#submarinecables

[sublimeobservationarcade]

Connectivity Is Crucial To Our Future Security

The recent nationwide Optus outage showed us that connectivity is crucial to our future security. Suddenly, everyone felt helpless and reacted with much anger and frustration toward the failing provider. This throws our dependence upon electrical and digitally connected devices into harsh relief. It is not a stretch of the imagination to plot likely scenarios during times of war in this new age of information. Cutting off the population from their institutions and from each other will be achieved via attacking communication infrastructure. This can be done far more easily than many people might think. Photo by Dylan Chan on Pexels.com

Cables Connecting Us To The World

“These cables, only about as thick as a garden hose, are high-tech marvels. The fastest, the newly completed transatlantic cable called Amitié and funded by Microsoft, Meta and others, can carry 400 terabits of data per second. That's 400,000 times faster than your home broadband if you're lucky enough to have high-end gigabit service.” - (https://www.cnet.com/home/internet/features/the-secret-life-of-the-500-cables-that-run-the-internet/) The great majority of data communication is piped through submarine cables and not via overhead satellites. These relatively thin high tech cables span some million kilometres around the world. They sit on ocean floors and carry the vast mass of information flow for the big tech giants Google, Microsoft, Meta and Amazon. These submarine cables connect us all with each other through our myriad devices. There is a geopolitical battle raging right now between the United States and China for control of this network of undersea digital cables. The US is winning this and wants to ensure that China remains a minor player. “The European Union's executive wants to help invest in "cable projects of European interest" that would reduce its reliance on too few undersea internet connections and make it less vulnerable to sabotage, a document seen by POLITICO showed.” - (https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-looks-to-boost-secure-submarine-internet-cables-in-2024/) Photo by Sora Shimazaki on Pexels.com Cabling Connecting & Surveiling There is an understanding through the whistleblowing efforts of former NSA operative Edward Snowden that US spy agencies monitor data via these submarine cables of the big tech companies. The realisation that China is probably doing the same is one of the reasons why the push is on to freeze China out of the game. These lengthy cables require signal repeaters or boosters and it is suspected that these pieces of technology are where surveillance technology has been added to the cable network. Thus, we are seeing Chinese cabling deals quashed under pressure from the US in the South Pacific and around the globe. America wants to maintain its grip on the Internet internationally. The maintenance of these relatively fragile cables is a major component of the cabling network business. Companies tender for contracts to provide maintenance. Many of the companies that lay and maintain submarine cables have strong links to the security agencies. Maintenance provides opportunities to insert surveillance technology to that cable. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUlGRBmv_IM Five Eyes & Chinese Hacking The Five Eyes intelligence alliance has recently come out and publicly pointed the finger at China as the state sponsored home of hacking. This Western group of spy agencies tells us that China has been hacking secrets from US companies for decades and the clear message is that it cannot be trusted. “The Five Eyes countries' intelligence chiefs came together on Tuesday to accuse China of intellectual property theft and using artificial intelligence for hacking and spying against the nations, in a rare joint statement by the allies. The officials from the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand - known as the Five Eyes intelligence sharing network - made the comments following meetings with private companies in the U.S. innovation hub Silicon Valley.” - (https://www.reuters.com/world/five-eyes-intelligence-chiefs-warn-chinas-theft-intellectual-property-2023-10-18/) Photo by Monstera Production on Pexels.com China’s position as a global economic superpower is accompanied by its political position as a totalitarian regime with Xi Jinping as dictator. This makes many in the West uncomfortable for a number of reasons. China’s massive increase to its military capabilities only adds to this. Therefore, the geopolitical push to keep China out of various security arrangements internationally can be understood on this basis. However, it is equally foolish to assume that the US keeps its security concerns completely separate from its trade interests. Western powers have mixed business with so-called national security concerns from the outset in global affairs. Economic and military power go hand in hand. This is about dominance on the world stage first and foremost. Competing powers always declare the other guy the bad guy in any dispute. President Trump Postlaunch Remarks (NHQ202005300037) by NASA HQ PHOTO is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0 Another Dictator on The Horizon When thinking about who are the bad guys, there is the shadow of one Donald J Trump looming over the USA in 2024 and beyond. A Trump presidency, especially a revenge presidency, poses the threat of untold dangers to world peace. A proven liar and fraud, Trump is a major risk to the safety of humanity. There are enough bad guys in prominent positions, like Putin, to go adding an immoral loon to the top job in the White House once again. The GOP has morphed into an extremist autocratic political party hell bent on Trump or destruction. The delineation between bad and good actors on the global stage is getting less clear by the day. Right wing media organisations like News Corp are directly complicit in the push for Trump. Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com South Pacific Submarine Cabling Australia has been shoring up its South Pacific security relationships of late. These submarine cables make an appearance in the Soloman Islands situation with a Chinese deal sunk in 2017 and replaced by a US one the following year. The geopolitical dance, between the superpowers, has been island hopping here with visits by a cavalcade of foreign ministers. Anthony Albanese has been seen hula dancing and money is being spent on these tiny island nations by middling and super powers. Photo by Jonathan Cooper on Pexels.com Connectivity is crucial to our future security. AUKUS may not be the only submarine concern that we have, as an island nation ourselves. Thinking about how easy it will be to go around cutting cables and disabling communication networks - modern warfare will be a lot about connectivity. Our security is very much tied up with this sense of staying in communication with each other and our important institutions. Protecting these submarine cables will be vital to achieving this. Robert Sudha Hamilton is the author of Money Matters: Navigating Credit, Debt, and Financial Freedom.  ©MidasWord Read the full article

[nec-india]

NEC Corporation India has achieved a significant milestone by successfully completing the flagship optical submarine cable system, establishing a crucial connection between Kochi and the Lakshadweep Islands. The KLI Submarine Cable System has delivered a transformative shift in internet accessibility for a cluster of 11 Lakshadweep Islands. With this project, NEC India has brought high-speed internet to the Lakshadweep Islands, opening doors of opportunities for various sectors such as telemedicine, e-governance, tourism, education, digital banking and more.

[lucy20kart]

The cables that are laid for telecommunication and underwater communication are laid beneath the ocean's surface.

Read More@ https://tradove.com/blog/Modern-Submarine-Cables-Use-Optical-Fiber-Technology-to-Carry-Digital-Data-Which-Includes-Telephone-Internet-and-Private-Data-Traffic.html

#InformationandCommunicationTechnology #SubmarineCables #Cables #communication #Telephone #telegraph #icebergs

[iilssnet]

Freedoms of Third States on the continental shelf of other states based on the law of the sea and customary international law

(a) Submarine Cables and Pipelines With respect to the freedom of use on the continental shelf, Article 79(1) stipulates that all States are entitled to lay submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf. In practice, submarine cables are divided into two main categories: submarine power cables used to transmit electricity, and submarine communication cables used to transmit data communications traffic. At present, the overwhelming majority of the world’s international telecommunication relies on submarine fibre-optic cables, and submarine telecommunication cables have become a critical global communications infrastructure. The oil and gas pipeline is also of crucial importance as a reliable means of energy transport. The delineation of the course for the laying of such pipelines on the continental shelf is subject to the consent of the coastal State pursuant to Article 79(3). Taken literally, the omission of submarine cables in this provision signifies that the delineation of the course for submarine cables is not subject to the consent of the coastal State. In reality, however, some coastal States require consent when third parties lay submarine cables in their EEZs or on their continental shelves. Under Article 79(4), the coastal State has the right to establish conditions for cables or pipelines entering its territory or territorial sea. It can be argued that conditions for laying pipelines under Article 79(4) cover the enactment of legal requirement for protecting the environment. Under the same provision, the coastal State also has jurisdiction over the cables and pipelines constructed or used in connection with the exploration of its continental shelf, exploitation of its resources or the operations of artificial islands, installations and structures under its jurisdiction. Under Article 79(2), the coastal State has rights to take reasonable measures for: (i) the exploration of the continental shelf, (ii) the exploitation of its natural resources, and (iii) the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from pipelines, although it may not impede the laying or maintenance of such cables or pipelines. Thus, if a coastal State considers the laying of a pipeline on its continental shelf problematic, it can take reasonable measures to protect its interests in accordance with Article 79(2). In this connection, it is to be noted that while the first two types of measure apply to both submarine cables and pipelines, the third type of measure, i.e. for the prevention of marine pollution, does not apply to submarine cables. While the scope of ‘reasonable measures’ is not wholly unambiguous, it would seem reasonable for a coastal State to take measures to restrict the laying of submarine cables in environmentally sensitive areas, such as coral reefs or areas that have been designated for the exploitation of hydrocarbons on the continental shelf. (b) The Judicial Nature of the Superjacent Waters Above the Continental Shelf In considering freedoms of third States, some mention should be made of the judicial nature of the superjacent waters above the continental shelf. Following Article 3 of the Convention on the Continental Shelf, Article 78(1) of the LOSC provides that the rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not affect the legal status of the superjacent waters or of the airspace above those waters. It follows that where the coastal State has not claimed an EEZ, the superjacent waters above the continental shelf are the high seas. Where the coastal State has established an EEZ, the superjacent waters above the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles are always the high seas under the LOSC. Hence all States enjoy the freedoms of navigation and fishing in the superjacent waters of the continental shelf and the freedom of overflight in the airspace above those waters. However, it must be noted that freedoms of third States may be qualified by the coastal State in the superjacent water of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. First, the coastal State has exclusive jurisdiction over the construction of artificial islands as well as installations and structures on the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles by virtue of Article 80 of the LOSC. In practice, artificial islands and other installations are constructed in superjacent waters above the continental shelf. It would seem to follow that freedom to construct artificial islands may be qualified by the coastal State jurisdiction, even though literally the superjacent waters of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles are the high seas. Second, in practice, coastal States explore and exploit natural resources on the continental shelf from the superjacent waters above the continental shelf. Accordingly, it appears inescapable that the coastal State excises its jurisdiction in the superjacent waters above the continental shelf for the purpose of the exploration and exploitation of natural resources. In fact, Article 111(2) of the LOSC provides the right of hot pursuit in respect of violations on the continental shelf, including safety zones around continental shelf installations, of the laws and regulations of the coastal State applicable to the continental shelf, including such safety zones. In practice, safety zones are established on the superjacent waters of the continental shelf. It would seem to follow that the coastal State jurisdiction relating to the exploration and exploitation of the continental shelf is to be exercised at least in safety zones on the superjacent waters of the shelf. Third, as noted, the coastal State has jurisdiction with regard to marine scientific research on the continental shelf under Articles 56(1)(b)(ii) and 246(1) of the LOSC, and such research on the continental shelf is to be conducted with the consent of the coastal State pursuant to Article 246(2). On the other hand, Article 257 of the LOSC provides that all States have the right to conduct marine scientific research in the water column beyond the limits of the EEZ ‘in conformity with this Convention’. A question arises of whether the complete freedom of marine scientific research applies to superjacent waters of the continental shelf. According to a literal interpretation, consent under Article 246(2) seems to be required only for research physically taking place on the sea floor. Considering that normally marine scientific research is carried out from the superjacent waters or airspace above the continental shelf, however, it appears to be naïve to consider that coastal States will not exercise their jurisdiction to regulate marine scientific research there. In summary, it appears that in some respects the freedom of the high seas may be qualified by coastal State jurisdiction in the superjacent waters above the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and the airspace above the waters. To this extent, their legal status should be distinguished from the high seas per se. Read the full article

[its-feena]

#Repost @terraplanamcz @download.ins --- 11/09/2001 esta foi a data que particularmente comecei a despertar e fazer minhas próprias pesquisas sobre a Elite dominante. Nunca houve AVIÕES. Esta é a segunda maior fraude da história perdendo apenas para o "pouso do homem à lua". Inúmeros Engenheiros já constataram que é impossível aviões derrubarem um prédio com a altíssima qualidade na execução do projeto estrutural em aço. 95% da população mundial acredita que O WTC foi derrubado por aviões. Tudo que vemos foi pela TV. A tática utilizada para o engano foi CGI E HOLOGRAMAS. WTC foi implodido. Os explosivos foram estrategicamente muito bem posicionados. Um dos maiores sacrifícios ritualístico oculto em massa. #flatearth #spaceisfake #nasahoax #nasafake #earthisflat #earthisflatandstationary #elitelies #governmentlies #censorship #agenda21 #mindcontrol #openyoureyes #antarctica #openyourmind #fakespace #nasalies #submarinecables https://www.instagram.com/p/CFQTCH9Hjmr/?igshid=1vo8fg9tsbdkg

[1xtechnologies]

Submarine Power Cable Specification  [submarine power cable catalogue, PDF, PPT] https://1xtechnologies.com/submarine-cable/ When it comes to Submarine Power Cable Specification or submarine power cable catalogue, there is nearly an unlimited array of options you can choose for your project. We supply you with such a wide array of different Submarine Cable Specifications that you can literally dream it and we will make your vision a reality in submarine power cables. Your specification may call for differences in armor, conductors, jacket style, or many other changes that will make your submarine cable specification one of a kind. #SubmarineCable #sunday #electrician #electricalengineering #electrical #electricity #manufacturing #industrial #buildingwire #contractor #construction #ocean #undersea #power #supplychain #supplychainmanagement #logistics #madeinusa #signal #transmission https://www.instagram.com/p/BvsYunvhLwD/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=15gobd2r6n0wi

[engineeringandarchitecture]

Cross-section of submarine power cable A submarine power cable is a transmission cable for carrying electric power below the surface of the water. These are called "submarine" because they usually carry electric power beneath salt water (arms of the ocean, seas, straits, etc.) but it is also possible to use submarine power cables beneath fresh water (large lakes and rivers). #submarinecable #electricpower #electricalengineering #engineering #submarine #energy #ocean #seas #strait #lake #river #electricpowertransmission #electrical #windfarm #opticalfiber https://www.instagram.com/p/CPddmiZl4kQ/?utm_medium=tumblr

[hawaiitech]

The addition of this fiber infrastructure, which is the newest inter-island system serving Hawaii, will increase @HawaiianTelcom's fiber footprint by more than 400 miles. #hawaiiantelcom #submarinecable #broadband https://www.instagram.com/p/CIP8TxoD6Cl/?igshid=1j2wy27hru5qx

[robertbercovitz]

What a great blog post ... geeking out over http://www.submarinecablemap.com/

[erikoeu]

Berssma orang2 yang tangguh #submarinecable #sorong ke #pulaudoom (di Pelabuhan Laut Sorong)

[estherpizarro]

esther_pizarro_ Liquid Mapping :: connected to.. Drawings #liquidmappingconnectedto #estherpizarro #poncerobles #mapping #connectivity#bigdata #infomationalfreeways #complexity #submarinecable #drawings #submarinecable

[digitalrealty]

Attending #SubseaAmericas? Join SVP, Network Solutions, Mike DeVito at 3:30 PM to learn about the advantages direct #DataCenter connections present to #SubmarineCable systems. Connect with the team at events@digitalrealty.com to schedule a meeting. pic.twitter.com/L3SqSdeea9

— Digital Realty (@digitalrealty) December 4, 2018

via @digitalrealty

[zmscable-blog]

http://www.zmscable.com/submarinecable/1045.html

[abantech-blog]

Submarine cable: its 160 Tbps the largest capacity linking Sopela (Vizcaya) and Virginia.

Internet users do not have to worry more than to turn on our laptop, smartphone or tablet and open the browser to connect to any web in the world The Atlantic Ocean has in its background numerous submarine cables that ensure connections between both sides of the pool...

#Submarinecable #160Tbps #Abantech #Submarinecableits160Tbps #SubmarinecableAtlanticOcean

[1xtechnologies]

High Voltage Submarine Power Cable  [hvdc submarine power cable manufacturers] https://1xtechnologies.com/submarine-cable/ Supplying you with the very best High Voltage submarine power cable manufactured using the highest quality equipment and manufacturing techniques ensuring you are buying a cable that will last a lifetime. Supplying cables to meet global demand for energy is growing by more than a third over the period to 2035 (IEA World Energy Outlook, 2012). This has great significance for the distribution of power through the development of greater subsea high voltage submarine power cable. Call 1-888-651-9990 to order your submarine power cable. #SubmarineCable #wire #cable #electrician #electricity #manufacturing #distributor #contractor #power #energy #industrial https://www.instagram.com/p/Bvo712xBVwb/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1ag20oqs9u6o4

[1xtechnologies]

#SubmarineCable #industrial #industrialcable #oilfield #oilandgas #energy #oil #rig #ocean #oceanrig #oilrig #cable #cables #power #electricalcables #dredge #dredgingprojects #contractor #construction #electricalwires #electrician #electricalengineering #electricity #art #beast #voltage #customcables#mining #minepower https://www.instagram.com/p/BwMGYURhnUz/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=q9945dbmyozm