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diarioelpepazo · 2 years ago

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Harold Capote La temporada de Luis Arráez continúa en gran momento, aunque su promedio descendió de la astronómica cifra de .400, este domingo mantuvo el más alto average de las Grandes Ligas al ligar de 4-2, subir a .382 y lo más importante, sus Marlins de Miami salieron por la puerta victoriosa ante los Rojos de Cincinnati. Para su 2do turno de la jornada, la "Regadera", ligó sencillo ante el abridor escarlata, Luke Weaver, mientras que en el 4to chanche, contra el relevista Alan Busenitz, también dio hit; así consiguió su 14to partido de al menos 2 imparables en el torneo. Asimismo, consiguió sus hits 51 y 52, quedando en la 3ra casilla de este apartado, a 2 de su coterráneo Ronald Acuña Jr. de los Bravos de Atlanta. Luis Arraez siendo el mas listo de la clase, Hit al LF y se mete a segunda. Hoy la regadera ð¿ se fue de 4-2 y sube su promedio a 382 pic.twitter.com/hXIUbDpHrw — VenezolanosMLB (@VzlanosMLB) May 14, 2023 Este fue un partido dominado por los lanzadores, pues el iniciador de los peces, Braxton Garrett, se reencontró luego de ser vapuleado en sus recientes presentaciones, esta vez se mantuvo por 5 entradas de solo 3 indiscutibles cedidos, 1 carrera que fue merecida, dio 1 boleto al tiempo que abanicó a 8. Fueron los Rojos quienes picaron adelante, en el 6to episodio, pero los Marlins igualaron al cierre de ese tramo por intermedio de Jean Segura, con inatrapable que engomó a Bryan De La Cruz desde la segunda, instalado ahí por doble. En la 7ma, Miami fabricó 2 cuando Garrett Hampson fue remolcado por el biangular largado por Garrett Cooper, este también llegó a la goma con sencillo de De La Cruz. La victoria aterrizó en los registros de Tanner Scott (3-1, 4.91), mientras el rescate se lo anexó Dylan Floro (2, 2.95). El traspiés fue responsabilidad de Kevin Herget (1-1, 2.31). Para recibir en tu celular esta y otras informaciones, únete a nuestras redes sociales, síguenos en Instagram, Twitter y Facebook como @DiarioElPepazo El Pepazo/Meridiano

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fatehbaz · 5 years ago

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Barely-surviving remnants of isolated high-elevation pine-oak woodlands as the final refuge for an extinct giant bird: Detailed reports of the last sightings of the imperial woodpecker. Excerpts:

The Imperial Woodpecker Campephilus imperialis is the largest and, if not extinct, rarest woodpecker in the world. [...] Since the only close relative of the Imperial Woodpecker, the Ivory-billed Woodpecker, Campephilus principalis, is almost certainly extinct, the Imperial Woodpecker represented the last hope for saving this lineage of large and specialized woodpeckers. The Mexican Mountain Forest - Imperial Woodpecker Project was set up with a survey for remnant populations of the Imperial Woodpecker as one of its objectives. Between November 1994 and October 1995 potential areas for the Imperial Woodpecker were searched in the field. Furthermore, a total of 62 local inhabitants who had known the Imperial Woodpecker were interviewed to obtain information on the ecology and extinction process of the bird. [...]

[The] original population may have consisted of only 1100 groups. [...] Of the informants, 60% saw their last Imperial Woodpecker within a period of just 20 years, between 1946 and 1965. There were only two localities where no one could recall the Imperial Woodpecker, against 48 localities where an extinction date could be obtained. [...] Judging from interviews and the scant literature, the Imperial Woodpecker was a bird of the relatively flat plateaus in the highest parts of the Sierra Madre Occidental and the western part of the Central Volcanic Belt. The bigger pines and the large snags, on which the bird depended for both foraging and nesting, were present only in these parts of the sierras. Unfortunately, the mesas could easily be exploited by the logging industry. Nowhere in the Sierra Madre Occidental, today, does there remain a continuous old-growth mesa forest as large as 26 km2, the average area estimated to be required by one pair of Imperial Woodpeckers. [...]

There are seven convincing reports of Imperial Woodpecker sightings after 1965, two of which stem from the 1990s. In central Durango, foraging signs were found that were possibly made by an Imperial Woodpecker during the winter of 1994-95. Putting the indications together, it seems possible that two solitary Imperial Woodpeckers survived at least up to 1993 and 1995, respectively. [...]

Accepted reports, 1966-1990 [and] 1991-1995:

(1) [...] Calabazas, southern Durango [...] Last Imperial Woodpeckers around Calabazas could be seen between 1965 and 1970, shortly after a lumber mill opened there in 1965. [...]

(2) [...] Yahuirachic, central Chihuahua [...] around 1970 [...] sightings around 1970 in the vicinity of Cebadilla [...]

(3) [...] Huajumar, central Chihuahua [...] Occurrence of the Imperial Woodpecker in this region around 1980 is confirmed [...]

(4) [...] Forest between Pinos Altos and Ocampo, central Chihuahua [...] A black and white woodpecker the size of a raven that could only be found in the highest parts of the mountains [...] last one in 1980 or 1981 [...]

(5) [...] Parajito (a sawmill on the road to Pielagos), central Durango [...] last birds seen in the vicinity of Parajito between 1980 and 1982 [...]

(6) [...] Rancho La Tinaja de Moreno, northern Sonora [...] [W]andering solitary Imperial Woodpeckers there in 1977, 1990 and 1993. [...] The last two sightings [...] were snag-rich patches of old-growth forest in [...] Sierra Tabaco. [...] Sierra Tabaco holds the only old-growth pine-oak forest in the wide surroundings. [...] This report is considered credible [...]

(7) [...] Arrancabarbas [...] near Pielagos [...] at Mesa Portillos in April or May 1993. [...] The report is supported by the following: 6 km south of Mesa Potrillos, and west of the village of Pielagos, 12 km2 of old-growth mesa pine-oak forest was found in April 1995. In this forest, workings were abundant that could be attributed only to a very large woodpecker. [...]

In some cases, logging and the cutting of snags (which meant a sudden removal of all foraging and breeding sites) seems to have been the main cause of the local extinction of the bird. More often, before all old-growth and snags were logged, Imperial Woodpecker populations had been decimated by loggers and settlers who were armed with affordable .22 rifles. [...] Any chance for recovery from the large scale shooting was cut off by the ensuing modification of 99.4 % of the pine-oak habitat in the Sierra Madre Occidental. [...]

Nelson (1898) reported: “Their range [...] appears to be restricted too the rather narrow belt along the top of the main central ridge of the Sierra Madre which lies above an altitude of 7000 feet [2100 meters].” [...] This occurrence is most likely linked with the species’ habitat preference: forests of large pines with many dead trees. [...] The food item extracted from the dead wood was invariably reported (12 informants) to be big white grubs (gusanos or misticuis), presumably beetle larvae. Five informants described how Imperial Woodpeckers would plunder acorns from the granary trees of Acorn Woodpeckers Melanerpes formicivorus, three of them remembered this as the only foraging activity. [...]

The pine-oak habitat within the original range of the Imperial Woodpecker measured some 103,420 km2 and could have held 8,000 individuals or 1060 groups of seven to eight woodpeckers. This small population dwindled fast. The peak of local extinctions was between 1946 and 1965, when 60 % of the witnesses saw their last Imperial Woodpecker.

These last reported Imperial Woodpeckers appear loosely associated with two of the main old-growth fragments in the Sierra Madre Occidental (one of which has now been logged). They would be widely separated from each other - a distance of 730 km between central Durango and northern Sonora. The woodpeckers would be forced to wander over large areas for foraging, while nowhere does a sufficiently large, continuous area of optimal habitat remain. It is unlikely that there are more lonely wanderers besides the two reported birds, since no indication for the recent existence of Imperial Woodpeckers was found in the other remaining old-growth fragments in the Sierra Madre Occidental. There is no reason to expect the situation to be any better in the western part of the Central Volcanic Belt. In short, a few Imperial Woodpeckers may still exist, but nevertheless extinction of the species seems inevitable.

In all likelihood, all that will be left of the Imperial Woodpecker are some 120 skins in the museum collections of the world (Collar et al. 1992). There are no photos of living birds or sound recordings. Nelson (1898) will remain the main source on the biology of the species. Some of the information from local inhabitants who have known the Imperial Woodpecker, a source that is dying out, has been recorded in Fleming and Baker (1963), Tanner (1964) and this study. As far as the habitat of the bird is concerned, efforts are being made to conserve the only remnant of mesa forest, El Carricito near Bolanos in Jalisco (figure 7). Bolanos is also the probable locality where the type specimens of the Imperial Woodpecker were collected (see Nelson 1898 and Collar et al. 1992 for a discussion). If El Carricito can be effectively protected, future generations will at least be able to see the kind of forest in which the Imperial Woodpecker lived. Appropriately, this monument is located in the very area where the species' brief and fatal encounter with modem civilization began.

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JM Lammertink, JA Rojas-Tome, FM Casillas-Orona, RL Otto. “Status and conservation of old-growth forests and endemic birds in the pine-oak zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.” October 1996.

From separate sources:

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#very detailed and good article #recommend

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