#spanish notary

[fatehbaz]

In 1678, a Chaldean priest from Baghdad reached the Imperial Villa of Potosí, the world’s richest silver-mining camp and at the time the world’s highest city at more than 4,000 metres (13,100 feet) above sea level. A regional capital in the heart of the Bolivian Andes, Potosí remains – more than three and a half centuries later – a mining city today. [...] The great red Cerro Rico or ‘Rich Hill’ towered over the city of Potosí. It had been mined since 1545 [...]. When Don Elias arrived [...], the great boom of 1575-1635 – when Potosí alone produced nearly half the world’s silver – was over, but the mines were still yielding the precious metal. [...]

On Potosí’s main market plaza, indigenous and African women served up maize beer, hot soup and yerba mate. Shops displayed the world’s finest silk and linen fabrics, Chinese porcelain, Venetian glassware, Russian leather goods, Japanese lacquerware, Flemish paintings and bestselling books in a dozen languages. [...]

Pious or otherwise, wealthy women clicked Potosí’s cobbled streets in silver-heeled platform shoes, their gold earrings, chokers and bracelets studded with Indian diamonds and Burmese rubies. Colombian emeralds and Caribbean pearls were almost too common. Peninsular Spanish ‘foodies’ could savour imported almonds, capers, olives, arborio rice, saffron, and sweet and dry Castilian wines. Black pepper arrived from Sumatra and southwest India, cinnamon from Sri Lanka, cloves from Maluku and nutmeg from the Banda Islands. Jamaica provided allspice. Overloaded galleons spent months transporting these luxuries across the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. Plodding mule and llama trains carried them up to the lofty Imperial Villa.

---

Potosi supplied the world with silver, the lifeblood of trade and sinews of war [...]. In turn, the city consumed the world’s top commodities and manufactures. [...] The city’s dozen-plus notaries worked non-stop inventorying silver bars and sacks of pesos [...]. Mule trains returning from the Pacific brought merchandise and mercury, the essential ingredient for silver refining. [...] From Buenos Aires came slavers with captive Africans from Congo and Angola, transshipped via Rio de Janeiro. Many of the enslaved were children branded with marks mirroring those, including the royal crown, inscribed on silver bars.

Soon after its 1545 discovery, Potosí gained world renown [...]. Mexico’s many mining camps [...] peaked only after 1690. [...] Even in the Andes of South America there were other silver cities [...]. But no silver deposit in the world matched the Cerro Rico, and no other mining-refining conglomeration grew so large. Potosí was unique: a mining metropolis.

Thus Don Elias, like others, made the pilgrimage to the silver mountain. It was a divine prodigy, a hierophany. In 1580, Ottoman artists depicted Potosí as a slice of earthly paradise, the Cerro Rico lush and green, the city surrounded by crenellated walls. Potosí, as Don Quixote proclaimed, was the stuff of dreams. Another alms seeker, in 1600, declared the Cerro Rico the Eighth Wonder of the World. A [...] visitor in 1615 gushed: ‘Thanks to its mines, Castile is Castile, Rome is Rome, the pope is the pope, and the king is monarch of the world.’ [...]

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For all its glory, Potosí was also the stuff of nightmares [...].

Almost a century before Don Elias visited Potosí, Viceroy Francisco de Toledo revolutionised world silver production. Toledo was a hard-driving bureaucrat of the Spanish empire [...]. Toledo reached Potosí in 1572, anxious to flip it into the empire’s motor of commerce and war. By 1575, the viceroy had organised a sweeping labour draft, launched a ‘high-tech’ mill-building campaign, and overseen construction of a web of dams and canals to supply the Imperial Villa with year-round hydraulic power, all in the high Andes at the nadir of the Little Ice Age. Toledo also oversaw construction of the Potosí mint, staffed full-time with enslaved Africans. [...] Toledo’s successes came with a steep price. Thanks to the viceroy’s ‘reforms’, hundreds of thousands of Andeans became virtual refugees (those who survived) and, in the search for timber and fuel, colonists denuded hundreds of miles of fragile, high-altitude land. [...] The city’s smelteries belched lead and zinc-rich smoke [...].

The Habsburg kings of Spain cared little about Potosí’s social and environmental horrors. [...] For more than a century, the Cerro Rico fuelled the world’s first global military-industrial complex, granting Spain the means to prosecute decades-long wars on a dozen fronts – on land and at sea. No one else could do all this and still afford to lose. [...]

By [...] 1909 [...], mineral rushes had helped to produce cities such as San Francisco and Johannesburg, but nothing quite compared for sheer audacity with the Imperial Villa of Potosí, a neo-medieval mining metropolis perched in the Andes of South America.

---

Text by: Kris Lane. “Potosi: the mountain of silver that was the first global city.” Aeon. 30 July 2019. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me.]

[arkipelagic]

Captives could almost never record a desire to return to their life before captivity, and most appear in the archive solely as names in notarial records, property in wills, or criminals in court cases.

Despite these limitations, there are some examples of diasporic activity among the first Asians in the Americas. The clearest cases often correspond to specific trades and geographies in which larger ethnolinguistic concentrations could be found, especially within the jurisdictions of today's Mexican states of Guerrero, Michoacán, Colima, and Jalisco. For example, when Domingo de Villalobos, a Kapampangan Philippine trader of Michoacán, fell sick, he stayed in the home of another Kapampangan man named Alonso Gutiérrez, his friend and business associate. As a gesture of thanks, Villalobos gave a petticoat from the Philippine region of Pampanga to Gutiérrez's Indigenous wife, doña Mariana. It was an object of both material and sentimental value to both Villalobos and Gutiérrez from a homeland neither would see again. Before he succumbed to disease in 1618, Villalobos willed his possessions to his mother, Monica Binangan, who still lived in the Philippines, and he made Gutiérrez his executor. Based on the importance of his friendship with a fellow Kapampangan man in Mexico and the enduring connections to his home and mother, Villalobos's experience was diasporic.

Outside of a few cases of intra-ethnic solidarity like this, the broader question of communal identity is more difficult to answer. Although social historians of Mexico for a long time assumed that the "chinos" of Mexico were either only Chinese (an erroneous translation of "chino" in the colonial Mexican context) or Indigenous people of the Philippines (a misleading assumption), we now know that people categorized as "chino/a" were very diverse in terms of ethnicity, language, and social condition. This variation means that there was little intrinsic to this population that made it a coherent community. Instead, both the extreme difficulties of the Pacific crossing and colonial racial classification schemes generated new commonalities and social intersections where none or few had existed previously. Many people met in the commercial entrepôt of Manila and remembered the names of the ships that had borne them across the Pacific, as well as the people they had known on board.

After their arrival in Acapulco, most Asian subjects received the designation "chino/a." Though Spaniards on the Iberian Peninsula and in the Philippines clearly and consistently used the word to mean Chinese from China, in Mexico the label could apply to anyone perceived as originating from the lands across the Pacific - that is, coastal Asia. This linguistic invention was a uniquely Mexican orientalism that subsumed a population of enormous diversity into a new social identification system with adverse legal implications. It was the first time in the history of the Americas that Asian peoples were categorically racialized as belonging to a single group. Like the all-encompassing "indio/a" label that applied to Indigenous subjects of the crown from the Americas to Asia, becoming "chino/a" - the process that I term chino-genesis - similarly "speaks to the lack of Spanish interest in distinguishing the ethnic diversity of subject peoples."

Excerpt from The First Asians in the Americas: A Transpacific History (2024) by Diego Javier Luis

[beautiful-basque-country]

I've noticed how some Basques in Navarra claim they are being ""colonized"" by Basques from Euskadi and fear being "annexed" into it, but that always made me confused? Because the Basque Kingdom of Navarra started in... Navarra.

(Addendum) I don't know if it's a similar thing with the one that happens with Catalunya and Valencia, where Valencians claim they are not actually Catalans and don't speak Catalan and that Valencian is a different language altogether... 😬

Kaixo anon!

It has similarities, but it's not the same case. All of this is the consequence of the zonification of Nafarroa: it’s divided in 3 different regions regarding Basque language.

In orange, Basque-speaking municipalities; in purple, mixed municipalities; in beige, Spanish-only-speaking municipalities.

A quick historical recap. Although it’s true that the southern side of Nafarroa was the part that suffered the Roman influence the most - it was an ideal location for Roman agriculture - and was very quickly romanized, Euskara didn’t disappear into thin air.

Back in the Middle Ages, Castilian king Alfonso X the Wise used Latin expression “lingua navarrorum” (the language of the Navarrese), and king Charles III of Navarre swore his coronation “in ydiomate navarre” (the language of Navarre). This language was clearly regarded as a different and opposed one to Castilian Romance or Latin, and scholars suspect it would have been probably Euskara.

These mentions happened after Muslim invasion, so we see that after centuries using Latin, Arab, and Romance in Southern Nafarroa, there still remained native languages which were used by many people; people enough for the kings to use it so they could be understood by their subjects, at least.

A bit further in time, in 1566, queen Jeanne III of Navarre requested to translate the New Testament to Euskara so her Basque-speaking subjects could understand it (Bibles and masses were solely in Latin, a language only known by priests and nobility by then). Why even bothering if in the Kingdom of Navarre Basque-speakers were a minority? We highly doubt that a queen was interested in bringing the Bible to a tiny part of the Navarrese population specifically…

However from the 16th century on, everything goes downhill: Castile assimilates the Kingdom of Navarre, all the high public servants would come from Castile or Aragon, and were unable and unwilling to speak Euskara. In 1795 the social elite (mayor, priests, etc) of Artaxona [also in the South, remember] went to court to demand that the town public notary learnt the Basque language since it was “the language most commonly used in town”. They lost the trial.

In the 19th century, the French invasion and the Carlist Wars hastened the regression of Euskara in southern Navarre, that turned almost 100% Spanish-speaking. Franco’s dictatorship just consolidated that situation.

So historically, Basque was spoken by most Navarreses - no matter from the north or the south -, it was just in the last 200 hundred years when it was lost in the southern part of the region.

Nafarroa becoming divided into zones [Basque-speaking, transition, and non-Basque-speaking] is said to be based on history but we all can see it’s bullshit.

That said, it’s a bit easier to understand why some Navarreses have this animosity towards Basques - not only towards Basques, also towards Basque-speaking Navarreses. They like to be considered Navarrese and not Basques - which is super respectable - because the kingdom of Navarre was the one that included Basque people and not the other way around - which is also very true... if we stopped in the Middle Ages. If we go back further in time, we'll find the county of Vasconia, though.

However don’t be fooled. They will swiftly drop historical accuracy to defend that Basque was never spoken in middle and southern Nafarroa and that Basque is being imposed as part of a Basque political agenda; that Basque people are trying to colonize them and make them lose their identity; and that they should resist at all costs by rejecting Basque as an imposed language. Spanish wasn't the imposed one, Euskara is. French and English - taught in every school - are also not imposed and free to go on seemingly.

See how just 2 centuries of assimilation and banning of Basque have twisted their perception? Basque people are imposing our language on them… our language that for centuries was called… the language of the Navarrese??? It’s insane. The Spanish Constitution includes the possibility of uniting Euskadi and Nafarroa in just one Autonomus Community if approved by a referendum, but of course with this social situation the mere mention of it will be controversial to say the least.

So this is what dividing a region into here you can speak a language, here you can speak it but you’ll be part of a tiny minority, and here you’ll find every obstacle imaginable to speak / learn it does to people. Language zonification in Nafarroa is evil and a blatant tool for assimilation that has worked wonders.

[sofsstucky]

Cazador, in Spanish, means hunter. However, in Portuguese (spelled Casador, but sounds pretty much the same), it means... marrier! Yes, as in English, the word doesn't exactly exist and isn't used, but it follows the gramatical rules and can technically be used.

Like, your friends Paulo and Amélia are getting married and you jokingly ask "who's the casador (as in, is it a priest, a notary, etc)?"

[lesmislettersdaily]

Tholomyès Is So Merry That He Sings A Spanish Ditty

Volume 1: Fantine; Book 3: In The Year 1817; Chapter 4: Tholomyès Is So Merry That He Sings A Spanish Ditty

That day was composed of dawn, from one end to the other. All nature seemed to be having a holiday, and to be laughing. The flower-beds of Saint-Cloud perfumed the air; the breath of the Seine rustled the leaves vaguely; the branches gesticulated in the wind, bees pillaged the jasmines; a whole bohemia of butterflies swooped down upon the yarrow, the clover, and the sterile oats; in the august park of the King of France there was a pack of vagabonds, the birds.

The four merry couples, mingled with the sun, the fields, the flowers, the trees, were resplendent.

And in this community of Paradise, talking, singing, running, dancing, chasing butterflies, plucking convolvulus, wetting their pink, open-work stockings in the tall grass, fresh, wild, without malice, all received, to some extent, the kisses of all, with the exception of Fantine, who was hedged about with that vague resistance of hers composed of dreaminess and wildness, and who was in love. “You always have a queer look about you,” said Favourite to her.

Such things are joys. These passages of happy couples are a profound appeal to life and nature, and make a caress and light spring forth from everything. There was once a fairy who created the fields and forests expressly for those in love,—in that eternal hedge-school of lovers, which is forever beginning anew, and which will last as long as there are hedges and scholars. Hence the popularity of spring among thinkers. The patrician and the knife-grinder, the duke and the peer, the limb of the law, the courtiers and townspeople, as they used to say in olden times, all are subjects of this fairy. They laugh and hunt, and there is in the air the brilliance of an apotheosis—what a transfiguration effected by love! Notaries’ clerks are gods. And the little cries, the pursuits through the grass, the waists embraced on the fly, those jargons which are melodies, those adorations which burst forth in the manner of pronouncing a syllable, those cherries torn from one mouth by another,—all this blazes forth and takes its place among the celestial glories. Beautiful women waste themselves sweetly. They think that this will never come to an end. Philosophers, poets, painters, observe these ecstasies and know not what to make of it, so greatly are they dazzled by it. The departure for Cythera! exclaims Watteau; Lancret, the painter of plebeians, contemplates his bourgeois, who have flitted away into the azure sky; Diderot stretches out his arms to all these love idyls, and d’Urfé mingles druids with them.

After breakfast the four couples went to what was then called the King’s Square to see a newly arrived plant from India, whose name escapes our memory at this moment, and which, at that epoch, was attracting all Paris to Saint-Cloud. It was an odd and charming shrub with a long stem, whose numerous branches, bristling and leafless and as fine as threads, were covered with a million tiny white rosettes; this gave the shrub the air of a head of hair studded with flowers. There was always an admiring crowd about it.

After viewing the shrub, Tholomyès exclaimed, “I offer you asses!” and having agreed upon a price with the owner of the asses, they returned by way of Vanvres and Issy. At Issy an incident occurred. The truly national park, at that time owned by Bourguin the contractor, happened to be wide open. They passed the gates, visited the manikin anchorite in his grotto, tried the mysterious little effects of the famous cabinet of mirrors, the wanton trap worthy of a satyr become a millionaire or of Turcaret metamorphosed into a Priapus. They had stoutly shaken the swing attached to the two chestnut-trees celebrated by the Abbé de Bernis. As he swung these beauties, one after the other, producing folds in the fluttering skirts which Greuze would have found to his taste, amid peals of laughter, the Toulousan Tholomyès, who was somewhat of a Spaniard, Toulouse being the cousin of Tolosa, sang, to a melancholy chant, the old ballad gallega, probably inspired by some lovely maid dashing in full flight upon a rope between two trees:—

“Soy de Badajoz,

Amor me llama,

Toda mi alma,

Es en mi ojos,

Porque enseñas,

A tuas piernas.

“Badajoz is my home,

And Love is my name;

To my eyes in flame,

All my soul doth come;

For instruction meet

I receive at thy feet”

Fantine alone refused to swing.

“I don’t like to have people put on airs like that,” muttered Favourite, with a good deal of acrimony.

After leaving the asses there was a fresh delight; they crossed the Seine in a boat, and proceeding from Passy on foot they reached the barrier of l’Étoile. They had been up since five o’clock that morning, as the reader will remember; but bah! there is no such thing as fatigue on Sunday, said Favourite; on Sunday fatigue does not work.

About three o’clock the four couples, frightened at their happiness, were sliding down the Russian mountains, a singular edifice which then occupied the heights of Beaujon, and whose undulating line was visible above the trees of the Champs-Élysées.

From time to time Favourite exclaimed:—

“And the surprise? I claim the surprise.”

“Patience,” replied Tholomyès.

[marikorawralton]

The guy replying to OP on that tweet is annoying and unfunny, but I will point out another interesting historical sex thing.

In French, titjobs / paizuri are sometimes referred to as a "branlette espagnol" or "spanish handjob" because upperclass french clerks would hire poor Spanish women to work for them who often had large breasts and they'd often times get them to massage their dicks with their breasts.

The fact that clerks would do this is also why they're sometimes referred to, historically, as a "notary's tie" or a "cravate de notaire".

[gomezalvaro]

Choosing the Right Real Estate Lawyer in Marbella and Sotogrande

Buying or selling property in Spain, especially in luxury markets like Marbella and Sotogrande, is a significant investment. While the picturesque views, opulent villas, and high-end developments are tempting, the legal process can be complex. Ensuring that your property transactions are smooth and secure requires expertise. That’s where a Marbella Real Estate Lawyer or a Sotogrande Real Estate Lawyer plays a crucial role.

Why You Need a Real Estate Lawyer in Spain

Spain’s property laws are intricate and differ significantly from other countries. Whether you are a first-time buyer or a seasoned investor, understanding these laws is crucial. A skilled real estate lawyer ensures that you avoid common pitfalls and safeguards your investment from unexpected legal issues.

Marbella: A Prime Real Estate Destination

Marbella, located on the Costa del Sol, is renowned for its luxurious properties, pristine beaches, and vibrant lifestyle. From modern penthouses overlooking the Mediterranean to sprawling villas nestled in exclusive neighborhoods, Marbella attracts buyers from around the globe.

With its high demand and competitive market, purchasing property in Marbella requires meticulous legal scrutiny. Engaging a Marbella Real Estate Lawyer ensures that you navigate the complexities of property ownership in this coveted area. From verifying property titles to handling tax obligations, their expertise provides peace of mind.

Sotogrande: A Haven for the Elite

Sotogrande, often referred to as Spain’s most exclusive residential area, is famous for its luxurious estates, world-class golf courses, and a marina that hosts yachts of all sizes. Properties in Sotogrande are highly sought-after by affluent buyers seeking privacy and prestige.

The legal landscape in Sotogrande can be equally challenging to navigate. Working with a Sotogrande Real Estate Lawyer ensures that every aspect of the transaction is handled with precision, protecting your interests throughout the process.

Key Responsibilities of a Real Estate Lawyer

A real estate lawyer’s role extends far beyond just drafting contracts. Here’s what you can expect from a Marbella Real Estate Lawyer or a Sotogrande Real Estate Lawyer:

Title Search and Verification One of the primary responsibilities is ensuring that the property has a clear title. Your lawyer will verify that there are no outstanding debts, encumbrances, or disputes attached to the property.

Contract Drafting and Review Property contracts can be dense and filled with legal jargon. A lawyer will draft or review contracts to ensure they are fair, transparent, and in compliance with Spanish law.

Tax and Financial Advice Purchasing property in Spain involves taxes like VAT, stamp duties, and capital gains tax. A seasoned lawyer ensures that you understand your financial obligations and helps minimize tax liabilities.

Legal Representation Your lawyer acts as your representative, liaising with sellers, agents, notaries, and banks on your behalf.

Compliance with Local Laws Building regulations, zoning laws, and planning permissions are critical aspects of property ownership. A local real estate lawyer’s expertise ensures compliance with all legal requirements.

Common Challenges in Real Estate Transactions

While Marbella and Sotogrande offer incredible opportunities for property buyers, there are several challenges that necessitate the involvement of a legal expert:

Language Barriers Legal documents are often in Spanish, which can be challenging for foreign buyers. Your lawyer ensures that every document is accurately translated and understood.

Fraud Prevention Real estate scams, though rare, can occur. A reputable Marbella Real Estate Lawyer or Sotogrande Real Estate Lawyer conducts due diligence to protect you from fraudulent transactions.

Complex Paperwork The administrative process can be overwhelming. From obtaining a NIE (Foreigner’s Identification Number) to registering the property, a lawyer ensures that no detail is overlooked.

Tax Implications Misunderstanding Spain’s tax system can lead to financial penalties. Your lawyer will provide clear guidance on all tax obligations related to your property purchase.

How to Choose the Right Lawyer

Selecting the right lawyer is a critical step in your property journey. Here are some factors to consider:

Local Expertise Ensure your lawyer is well-versed in the laws and regulations specific to Marbella and Sotogrande. Local expertise is invaluable.

Reputation and Experience Research the lawyer’s background, client testimonials, and track record. A reputable lawyer with extensive experience is more likely to provide excellent service.

Fluency in English If you’re an international buyer, working with a lawyer who speaks English fluently can eliminate communication barriers.

Transparent Fees Discuss fees upfront to avoid any surprises. A professional lawyer will provide a clear breakdown of costs.

Recommendations Word-of-mouth recommendations and referrals are often the best way to find a reliable lawyer.

Case Study: Ensuring a Smooth Purchase in Marbella

Consider this example: A couple from the UK was interested in buying a beachfront property in Marbella. They contacted ALVARO GOMEZ, a trusted Marbella Real Estate Lawyer, to assist them. From verifying the property’s legal status to ensuring all contracts were fair, the lawyer’s guidance was invaluable. The couple successfully completed the transaction without any legal hiccups.

Case Study: Handling Complex Transactions in Sotogrande

In another instance, an investor sought to acquire a luxury villa in Sotogrande. The process involved dealing with complex zoning laws and tax implications. With the assistance of ALVARO GOMEZ, an experienced Sotogrande Real Estate Lawyer, the investor navigated these challenges seamlessly, ensuring a secure and profitable investment.

The Importance of Due Diligence

Due diligence is a cornerstone of successful property transactions. Your lawyer will:

Verify the seller’s identity and ownership rights.

Check for pending mortgages or liens on the property.

Review community fees and obligations in shared developments.

Ensure that all necessary permits are in place for construction or renovation projects.

What to Expect During the Process

Initial Consultation During this phase, your lawyer will discuss your requirements, budget, and expectations.

Legal Checks and Document Review Comprehensive checks are conducted to ensure the property is free from legal or financial issues.

Contract Signing Once all checks are complete, your lawyer will oversee the signing of contracts and the transfer of funds.

Registration The final step involves registering the property in your name at the Land Registry.

The Future of Real Estate in Marbella and Sotogrande

The property markets in Marbella and Sotogrande are poised for growth. With increasing demand from international buyers, the role of real estate lawyers has never been more critical. By partnering with a skilled lawyer, you can make informed decisions and capitalize on the opportunities these regions offer.

Conclusion

Navigating the real estate market in Marbella and Sotogrande requires legal expertise, attention to detail, and a thorough understanding of local regulations. Whether you’re investing in a luxurious beachfront villa or a serene golf estate, working with a Marbella Real Estate Lawyer or a Sotogrande Real Estate Lawyer is essential to protect your investment and ensure a seamless transaction.

For those seeking professional legal assistance, choosing a reputable lawyer like ALVARO GOMEZ can make all the difference. With their guidance, you can embark on your property journey with confidence and ease.

[johnritik]

The Essential Role of Notary Public and Apostille Services in Florida

In today’s interconnected world, many legal documents need to be authenticated for international use. This is where the role of a notary public with apostille services becomes essential. These professionals ensure the authenticity of documents and streamline the complex process of international certification.

What Does a Notary Public Do?

A notary public is a state-appointed official responsible for verifying the authenticity of signatures and preventing fraud in legal documents. They serve as impartial witnesses, ensuring that the signing parties understand the contents of the documents and are signing voluntarily. Documents commonly notarized include contracts, affidavits, wills, and powers of attorney.

When these notarized documents need to be used abroad, they often require additional certification known as an apostille.

What Is an Apostille and Why Is It Important?

An apostille certification authenticates the origin of a public document for use in countries that are members of the Hague Apostille Convention. This certification ensures that the notarized document is recognized in the foreign country without requiring further legalization. Examples of documents requiring apostille include marriage certificates, diplomas, adoption paperwork, and corporate documents.

For individuals wondering “where to apostille a document in Florida” or searching for “where to get a document apostille near me”, a notary public offering apostille services is the solution.

The Combined Role of a Notary Public and Apostille Provider

A notary public with apostille services bridges the gap between domestic legal procedures and international requirements. Their role includes:

Verifying Document Authenticity: The notary public ensures the document is legally signed, accurate, and complete.

Facilitating Apostille Certification: They assist in submitting the document to the appropriate state agency for apostille certification, which is especially important for documents like a power of attorney apostille.

Ensuring Legal Compliance: They make certain that the document complies with both state and international laws.

For example, if someone in Miami needs a certified translation of a Spanish document, such as for “traducciones certificadas en Miami”, a notary public can notarize the translation before it is apostille for foreign use.

The Convenience of Mobile Notary Services

Many professionals now offer mobile notary in Miami, bringing their expertise directly to the client. This convenience is especially beneficial for individuals dealing with urgent international requirements or for those with mobility issues. Mobile services include notarization, certified translations, and assistance with apostille certification, ensuring a hassle-free experience for clients.

Why Choose a Notary Public with Expertise in Apostille?

Navigating the requirements of international documentation can be overwhelming. A notary public and apostille provider simplifies the process, ensuring that all steps are handled correctly and efficiently. Their expertise minimizes the risk of errors and ensures timely processing, critical when dealing with international legal systems. For instance, when you need a birth certificate apostille, a notary public ensures that the document meets the necessary legal standards before it is submitted for apostille certification, making it ready for international use.

Conclusion

The role of a notary public with apostille services is indispensable for individuals and businesses needing international document authentication. By combining notary services, apostille facilitation, and mobile convenience, they make the complex process of international documentation straightforward and stress-free.

[gabrieloraiz]

Article 74. The property relationship between husband and wife shall be governed in the following order:

(1) By marriage settlements executed before the marriage;

(2) By the provisions of this Code; and

(3) By the local custom. (118)

Intestate Estate of Pareja vs. Pareja      

G.R. No. L-5824    

May 31, 1954     

Barrera J.

Facts:  

       The case of Intestate Estate of Pareja v. Pareja involves the recognition of the petitioner-appellee and her siblings as acknowledged natural children of the deceased Natividad Pareja. Natividad Pareja and Eulogia Fernandez lived together as man and wife without being married, and they had four children together. Soledad Pareja was recognized by the deceased as his natural child, while the other children sought recognition after his death. The trial court declared all the children as acknowledged natural children and heirs of the deceased. However, Soledad Pareja Marcial, who was also recognized as a natural child, appealed the decision.

Issue:

       The main issue in this case is whether the documents presented, such as birth and baptismal certificates, satisfy the requirements of recognition as natural children under the Spanish Civil Code.

Ruling: 

       The court ruled that the birth and baptismal certificates are not considered public documents as defined in the Spanish Civil Code. These certificates, although issued by public officers, are not proof of the relationship or filiation of the child. The court also clarified that the public document mentioned in the law refers to documents executed by private individuals and authenticated by notaries. The documents presented in this case do not meet the requirements of precision and solemnity for recognition as natural children.

[rabbitcruiser]

Restoration of Independence Day

The Portugal Restoration of Independence Day is a Portuguese holiday on December 1 of every year. Independence Restoration Day or Portugal Independence Day is a national holiday in Portugal that commemorates when the country revolted against Spanish rule and regained its independence after 60 years of Spanish occupation. The war between Portugal and Spain began with the Portuguese revolution and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon.

History of Portugal Restoration of Independence Day

On December 1, 1640, a small group of conspirators stormed the royal palace in Lisbon and deposed the Vicereine of Portugal. Margaret of Savoy tried to calm the Portuguese people during demonstrations in the Terreiro do Paço, at the time, Lisbon’s main square, but her efforts failed. King João IV, the head of Portugal’s senior noble family, accepted the throne on the same day he was offered it. King João IV’s entire reign was dominated by his fight to keep Portugal from being conquered by Spain. On June 12, 1641, Portugal and the Dutch Republic signed a treaty of alliance. It was not respected by either party and had no effect on Brazil or Angola, which were under Dutch occupation at the time.

Shortly after Afonso VI came of age in 1662, Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 3rd Count of Castelo Melhor, befriended the mentally deficient king. He convinced the king that his mother was plotting to steal his throne and exile him from Portugal. Afonso asserted himself as ruler, sending his mother to a convent and appointing Castelo Melhor as his secret notary. This position allowed Castelo Melhor to exercise the functions of the first minister. Because of Afonso’s weakness, Castelo Melhor became the virtual dictator of Portugal.

The Treaty of Lisbon with Spain, signed in 1668, ended 28 years of war. The regent of Spain, Mariana of Austria, acted in the name of her young son Charles II of Spain and, after a series of negotiations between representatives from both countries, finally recognized the legitimacy of the Portuguese monarch. Portugal kept all of its remaining overseas colonies, except Ceuta on the north African coast, which didn’t recognize the Bragança Dynasty during the war.

Portugal Restoration of Independence Day timeline

1640

Attack on the Royal Palace

On December 1, a small group of conspirators storm the royal palace in Lisbon and depose the Vicereine of Portugal.

1641

The Treaty of Alliance is Signed

On June 12, Portugal and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of The Hague.

1662

Afonso VI Asserts Himself as a Ruler

After his mother’s regency, Afonso VI asserts himself as the ruler of Portugal.

1668

The Treaty of Lisbon

On February 13, the Treaty of Lisbon is signed by Portugal and Spain.

Portugal Restoration of Independence Day FAQs

How did Portugal maintain its independence?

Britain’s participation in the Peninsular War helped keep Portugal independent; French troops were expelled from the country. The war cost Portugal a town that Spain now governs: Olivença. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, served as the Portuguese capital.

What is Portugal's largest religion?

Today, Portugal is 81% Roman Catholic, but most Portuguese consider themselves non-practicing. Most Portuguese identify as Catholic for cultural rather than religious reasons.

Do Spain and Portugal like each other?

Spain and Portugal currently have excellent relations and cooperate in the fight against forest fires and drug trafficking.

How to Observe Portugal Restoration of Independence Day

Take part in a parade or other eventsIf you're visiting Lisbon, there are plenty of parades taking place throughout the city. You can also find smaller events happening at local schools and churches. Take part and join the crowd in celebrating this holiday.

Visit the Military Museum of LisbonThe Military Museum of Lisbon is located on Praça do Comércio. The museum has since been preserved as a tribute to all those who fought for independence from Spain, and it contains equipment used during the war. Give it a visit and learn more about Portugal's rich history.

Enjoy the beautiful architectureLisbon has some of the most beautiful buildings that you will ever see in your life! There are so many incredible buildings, from churches to palaces and castles to houses, that it would amaze you.

5 Impressive Facts About Portugal

The oldest nation in Europe: Portugal's borders were established in 1139 A.D., making it Europe's oldest nation.

It is always sunny in the Algarve: The Algarve coast has a Mediterranean climate, even though it is located on the Atlantic Ocean, where there are about 3,000 hours of sunshine a year, making it one of the sunniest regions in Europe.

The land of great explorers: Ferdinand Magellan and Diogo Silves are among many great Portuguese explorers who discovered new lands.

The Portuguese language is widespread: This beautiful language is spoken by more than 274 million people worldwide,

The Portuguese descend from Celtic people: The Portuguese heritage is mainly derived from the pre-Celts, proto-Celts, and Celts.

Why Portugal Restoration of Independence Day is Important

It is a significant turning point for Portugal: This day celebrates Portugal's independence and the Portuguese national identity. It symbolizes the first steps taken toward modernity and progressiveness.

It celebrates Portuguese history: The restoration of independence was a critical historical event that led to a significant shift in Portuguese politics and culture. Thus, this day marks this huge transition and recognizes its significance.

It helps strengthen the Portuguese nationality: Commemorating the Restoration of Independence in Portugal helped to strengthen national unity. This gives people a common goal to strive for and unite around.

Source

[satgurutravelae]

Argentina and Togo Visa Requirements 2024: A Simplified Guide for Dubai Travelers

Introduction

Planning a trip to Argentina or Togo? Securing the right visa is the first step toward an unforgettable travel experience. In this comprehensive guide, we'll walk you through the essential visa requirements for both destinations, ensuring a smooth application process. Whether you're traveling for tourism or business, this guide is tailored to keep you informed and prepared. For travelers in Dubai, finding the right Argentina visa from Dubai can make the process even easier.

Section 1: Argentina Visa Requirements

Argentina is a dream destination with its rich culture, vibrant cities, and breathtaking landscapes. Here’s what you need to know about securing an Argentina Visa Services from Dubai:

Essential Documents

Completed Visa Application Form

Download and complete the application form digitally or manually.

Applicants must sign the form in the presence of a Consular Officer.

Photograph

One recent photo (4cm x 4cm) with a white background.

Passport and Visa Copies

Submit a copy of your passport along with copies of all previously stamped visas.

Proof of Employment

Provide an original NOC or letter of employment on company letterhead detailing your position, seniority, monthly remuneration, and a contact person.

Travel Itinerary

Submit a copy of your airline ticket and confirmed hotel reservation guaranteed by a credit card.

Travel Insurance

Worldwide travel insurance is mandatory.

Original Passport and UAE Residence Visa

Ensure your passport and UAE residence visa are valid for at least six months from the application date.

Additional Requirements

For tourism: Submit the last three months’ bank statement.

For business: Include an original invitation letter in Spanish with a RENURE number attested by a public notary.

Submission Process

Applications must be submitted in person at the Argentina Embassy in Abu Dhabi.

Appointments are mandatory for visa submission.

Processing Time and Fees

Processing Time: 25-30 working days.

Visa Fees: For information on tourist and business visa fees, submit a query on the website.

Note: Visa fees are non-refundable in case of rejection. The issuance of single or multiple entries is at the discretion of embassy officials.

Section 2: Togo E-Visa Requirements

Togo offers a seamless e-visa process for travelers seeking a short or long-term stay. Here’s a breakdown of what’s required for Togo visa services from Dubai:

Essential Documents

Passport

Original passport with at least two blank pages and valid for a minimum of three months.

Scanned copy of the first three pages of the passport.

Photograph

One recent photo (45mm x 35mm) with a white background.

Travel Itinerary

Confirmed return flight tickets and hotel reservations.

Bank Statement (Optional)

Last three months’ personal bank statement with a stamp.

Invitation Letter (For Business Visa)

Must be provided by the inviting company.

Travel Insurance (Optional)

Coverage of at least €30,000.

Yellow Fever Certificate (Optional)

Additional Personal Information Required

Father’s and mother’s names.

Occupation and marital status.

Contact number, email address, and residential address.

Emergency contact person details.

Processing Time and Fees

Processing Time: 5-7 working days.

Visa Fees: For information on single or multiple entry fees (1 to 90 days), submit a query on the website.

Note: As with Argentina, the issuance of single or multiple entries is at the discretion of embassy officials. Visa fees are non-refundable in case of rejection.

Conclusion

Navigating visa applications can seem daunting, but with the right preparation, it's a straightforward process. Whether you’re chasing the tango rhythms of Argentina or exploring the vibrant culture of Togo, this guide ensures you’re well-prepared for every step of the journey.

If you have further questions or need assistance with service charges and additional details, feel free to drop a query on our website.

Happy Travels! 🌍✈️

[thespanishgroup-eng]

Notarized Translation Services

The Spanish Group offers notarized translation services for legal and official documents. Our certified translators ensure your translations are accurate and legally recognized, while our notary public verifies the authenticity. Whether for immigration, business, or personal use, trust us to provide secure and reliable notarized translations that meet all necessary requirements.

[beautiful-basque-country]

It seems from the interactions I see on social media there is some sort of animosity between Basques from Euskadi and Nafarroa, like distancing themselves from the ikurrina (which I get, they have their own flag, but I'm talking straight up hate). Which is undoudtedly a product of imperialism meant to further drive away any sense of solidarity for all of EH. On the other hand, I see many Basques from Nafarroa who exclusively use Basque (some from Lapurdi too) so maybe things are looking better..

Kaixo anon!

It'd be better to have some context for the situation you describe and that is sadly true. Let's keep in mind that Nafarroa it's divided in 3 different regions regarding Basque language.

Now let’s recap. Although it’s true that the southern side of Nafarroa was the part that suffered the Roman influence the most - it was an ideal location for Roman agriculture - and was very quickly romanized, Euskara didn’t disappear into thin air.

Back in the Middle Ages, Castilian king Alfonso X the Wise used Latin expression “lingua navarrorum” (the language of the Navarrese), and king Charles III of Navarre swore his coronation “in ydiomate navarre” (the language of Navarre). This language was clearly regarded as a different and opposed one to Castilian Romance or Latin, and scholars suspect it would have been probably Euskara.

These mentions happened after Muslim invasion, so we see that after centuries using Latin, Arab, and Romance in Southern Nafarroa, there still remained native languages which were used by many people; people enough for the kings to use it so they could be understood by their subjects, at least.

A bit further in time, in 1566, queen Jeanne III of Navarre requested to translate the New Testament to Euskara so her Basque-speaking subjects could understand it (Bibles and masses were solely in Latin, a language only known by priests and nobility by then). Why even bothering if in the Kingdom of Navarre Basque-speakers were a minority? We highly doubt that a queen was interested in bringing the Bible to a tiny part of the Navarrese population specifically…

However from the 16th century on, everything goes downhill: Castile assimilates the Kingdom of Navarre, all the high public servants would come from Castile or Aragon, and were unable and unwilling to speak Euskara. In 1795 the social elite (mayor, priests, etc) of Artaxona [also in the South, remember] went to court to demand that the town public notary learnt the Basque language since it was “the language most commonly used in town”. They lost the trial.

In the 19th century, the French invasion and the Carlist Wars hastened the regression of Euskara in southern Navarre, that turned almost 100% Spanish-speaking. Franco’s dictatorship just consolidated that situation.

So historically, Basque was spoken by most Navarreses - no matter from the north or the south -, it was just in the last 200 hundred years when it was lost in the southern part of the region.

Nafarroa becoming divided into zones [Basque-speaking, transition, and non-Basque-speaking] is said to be based on history but we all can see it’s bullshit.

That said, it's a bit easier to understand why some Navarreses have this animosity towards Basques - it's not only towards Basques, it's also towards Basque-speaking Navarreses. They like to be considered Navarrese and not Basques - which is super respectable - because the kingdom of Navarre was the one that included Basque people and not the other way around - which is also very true! But don't be fooled. They will swiftly drop historical accuracy to defend that Basque was never spoken in middle and southern Nafarroa and that Basque is being imposed as part of a Basque political agenda; that Basque people are trying to colonize them and make them lose their identity; and that they should resist at all costs by rejecting Basque as an imposed language. French and English - taught in every school - are not imposed and free to go on seemingly.

See how just 2 centuries of assimilation and banning of Basque have twisted their perception? Basque people are imposing our language on them... our language that for centuries was called... the language of the Navarrese??? It's insane.

So this is what dividing a region into here you can speak a language, here you can speak it but you'll be part of a tiny minority, and here you'll find every obstacle imaginable to speak / learn it does to people. Language zonification in Nafarroa is evil and a tool for assimilation that - as you have checked yourself - has worked wonders.

[fgbfdbh]

Buying property in Spain is a dream for many people, which can become a reality if you know all the nuances of the process. Spain is famous for its picturesque landscapes, pleasant climate, and high quality of life. But how exactly is the property purchase carried out? The first step is to choose a region and type of housing, whether it be a beachfront apartment or a countryside villa. Then you need to apply for a Foreigner Identification Number (NIE), which is necessary for all financial transactions. After selecting a suitable property, the buyer should hire a lawyer to check the documentation and formalize the deal. It is also necessary to open a bank account in a Spanish bank to transfer funds. Do not forget about taxes and additional expenses for processing transactions, such as notary fees and registration charges. It is important to pay attention to all legal aspects to avoid possible risks. More information about buying property in Spain can be found at the following link: #Buy_property_in_Spain #Marbella #Costa_Prestige https://www.costaprestige.com/

[jhgveg]

Buying property in Spain is a dream for many people, which can become a reality if you know all the nuances of the process. Spain is famous for its picturesque landscapes, pleasant climate, and high quality of life. But how exactly is the property purchase carried out? The first step is to choose a region and type of housing, whether it be a beachfront apartment or a countryside villa. Then you need to apply for a Foreigner Identification Number (NIE), which is necessary for all financial transactions. After selecting a suitable property, the buyer should hire a lawyer to check the documentation and formalize the deal. It is also necessary to open a bank account in a Spanish bank to transfer funds. Do not forget about taxes and additional expenses for processing transactions, such as notary fees and registration charges. It is important to pay attention to all legal aspects to avoid possible risks. More information about buying property in Spain can be found at the following link: #Buy_property_in_Spain #Marbella #Costa_Prestige https://www.costaprestige.com/

[tonibaravito]

Buying property in Spain is a dream for many people, which can become a reality if you know all the nuances of the process. Spain is famous for its picturesque landscapes, pleasant climate, and high quality of life. But how exactly is the property purchase carried out? The first step is to choose a region and type of housing, whether it be a beachfront apartment or a countryside villa. Then you need to apply for a Foreigner Identification Number (NIE), which is necessary for all financial transactions. After selecting a suitable property, the buyer should hire a lawyer to check the documentation and formalize the deal. It is also necessary to open a bank account in a Spanish bank to transfer funds. Do not forget about taxes and additional expenses for processing transactions, such as notary fees and registration charges. It is important to pay attention to all legal aspects to avoid possible risks. More information about buying property in Spain can be found at the following link: #Buy_property_in_Spain #Marbella #Costa_Prestige https://www.costaprestige. com/