#setpriorities

[teenhelporg]

Identifying your priorities allows you to focus your time, energy, and resources on what truly matters most to you. Take some time today to self-reflect and determine your priorities. What are your top priorities right now?

[inspiringkrish]

3 Important things that should be your priority👍 #motivation #motivationfortheday #inspiration #inspirationdaily #priorities #prioritiesfirst #prioritiesmatter #lifepriorities #prioritiesinlife #knowyourpriorities #setpriorities #prioritiesforlife #prioritiescomefirst #prioritiesovereverything #prioritiesfirst💯 #prioritiesoverpleasure #prioritiesoflife #prioritizeyourpriorities #life #lifeslessons #instadaily https://www.instagram.com/p/CbBo7yYuOZZ/?utm_medium=tumblr

[mblessedsoul]

Set priorities, hustle hard and have everything you want this year. Become better version of yourself! Wish you all the very best and good of everything! #happynewyear 🎊✨🌟🎉❤️🤩🥰⭐🥳 . . . #2021 #welcome2021🎉🎉 #happynewyearquotes #happynewyear2021 #2021quotes #newyear #setpriorities #hustleharder #hustleandmotivate #betterversion #goodvibes #happyvibesonly https://www.instagram.com/p/CJe9yqvFRk3/?igshid=19hkt61guser5

[hochzeitbeiherder-blog]

Aus unserer wunderbaren Neuerscheinung „Coco“ von Nadine Sieger ❤️✨#coco #cocochanel #chanel #couture #fashion #iconic #rolemodel #femalepower #bookstagram #instabooks #welovebooks #lesenistleben #freedom #money #whatcounts #precious #setpriorities #wisewords #words (hier: Munich, Germany) https://www.instagram.com/p/Bqcrb_QBHoE/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=ijyfu6r42kt1

[dapurplecircle-blog]

#action #actionexpressespriorities #priorities #setpriorities #followthedream #followyourdreams #actions #moveforward #keepitmoving #onedirection #onestepatatime #successquotes #aimforthestars #aim #aimforgreatness #focus #focusonyourself #saturdaymorning #saturday #saturdaymotivation #successful #money #moneymoves #igdaily #instapost #instaquote #igquotes #daily #dapurplecircle

[thrivetank-blog]

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A post shared by Badass Zen ™️ Teacher, Entrepreneur Coach, Poet (@mslivianemeth)

#Success #priorities #setpriorities #anythingispossible #unstoppable #thrivetank #thrive #livianemeth #makeithappen #motivationalvideo #freedomentrepreneur #thriveinlife #followyourheart #dowhatmattersmost #femaleentrepreneur #femaleboss #femaleleader #womanentreprene #iamthearchitectofmylife

[feddownunder-blog]

▪️15 minutes a day equal 1 work-day every month. How might you use this time to help to achieve your goals? #setpriorities#followthepath#achieveyourgoals

[zetascience-blog]

Android 4.1 Rich Notifications

New Notification APIs in Android 4.1

Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) expanded the notification framework Now the apps can create big and rich notifications those can be expand or collapse with a pinch or swipe. The notifications added new content types including photos and have a configurable priority. The user could have multiple response for a status notification. Now with enhanced notification framework the android app developers can build really good notifications for the user. BigTextStyle — a notification that includes a multiline TextView object.BigInboxStyle — a notification that shows any kind of list such as messages, headlines, and so on.BigPictureStyle — a notification that showcases visual content such as a bitmap.In addition to the templated styles, you can create you own notification styles using any remote View. Apps can add up to three actions to a notification, which are displayed below the notification content. The actions let the users respond directly to the information in the notification in alternative ways. such as by email or by phone call, without visiting the app. With expandable notifications, apps can give more information to the user, effortlessly and on demand. Users remain in control and can long-press any notification to get information about the sender and optionally disable further notifications from the app. The setStyle() API allow you to set the new style for the notifications. The multiple actions to the notification can be add using addAction() API. The setPriority() method could be use to define the priority of the notification for the system.

[inspiringkrish]

Do you have these priorities in your life? ------------------ Would love to know your thoughts 🙏 - Double tap ♥️ Tag a friend 👇🏻 - If you found this post valuable, follow @inspiringkrish for more content like this delivered directly to your feed. Thank you ❤️ - Follow @inspiringkrish ————————————— #motivation #motivationfortheday #inspiration #inspirationdaily #priorities #prioritiesfirst #prioritiesmatter #lifepriorities #prioritiesinlife #knowyourpriorities #setpriorities #prioritiesforlife #prioritiescomefirst #prioritiesovereverything #prioritiesfirst💯 #prioritiesoverpleasure #prioritiesoflife #prioritizeyourpriorities #life #lifeslessons #instadaily https://www.instagram.com/p/Caq3asgJh6f/?utm_medium=tumblr

[tutorialcup]

Thread Priority in Java

Thread Priority in Java

In a Java multithreading environment, every thread has a priority which is an integer value between 1 and 10 where 1 is the lowest and 10 is the highest. Thread priority is an essential concept since the scheduler picks up the threads for execution based on the priority. The thread scheduler gives preference to higher priority threads. This means it executes the high priority threads first and then the low priority threads.  It also depends on the JVM implementation. If there are multiple threads with different priorities, it uses preemptive scheduling based on priority. Suppose if threads have the same priorities, then it may use the FCFS concept or waiting time.

Java thread Priority in Multithreading

Constant variables defining Thread priority

The Thread class has 3 constant variables that define the thread priorities. We can assign priorities for the user threads else the system automatically assigns default values. - MIN_PRIORITY: This is the minimum priority with a value of 1. public static int MIN_PRIORITY - NORM_PRIORITY: This is the default normal priority with a value of 5. public static int NORM_PRIORITY - MAX_PRIORITY: This is the maximum priority with a value of 10. public static int MAX_PRIORITY

Getter and setter methods for Thread priorities

We can get and set the priority values for threads in Java using the getPriority() and setPriority() methods. Based on these priorities, the thread scheduler decides the order of thread execution. We should also remember that there is no guarantee that the scheduler always executes the high priority threads first since it also depends on the JVM implementation. public final int getPriority() The getPriority() method retrieves the current priority value for a thread. It returns an integer value that represents the thread priority. Example: In the below example, we can see that system assigns default values to all the threads, which is 5. Using the getPriority() method, we can retrieve the thread priority value. Since all the threads have the same priority, the scheduler may either use the FCFS concept or use the waiting time value to decide the order of thread execution. public class ThreadPriorityDemo extends Thread{ public void run() { System.out.println("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " running"); } public static void main(String args) { ThreadPriorityDemo th1 = new ThreadPriorityDemo(); ThreadPriorityDemo th2 = new ThreadPriorityDemo(); ThreadPriorityDemo th3 = new ThreadPriorityDemo(); th1.start(); th2.start(); th3.start(); System.out.println("Priority of thread " + th1.getName() + " : " + th1.getPriority()); System.out.println("Priority of thread " + th2.getName() + " : " + th2.getPriority()); System.out.println("Priority of thread " + th3.getName() + " : " + th3.getPriority()); } } Priority of thread Thread-0 : 5 Priority of thread Thread-1 : 5 Priority of thread Thread-2 : 5 Thread Thread-0 running Thread Thread-1 running Thread Thread-2 running public final void setPriority(int newPriority) The setPriority() method allows the user to set new priority values for a thread. It accepts an integer value as a parameter that sets the new priority value to the thread. When we do not set priority for a thread, the system automatically sets some priority value for threads. Example: The below example shows how we can set the priority for threads using constant variables like MIN_PRIORITY, NORM_PRIORITY, MAX_PRIORITY. The thread that has maximum priority will be initiated first, else it depends on the JVM implementation as well. In this example, we can see that though the threads were started in a different order, it executes the thread with priority 10 first, followed by priority 5, and then finally with priority 1. public class setThreadPriority extends Thread { public void run() { System.out.println("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " started"); System.out.println("Thread with priority " + Thread.currentThread().getPriority() + " is running"); } public static void main(String args) { setThreadPriority t1 = new setThreadPriority(); setThreadPriority t2 = new setThreadPriority(); setThreadPriority t3 = new setThreadPriority(); t1.setPriority(MIN_PRIORITY); t2.setPriority(NORM_PRIORITY); t3.setPriority(MAX_PRIORITY); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } Thread Thread-2 started Thread with priority 10 is running Thread Thread-0 started Thread Thread-1 started Thread with priority 5 is running Thread with priority 1 is running We can also set user-defined integer values for setting the thread priority in Java. The below example illustrates the same. We can set any integer value between 1 and 10 as thread priority. Hence the scheduler executes the thread with priority 9 first, followed by 3, and then finally 1. public class setThreadPriority extends Thread { public void run() { System.out.println("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " started"); System.out.println("Thread with priority " + Thread.currentThread().getPriority() + " is running"); } public static void main(String args) { setThreadPriority t1 = new setThreadPriority(); setThreadPriority t2 = new setThreadPriority(); setThreadPriority t3 = new setThreadPriority(); t1.setPriority(3); t2.setPriority(9); t3.setPriority(1); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } Thread Thread-0 started Thread Thread-1 started Thread Thread-2 started Thread with priority 9 is running Thread with priority 3 is running Thread with priority 1 is running Suppose, we try to assign any integer value greater than 10 or less than 1, we will get an exception as below. public class setThreadPriority extends Thread { public void run() { System.out.println("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " started"); System.out.println("Thread with priority " + Thread.currentThread().getPriority() + " is running"); } public static void main(String args) { setThreadPriority t1 = new setThreadPriority(); setThreadPriority t2 = new setThreadPriority(); setThreadPriority t3 = new setThreadPriority(); t1.setPriority(3); t2.setPriority(9); t3.setPriority(15); //This will throw an exception t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException at java.base/java.lang.Thread.setPriority(Thread.java:1137) at setThreadPriority.main(setThreadPriority.java:15)

Example: Child thread inherits parent thread priority

When we do not specify any thread priority for a child thread, it always inherits the same priority from the parent thread. In the below example, we can see that both the parent thread(main) and the child threads have the same priorities. public class mainThreadDemo extends Thread { public void run() { System.out.println("Thread running"); } public static void main(String args) { Thread.currentThread().setPriority(7); System.out.println("Main thread priority: " + Thread.currentThread().getPriority()); mainThreadDemo t = new mainThreadDemo(); System.out.println("Child thread priority: " + t.getPriority()); t.start(); } } Main thread priority: 7 Child thread priority: 7 Thread running

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have seen how to get and set the thread priorities in Java using the getPriority and setPriority methods with examples. We have also seen how to use the constant variables that define the thread priorities. Reference Read the full article

[all-is-found]

#setpriorities

Elsa : You can’t marry a man you just met

Idunna: Sacrifices being able to see her family ever again, her entire way of life and becomes an orphan for a boy she briefly SAW let alone actually met

[hptposts]

Java Multithreading

3) Running

The thread is in running state if the thread scheduler has selected it.

Create Thread:

Thread()

Thread(String name)

Thread(Runnable r)

Thread(Runnable r,String name)

used method:

run, start, sleep, join, join milis, getPriority, setPriority, getName, setName, currentThread, getId, getState, isAlive, yield, suspend, resump, stop, isDaemon, setDaemon, interrupt, isInterrupted, interrupted.

Start thread: 

- by runnable, by extend Thread

Thread Scheduler in Java

Thread scheduler in java is the part of the JVM that decides which thread should run.

There is no guarantee that which runnable thread will be chosen to run by the thread scheduler.

Only one thread at a time can run in a single process.

The thread scheduler mainly uses preemptive or time slicing scheduling to schedule the threads.

Difference between preemptive scheduling and time slicing

Under preemptive scheduling, the highest priority task executes until it enters the waiting or dead states or a higher priority task comes into existence. Under time slicing, a task executes for a predefined slice of time and then reenters the pool of ready tasks. The scheduler then determines which task should execute next, based on priority and other factors.

--

Thread.sleep(500)

--

start a Thread twice: 

running       Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException

--

call run() -> only one 1 stack

--

join thread, naming thread, thread priority (high = strong)

--

Daemon thread:

Daemon Thread in Java

Daemon thread in java is a service provider thread that provides services to the user thread. Its life depend on the mercy of user threads i.e. when all the user threads dies, JVM terminates this thread automatically.

There are many java daemon threads running automatically e.g. gc, finalizer etc.

You can see all the detail by typing the jconsole in the command prompt. The jconsole tool provides information about the loaded classes, memory usage, running threads etc.

Points to remember for Daemon Thread in Java

It provides services to user threads for background supporting tasks. It has no role in life than to serve user threads.

Its life depends on user threads.

It is a low priority thread.

--

ThreadPool:

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  

class WorkerThread implements Runnable {  

   private String message;  

   public WorkerThread(String s){  

       this.message=s;  

   }  

    public void run() {  

       System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" (Start) message = "+message);  

       processmessage();//call processmessage method that sleeps the thread for 2 seconds  

       System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" (End)");//prints thread name  

   }  

   private void processmessage() {  

       try {  Thread.sleep(2000);  } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }  

   }  

}  

File: JavaThreadPoolExample.java

public class TestThreadPool {  

    public static void main(String[] args) {  

       ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);//creating a pool of 5 threads  

       for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  

           Runnable worker = new WorkerThread("" + i);  

           executor.execute(worker);//calling execute method of ExecutorService  

         }  

       executor.shutdown();  

       while (!executor.isTerminated()) {   }  

         System.out.println("Finished all threads");  

   }  

}  

--

ThreadGroup in Java

Java provides a convenient way to group multiple threads in a single object. In such way, we can suspend, resume or interrupt group of threads by a single method call.

--

Java Shutdown Hook

The shutdown hook can be used to perform cleanup resource or save the state when JVM shuts down normally or abruptly. Performing clean resource means closing log file, sending some alerts or something else. So if you want to execute some code before JVM shuts down, use shutdown hook.

When does the JVM shut down?The JVM shuts down when:

user presses ctrl+c on the command prompt

System.exit(int) method is invoked

user logoff

user shutdown etc.

--

If you have to perform single task by many threads, have only one run() method.For example:

class TestMultitasking2 implements Runnable{  

public void run(){  

System.out.println("task one");  

}  

 public static void main(String args[]){  

Thread t1 =new Thread(new TestMultitasking2());//passing annonymous object of TestMultitasking2 class  

Thread t2 =new Thread(new TestMultitasking2());  

 t1.start();  

t2.start();  

  }  

}  

If you have to perform multiple tasks by multiple threads,have multiple run() methods.For example: --

Java Garba@ge Collection

In java, garbage means unreferenced objects.

Garbage Collection is process of reclaiming the runtime unused memory automatically. In other words, it is a way to destroy the unused objects.

To do so, we were using free() function in C language and delete() in C++. But, in java it is performed automatically. So, java provides better memory management.

Advantage of Garbage Collection

It makes java memory efficient because garbage collector removes the unreferenced objects from heap memory.

It is automatically done by the garbage collector(a part of JVM) so we don't need to make extra efforts.

--

Java Runtime class

Java Runtime class is used to interact with java runtime environment. Java Runtime class provides methods to execute a process, invoke GC, get total and free memory etc. There is only one instance of java.lang.Runtime class is available for one java application.

The Runtime.getRuntime() method returns the singleton instance of Runtime class.

No.MethodDescription

1)public static Runtime getRuntime()returns the instance of Runtime class. 2)public void exit(int status)terminates the current virtual machine. 3)public void addShutdownHook(Thread hook)registers new hook thread. 4)public Process exec(String command)throws IOExceptionexecutes given command in a separate process. 5)public int availableProcessors()returns no. of available processors. 6)public long freeMemory()returns amount of free memory in JVM. 7)public long totalMemory()returns amount of total memory in JVM.

public class MemoryTest{  

 public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{  

  Runtime r=Runtime.getRuntime();  

  System.out.println("Total Memory: "+r.totalMemory());  

  System.out.println("Free Memory: "+r.freeMemory());  

      for(int i=0;i<10000;i++){  

   new MemoryTest();  

  }  

  System.out.println("After creating 10000 instance, Free Memory: "+r.freeMemory());  

  System.gc();  

  System.out.println("After gc(), Free Memory: "+r.freeMemory());  

 }  

}  

[thebrevitysoftware-blog]

How to Get Heads Up notifications in Android

Android Lollipop brings lots of good things for devices. One of the most useful things is to make the design attractive with animation by material design, along with that it also introduces a new type of notification which is known as “Heads-up notification.

When the device gets a high-priority notification, it thinks like as floating window notifications that appear at the top of the screen and will be presented to the user for short period of time with an expanded layout and exposing possible actions. You can either tap them to open them or swipe them away to dismiss them. This type of notification appears only when the device is active (that is, the device is unlocked and its screen is on).

Heads-up Notification will alerts user on an incoming phone call, alarm, new message, low battery, calendar-based events etc. If Notification’s priority is flagged as High, Max, or full-screen, it gets a Heads-up notification. User can also configure priority modes from

 Settings -> Sound & notification ->Interruptions

From here User can set all type of setting for Notification.

 Note: Heads-up notifications were introduced in Android lollipop and + version.

 Also Read: Different Types Of Notifications in Android

 Here is an example code of Heads-up notification :

[cc lang=”java”]//build notification NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this) .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.notification_icon) .setContentTitle(“Ping Notification”) .setContentText(“Tomorrow will be your birthday.”) .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL)

 // must requires VIBRATE permission .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_HIGH)

 //must give priority to High, Max which will be considered a heads-up notification .addAction(R.drawable.dismiss, getString(R.string.dismiss), piDismiss) .addAction(R.drawable.snooze, getString(R.string.snooze), piSnooze);

//set intents and pending intents to call service on click of “dismiss” action button of notification Intent dismissIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class); dismissIntent.setAction(ACTION_DISMISS); PendingIntent piDismiss = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, dismissIntent, 0);

//set intents and pending intents to call service on click of “snooze” action button of notification Intent snoozeIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class); snoozeIntent.setAction(ACTION_SNOOZE); PendingIntent piSnooze = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, snoozeIntent, 0);

// Gets an instance of the NotificationManager service NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

/* Notification for oreo*/

String channelId = “channel-01”; String channelName = “Demo”; int importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH;

if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) { NotificationChannel mChannel = new NotificationChannel( channelId, channelName, importance); notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(mChannel); }

//to post your notification to the notification bar with an id. If a notification with the same id already exists, it will get replaced with updated information.

notificationManager.notify(0, builder.build()); [/cc]

 There are some issues with Heads-up Notification like below:

First,     the “heads-up” card shows you only a tiny snippet of message-oriented     notifications and provides no way to expand them and view their full     contents without switching over to the source app (e.g. Hangouts, Gmail,     or whatever is sending the alert).

If     you are in the middle of doing something else on your device and don’t     want to deal with an incoming “heads-up” notification right away but you     want to keep it around so you’ll remember to deal with it later but you     have only choice to stop what you are doing and wait about 10 seconds     until the card disappears, at which point it’ll move up into your     notification panel as a regular alert. If you swipe the card away, the     notification will get dismissed.

If you want to disable heads-up notification, there is not any official way but you can do by a third-party app which you can find in play store.

[jeeteshsurana]

Notification in android studio kotlin  

 private val notificationManager: NotificationManager by lazy { getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager }    private val notificationIntent by lazy {         PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, Intent(this, CallServices::class.java).apply { action = ACTION_MAIN }, 0)     }     private val closeIntent by lazy {         PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, Intent(this, CallServices::class.java).apply {             action = NOTIFICATION_ACTION_CALL_CLOSE         }, 0)     }     private val declineIntent by lazy {         PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, Intent(this, CallServices::class.java).apply {             action = NOTIFICATION_ACTION_CALL_DECLINE         }, 0)     }     private val acceptIntent by lazy {         PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, Intent(this, CallServices::class.java).apply {             action = NOTIFICATION_ACTION_CALL_ACCEPT         }, 0)     } internal fun showNotification(type: NotificationType) {         LogUtils.e(CommonTAG, "CN->CallServices FN--> showNotification() type--> $type")         val notification: Notification = when (type) {             NotificationType.STARTUP -> {                 getStartupNotification(this, callType, usageType, this.notificationIntent, acceptIntent, declineIntent, this.closeIntent)!!             }             NotificationType.ONGOING -> {                 val builder = CallsNotificationUtils.getBaseBuilder(this, notificationIntent, callType, usageType)                 with(builder) {                     this.addAction(NotificationCompat.Action.Builder(0, getString(R.string.action_calls_hangup), closeIntent).build())                 }                 builder.setOngoing(true).build()             }             NotificationType.MISSED_CALL -> {                 val appIntent = Intent(this, if ((this.applicationContext as MyApp).foregroundManager.isForeground) CallActivity::class.java else SplashActivity::class.java)                 appIntent.action = Intent.ACTION_MAIN                 val appPending = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, appIntent, 0)                 val builder = CallsNotificationUtils.getBaseBuilder(this, appPending, callType, usageType, autoCancel = true, ongoing = false, body = getString(R.string.calls_missed_from, showedName))                 builder.setAutoCancel(true).build()             }             NotificationType.ACCEPT_CALL -> {                 //speaker pending Intent                 val speakerIntent = Intent(this, CallServices::class.java)                 speakerIntent.action = NOTIFICATION_ACTION_CALL_SPEAKER                 val speakerPending = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, speakerIntent, 0)                 //mute pending Intent                 val muteIntent = Intent(this, CallServices::class.java)                 muteIntent.action = NOTIFICATION_ACTION_CALL_MUTE                 val mutePending = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, muteIntent, 0)                 val builder = CallsNotificationUtils.getBaseBuilder(this, notificationIntent, callType, usageType)                 with(builder) {                     // adds usual "Hang up" action                     this.addAction(NotificationCompat.Action.Builder(0, getString(R.string.action_calls_hangup), closeIntent).build())                     // adds "Toggle speaker" action                     if (!isSpeaker) this.addAction(NotificationCompat.Action.Builder(0, getString(R.string.action_calls_speaker), speakerPending).build())                     else this.addAction(NotificationCompat.Action.Builder(0, getString(R.string.action_calls_earpiece), speakerPending).build())                     // adds "Toggle mute" action                     if (!isMute) this.addAction(NotificationCompat.Action.Builder(0, getString(R.string.action_calls_mute), mutePending).build())                     else this.addAction(NotificationCompat.Action.Builder(0, getString(R.string.action_calls_un_mute), mutePending).build())                 }                 callStatus = VoiceVideoStatus.ACCEPT                 builder.build()             }         }         notificationManager.notify(SERVICE_NOTIFICATION_ID, notification)     } fun getBaseBuilder(context: Context, primaryPendingIntent: PendingIntent, callType: VoiceVideoCallType, usageType: VoiceVideoUsageType, ongoing: Boolean = true, autoCancel: Boolean = false, title: String? = null, body: String? = null): NotificationCompat.Builder {         val channelID = context.getString(R.string.notification_channel_id_calls)         if (hasOreo()) {             val callInviteChannel = NotificationChannel(channelID, context.getString(R.string.notif_channel_calls_description), NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH)             callInviteChannel.description = context.getString(R.string.notif_channel_calls_description)             callInviteChannel.lockscreenVisibility = Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE             callInviteChannel.enableVibration(false)             callInviteChannel.enableLights(true)             callInviteChannel.lightColor = Color.RED             (context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager).createNotificationChannel(callInviteChannel)         }         return NotificationCompat.Builder(context, channelID).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification_tray).setContentTitle(if (!title.isNullOrBlank()) title         else {             context.getString(R.string.call_notif_title, context.getString(R.string.app_name))         }).setContentText(if (!body.isNullOrBlank()) body         else {             context.getString(if (usageType == VoiceVideoUsageType.OUTGOING) {                 if (callType == VoiceVideoCallType.VOICE) R.string.call_notif_body_out_vc                 else R.string.call_notif_body_out_vd             } else {                 if (callType == VoiceVideoCallType.VOICE) R.string.call_notif_body_inc_vc                 else R.string.call_notif_body_inc_vd             })         }).setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_MAX).setAutoCancel(autoCancel).setOngoing(ongoing).setTicker(context.getString(R.string.call_notif_title, context.getString(R.string.app_name))).setContentIntent(primaryPendingIntent).setOnlyAlertOnce(true).setCategory(NotificationCompat.CATEGORY_CALL).setColor(ContextCompat.getColor(context, R.color.colorAccent))     }

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The root causes of crime

The pursuit of the understanding of the main causes of crime becomes a very difficult endeavor . Some say that it comes from the feeling of greed , our surrounding growing up, family trait or the lack of intelligence. To better understand the matter I believe it is incredible important to acknowledge that  Individuals need to be responsible for their own actions. An understanding of root causes cannotand should not be seen as a way to absolve us from personal accountability. However, whileindividuals have an obligation to act responsibly and with respect for their fellow citizens,communities have a responsibility to address those conditions, which hinder healthydevelopment and can become the breeding ground for rime. The root causes of crime are welldocumented and researched. Crime is primarily the outcome of multiple adverse social,economic, cultural and family conditions. To prevent crime it is important to have an understanding of its roots.                    The economy of the country is one of the main factors in the increase or decline in crime activity.In addition to lack of financial resources, poverty manifests itself in a lack of educationalopportunities, lack of meaningful employment options, poor housing, lack of hope and theprejudice against persons living in poverty.Our social structure mirrors to citizens and communities what we value and how we setpriorities. Social root causes of crime are: inequality, not sharing power, lack of support tofamilies and neighborhoods, real or perceived inaccessibility to services, lack of leadership incommunities, low value placed on children and individual well-being, the overexposure totelevision as a means of recreation.Many researchers  study the theory  of believing that family structures has  a big role  in criminals.The CSCPC believes that families are uniquely placed in contributing to raising healthyresponsible members of society. But the task of putting children first goes well beyond thefamily to include communities and society. Dysfunctional family conditions contribute to futuredelinquency. The conditions  that might lead to a life of crime might include:Parental inadequacy,Parental conflict , Parental criminality ,Lack of communication (both in quality and quantity),Lack of respect and responsibility,Abuse and neglect of children,Family violence. It has come time to go from reacting to crimes with violence  to  having  a real  goal as a society to prevent crimes.Crime can be closely linked to the conditions for children in our community. There is a stronglink between reducing risk and building resilience in children and decreasing crime. Problemsarise when the larger social, political and economic systems within which children live jeopardize the family's resources and create stress on the family unit. As a result, the provision of appropriate care and required resources to all children will have great significance for their long term physical, intellectual, and emotional well-being and their development into independent, healthy adults. I truly believe Thecriminal of tomorrow is often the vulnerable child of today.Vulnerable children are those at risk for significant and enduring social, emotional, or behavioral problems. These children are more likely to be dependent on public resources over the course of their development, particularly through the child welfare, social assistance, corrections, or mental health service systems. All children are potentially vulnerable and may develop emotional or behavioral problems when their own physical or emotional resources are unable to meet the challenges of their social and physical environment.There are three levels of prevention: Primary prevention efforts try to ensure the health of the community as a whole byattempting tostop adverse conditions from developing in the first place. Programs which address parenting,family support, adequate housing, etc. could all be considered primary prevention if they areuniversally accessible and offered before any difficulties are identified. Primary prevention canbe the most cost-effective method of dealing with a problem because it can reduce costs in manydifferent areas over the long term. Universal programs are only ever as effective as their abilityto include and support populations at risk.Secondary prevention attempts to stop a crime from occurring after certain "warning signs" haveappeared. An example might be programs, which focus on a specific problem or problem group.Anti-social ordelinquent behavior (e.g., disrespect for school staff; spray-painting slogans onbuildings) can often be stopped through early intervention in problem situations beforethey become more serious and lead to a life of crime or victimization.Law enforcement efforts generally fall into the category of tertiary prevention. Sentencing aperson to prison ensures that they will not commit a crime while serving their sentence. This iscrime prevention after the fact because the person is known to the community and has alreadybroken the law. While these measures ensure (for a time) that an offender cannot commit anotheroffense they cannot reverse the effects of the original crime.        It is crucial to understand the main risk factors .When several risk factors are combined, there is a higher probability that crime occurs. "RootCause" is not the most accurate term when talking about risk factors. In fact a cause-effect mindset makes it too easy to assume that the existence of a risk factor inevitably leads to criminality.For example, the research literature overwhelmingly points to poverty as a factor in criminalbehavior. However, many poor people do not engage in crime. A great deal of research andstudy has taken place in the field of criminology over the past 50 years. The data is supported bylife-cycle studies in other disciplines including health, education and social science. Researchfrom studies in Europe, Canada and the U.S. examined personal characteristics of convictedoffenders, relationships with family and peers, self reporting data, neighborhood characteristicsand other data to come to four major conclusions: Occasional and Persistent Delinquents,We need to distinguish between occasional and persistent offenders. For example, 81% ofadolescents commit a criminal offence at some time during their adolescence (e.g. mischief,experimentation with drugs, shoplifting, etc.); 9% of adolescent offenders commit seriousoffenses. In economically disadvantaged areas, 7% of men are responsible for over 50% of alloffenses. Persistent offenders engage in criminal behavior earlier and continue longer.High Crime Areas are the focus points  of many  criminality analytical to acknowledge the roots of crime.  Crime rates differ markedly within cities as well as different areas across Canada. For example,northern communities in Canada have substantially higher violent and property crimes than thenational average. Police forces everywhere can point to neighbor hoods and urban areas whichexperience higher crime rates.Risk factors combine to make the probability of criminal behavior more likely. No one variableshould be considered in isolation. Following are the major risk factors supported in research.Many persistent offenders begin their involvement in anti-social activities before and duringadolescence. Age alone is not a risk factor. It must be looked at in context of poverty, racism,family violence, parental and community neglect and problems at school. Research intopersistent offending has emphasized the need to focus prevention efforts on early childhoodyears. Birth to age 5 is the most critical time for healthy social and emotional development. In our current society , gender is use to  understand crime.While crime rates for females have increased in recent years, males are much more likely to beinvolved in crime. The research points out that crime usually involves aggression, risk taking anpredatory behavior. I want to conclude this paper by expressing what is the main cause of crime in my opinion. Social and Economic Disadvantage goes to the top of my list when it comes to the causes of breaking the law. Low family income and poor housing often amplify poor parental supervision, marital disharmony, inconsistent care, poor nutrition, chronic health care problems, poor school performance and psychological disorders. Unsatisfactory living conditions are particularly stressful during pregnancy. Fetal development is negatively affected by maternal stress. Such stress has shown to be closely related to ill-health, neurological problems, slow development and behaviour disturbances in children. While there is not direct cause and effect relationship between poverty and crime, the conditions arising out of poverty combine to create "high" risk populations who are over-represented in the criminal justice system. Read the full article