#steel rebar
Explore tagged Tumblr posts
shashipundir · 3 days ago
Text
Fiberglass Rebar - The Future of Concrete Reinforcement
Introduction Did you know that corrosion-related damage in reinforced concrete structures costs billions of dollars annually? What if there was a way to eliminate rust completely? Meet Fiberglass Rebar (GFRP) – a revolutionary alternative to traditional steel reinforcement that offers high strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. We will look what fiberglass rebar is, its advantages,…
0 notes
chemanalystdata · 21 days ago
Text
Steel Rebar Prices, News, Trend, Graph, Chart, Monitor and Forecast
The global steel rebar market is a crucial component of the construction and infrastructure industries, as it provides reinforcement for concrete structures, ensuring durability and stability. The market for steel rebar has been experiencing significant fluctuations due to various factors, including raw material costs, supply chain disruptions, government policies, and economic conditions. One of the most critical factors influencing steel rebar prices is the cost of iron ore and scrap metal, both of which are primary raw materials used in the production of steel reinforcement bars. As demand for steel rises globally, especially in emerging economies with ongoing infrastructure projects, the prices of iron ore and scrap metal tend to increase, directly impacting the overall cost of steel rebar. Additionally, energy costs associated with the production process play a pivotal role in determining market prices. Steel manufacturing is an energy-intensive process that relies on electricity and fuel, both of which have been subject to volatility due to geopolitical tensions, supply chain issues, and fluctuating demand.
Another key factor affecting the steel rebar market is the level of demand from the construction and infrastructure sectors. Countries with large-scale projects such as roads, bridges, commercial buildings, and residential developments create sustained demand for steel rebar, causing prices to rise. In contrast, economic downturns or delays in infrastructure projects often lead to reduced demand, causing prices to stabilize or decline. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many construction projects were halted or delayed, leading to a significant dip in steel rebar demand and, subsequently, a decline in prices. However, as economies recovered and governments introduced stimulus packages focused on infrastructure development, the demand for steel rebars surged once again, contributing to price hikes.
Get Real time Prices for Steel Rebar: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/steel-rebar-1441
Trade policies and import-export regulations also play a significant role in determining steel rebar prices. Many countries impose tariffs and anti-dumping duties on steel imports to protect domestic manufacturers. These measures, while beneficial for local steel producers, often lead to increased prices for consumers due to reduced competition in the market. For instance, the United States has implemented tariffs on steel imports from various countries, which has driven domestic steel prices upward. Similarly, China, the world's largest steel producer and consumer, frequently adjusts its export policies based on domestic demand and global market conditions. Any export restrictions or surges in supply from China have a direct impact on global steel rebar prices.
Supply chain disruptions have also been a recurring challenge in the steel rebar market. The global steel industry is heavily reliant on the seamless movement of raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished goods across various regions. Any disruption, such as shipping delays, labor strikes, port congestion, or geopolitical conflicts, can lead to supply shortages and price hikes. The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, for example, has impacted the global steel supply chain, as both countries are significant producers of steel and raw materials used in its production. This has led to volatility in steel rebar prices, particularly in European markets that depend on imports from these regions.
Sustainability trends and environmental regulations have also influenced steel rebar prices in recent years. Governments and industries worldwide are increasingly adopting eco-friendly practices, reducing carbon emissions, and investing in green steel production methods. The shift towards electric arc furnaces (EAFs), which use recycled scrap metal instead of traditional blast furnaces, is one such initiative aimed at reducing the environmental impact of steel production. While these changes contribute to a more sustainable industry, they also require significant investments in technology and infrastructure, which can lead to increased production costs and, consequently, higher steel rebar prices.
Currency fluctuations and global economic conditions further impact the steel rebar market. Since steel is traded internationally, exchange rates play a crucial role in determining the cost of imports and exports. A strong US dollar, for example, can make steel imports more expensive for countries with weaker currencies, thereby affecting overall demand and pricing dynamics. Additionally, inflationary pressures and interest rate hikes can influence construction activity, as higher borrowing costs may lead to reduced investments in infrastructure projects, indirectly affecting steel rebar prices.
The regional dynamics of the steel rebar market also vary significantly. In Asia-Pacific, China, India, and Japan dominate steel production and consumption. China, being the largest steel producer, often dictates market trends, and any changes in its production policies, environmental regulations, or domestic demand have a ripple effect on global prices. India, with its rapidly growing infrastructure sector, has also emerged as a key player in the steel rebar market, with increasing domestic demand and production capabilities. In North America, the United States and Canada are major consumers, with strong demand driven by government-led infrastructure projects. The US Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, for instance, has contributed to a surge in steel demand, impacting prices. In Europe, stringent environmental regulations and decarbonization initiatives are shaping the future of the steel industry, with an emphasis on sustainable production methods.
Future trends in the steel rebar market indicate a continued focus on innovation and efficiency. The adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques, such as automation and digitalization, is expected to enhance production efficiency and reduce costs in the long run. Additionally, the push for alternative materials and composite reinforcements in construction may impact the demand for traditional steel rebar. However, given the indispensable role of steel in infrastructure and construction, the market is expected to remain strong, with price fluctuations driven by macroeconomic and geopolitical factors.
In conclusion, the steel rebar market remains dynamic, influenced by raw material costs, supply chain challenges, trade policies, sustainability trends, and regional demand variations. While price fluctuations are inevitable, the long-term outlook for the industry remains positive, driven by ongoing infrastructure developments and technological advancements. Stakeholders in the steel rebar market must closely monitor these factors to make informed decisions and navigate the evolving landscape effectively. 
Contact Us:
ChemAnalyst
GmbH - S-01, 2.floor, Subbelrather Straße,
15a Cologne, 50823, Germany
Call: +49-221-6505-8833
Website: https://www.chemanalyst.com
0 notes
rohitacumen · 6 months ago
Text
Steel Rebar Market to Register Stunning CAGR 5.9% between Forecast Period
The Global Steel Rebar Market Size was valued at USD 247.2 Billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach USD 411.3 Billion by 2032 with a CAGR of 5.9% from 2024 to 2032. The significant STEEL REBAR market document gives wide-ranging analysis of the market structure and the evaluations of the various segments and sub-segments of the industry. This market report takes into account the comprehension…
Tumblr media
View On WordPress
0 notes
tata-tiscon · 2 years ago
Text
Best TMT Bars, Rebars & Stirrups Suppliers in India | Tata Tiscon
Tata Tiscon offers high-quality TMT bars, rebars, and stirrups for superior strength, earthquake resistance, and reliable construction projects, ensuring a strong and secure home. For more details visit https://tatatiscon.co.in/about-us
0 notes
rotisseries · 8 months ago
Text
on this week's installment of "rori is an absolute menace of a fic reader for no reason" if you tell me a character snapped an inch thick piece of rebar I WILL be fact checking rebar sizes and expressing my disbelief to the mutual I'm live reacting to😐😐😐
7 notes · View notes
dladto · 2 years ago
Photo
Tumblr media
The Number and Letters Meaning on Rebar Coupler
The first B is the processing technology (rib rolling type straight thread sleeve)
The second B is the standard type of coupler(if it is F, means it is the positive and negative type coupler; if it is Y, it is the different-diameter type coupler, which is usually called the variable-diameter type and they are listed on page 5 of the JG/T 163-2013 national industry standard)
"4" is HRB400/HRB400E hot rolled ribbed steel bar.
"25" is the steel bar model.
GLUS refers to the manufacturer's unique logo or trademark.
2007 refers to the batch number of the current batch of sockets (it changed annually or quarterly)
Changsha DLADTO Rebar Splice Co., Ltd is a professional rebar coupler producer, we have been in this field for a long time with customers for all over the world. If you have any inquiry, welcome to contact us.
3 notes · View notes
javierthc · 2 years ago
Text
Tumblr media
5 notes · View notes
kay2xenox · 3 days ago
Text
Tumblr media
Kay2 Xenox TMT Bars - Make Your Choice Wisely
Among countless claims of being the 'best,' Kay2 Xenox TMT Bar stands out as the first choice for all—proven, tested, and trusted for its unmatched strength and reliability.
0 notes
rathod-24 · 4 days ago
Text
Rebarring Fixing Services in Maharashtra | Construction Fixing 9923437177
Get Expert Rebarring Fixing Contractors Services in Maharashtra with SB Demolition. We Ensure Strong, Safe Structural Reinforcement For All Types Of Construction Projects.
0 notes
siliconeccanada20 · 4 days ago
Text
Toronto’s Best Rebar Detailing Services For Accurate Placement of Reinforcement Bars
Tumblr media
Silicon Engineering Consultants Canada is the top searched and the first choice in the Canadian AEC Industry for outsourcing structural engineering projects' Rebar Detailing Services requirements at the most competitive rates. Our skilled rebar detailers produce comprehensive Rebar placement drawings that include all the intricate structural details regarding rebar positioning and concrete structural design, utilizing the most advanced 3D Rebar Modeling Software in the worldwide construction industry. Discover how our superior CAD Drawing Services can improve the constructability and longevity of your forthcoming construction project. Our team of highly skilled rebar detailers is dedicated to producing comprehensive rebar placement drawings that meticulously outline all essential structural details pertaining to the positioning of rebar within concrete elements. These drawings are essential for ensuring the structural integrity and performance of reinforced concrete structures. We employ state-of-the-art 3D Rebar Modeling Software, which is widely regarded as a cutting-edge tool within the global construction industry, to accurately visualize and optimize the arrangement of rebar, thereby facilitating precise coordination among various design and construction disciplines. 
Our Services
Rebar Shop Drawings and Bar Bending Schedules
3D Rebar Modeling and Coordination
Structural Rebar Detailing Services
Retaining Wall, Reinforced Concrete Design, and Column Rebar Detailing
Rebar Placement Drawing Services
Our advanced Rebar CAD Drawing Services are specifically tailored to enhance constructability in projects across Canada, including cities like Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg, Halifax, and Victoria. We ensure precise alignment of rebar placements with the overall concrete structural design, which not only bolsters the structural integrity and longevity of your upcoming construction project but also reduces the likelihood of expensive delays and rework during the construction phase. By focusing on seamless integration and accuracy, we help you achieve a more efficient and successful project outcome, no matter where you are in Canada.
For Outsourcing Rebar Detailing 
0 notes
chemanalystdata · 21 days ago
Text
Steel Rebar Prices, News, Trend, Graph, Chart, Monitor and Forecast
 The global steel rebar market is a crucial component of the construction and infrastructure industries, as it provides reinforcement for concrete structures, ensuring durability and stability. The market for steel rebar has been experiencing significant fluctuations due to various factors, including raw material costs, supply chain disruptions, government policies, and economic conditions. One of the most critical factors influencing steel rebar prices is the cost of iron ore and scrap metal, both of which are primary raw materials used in the production of steel reinforcement bars. As demand for steel rises globally, especially in emerging economies with ongoing infrastructure projects, the prices of iron ore and scrap metal tend to increase, directly impacting the overall cost of steel rebar. Additionally, energy costs associated with the production process play a pivotal role in determining market prices. Steel manufacturing is an energy-intensive process that relies on electricity and fuel, both of which have been subject to volatility due to geopolitical tensions, supply chain issues, and fluctuating demand.
Another key factor affecting the steel rebar market is the level of demand from the construction and infrastructure sectors. Countries with large-scale projects such as roads, bridges, commercial buildings, and residential developments create sustained demand for steel rebar, causing prices to rise. In contrast, economic downturns or delays in infrastructure projects often lead to reduced demand, causing prices to stabilize or decline. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many construction projects were halted or delayed, leading to a significant dip in steel rebar demand and, subsequently, a decline in prices. However, as economies recovered and governments introduced stimulus packages focused on infrastructure development, the demand for steel rebars surged once again, contributing to price hikes.
Get Real time Prices for Steel Rebar: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/steel-rebar-1441
Trade policies and import-export regulations also play a significant role in determining steel rebar prices. Many countries impose tariffs and anti-dumping duties on steel imports to protect domestic manufacturers. These measures, while beneficial for local steel producers, often lead to increased prices for consumers due to reduced competition in the market. For instance, the United States has implemented tariffs on steel imports from various countries, which has driven domestic steel prices upward. Similarly, China, the world's largest steel producer and consumer, frequently adjusts its export policies based on domestic demand and global market conditions. Any export restrictions or surges in supply from China have a direct impact on global steel rebar prices.
Supply chain disruptions have also been a recurring challenge in the steel rebar market. The global steel industry is heavily reliant on the seamless movement of raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished goods across various regions. Any disruption, such as shipping delays, labor strikes, port congestion, or geopolitical conflicts, can lead to supply shortages and price hikes. The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, for example, has impacted the global steel supply chain, as both countries are significant producers of steel and raw materials used in its production. This has led to volatility in steel rebar prices, particularly in European markets that depend on imports from these regions.
Sustainability trends and environmental regulations have also influenced steel rebar prices in recent years. Governments and industries worldwide are increasingly adopting eco-friendly practices, reducing carbon emissions, and investing in green steel production methods. The shift towards electric arc furnaces (EAFs), which use recycled scrap metal instead of traditional blast furnaces, is one such initiative aimed at reducing the environmental impact of steel production. While these changes contribute to a more sustainable industry, they also require significant investments in technology and infrastructure, which can lead to increased production costs and, consequently, higher steel rebar prices.
Currency fluctuations and global economic conditions further impact the steel rebar market. Since steel is traded internationally, exchange rates play a crucial role in determining the cost of imports and exports. A strong US dollar, for example, can make steel imports more expensive for countries with weaker currencies, thereby affecting overall demand and pricing dynamics. Additionally, inflationary pressures and interest rate hikes can influence construction activity, as higher borrowing costs may lead to reduced investments in infrastructure projects, indirectly affecting steel rebar prices.
The regional dynamics of the steel rebar market also vary significantly. In Asia-Pacific, China, India, and Japan dominate steel production and consumption. China, being the largest steel producer, often dictates market trends, and any changes in its production policies, environmental regulations, or domestic demand have a ripple effect on global prices. India, with its rapidly growing infrastructure sector, has also emerged as a key player in the steel rebar market, with increasing domestic demand and production capabilities. In North America, the United States and Canada are major consumers, with strong demand driven by government-led infrastructure projects. The US Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, for instance, has contributed to a surge in steel demand, impacting prices. In Europe, stringent environmental regulations and decarbonization initiatives are shaping the future of the steel industry, with an emphasis on sustainable production methods.
Future trends in the steel rebar market indicate a continued focus on innovation and efficiency. The adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques, such as automation and digitalization, is expected to enhance production efficiency and reduce costs in the long run. Additionally, the push for alternative materials and composite reinforcements in construction may impact the demand for traditional steel rebar. However, given the indispensable role of steel in infrastructure and construction, the market is expected to remain strong, with price fluctuations driven by macroeconomic and geopolitical factors.
In conclusion, the steel rebar market remains dynamic, influenced by raw material costs, supply chain challenges, trade policies, sustainability trends, and regional demand variations. While price fluctuations are inevitable, the long-term outlook for the industry remains positive, driven by ongoing infrastructure developments and technological advancements. Stakeholders in the steel rebar market must closely monitor these factors to make informed decisions and navigate the evolving landscape effectively. 
Contact Us:
ChemAnalyst
GmbH - S-01, 2.floor, Subbelrather Straße,
15a Cologne, 50823, Germany
Call: +49-221-6505-8833
Website: https://www.chemanalyst.com
0 notes
yimarcgroup · 1 month ago
Text
Steel Rebar Market Size, Share, Growth, Price Forecast 2025-2033
The Steel Rebar Market Report is expected to experience significant growth from 2025 to 2033, driven by increasing demand in construction and infrastructure projects. Factors like urbanization, infrastructure development, and rising construction activities globally are anticipated to boost market size, with evolving prices and trends influencing market dynamics during this period.
0 notes
tata-tiscon · 2 years ago
Text
https://tatatiscon.co.in/
Get Tata Tiscon TMT Bars, Rebars, and Stirrups online for superior strength and earthquake resistance to make your dream home stronger and safer. To purchase Tata Tiscon TMT bars, rebars, and stirrups, visit https://tatatiscon.co.in/contact-us
0 notes
industrynewsupdates · 1 month ago
Text
A Comprehensive Overview of Steel Rebar Market Landscape
The global steel rebar market size is expected to reach USD 415.79 billion by 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc., expanding at a CAGR of 4.9% from 2022 to 2030. Increasing investments in infrastructure revamping projects and construction activities are anticipated to drive the market over the forecast period.
Various infrastructure redevelopment projects dedicated to fueling economic growth across the world are projected to augment the demand for steel rebar during the forecast period. For instance, the Spanish government announced the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan to stimulate the economy from the crisis caused by the pandemic. Under the recovery plan, Spain is expected to receive USD 74.26 billion as a grant and USD 74.80 billion as a loan from the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). Out of the total amount to be received, 15% is expected to be spent on infrastructure development projects in the country.
In addition, rising investments in residential and non-residential construction activities across developing economies are projected to drive the market across the forecast period. For instance, in February 2022, Godrej Properties announced plans to make an investment of around INR 7,500 crore (~USD 937.3 million) in the next 1-1.5 years in the development and acquisition of new housing and commercial real estate projects in Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, and Pune.
The Asia Pacific held the largest revenue share in 2021 and the trend is expected to continue over the coming years. The infrastructure development projects announced by various governments of the region are anticipated to boost the demand during the forecast period. For instance, in March 2022, the Ministry for Road Transport and Highways, India inaugurated 19 National Highway projects worth USD 183.9 million in the states of Rajasthan and Haryana.
The market is subjected to high competition with the presence of several international and local players. The players indulge in various strategies including mergers & acquisitions, capacity expansions, and joint ventures to stay ahead of the competition. For instance, in January 2022, CMC announced the construction of a new state-of-the-art “rebar-centric” micro steel mill in the eastern U.S., which is expected to get completed by 2024.
Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Steel Rebar Market
Steel Rebar Market Report Highlights
• Based on application, construction accounted for a revenue share of more than 55.0% in 2021, and this trend is expected to continue across the forecast period on account of rising construction activities across various economies
• The Asia Pacific held a revenue share of over 60.0% in 2021. Growing construction spending on public infrastructure, coupled with commercial sectors, is propelling the product demand
• Rising carbon footprints from the steel industry are compelling established players to switch to less energy-consuming methods. For instance, in April 2022, Nippon Steel Corporation acquired two Thailand-based EAF steelmakers for a sum of around USD 477 million. This acquisition is a step by Nippon Steel Corporation to cut its reliance on blast furnaces and reduce harmful emissions
• Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars are likely to substitute steel rebars owing to their high strength, lightweight, thermal resistance, and high corrosion resistance. The corrosive nature of the steel rebars impacts the lifespan of reinforced concrete structures
Steel Rebar Market Segmentation
Grand View Research has segmented the global steel rebar market based on application and region
Steel Rebar Application Outlook (Volume, Kilotons, Revenue, USD Million, 2017 - 2030)
• Construction
• Infrastructure
• Industrial
Steel Rebar Regional Outlook (Volume, Kilotons, Revenue, USD Million, 2017 - 2030)
• North America
o U.S.
o Canada
o Mexico
• Europe
o Germany
o U.K.
o France
o Russia
o Turkey
• Asia Pacific
o China
o Japan
o India
o ASEAN
o South Korea
o Australia
• Central & South America
o Brazil
• Middle East & Africa
o Saudi Arabia
o UAE
Order a free sample PDF of the Steel Rebar Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.
0 notes
global-research-report · 1 month ago
Text
U.S. Steel Rebar Market Outlook: Growth, Demand, and Technological Advancements
The U.S. steel rebar market size is estimated to reach USD 8.32 billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 5.2% from 2025 to 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The increasing investments in the construction & infrastructure projects are expected to propel the demand for steel rebar in the country during the forecast period.
For instance, in January 2022, the U.S. Department of Transportation announced that more than USD 27 billion is expected to be allocated to states and tribal transportation facilities. The investment is likely to be used in fixing 15,000 bridges across the country by 2026. Thus, it is expected to increase the consumption of the product during the forecast period.
Steel rebar is used to hold and strengthen the concrete through tension. The concrete has a strong compression strength but lacks tensile strength. Casting the product into concrete enables it to carry tensile loads, increasing the overall strength of the structure. Increasing investment in commercial and residential buildings is expected to boost the demand for steel rebar in the U.S. during the forecast period.
Based on applications, the construction segment held the largest revenue share in 2024. The state and local governments are focusing on bringing down the prices of houses and providing affordable homes for their residents. For instance, in April 2022, the Charlotte City Council allocated USD 12.4 million to help finance several affordable housing development projects. The city is expected to gain 602 new housing units in 2022.
Based on the region, the West U.S. held the largest revenue share of the market in 2024. Increasing investment in the industrial segment is expected to boost the demand for rebar in the region during the forecast period. For instance, in June 2022, Treeline announced that they have acquired an 80-acre site in North Carolina for the construction of an industrial park. The company is likely to invest USD 18 million.
Growing demand from the construction & infrastructure industry has pushed key manufacturers to set up new manufacturing mills. For instance, In December 2021, Nucor Corporation announced they would invest USD 350 million in the construction of a micro mill in the South Atlantic region. The plant is expected to have an annual capacity of 430,000 tons.
U.S. Steel Rebar Market Report Highlights
Based on application, the infrastructure segment is anticipated to register the fastest CAGR of 5.6%, in terms of revenue, over the forecast period. Increasing investment in the upgradation of the aging infrastructure is expected to drive market growth
The construction industry is expected to maintain its dominance in the market from 2025 to 2030. Increasing investment in residential construction is expected to propel the demand for the product during the forecast period
Based on region, the Northeast U.S. region held the revenue share of almost 18.0%. Increasing investment in the construction of industrial facilities such as warehouses, manufacturing plants, and processing plants is driving the growth of the product
West U.S. steel rebar market is the largest in the country, seismic requirements shape the demand for high-quality steel rebar, especially in California.
U.S. Steel Rebar Market Segmentation
Grand View Research has segmented the U.S. steel rebar market based on the application, and region:
US Steel Rebar Application Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)
Construction
Infrastructure
Industrial
US Steel Rebar Regional Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)
US
Northeast US
Midwest US
West US
Southeast US
Southwest US
List of Key Players
Acerinox S.A
ArcelorMittal
CMC Steel
EVRAZ U.S., Inc
Gerdau S.A
Liberty Steel USA
Nucor
OutoKumpu
Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc
Steel Dynamics, Inc
Order a free sample PDF of the U.S. Steel Rebar Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.
0 notes
mitroindustries · 2 months ago
Text
Tumblr media
High-Precision Rebar Thread Rolling Machine for Efficient Construction Reinforcement.
The Rebar Thread Rolling Machine is a state-of-the-art solution for enhancing the processing of steel reinforcement bars (rebar’s) in construction projects. Designed to improve operational efficiency, precision, and cost-effectiveness, this advanced equipment produces high-quality threaded connections on rebar’s, ensuring reliable, strong joints that meet rigorous construction standards.
Utilizing a cutting-and-rolling method, the machine efficiently processes the ends of rebar’s, eliminating the need for multiple rolling cycles and minimizing steel transfers, making it ideal for large-scale construction sites. With an intuitive user interface, versatile application, and advanced automation features, the rebar thread rolling machine offers seamless operation, reduced noise, and exceptional thread accuracy.
Key Features:
High Efficiency: Speeds up the threading process with up to 15 seconds per thread.
Precision Engineering: Ensures uniform diameter and thread profile, producing durable and high-strength joints.
Versatile Functionality: Processes rebar’s of varying diameters (16mm-40mm) with ease.
Automation: Includes automatic rib stripping, retraction, and smooth operation with minimal noise.
Cooling System: Features an internal cooling system to maintain performance during heavy-duty operations.
Cost-Effective: Reduces the need for multiple machines, lowering overall equipment investment.
1 note · View note