the Constable, as the King has another enterprise on hand, wishing to make vigorous war with England, and is bringing 20,000 men from Champagne). 

If his Grace desires to ascertain the real sentiments of the French, he will by means of this individual, and as if proceeding from him, continue to convey these conditions to those Frenchmen who desire a peace. [Latin. Two pages.]

---

Sept. 7. Westminster. Same to Sir Philip Hoby. While the French King was before Newhaven, the English light horsemen slew a person bearing letters to the French Court, which declared the doings of Dragut Rey with the French and others. Thinking these of importance to the Emperor, they had first shown the originals to his Ambassador, and now send copies of them to be given by Hoby to the Emperor, should he desire to have them. 

The tumults at home are nearly suppressed in all parts. The French King having by treachery obtained the fort on the hill called the Almaine Camp, and consequently the main fort of Newhaven and Blackness, intended then to lay siege to Boulogne; but before he reached that town the Captain of Boulognebourg rased his fort, and with all his ordnance, stores, and men repaired thither, which is even now menaced by the French King. 

In consequence of the position of affairs at home his Majesty is unable to render the necessary aid and supplies; therefore beseeches the Emperor to keep secret this information, known only to a few of the Council, and to give him his fatherly counsel and advice. 

Francisco the courier, who arrived yesterday, has brought intelligence of the French King's dishonourable doings towards them; all of which are detailed in full. Desire him, as from himself, to urge the Emperor to stay the French galleys, by reason of the damages done in Italy and Spain by the pirates; and to endeavour to defer the adjudication of a cause relating to the capture of two French ships on the coast of Flanders, until Mons. Bieux goes to the frontiers. [Nine pages. Draft.]

---

Sept. 11. Note relating to the King's bond to Anthony Fugger and his nephews, 11th September 1549. [Half a page.]

Sept. 11. Westminster. Bond by King Edward VI. to Anthony Fugger and his nephews of Augsburg, for repayment of 328,000 Caroline florins, on 15th August 1551. [Six pages. Draft.]

--- Sept. Declaration of War with France. [Ten pages. Draft.] Fair copy of the same. [Thirteen pages.]

---

Oct. 11.  "M. of the whole discourse of the Duke of Somerset's doings, to the Ambassadors." (Copy of circular sent to each of the Ambassadors informing them of the arrest of the Protector.) [Six pages.]

--- Oct. 22. [Westminster.] Instructions by the Council to Sir Thomas Cheyne and Sir Philip Hoby, sent to acquaint the Emperor with the proceedings taken against the Duke of Somerset, and to renew their request for the loan of troops in aid of Boulogne. Chastillon had made some overtures for settling matters, but these have been so meagre and dishonourable that Lord Clinton, the deputy for his Majesty, could not entertain them. [Sixteen pages. Draft.]

---

Nov. Brussels. Pragmatic by the Emperor Charles V., with the consent of the States, decreeing that thenceforth the succession shall be open to females as well as to males, so that no part of the Low Countries should at any time be severed from the rest. [Four pages. Copy.]

---

Dec. 23.  Reply of Marquis Albert of Brandenburg to the proposals submitted to him by Doctor Bruno on behalf of the King of England, as to the terms on which he would supply cavalry for defence of Boulogne. Refers to marriage with the Princess Mary. States the numbers, names of principal officers, wages, &c. [French. Fourteen pages.]

---- Dec. 24. Westminster. Grant under the Privy Seal of 375l. annual pension to Otho Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg. [One page. Copy.]

[avid-author-activist]

carry the torch; pass on the legacy

there were ashes drifting in the sky, and the world was cloudy gray and blood red. the defiant shouts of soon-to-be-dead legionnaires filled the air, almost ironic in their futility.  

jacob turned toward her from his position on the crest of the hill, a grim smile on his face. “report, terrel?”

terrel squinted through the smoke at the standards of the enemy—gold and purple standards, roman standards fighting a roman legion—and saw them overrun the position of the second cohort. not ten demigods remained standing. 

the third cohort resumed testudo formation, hopelessly cutting their way through another wave of earthborn. the fourth broke ranks and ran towards new rome, and monsters streamed through the gap in the lines.

terrel turned back to jacob, and the look on her face told him all he needed to know. “that’s alright,” he said, lifting his chin. “problem by problem, am I right?”

“yes, sir,” she managed. “problem by problem.”

jacob pointed the heavily smoking standard towards a troop (flock?) of airborn pandai. as he turned, terrel caught a glimpse of his eyes through the smoke. red-rimmed, she noticed, and filled with weary determination. “twelfth legion—” he began.

he never got to finish the sentence.

terrel froze in shock as he seemed to topple in slow motion, fumbling the standard with numb hands. dead hands. 

where? her mind screamed. why?

dimly, she registered that three myrmekes stood directly below their position, poised to fire upwards, their terrible mandibles reflecting what little light there was. the boy to her left (on probatio, second cohort. she had never learned his name) fell, his breastplate a corroded mess. 

slowly, the monstrous ants turned on her. but slowly, on her other side, the eagle standard canted to the right as jacob’s grip finally went slack, and his head slumped against his chest with an awful finality. 

there is one lesson every legionnaire learns on their first, second, third day of training. definitely within the first week. and that lesson is: protect the legion’s standard before all else. do not let it fall. do not let it touch the ground.

even at the cost of your own life. 

terrel caught the eagle just before its golden wings made contact with the earth, ignoring the flying acid from the ants and the burning smoke in the air. the standard trembled as it made contact with her hands, trembled with the raw power of jupiter’s lightning. 

she smelled ozone and felt her hair stand on end as it released a burst of electricity, frying the myrmekes to dust. terrel looked at it with new eyes, with an awe that approached reverence. this was godly might she held. this was the heart of her legion. the heart of rome.

protect the standard, even at the cost of your life. 

her hands shook as she held the eagle aloft for the first time. 

[warsofasoiaf]

A couple of quick notes from China:

1) While you’re right about the historical definition of man-at-arms, GRRM uses it differently. Most often, at least in AGOT and ACOK he uses it as a generic term for heavy infantry (see Catelyn IX and Tyrion VII in AGOT and Theon III in ACOK - I haven’t checked further to see if this usage remains consistent), especially those very well armoured and using melee weapons rather than spears.

2) Following Michael J . Taylor’s 2014 articles “Visual Evidence for Roman Infantry Tactics” (https://www.academia.edu/3394799/Visual_Evidence_for_Roman_Infantry_Tactics) and “Roman Infantry Tactics in the Mid-Republic: A Reassessment” (Historia, 2014), a basic guide for Roman spacing would be 4.5 feet per man, and the Romans typically drew up their three lines (hastati, principes and hastatii) in either six or eight ranks when in fighting order (and ¾ ranks when in closed order/testudo). While the conditions of every battle are different, this general guide should help visualize the length and depth of formations of the Roman army from the mid to late 3rd century BC down to the early 3rd century AD.

For the enemies of the Romans, 3 feet per man was the fighting order of those using the Macedonian phalanx, while the early Celts may have used a formation similar to the Romans. Some of the later Celts, around the time of Caesar, seem to have used overlapping shields and may have occupied as little as 2 feet per man, depending on how wide their shields were. This can’t be applied wholesale to all the Celts, however, as there was considerable variation on their fighting styles (similarly not all of the early Celts might have fought in a similarly open order to the Romans). As a general rule of thumb, 3 feet per man is a good generic figure for spacing infantry unless there’s some evidence to suggest otherwise.

1. I’ve noticed that in Medieval: Total War and other things that “man-at-arms” is a sort of go-to term war for high-grade infantry the way knight is used for high-grade cavalry. My issue was that in the AGOT Prologue, man-at-arms seems to mean more like the retainer of a knight in the relationship between Waymar and his fellows on the mission. Similarly, in Tyrion IV, he uses “man-at-arms” as a means of signifying the retainer relationship with the Bracken man at the inn. In that sense, the term was being used for a man in service and empowered to wear the livery. So perhaps it’s a bit muddy and flexible on the term.

2. Hmm, I didn’t even think of that. I was thinking about how wide an actual formation would be per the phrasing of the original question and didn’t even think that if I did a per-man measurement that would be useful. I’ll tag the original asker of the question, @buongiornoalexlanger so he can see. Thanks!

Hope you’re doing well, Anon from China. Thanks again!

SomethingLikeALawyer, Hand of the King

[mellieyumi711]

The Princess and The Prince Thief: A Miraculous Fanficiton

The Princess and The Prince Thief- Chapter Two

Summary: Princess Marinette of the Kingdom of Creaturae was very happy. Her reasons?-The notorious thief Chat Noir was locked up, her 21st birthday was soon, and she was going to become Queen. That is, until it was decided that she had to marry the mysterious Prince Adrien of the Kingdom of Mortem in order to become Queen. To make matters worse, Chat Noir escaped from jail and is visiting her almost every night. Having to run a kingdom is bad enough, but falling in love with a thief and a prince is the hardest part of all.

Genre: Fiction-Fantasy/Romance AU

Rated: T for Teen- Ages 15+

     Patreon Supporters get Chapters a whole day early! For only $5 a month, you can too! Patreon.com/mellie711

Words: 2,520

Also over at:

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Ao3

                              read chapter one here

Chapter Two

-A Figure in the Night-

Prince Adrien began to grow restless as the House of Cheng staff was attending to his quite swollen foot, exchanging another towel of now melted ice for another, more full wrap. King Tom was doing damage control with Adrien’s father, King Gabriel, while Queen Sabine kept apologizing profusely to the young prince. The party was beginning to wane, with only a few from the Kingdom of Testudo, Apis, and Vulpes staying around. These Kingdoms had more to lose if this little stunt meant the start of a war, since trade and treaties already drew ally lines. Adrien knew this, wanting to make sure that nothing happened to push the idea.

    “I am really truly sorry, dear,” the older Queen began again, this time grabbing the wrap of ice from a young house butler and attending to Adrien’s foot herself. She looked flushed and scared, causing Adrien to frown.

“Your Highness, please,” Adrien caught her before her hands touched his foot, “You are not at fault, and it is okay.” Really, it wasn’t anyone’s fault but Princess Marinette, but Adrien was kinder than that.

Chloe Bourgeois, however, was not.

“Adrakins!!”

She rushed passed staff and even other royals, grabbing Adrien by the arm and hugging it tightly. Fake tears flooded her eyes, her face red, and she looked up at Adrien with big blue bug-like eyes.

“You can still marry me. I wouldn’t do anything like this to you! How dare that girl!” Princess Chloe shot a evil stare towards the area where Marinette ran off, where a double french door opened to the outside. A yearning tugged at Adrien’s heart; he wanted to go after her.

“Chloe, you know I have to do this. It is for continued peace in our lifetime,” Adrien stated, pushing the young blonde girl off of him as he tried to stand. Continued peace in an unstable landscape. Grateful of his oldest friend, but tired of her annoying antects, he knew she just wanted to make sure he was okay. He didn’t put much weight on the injured foot, hobbling over towards his father and King Tom. A young auburn haired girl passed him on the way, her eyes narrowed in annoyance as soon as she saw Adrien. She bumped his shoulder, hard,  either on accident or on purpose, causing Adrien to grunt and almost trip. With no words of apology, she kept walking past him in a hurried stride.

‘O..okayy,’ Adrien thought, raising a curious eyebrow at that woman’s rudeness but continuing on.

Catching the last bit of the conversation between his father and King Tom, Adrien thanked the gods he had impeccable timing.

“Tom, you are going to have to get your daughter under control. I don’t want my son marrying a willdabeast,” King Gabriel Agreste hissed, his stiff demeter complimenting his blue and silver tux suit. The symbol of the House of Agreste, a blue butterfly, rested on the tall man’s brooch. The King of the Land of Destruction never looked more fit for the part. Since the passing of his beloved mother years before, Adrien couldn’t remember a time when his father actually smiled.

“Be glad Adrien’s foot wasn’t actually broken, or we would be talking under fire right now.”

“Gabriel..” King Tom pierched his lips tight, but Adrien approached before any other words could have been said. Tom’s face shifted dramatically, beaming and grateful.

“Adrien,dear boy! Are you making it around alright?” Tom slapped the boy on the back playfully, causing Adrien to almost fall, but he quickly regained balance.

“I am okay thanks to your amazing staff, King Tom,” Adrien said, glancing over at the hurried maids and butlers that were trying to clean up. His voice grew concerned as he turned back to the older men, “Has anyone heard from Princess Marinette?”

King Gabriel huffed, lifting his nose, “That girl has apparently retreated back to her quarters on account of her embarrassing situation. We are going to be stay here at Creaturae palace, my son, till the Princess’s birthday. That way, the Princess can make it up to you properly.” Gabriel gave Adrien a side look, communicating without words. Ah, yes. The Plan.

Adrien didn’t forget, despite wanting too. He sighed and nodded, excusing himself and heading outside through the doors. The air was cool, as autumn was on the way. The stars shone like simmering waves of diamonds across the sky, and creatures of the night echoed. Creaturae felt so much more..alive.. than Mortem, even at night. Adrien felt terrible for what they were trying to do to it.

Walking through the beautiful gardens, Adrien got lost in his thoughts. He went over the plan again in his head, especially since his father drilled it to him over a hundred times now. Marry Marinette, kill Marinette, take over the Kingdom of Creaturae from the inside. Simple, easy.

“Not if Chat Noir has anything to say about it,” Adrien spoke out loud in a whisper, serving up a coy smile. He might have been caught in Apis a week before, but Chloe ended up pulling a few strings without raising suspicion. She promised to ‘reform’ the notorious thief, but Adrien left with a big favor owned to Chloe. Going from Kingdom to Kingdom, town to town, Adrien as Chat Noir was searching for something to help him control the destruction powers that his family is known for.

The urge, the inch, crept over Adrien, sending shivers down his spine. A faint black glow surrounded his hands, and the rush filled his blood. The powers of destruction were like a drug, and he hated it. He had to run away from it, run over the rooftops, and scout out for his prey. This was the last Kingdom, and if the Ring of Plagg wasn’t here, if his mother was wrong this whole time…

   After calming down a bit, the prince made his way to the guest house by the large angelic fountain in solemn silence, having asked to have this place for reasons such as this. His father insisted he stayed with him in the palace, but after convincing him that it would work out better if he wasn’t in the Princess’s face, his father agreed to let him stay in the outside guest house.

As he entered, his trusted friend and serving Protector Knight sat in front of the lit fireplace, playing soft music on his violin. Nino Lahiffe was technically the crown Prince of Testudo, heir to the House of Lahiffe, but as by law and tradition, he had to serve as a Protector Knight to a royal Agreste until that Agreste took the throne. Adrien was glad Nino was with him, the only true friend he had who understood his need to block his powers of death.

 “You got comfortable quick,” Adrien commented, enjoying the sweet melody as Nino brought it to a close. The blonde prince sat down across from his friend in a big leather chair. Nino flashed a big smile, his golden eyes full of excitement. A set of glasses sat on the bridge of his nose. He placed the violin down, resting his chin in his hand in contentment.

“Sorry I didn’t stick around to watch you get attended too,” the young knight began, “But I wasn’t about to pass up the chance to play what I was feeling.”

Adrien returned the warm greeting, saying, “It was a bit different this time. Did something happen?”

“Well, I saw the beautiful Princess Marinette, for one.”

Adrien grunted and snickered.

“And for two, I also met her Lady-in-waiting, Alya Cesaire.”

Adrien perked up, sitting up straight. “As in, the Princess of the House of Cesaire?”

Nino nodded, “Yeah man, the very same. Apparently she and her family were exiled here after that uprising in Vulpus a few years back. Now they work for Marinette’s family as tutors and mentors. The House of Rossi seemed to have some help getting to the top of Vulpus.” Nino shot a curious expression, “You wouldn’t happen to know how they did that, would you, my liege?”

Adrien fidgeted a bit in his seat, staring away from Nino’s knowing eyes. Yes, King Gabriel Agreste made a deal with the House of Rossi to overthrow the House of Cesaire and secure the Kingdom of Vulpus for themselves. In return, Gabriel would have their armies and their help if a war began. But Adrien didn’t realize that the Cesaire’s were banished here; he still thought they were in Vulpus. So much for paying attention at royal council meetings.

Nino chuckled at Adrien, not really expecting an answer, “Well, it remains a mystery for now.” He picked up the violin again, plucking at the strings to release a single, solemn tune.

“Lady Alya and I will be meeting you guys tomorrow for breakfast. Your belongings are already in your room, and the important stuff is sitting in the wardrobe. Good night, Adrien.”

The prince smiled and nodded, leaving his friend to his music and making his way up the stairs. Greeting him in the wardrobe, was the black bag of his alter ego. Sitting right on top was his outfit, and under was all the cat embedded and decorated rings and jewels he has stolen through the Kingdoms. But they were all fakes, replicas or rumored to be The Ring of Plagg, God of Destruction. Adrien planned on returning the items once the real ring was found.

 Assembling his gear, Adrien eyed himself in the mirror, and noted how his black hood hid his blonde hair so well. A black mask with a glamor spell made his eyes slitted and bright, exactly like a cat and giving him excellent night-vision.The leather suit was tailored to his exact measurements, and a enchanted belt swayed back and forth behind him, giving him extra balance and agility. A silver metal staff, configured to extend as needed, was hoisted in his backpack.

 Out the window, onto the tiles of the palace roof, Chat Noir climbed. He sat among the stars as close as he could be, seeing the whole town from palace tops.

His foot stung, sending sharp pain signals and causing the vigilante to stop at a balcony. ‘Shit’ he thought, ‘Looks like tonight will be a short one.’ He bent down, took off his boot, and rubbed his foot, hissing at the pain.

“Are you hurt?”

Jumping backwards, almost falling off the rails, Chat grabbed the metal bar and his tail steadied him. He stood up and came face to face with Princess Marinette; her hair down around her face, eyes swollen red. A lump stone sat in the cat thief’s throat at the presence of the breath-taking Queen-to-be.

She had on a black silk robe, hugging it tightly around her form. The glass door behind her revealed a small lamp lit on a wooden side table, but no one else. She took another step forward, slowly, and asked again,

“Are you hurt?”

Chat Noir’s heart raced wildly, torned between actually addressing her as the princess, or pretending he doesn’t know who she is. He really needed to leave, though, before she called the guards. But he was curious, as his feline nature got the best of him.

“Yes,” he ended up saying, “ I hurt my foot.” The lie escaped him easy, playing it safe to be honest. If she really was to turn him in, she would have already called the guards, he told himself.

Princess Marinette reached out her hand, hesitant. She took another step, then stopped. “Do you mind if I healed you?” Her voice was calm, caring. She was breathing normally and didn’t seemed afraid. Chat Noir was taken aback, staring at the kind-hearted woman with disbelief.. Does she even know who he is? Without pushing his luck too much, he shook his head, and Marinette came closer. She crouched down, hovering her right hand over the hurt foot. Her hand began to glow with a faint pinkish hue, and she lowered it, touching Chat’s exposed ankle.

Another hiss escaped the thief’s lips as a slight burn then cooling reaction rippled across his foot. And as quick as it was, Marinette stepped back with a smile and nod. Chat Noir rolled his ankle, his foot completely healed. So that’s the power of the House of Cheng. No wonder his father wants this family gone.

“Thank you,” he said, strapping his boot back on. “I owe you one,miss ..uh..?” He played dumb, giving the ignorance is bliss approach.

“Marinette, Princess of Creaturae,” she giggled at him, “I am surprised you do not know me. But of course, I know you, infamous Chat Noir.”

Adrenaline rushed through Chat, and he grabbed the railing in order to make a quick escape.

“You knew, and yet helped me anyway, Princess?”

“No one should be in pain.”

“But I am a thief.”

“And I am a Princess,” Marinette rebutted back, “And yet, kindness is something that still applies to me.” She tapped her chin in thought, a smirk crossing her face, “How about, you don’t steal anything from my kingdom, and we call it even?”

Raising an eyebrow, questioning Marinette’s true intentions, Chat Noir laughed. “Even if I say I won’t, we both know I will anyway.”

Marinette shrugged and kept her cheerful expression, enjoying their witty banter, “ As expected, but I won’t heal anymore foots, for future reference.” In an instant, Chat grabbed her hand gently and kissed the back of it with a slow, soft peek of his lips, noting her instant flushed face. “Noted, Princess,” he said in hushed tones, “ Then I’ll come back for a slight sniffle.” The same feeling Adrien felt when they were dancing returned, an electric pulse between them. Before his body betrayed him, Chat Noir backed up and jumped onto the thin railing, balancing and crouching down. He winked at the flustered woman, jumping off the balcony backwards into the night.

Marinette rushed to the edge, peering over to see the thief had disappeared completely. Her heart was racing, her mind clouded. The same feeling she felt with Adrien. The same wink he gave her during their dance. And yet, different.  

She should have called the guards as soon as she heard the loud thump, but something told her to show this wanted criminal compassion. She tilted her head up to the night sky, studying the stars for an answer, before making her way back into her room and shutting the door.

 Chat Noir leaned forward into the starlight from the shadows under the balcony, a wide-smile never escaping his face. Tomorrow morning, he’ll apologize as Adrien, and tomorrow night, he’ll go on the hunt for the Ring of Plagg.

Author’s Note: So my schedule for this will be every Friday- I already have chapters 3 and 4- 

[mellieartcorner]

The Princess and The Prince Thief- Chapter Seven: A Miraculous Fanfiction

Summary: Princess Marinette of the Kingdom of Creaturae was very happy. Her reasons?-The notorious thief Chat Noir was locked up, her 21st birthday was soon, and she was going to become Queen. That is, until it was decided that she had to marry the mysterious Prince Adrien of the Kingdom of Mortem in order to become Queen. To make matters worse, Chat Noir escaped from jail and is visiting her almost every night. Having to run a kingdom is bad enough, but falling in love with a thief and a prince is the hardest part of all.

Genre: Fiction-Fantasy/Romance AU

Rated: T for Teen- Ages 15+

Patreon Supporters get Chapters a whole day early! For only $5 a month, you can too! Patreon.com/mellie711

Fanfiction.net

Ao3

Words:3,234

Chapter Seven

The Fox and The Turtle -

Nino waited patiently outside of the amphitheater as delegates were pouring out, their loud chatter indistinguishable. Princess Marinette had already left with her family. Adrien hurried after her. Nino knew it was only a matter of time before they found one another and talked this over. That wasn’t the best way that Council meeting could have happened, but what’s done is done. Nino’s job now, was to find out how deep King Gabriel’s claws were in the other kingdoms.

A chilly breeze fluttered past, causing Nino to place his green hood over his head for protection. His house crest highlighted his wool jacket, the hunter green and golden embroidery handmade in the Kingdom of Testudo. Bulla, his cousin and Queen Regent, exited the arena, her brown hair high in a ponytail. Her diamond crown was two sizes too small for her big head, her nose pointy, and her back slightly humped. Her dress was a light blue color, with the turtle resting on her back. Not the prettiest woman in the world, even for a Queen.

“Bulla,” Nino stated, coming up to her in haste as she continued walking forward. Her two rather large and identical looking bodyguards raised face as he approached.

“What do you want, cousin?” Bulla responded with a cold demeanor, her eyes facing forward as she came closer to her horse drawn stagecoach. She finally turned to him, crossing her arms over her chest. Some other delegates gazed over, curious at their interaction.

“We need to talk. Are you staying at the palace?” Nino shot a sideways stare at the bystanders, making them disapant.

Bulla sighed, nodding, “If you must know, yes. There is apparently open rooms there since someone’s charge wanted to sleep in an old staff house. We will leave in the morning for Testudo.”

“It isn’t a-oh forget it,” Nino commented, “Meet me at the ‘old staff house’ at sundown tonight, please.”

A smirk graced the corner of the woman’s lips, as she grabbed the handle to lift herself inside the turnout. She sat down, while her guards took positions as driver and shooter. Closing the small door, Bulla leaned out of the window and winked.

   “Make me your famous bubble cookies, and I’ll be there.”

The driver made a clicking noise, making the horses trot off towards the palace. Nino grumbled under his breath at his cousin, knowing those cookies are going to take him a while to make. But he needed her information, since she was one of the first Nino and Adrien knew of that King Gabriel threatened. Turning around, the young Knight came face to face with Princess Lila, her face dark and hard. At this point, it was just them now outside of the area. She rose up to meet him, her eyes flashing uncertainty.

“I know what you are doing,” she whispered softly, almost too quietly, “It won’t work. Hawkmoth has it in for all of us.” Her unusual nervousness reflected in her mannerisms.

“Hawkmoth?” Nino questioned in equality hushed tones.

Lila rolled back onto her feet, her face now unreadable and her demetour normal.

“Watch out for the butterflies,” the young Princess stated nonchalantly, twirling her hair as she turned around to walk away. Processing this information, Nino stared off into the distance. Lila was not know for her reliable information, but this was also the first time she actually addressed him without being cruel about it.

Her words reverberated through him. ‘Watch out for the butterflies’ uh? What butterflies? And Hawkmoth? A code word? Bulla should know the answers to this, which means a lot of bubble cookies to make. Nino hurried past delegates,advisors, and the people of Creaturae to the palace, racing the sun there.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

“That could have gone a whole lot better,” Alya turned to her older sister, Lady Nora, as they casually walked back towards Creaturae palace through the town. Nora, being taller, broad in the shoulders, and skinny, caused many men walking by to turn their heads in confusion and admiration. But she ignored them all, looking down at her young sister with pride and appreciation.

“Prince Adrien even asked you where Marinette went to, right?” Nora asked, smirking and crossing her arms over her chest as they traversed. The rest of the Cesire family left on horse, but Alya and Nora wanted to spend some time together.

“I wouldn’t even talk to him,” Alya commented, returning the smile, “He will find her himself. It is better that way anyway.”

“Why do you think the crowd went in an uproar like that?”

Alya stopped in front of a food vendor, paying for a jar of homemade jam. The vendor was smiling graciously and accepted the coins, while Alya replied back to her sister, “Something wasn’t right with that. I think you-know-who was doing something.” Code words passed between them, not truly knowing who was a spy and who wasn’t.

Nora simply nodded back, understanding.

The two ladies of the House of Cesaire kept their steady pace through the crowds, enjoying the nice autumn weather and the busy streets. Alya held tightly her blackberry jam, thoughts racing. The world was tense, with the marriage easing some minds, but rumors as they walked were mostly on Chat Noir’s appearance and the fact that King Gabriel and Prince Adrien are staying in Creaturae till the wedding. Nora and Alya, in reality, took this route to hear the people. With their subtracted status, they weren’t truly seen as royalty here, just rich upper class, making others around them less afraid of speaking the truth.

As the sun was giving to the horizon, sunset was nearing in about an hour or so. Alya and Nora made it back to the palace, passing the Guest House Lord Nino and Prince Adrien were staying in. The smell of warm cookies drifted from a open window, causing Alya to stop short. She looked up to see smoke pouring from the chimney. Her sister kept walking for a moment before looking back.

“Lil sis?”

Alya waved, “Go on, big sis. I’ll catch up with you later. I need to ask Lord Lahifee a question.”

Nora raised an eyebrow and smirked, “Well tell turtle-boy I said hello.” With that, the older woman turned and walked towards the entrance of the palace. Alya faced the stone building, raised her hand, and knocked on the door. A loud bang and a clash of glass echoed on the other side, when suddenly Lord Nino opened the door with a huff.

“Lady Alya!” Nino exclaimed, wiping flour from his face and hands. He bowed briefly, out of breath. A speck of flour still remained on his nose, his glasses dirty, and a green apron hung around his chest. “I wasn’t expecting you.”

“Clearly,” Alya replied, a smile gracing her lips as she reached up with her finger and scraped off the last of the flour from Nino’s nose. The soft touch sparked a warmth between them, but Alya brushed it off quickly. Nino blushed slightly and opened the door further for Alya to step inside.

“I haven’t seen Princess Marinette since the Council meeting,” Nino began, racing back to the kitchen to clean up his mess. He spoke louder as he cleaned, “But you are more than welcome to stay until my cousin arrives.”

“I’m not here for Marinette,” Alya responded, taking in the warm fire and gazing down at a beautiful violin stationed beside a leather chair. She smiled widely and said in just as loud of tones, “I wanted to see you.”

Another loud crash from the kitchen caused Alya to jump and head steadfast towards the situation. She saw Nino with a broom, cleaning up glass fragments and a deep red flush on his face. He was adorable, and obviously a part-time chef.

Alya giggled, “Need some help?”

Nino didn’t meet her gaze but nodded, reaching for a pan to scoop up the glass. “Can you check on the cookies in the oven? If they are blue, then they are done.”

‘Blue..cookies?’ Alya mentally questioned but shuffled to the brick oven anyway. She placed her jam jar on the counter so as not to have it smashed to pieces like glass seems to become in this kitchen. Grabbing a dish towel, she opened the small metal door that closed off the brick oven and peeped inside. A rack of a dozen or so….blue cookies sat alof from the wood burning fire. “They’re done,” Alya responded, reaching for the peel to pull them out. Nino came up beside her, having thrown away the broken glass, and grabbed the peel from her gently. Their hands touched, either the warmth of the oven or their own electricity overcoming them.

“I’ll...finished them up. Thanks, Lady Alya.”

“Alya, just, Alya. Even when I was a princess, I hated titles.”

Nino flashed a big smile, nodding, “Just Alya then.” He reached in the oven and pulled out the cookie tray, placing it on the nearby countertop. The cookies jiggled a bit in the middle like soft dough, but were, in fact, very rich deep blue and smelled amazing.

“What’s the occasion?” Alya asked, as she watched Nino clean himself up a bit and take off his apron.

“My cousin is coming, and she demanded I make her my famous bubble cookies. She used to eat them all the time with our grandmother, and I am the only one in the family who can replicate the recipe correctly.” Nino laughed, cleaning up some dishes in the sink. His tone shifted a bit as he said, “I hope she can help me with a bit of a problem that has come up.”

Alya nodded, her intuition on point, “King Gabriel.”

Nino widened his eyes and gazed over at his guest, then snorted, “You are very clever, Alya. Yes, Bulla knows a lot more than she lets on about King Gabriel’s intentions. After the meeting today, I want to know who all can turn at any moment once Marinette and Adrien get married.”

Alya crossed her arms and leaned onto the adjacent wall, pondering,”I didn’t like how today went either. While walking back here through town, my sister and I heard many towns people worried about Chat Noir as well. I didn’t care for how King Gabriel seemed to brush off that subject.”

Nino stopped his cleaning, facing Alya completely with a worried look, “You still think Chat Noir is working with King Gabriel?”

“I do. After meeting Prince Adrien at the library and learning about the Ring of Plagg, I realized that if King Gabriel had that as well as the Earrings of Tikki, he would be unstoppable.” Alya turned her head to look at the hardening cookies, careful of her words, “A thief and a rotten King, as queer but as complete as those cookies.”

A heavy sigh escaped Nino’s lips, “Alya I-”

KnockKnoCKKNOCK

Three deafening attempts at a knock silenced Nino, causing his heart to leap madly.

He grabbed Alya in haste, “Hide, quickly!” Her objections were cut short as Nino opened a small coat closet and shoved Alya inside, the fur coats cocooning her. Another set of bangs reverberated, before Nino grabbed the door handle and pulled.

“Bulla! You’re e-early!” He exclaimed, his cousin charging herself inside without a proper introduction. Her guards waited outside of the door on either side, their stiffness uncomfortable. Nino shut the door with his back, sweat forming on his brow. Bulla turned to look at him, annoyance dripping.

“Well?...Where are the cookies?”

“Right! The Cookies!” Nino responded, brushing pass the closet with Alya inside and leading his cousin into the kitchen. “They just came out not a moment ago, nice and fresh.” Bulla pushed him aside and grabbed a still steaming cookie, taking a big bite and rolling her eyes back in pleasure.

“So good,” she commented, finishing off the piece in her hand and grabbing another, shoving that in her mouth as well. Crumbs fell from her lips, and Nino shifted his face to disgust. He was related to his woman, though that was hard to believe right now. Focusing on the task at hand, he grabbed her hand before she reached for her fourth cookie, looking hard into her eyes.

“No more cookies until you talk to me about King Gabriel. Tell me his plan, who all he has controlled, and what is next.”

Bulla swallowed hard, her eyes dashing around the room. She rushed to close the window that was in the kitchen, closed the oven door, and even the door that shut the kitchen off from the rest of the house. She sat down at the small breakfast table, gestureing Nino to sit across from her. He slowly took a seat, his cousin’s fear rippling and worrying him.

“Hawkmoth has got almost every kingdom under his control,” Bulla began, leaning forward.

“Wait-Hawkmoth? You mean King Gabriel?”

Bulla waved off Nino’s ignorance.“Yes, King Gabriel. Those of us who agreed to become part of his new kingdom call him Hawkmoth. That’s what he wants, you know? To form one singular kingdom under his reign.” Nino grew rigid, letting his cousin finish, “Since the untimely death of Queen Emile, Hawkmoth has felt it is only fitting that all of the Seven Kingdoms join together under one. We, the royals of the Seven Kingdoms, could have all done something to help her, he believed, but we didn’t. He has been planning a takeover ever since. He has the Kingdoms of Vulpus, half of Draconus, Apis, and supposedly Testudo under his control.”

Nino let in a deep breath, his theories confirmed. Adrien was not going to like this.

“But Queen Emile died of an accident. Why does he think the magick of the royal families could have helped her?” Nino challenged.

Bulla leaned back into her chair, her face like stone. “Not just any magick. Creaturae magick. The magick of life itself. But in order for Creaturae to gain permission to do something, the council had to vote. They all voted ‘no’, on the account that no one should be brought back from the dead, even royalty.”  

Nino brought his fingers to his chin, deeply lost in thought. He sighed again, standing up and grabbing a few cookies. He handed them over to Bulla, asking one final question as she munched. “What’s the next move?”

She swallowed two cookies before saying, “Let the marriage happen, only to kill Prince Adrien and Princess Marinette to take over Creaturae. Chat Noir will be framed too, for the murder.”

A raucous thud alerted both Nino and Bulla from outside the kitchen, as well as a soft moan. Nino realized it was Alya, so he coughed uncontrollably and drew Bulla’s attention back to him. “Must have been the wind,” he casually stated, opening the door and letting Bulla walk out to see no one there. “Thank you again, for stopping by. I hope you liked the cookies,” Nino obnoxiously pushed Bulla closer to the door. “Adrien will be back soon, so thank you again.”

Bulla began to try to speak, but Nino opened the door and pushed her out. “I hope to see you at the wedding, cousin!” He exclaimed, before slamming the door and locking her out. Letting out a deep exhale, Nino let his back and head fall onto the wooden door. Alya busted out of the fur nightmare, untangling herself. She looked up at him, her eyes scared. “Was all of that true, what she said?”

Nino nodded, taking his eyes away from the beautiful woman’s fearful form, “Yes. Bulla doesn’t lie. This information was confirmed earlier today by Princess Lila, as well.”

“Princess Lila! You can not trust her! She is a manipulative bitch!” Alya shouted, drawing a fist and pounding it onto the back of a nearby chair. Nino shook his head, coming closer to Alya and placing a hand over her tight fist.

“I do not think she lied this time, since Bulla said the same things. We have to figure out how to protect Adrien and Princess Marinette.” He squeezed his hand around her own, feeling her calm down. “I know Marinette is just as special to you as Adrien is to me. I swore on my family and my position to never let anything happen to him,” Nino let a small smile tug at the corner of his lips. “The fox and the turtle are great protectors after all.” He reached out his other hand for Alya to shake it in agreement. Alya stared deeply into Nino’s brown gems that held such confidence, her heart skipping a beat. She pushed his hand away and grabbed him in a massive hug, gripping tight. Nino tried to retract for a moment, his red hue returning, but he returned the hug full force enjoying the comfort and the familiarity that came with being in this embrace.

Suddenly, a cacophony outside shook the two emerging lovers from their union.

“What in the Gods name was that?!,” a bewildered Nino demanded, as they both rocketed outside.

They were greeted with Adrien punching Bulla right across the face, knocking her down with a enormous thud. Bulla’s guards were nowhere to be found, and Marinette was standing aloft with horrified eyes and clinging a book to her chest.

“What the hell, man?!” Nino screamed, running to his cousin only to be stopped short by Alya. She pointed to Bulla’s face, which was outlined with a hazy purple tattoo that looked oddly like a butterfly. Her eyes were darkened, almost black and her hair was standing on end. Bulla rose back up easy, taking a fighting stance towards Adrien.

“She is possessed by something! I saw it enter her body!” Adrien cried out, dodging to avoid another swing. Nino dashed in front of Adrien, drawing out his magick. A massive rich green turtle shield exploded from Nino’s hands, bracing Bulla’s oncoming storm of punches and scratches.

“Go to the Princess!” Nino demanded, letting Adrien race to Marinette from under cover. Bulla kept pounding and pounding on the shield, her face lit brightly by the tattoo. Erupting through the comotion came a sweet solemn melody, startling both Nino and Bulla. They both turned to see Alya, who had apparently raced back inside to grab Nino’s violin. Her hands began to glow a illuminating orange color as she played the strings, the music filling the air. Bulla groaned deeply, dragging her feet towards Alya.

“Wait! Stop!” Nino shouted, trying to grab Bulla. But the woman dismissed him and fell to her knees, staring star-struck at Alya’s playing. Tears began to fall down the Queen’s face as the harmony over took her.

Alya slowly ceased her playing, carefully watching Bulla still stare at her with clouded judgement. Marinette and Adrien approached Bulla from the back; Adrien standing next to Nino as Marinette continued forward. The young Princess lowered herself beside Bulla, staring at the deranged woman with pity.

“I wonder…” whispered Marinette softly, lifting her hand up to Bulla’s face. A warm crimson hue decorated Marinette’s fingers and touched Bulla like a hurt babe, caressing her cheek with reverence. The warm touch paraded through Bulla, healing her almost instantly. Through her mouth, came out a lavender butterfly. It fluttered away into the night, it’s wing beats hard and distressed..

“Goodbye little butterfly,” Marinette’s voice was barely above a whisper, as Bulla’s eyes rolled to the back of her head and she fell into Marinette’s lap, unconscious.

[twogunnorseman]

Hmmmm, lets see here, under the restrictions and premise of "war fighting" I'm going to asdume domestic decay/solar flare bullshit. So.

AR500 testudo package on sale with plates and pouches - $250 (lvl 3+ steel shooters cut, plus 6 rifle pouches and 2 gear pouches)

Sig romeo -$90

Vz-58 556B "pistol" for sale $1,100 (comes with 3 mags)

2 extra rifle mags -$40

Alt build*

Testudo as above - $250

Arm braced 12.5" "poverty pony" PSA AR-15 with romeo and flip up irons - $950

6 mags (steel) - $45

Solid, surplus freq hopping radio with headset

~ $100

IFAK - $75

Benchmade azeria - $80

Mechanix flame/tear resistant gloves - $50

Right at budget.

The thought process behind the 2 different builds is entirely dependent on if you are walking out your front door into some shit, or are parked along the side of the road and need to get out of some shit. I personally prefer .308 as my go-to, but that is mostly cause im over 6'4" and the SCAR has little felt recoil anyway.

If you are "going to war" replacement parts, magazine and caliber compatibility with commonality is important. If you want something that will work with no fuss, as opposed to little fuss, go for an ak platform. If you want something that is ubiquitous, go for an AR platform.

If you are making a kit with 1,500 bucks, you don't need a pistol. You DO need a knife. Knives remain one of the most useful and diversely applied tools you can have on your person.

Not bleeding is great.

Talking to people you want to talk to is great.

Not getting shot is great.

That being said, if you have an hour + commute and you are just heading hoke or just getting to work when the proverbial air raid siren goes off, you are at LEAST a day from home. Maybe more. Having something you know can survive being under the floor of your trunk rattling around on your spare tire for 6 months and still come into your hands shooting ready is worth the price of admission.

It's been a while since we did a gunblr game

So:

You have $1500 to build a war/fighting kit.

Weapons. Lights. Mags. Load bearing. Armor (if you want it.) The whole nine yards.

Pistol is optional.

Tags in second post, reply to this one directly.

[maswartz]

Fallen Kyurangers

Centuries before the rise of the 88 Kyurangers a team formed to try and prevent the rise of Jark Matter. Sundial- “Solar Star! Solarium Gold!”- SolBot- Solar powered android built to serve Jark Matter but rebelled and fled. Formed the team- His Kyutama appeared to him as he fled the lab where he was built. He can unleash solar energy as attacks- Solarium Voyager- A large humanoid mecha Reindeer- “Frozen Star! Rangifer Silver!”-  Rudolph- Hermit from frozen wasteland, thought Roxi was naive but was impressed by her survival skills. His Kyutama appeared to him when he was caught in a blizzard- Rangifer Voyager- A reindeer mecha Flying Squirrel- “Forest Star! Sciurus Volans Green!”- Roxi- Tree hugger, grew up in treetops, thought Rudolph was cold hearted jerk but saw the kindness inside him. She found her Kyutama as she tried to prevent Jark Matter from cutting down her forest- Sciurus Volans Voyager- A flying squirrel mecha Rooster- “Farming Star! Gallus Red!”- Micktonald- A farmer who grew many crops and raised many animals. He was in charge of growing the food for the team. He found his Kyutama when he tried to fend off Jark Matter soldiers from stealing his crops- Gallus Voyager- A rooster mecha Wasp- “Hive Star! Vespa Yellow!”- Buztar- A former soldier of a forgotten war. He was wandering from planet to planet trying to find a purpose when his Kyutama appeared to him- Vespa Voyager- A wasp mecha Printshop- “Writer Star! Officina Typographica Pink!”- Guten- An author who got many books published. When Jark Matter began to rise he began printing anti-Jark Matter material causing them to attack him. His Kyutama appeared during the attack- Officina Typographica Voyager- A smaller humanoid mecha Rhinoceros Beetle- “History Star! Scarabaeus Black!”- Senoj- An archeologist who found many hidden ruins. During one expedition he stumbled on a Jark Matter excavation and found his Kyutama in the process- Scarabeaus Voyager- A beetle mecha Tortoise- “Shell Star! Testudo Blue!”- Yoris- An elderly man who was living in peace until Jark Matter began to rise. He found his Kyutama when he was trying to defend a group of children from Jark Matter troops. He is able to create a force field- Testudo Voyager- A tortoise mecha Hot Air Balloon- “Aviation Star! Globus Aerostaticus Orange!”-  Mogoier- An inventor who created a flying base the team used as their headquarters. She found her Kyutama when the base was attacked by Jark Matter- Globus Aerostaticus Voyager- A smaller humanoid mecha Kyuhosen-Oh: Nine Star Warrior King Solarium Voyager forms the torso and head and four others form arms and legs. For over a year the team battled Jark Matter while having many adventures and misadventures such as body swapping, SolBot fighting a more advanced model based on his blueprints, Rudolph and Roxi getting stranded in the wilderness before admitting their feelings for each other, Buztar confronting an enemy soldier from the war before confronting his own actions during it, Senoj returning a relic he “found” to its rightful owners, Yoris regaining his youth (and his youthful arrogance) and more.  Until the day of the final battle. A larger group of Jark Matter troops attacked and the team was surrounded. Yoris attempted to protect the others with his barrier but the shield couldn’t sustain the strain and shattered. Yoris fell as the troops opened fire.Guten and Buzter attempted to save him but were overwhelmed as well. Mogoier managed to retreat to the base and flew it into the attackers to clear a path, the resulting explosion claimed her life. With no other option the remaining Kyurangers summoned their Voyagers and formed Kyuhosen-Oh but they were caught off guard by the first use of the Big Morimers and the mecha was destroyed with them inside. As the nine fell their Kyutama returned to the stars that spawned them. Now hundreds of years later their spirits return to lend their power and assistance to those who continue the battle against Jark Matter.

[junker-town]

Countdown to March Madness: Champ Week — or where No. 1 seeds are made

We’re digging into the Pac-12, where this weekend’s tournament is anyone’s game.

It’s the time of year where there’s simply too much happening, in the best possible way. The NCAAW regular season wrapped up for most teams over the past weekend, with a few notable upsets (Creighton over Marquette, Arizona State over No. 11 Oregon State, and Texas A&M over Kentucky) and a lot of games where top teams — no doubt burnt out by the grind of the season — had to fight to assert their dominance.

UConn and Baylor in particular found themselves in nail-biters versus unranked South Florida and West Virginia, respectively, on Monday night. UConn, who was missing starter Katie Lou Samuelson after she suffered a back injury (thankfully, it’s not serious), went into the locker room at halftime with just 25 points before edging out a win, 57-47 — one can barely recall those halcyon days when UConn was ruining women’s basketball with their impenetrable dominance. (That said, I probably just jinxed it, and now they’ll win the title.)

Now we’re already in the thick of Champ Week, with the ACC, SEC and Big Ten tournaments having kicked off yesterday. If you’re trying to figure out how to watch, Swish Appeal has helpfully published a schedule of when and where you can find all the conference tournament games.

We dove into the ACC a little bit last week, and the outcomes since have only confirmed what we already knew: the ACC tournament winner is going to dramatically change the way the NCAA women’s basketball tournament bracket looks. Basically, as ESPN notes, if it’s No. 3 Louisville or No. 4 Notre Dame (and as of now, they are the clear top two teams) whoever wins gets to go to the nearby Chicago regional; it’s impossible to forecast anything else about the tournament without having that information.

For more information about the ACC (which, beyond its bracketology implications, is also the most competitive conference in women’s college basketball), check out the Swish Appeal preview, the Women’s Hoops World preview and the AP preview.

Over in the SEC, No. 5 Mississippi State claimed the regular season title on Sunday — but their 68-64 clinching victory over No. 12 South Carolina wasn’t as easy as the Bulldogs would have probably liked. In all likelihood, they’ll have to defeat the Gamecocks — the reigning SEC tournament champions — again if they want to win their first-ever conference title, and make a last-ditch run for a No. 1 seed in the NCAA tournament. Read more at Swish Appeal and from the NCAA; personally, I will probably spend much of the tournament mourning Chennedy Carter’s finger.

The Big Ten also promises tight competition. No. 8 Maryland won the regular season title outright, but lost to No. 10 Iowa — the conference’s No. 2 seed — in the process. Plus, there are a slew of teams in the middle of the pack ready to pull off an upset; last year, as the NCAA notes, over half of Big Ten tournament games were decided by single digits. Swish Appeal, Testudo Times and Women’s Hoops World all previewed this year’s tournament.

This week, our primary focus will be the Pac-12 — a conference that seemed all but locked up until fairly late in the season. Yes, No. 6 Oregon, No. 11 Oregon State and No. 7 Stanford have been nationally-ranked threats almost all season. But for the vast majority of the regular season, including conference play, Oregon kept winning in gaudy fashion — with the exception of an anomalous loss to Michigan State in December — and even today, remains the No. 1 offense in the country per Her Hoop Stats. Sabrina Ionescu racked up seven triple doubles as the team hummed along, even beating a top-10 Stanford by 40 points in February.

Then came what Oregonians refer to as the Civil War (a modification of meaning only really possible in Oregon): Oregon vs. Oregon State, once in Eugene and once in Corvallis. Oregon defended home court handily, but were upset on the road by the Beavers in a 67-62 game where they lost star forward Ruthy Hebard to injury — and didn’t look particularly effective before she went to the bench. They dropped their next game too, to a then-unranked UCLA.

Suddenly, the No. 2-ranked team — the highest national ranking in program history — didn’t look like such a sure thing, while Oregon State, Stanford, No. 20 Arizona State and No. 25 UCLA were surging or at the very least steady. Since, the Ducks have dropped to No. 6; Hebard still isn’t playing at 100 percent, and guard Taylor Chavez is out with a foot injury for the foreseeable future, both serious blows to the team’s depth.

Meanwhile, the tournament looks like it could be a great stage for some of the conference’s less-appreciated talents. At Oregon State, stars Destiny Slocum and Mikayla Pivec have the support of a dangerous backcourt in Aleah Goodman and Kat Tudor.

️ Double-overtime win to wrap up the regular season yesterday! ️ Check out the highlights from our victory over Arizona!#GoBeavs pic.twitter.com/6ixXQEgkh3

— Oregon State WBB (@BeaverWBB) March 4, 2019

The Bruins have Kennedy Burke and Michaela Onyenwere, who are together averaging 33 points and 14 rebounds a game.

Today was special! : https://t.co/ob1RdytJOZ#GoBruins pic.twitter.com/Yt9ah0ppK7

— UCLA W. Basketball (@UCLAWBB) March 4, 2019

Stanford has WNBA-bound sharpshooter Alanna Smith, who’s currently top 20 in the country in both field goals made and blocks — a testament to her hustle.

Alanna Smith finished with 18 points and 11 rebounds in @StanfordWBB's victory. She takes the @OpusBank #12Best moment. pic.twitter.com/VbSh96fh3r

— Pac-12 Network (@Pac12Network) March 2, 2019

And Arizona State has been content to play the spoilsport, without gaudy stats and mostly on the back of senior forward Kianna Ibis — but there’s no telling whose run they could mess up if they got hot at the right time.

Try and defend @Kianna_Ibis No seriously, try pic.twitter.com/hcvSdcdG7p

— Sun Devil WBB (@SunDevilWBB) March 2, 2019

Entering the tournament, Oregon is still the frontrunner. But if you ask the Arizona State team who played them close in Sunday’s regular season finale (66-59, Oregon), the Ducks have weaknesses that a smart team can play off of. Plus, there’s the confidence that comes from knowing Pac-12 have beaten each other, at least by extension: Oregon lost to UCLA who lost to Stanford who lost to Cal who lost to Oregon State, and so on. This weekend’s tournament is anyone’s game.

Games to keep an eye on:

It’s hard not to just say, all of them — but naturally, the weekend’s championships will be must-see TV. You can more or less just set aside your Sunday: title games start with the ACC at 12 p.m., and continue with the SEC at 2 p.m. After a break, it’s the Big Ten at 6 p.m. and then the Pac-12 at 8 p.m. — all on ESPN2, so for once they will be easy to find (times are Eastern).

[snorkelblog]

Grand Cayman Dec 2018

Hello!

Great information here; it was extremely useful. I just returned from 10 days where I stayed near Rum Point, at the Sea Lodges. While this guide is tremendous, I can update.

Unfortunately there was an unusual front that came through midway into our stay that messed up the winds and the chop. But I got enough diving and snorkeling in to make some additions.

First and foremost, the Rum Point area is possibly the best fringing reef left in the Caribbean. Bonaire in 2013 outpaced what we saw at Rum Point now, but I wonder if the decline in Bonaire parallels what the rest of the basin has experienced.

From Sea Lodges all the way to the second bouy at Rum Point (going east to west) the variety and health of the goegonians, sea whips, sea fans, and LPS like brain corals, was fabulous and continuous. Stony corals was more mixed. The Elkhorn forest is gone….all dead remnants. There are maybe 5-6 small patches of both Elkhorn and Staghorn left. Also isolated patches of various purple and plating montiporas.

Large boulder formations were thriving. Saw a wide array of sponges and tunicate, and even a few purple tipped anemones. There are turtles and rays all over (did not see any.spottes eagle rays though). Saw also octopus and squid and all the expected reef fish. The Rum Point area is fabulous.

Starfish Point is sadly, now, gross. Too many ships and people destroying the Starfish, removing from the water. One jerk busted open a large conch then tossed the snail, defenseless, back into the water. Loud music. Just unpleasant. But there are Starfish, and pearly jawfish, there in abundance.

Spotts Beach is much nicer, turtles and rays abound. Sadly the current was too rough but others report very large healthy fringing reef to the east, out from the first large point (facing the water it’s too the left), maybe 150 yds out from the point. But I couldn’t swim against the strong current from the west side and didn’t much want to brave the rocks on a straight out attempt.

There were zero other good spots on the south end of the island. And as for snorkeling, zero else accessible from land.

What once were Barefoot and Queens Monument - Connelly are gone. There is no remaining beach, there are warning signs and chains, and trash/branches everywhere. People go to look but nothing much to see. There’s no access. I am sure there is good fringing reef out there. Need a vessel to access.

There is absolutely no way now to snorkel out to the reef from either location or from Turtles Nest. This from both the dive shop I used and locals. Too dangerous. Too far. And this was not due to the weather. It’s too dangerous and too far. You can snorkel it. But have a boat at the mooring.

East end is worse. Zippo to snorkel.

The diving, that’s another matter. I think the dives I did with Ocean Frontiers surpassed Belize and Roatan, the only non-Pacific area that could compete is Bonaire and that is because Bonaire is mostly shore dives.

I plan to return and will recheck these areas. But if you want to snorkel healthy reef from the beach on GC, I would say it’s pretty much limited to Rum Point and perhaps Spotts.

———————————————————————

Testudo Responds:

Thanks so much for your comments! Glad you got to experieince some of what I think is the better snorkeling GC has to offer. Agree it is some of the best in the Caribbean. While I think Roatan is overall a better snorkeling destination (not been to Bonaire), you get so much variation in environments in GC from Staghorn Forests to Boulder Gardens to Stingrays and Turtles spots, it’s hard to top.

Not sure of the location of the Elkhorn forests you referenced, but the Staghorn Thickets are absolutely thriving off Rum Point. I got worried and went out today to make sure they were not in any decline. They have quardrupled in areas over the last 10 years! You must have missed them on your snorkels. All the more reason to make sure you do return. Elkhorn has never been established in any great mass off Rum Point, at least since Ivan.

Agree Starfish Beach has sadly become a commercialized clusterfuck - floating play grounds, hucksters selling food and more boats than one can imagine. Add the folks removing the starfish from the water and I’m shocked there’s still one or two of these unique creatures left within a quater mile of the point.

As for Queen’s Monument, while the Connolly’s Cove access may be gated, there is a public beach access pathway immediately adjacent to the property folks can use to get to the water. There's never been any meaningful beach there, just a pebble shore. Just now need to park along the roadside.

Barefoot Beach is and reamins a public beach access, just as listed in the guides. While the beach may have eroded from its former Robinson Caruso splender, the snorkeling reamins unchanged and is certainly worth a visit.

Access to the Bodden Town area reef is easily accessible from Governor Morris Public Beach, as outlined in the guides.

Not sure what the dive shop communicated these three areas are only accessible by boat, but is seems in error.

East End’s Charlie’s Shoal is a close to shore, hidden gem and the barrier reef and other dive/snorkle sites like Sunset Reef are accessible for strong swimmers. Plus if you want to see reef sharks, the East End is the place.

Again, none of the spots listed in my guides require boat access for a strong swimmer and experieinced snorkeler, so realy puzzeled by those dive shop comments.

Other areas around the island can be worth a visit. I am partial to Eden Rock in George Town and Cemetary Reef on Seven Mile Beach. Heck, I even enjoy the patch reef at Govenor’s Beach on Seven Mile for the sheer density of marine life on an otherwise desolate section of beach.

When you return, plan a day trip to Little Cayman to enjoy what is in my opinion some of the truly outstanding snorkeling remaining in the Caribbean. I think you’ll be pleased. FWIW, I find the summer months to present the conditions most conducive to a positive snorkeling experience.

Thanks again for your contribution and hope you found the guides to be helpful.

Cheers,

Testudo

[raulf-o]

Attropolis LII - Finalem

As the Roman army regroups between the arrows that are fired by the archers on the walls of Creetus. The Caesar is absolutely furious with the incompetence of his army and their absolute failure to secure a way inside the city. It is a matter of time before they fall! And they will fall! Says Caesar annoyed. Arrows and behind the Caesar, killing one of his generals. They turn around to see a thousand strong Greek, Macedonians and Spartans and a few wounded from the battles they had along the way here. The Caesar takes a deep breath, turns around to his army, notices a few Greek and Spartan ships on the sea approaching Creetus. Hairs on his arm rise, goosebumps all over his body, fists clenched, the most stern look on his face he says… Men! Be ready! Today, we are going to be victorious! And crush these rebellion for the glory of Rome! The army turns around, shields above their heads, they march towards the Greeks, Macedonians and Spartans.

From the wall, one of the men screams at Anus, telling him that they are running towards another army. He realizing this, turns towards his men and tells them to stop burning as they need to help fight the Romans. With spears, shovels and by throwing boulders they take down the fire on one of the streets, to make a passage towards the sea. Anus instructs the archers to remain on the wall if anything happens, he takes a man, whispers in his ear something. And screams at the men he told to keep watch on the wall, now to tell the men he just whispered something to if the Romans approach the doors to the city. They start running through the opening they made.

On the wall of Creetus, the archers fire towards the Roman army as they move towards their opponents. But the Roman army undeterred moves forward attacking the Greeks, Macedonians and Spartans. The horses meet first as they clash in the middle of the battle field. Clashing, dying, falling, grunting, the Caesar was in the middle of it all, feeling alive again after years of peace and serenity. His anger turned into pure fighting energy with a smile on his face he plunges his sword in the meat of those uncivilized enough to fight him and the empire. Two thousand and some more men clashing in the battlefield at Creetus, swords gnashing, dead bodies start to pile up, horses unable to move. All now on equal footing, sword, spear or ax in one hand, a shield in the other launching at each other in their freest moment of their lives for their lives.

In Creetus Anus and his soldiers arrive at the beach, where Roman soldiers are ready to welcome the Greek soldiers. Seeing this opportunity he launches with his men killing them a few of them as quickly as possible, before they turn around and start counter-attacking. But this gives the Greeks the chance to touch down the beach and ambush the Romans. With all their tactical prowess the army of the empire falls short when cornered and surrounded. And after a few hours they surrender and are taken hostage. Anus thanks the Greeks for their assistance and they in turn admire him for his courage. Now with this dealt, he and the Greeks start marching towards the wall of the city to assist the rest of their allies.

Upon almost a thousand dead bodies, under the hot sun, with blood flowing through the ground, tall above them with a sword in his hand, a sweat on his brow, stands Caesar Augustus. With all their might they had pushed back the Greek, Macedonian and Spartan armies. With an adrenaline rush, The Caesar pushes to surround and decimate the rest of their forces, so they can finally focus on the city and the men that had started it all. Standing together with a few hundred Spartans, a few Greeks and Macedonians are fighting for their lives as Augustus is showing no mercy killing whoever stands in his way. Soon the Romans stand victorious. The Caesar without a breath tells a few of his men the men the siege equipment and start firing, as the rest of the army takes a moment to breath and get back into positions.

Anus reaches the wall, a men briefs him on what happened and tells his that the Romans have reached the walls and doors. He instructs a few men to look from the wall where it’s being targeted and take men there to hide and ambush the Roman army. He then instructs the rest to take a breather and get ready, and another to get onto the siege weapon and to be prepared to shoot at the general direction of the door. He then goes to the wall to pull on a giant thick rope that collapses the floor under the Roman soldiers that are at the doors of the city. From over the doors, a few men are pushing down giant boulders to crush the Romans. A few minutes later, the walls start to crack. A few more shots the walls on the side fall.

The Empire’s army comes through, the Creetin army tries to ambush them only to be surprised by a full testudo. In their shock, their adversaries doesn’t hesitate, takes them out quickly. and are now trying to make their way towards the center. But a wall of fire greets them as soon as they start marching. From the wall, Anus is brief that the sides have been compromised, but that they also have stopped sieging. This surprises Anus as he asks for more details. The man on the wall can’t give him any as he can’t see too much due to the smoke that surrounds the city and the battlefield. An hour later from both sides sounds of crashing is heard.

Anus realizing what happens tells his mean to burn down everything and retreat. As he gives the orders, a bolt files by kills a few of his men in front of him and their siege weapon too. With a few over a thousand men, Anus feels trapped in a device of his own making. As he looks to the left, he sees legionnaires, to the right too. He turns back, the soldiers he captured now are free. He is surrounded on all sides. The Romans wait, Anus and his men with spears, axes and swords in hands are shaking as they are standing their ground. The silence is deafening.

Arrows start flying towards the ones defending, between those arrows, bolts and boulders that kill many. Seeing this Anus takes charge and attacks. With a brave scream he charges at the Roman army. They all follow him. Spears meet them followed by their shields. With every push back from the empire, more men die. With every death, the more they pushed. And the cycle as soon as it started, it also ended. Winded, Anus stands with his soul crushed hunched over looking at the spilled blood and wonders to what end. The Caesar comes, looks at the men. Anus raises his vision from the ground, looks at Augustus. Without any hesitation Augustus puts his sword through the man’s heart and tells him that he wasn’t worthy of the death he got. Turning around, he starts speaking… Men! I have promised you glory! And glory is what we got here today! To those that were brave and had died, we owe them gratitude as they died for the glory of Rome! To those still standing with me, brave men, you took upon this journey with me and thus I salute you! Now let the glory of the empire set over these barbarians as we set up north!

The end.

Thank you very much for reading this. It’s been an amazing year, and writing Attropolis has been one of the most fun things I have done. Especially since this is the first year I am doing such an experiment with writing every week a short story. I hope you enjoyed it, I thank you for the thousand of eyes that you have laid on this work. I promise you, next year I will publish new books, new short stories and hopefully more. So stick around. I hope you have an amazing 2020. And again, a big thank you.

Consider supporting on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/RaulFO

[pocketreptile]

What do land turtles eat?

The land turtle has become increasingly common as a companion animal in the home. They are easy to care for and can camp freely around the house without the need for an aquatic environment, so they are much more attractive than water turtles. However, they need to have a terrarium with everything they need (temperature, lighting and bathtub, for example) where they can sleep and rest. In addition, ideally they should be able to be in a courtyard with a garden, as they live better outdoors.

In order for your reptile to be in optimum health, in addition to the environment, you have to take into account what the land turtles eat in order to provide them with a complete and balanced diet.

What do land turtles eat in nature?

Terrestrial turtles follow a mainly vegetarian diet, based on leaves, stems, roots, flowers, seeds and fruits found in nature. You can also eat insects, earthworms, slugs, snails, grasshoppers, etc., depending on the species and occasionally. A very common mistake in the feeding of land turtles as pets is to provide them with a diet with an excess of animal protein, something that is far from their natural diet. Land turtles are also scavengers and eat remains of animal carcasses as well as excrement.

It is impossible to imitate 100% the diet that these animals follow in the wild, but it is very important to try to make it as similar as possible so that they have a good state of health.

Food for land turtles in captivity

Before you know what land turtles eat, you must consider their species, as each one needs to follow a different diet. Mediterranean turtles should not consume any animal, while tropical turtles should, although in a very low percentage and occasionally.

Testudo: 70% of green leafy vegetables, 20% of the rest of vegetables and 10% of flowers or fruits.

Geochelone: 90% green leafy vegetables and 10% other vegetables. Flowers and fruits are offered occasionally as an extra in the diet.

Omnivorous turtles such as Terrapene: 70% vegetables, 10% fruits and 20% animal protein.

Once we know to which genus our land turtle belongs, we must take into account some general conditions:

Foods should have a 2:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus.

Vegetables should be as varied as possible.

In omnivorous turtles, animal protein should be offered only occasionally. In vegetarian turtles, never.

Even knowing what land turtles eat, it is very difficult to provide them with exactly what they need; therefore the diet should be supplemented with calcium, phosphorus and vitamin supplements, necessary to maintain a strong and healthy shell. In order to obtain vitamin D, it is very important to have a little sunlight every day.

Food for land turtles

The food should be offered in small pieces (depending on the size of the turtle), mixed as a salad to eat everything.

An example of a daily diet for a Testudo would be:

70% leafy vegetables: dandelion, clover, spinach, cabbage, chard, lettuce, turnip greens, cabbage, fresh grass, endive, celery leaves. It is not necessary to offer all of them daily, combine a few and change them each day for different ones.

20% fresh vegetables: broccoli, tomato, cauliflower, pumpkin, cucumber.

10% fruit: apple, pear, orange, melon, watermelon, strawberries.

Vitamin and mineral complements in powder, mixed with the meal once a week.

Do not forget the water always available.

Now that you know what land turtles eat, it is important that you know the prohibited foods that can harm their health:

Dangerous foods for land turtles

Legumes and grains: beans, corn, rice, lentils, peas, cookies.

Vegetables: carrots, courgettes, peppers, asparagus, beets. This group can be offered occasionally, but it is preferable to avoid them.

Fruits: banana, grapes, peach, kiwi, apricot.

Mushrooms: mushrooms.

Sugars.

Fodder for land turtles

In theleopardgecko you can find different extruded feeds for turtles such as Trixie and Zoo Med. They are complete and quality foods that allow you to feed your reptile more comfortably and quickly. However, they should never replace fresh vegetables or be the basis of the diet. Ideally, supplement them or use the feed when you don't have enough green leaves.

Now that you know what land turtles eat, give it imagination and create the best and most varied and complete salads for your chelonium.