#selfpollination

[tutoroot]

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Self Pollination and Cross Pollination? 

Pollination is the mechanism through which plants reproduce. It involves the movement of pollen grains from the male anther to the female stigma. This process ensures the fertilization of the ovule, leading to seed formation and the propagation of plant species. 

What is Self-Pollination? 

Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. This type of pollination does not require external agents like wind, water, or animals. 

This process does not require external agents like wind, water, or animals. 

Few Self Pollination Examples

The examples of self-pollination are given below, 

Pea Plants (Pisum sativum): Known for their self-pollinating ability, pea plants have flowers that close tightly, ensuring that pollen falls directly onto the stigma. 

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum): These plants can self-pollinate within the same flower, thanks to their structure that facilitates direct pollen transfer. 

Wheat (Triticum aestivum): Another example of self-pollinating plants, wheat often fertilizes itself before the flower even opens. 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Self Pollination

The major advantages and disadvantages of of self-pollination are, 

Advantages: 

Genetic Consistency: Produces offspring genetically identical to the parent, ensuring trait stability. 

No Dependence on Pollinators: Eliminates the need for pollinators, which can be scarce in some environments. 

Efficient Reproduction: Allows rapid and efficient reproduction, beneficial in stable environments. 

Disadvantages: 

Lack of Genetic Diversity: Results in less genetic variation, which can make plants more susceptible to diseases and environmental changes. 

Inbreeding Depression: Continuous self-pollination can lead to inbreeding depression, reducing plant vigor and fertility. 

What is Cross Pollination? 

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther of one flower is transferred to the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species. This process often involves external agents like insects, wind, or water. 

And this process requires external agents such as wind, water, insects, birds, or other animals. 

Cross Pollination Example for Better Understanding

Here are a few best examples of cross pollination, 

Apple Trees (Malus domestica): Apple trees rely heavily on insects, especially bees, for cross-pollination. The bees transfer pollen from one apple flower to another, facilitating fertilization. 

Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo): These plants depend on bees to move pollen between male and female flowers, ensuring successful fruit production. 

Oak Trees (Quercus spp.): Wind plays a crucial role in the cross-pollination of oak trees, carrying pollen from one tree to another over long distances. 

Types of Cross Pollination 

4 major types of cross-pollination have existed. Here is the complete information for types of cross pollination. 

1. Entomophily (Insect Pollination)

Entomophily involves the transfer of pollen by insects, such as bees, butterflies, and beetles. These insects are attracted to flowers by their color, scent, and nectar. When insects visit flowers to collect nectar, they inadvertently pick up pollen and transfer it to other flowers. 

Example: Bees and Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) – Bees visit sunflowers for nectar and, in the process, carry pollen from one flower to another, aiding in cross-pollination. 

2. Anemophily (Wind Pollination)

Anemophily occurs when pollen is carried by the wind from one flower to another. This type of pollination is common in grasses, trees, and other plants with lightweight, dry pollen that can be easily transported by the breeze. 

Example: Corn (Zea mays) – Corn plants produce large amounts of lightweight pollen that are dispersed by the wind to other corn plants, facilitating cross-pollination. 

3. Hydrophily (Water Pollination)

Hydrophily is a form of pollination where pollen is transferred through water. This type of pollination is rare and usually occurs in aquatic plants. 

Example: Vallisneria spiralis – In this aquatic plant, male flowers release pollen onto the water surface, which is then carried by water currents to female flowers for fertilization. 

4. Zoophily (Animal Pollination)

Zoophily involves the transfer of pollen by animals other than insects, such as birds, bats, and other mammals. These animals visit flowers for food, and during their visits, they help in transferring pollen. 

Example: Hummingbirds and Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) – Hummingbirds feed on the nectar of hibiscus flowers and, in the process, transfer pollen from one flower to another. 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross Pollination 

Here listed the advantages and disadvantages of cross pollination. 

Advantages: 

Genetic Diversity: Promotes genetic variation, enhancing plant adaptability and resilience to environmental changes. 

Hybrid Vigor: Cross-pollination can result in hybrid vigor, producing stronger and more robust offspring. 

Disadvantages: 

Dependence on Pollinators: Relies on external agents, which may not always be available, potentially limiting reproduction. 

Energy Intensive: Requires more energy to produce attractants like nectar, scent, and brightly colored flowers. 

Self-Pollination and Cross-Pollination Diagram 

Diagrams are instrumental in understanding the processes of self-pollination and cross-pollination. In self-pollination, the pollen moves within the same flower or plant. In cross-pollination, pollen travels from one plant to another, facilitated by wind, water, or animals. Visual representations can highlight these differences and illustrate the roles of various pollinators. 

Understanding self-pollination and cross-pollination is fundamental for studying plant biology and agriculture. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, influencing plant reproduction, genetic diversity, and adaptability. Recognizing these differences helps in appreciating the complexity and efficiency of nature’s reproductive strategies. 

Looking for clear explanations and a deeper understanding of various concepts? Visit the Tutoroot Blog for simplified learning experiences. Enhance your knowledge and get your questions answered with Tutoroot Biology online tuitions. Start your journey with Tutoroot’s online home tuitions today by scheduling a FREE DEMO session. 

[preponias]

Self-Pollination

[mycthefirefly]

Beggartick and strawberry are both bisexual flowers, where beggarticks cannot self-pollinate and strawberries can. Not being able to self-pollinate--->hybrid vigor--->beggarticks are everywhere. Misshapen strawberries are often times the results of self-pollination.

But you know they are just as sweet. And the flower is still just as pretty.

[acsec]

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A post shared by Jéthro Salapare (@filipinoscientist)

self-pollination 🌺🐝🌺 pollinator: “Bombus pascuorum” or the common carder bee pollinee (😜): “Echium creticum” or Cretan viper’s bugloss Campus Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France 🇫🇷 #amazingadventuresofbeaujethro #selfpollination #pollination #pollinators #valrose #univ_cotedazur #univ_nice #nice #nice06 #france #ilovenice #nicetourisme #spring #printemps #flowers #fleur #carderbee #cretanvipersbugloss #nature #bioinspiration #insect #bee #science #filipinoscientist #biology #chemistry #physics (at Nice, France) https://www.instagram.com/p/CAssoFRCq0e/?igshid=4ngk8c70jecp

[growninhaiti]

I can’t speak for those super market papayas but this seedless papaya is completely organic. Papayas are one of the few plants that can still provide fruit even without being pollinated. That’s because this particular tree produces flowers with a stamen and pistil, the male and female organs in single flower. Hermaphrodite trees have capacity to produce fruits without pollination. ・・・ #growninhaiti #papaya #fruit #seedless #organic #hermaphrodite #reforestation #foodforest #agroforestry #foodsecurity #healthiswealth #selfpollinating #tropicalfruits #exoticfruits https://www.instagram.com/p/CWthT9fOfIC/?utm_medium=tumblr

[seedkeeping]

Lettuce flowers are actually inflorescences made up of 10-25 florets, which are all receptive to pollen for a few hours on the same morning. The structure of the flower almost always leads to self-pollination, though a very small percentage of cross pollination from insects is possible, so John Navazio, author of "The Organic Seed Grower: A Farmer's Guide to Vegetable Seed Production" recommends 10-50 feet of isolation between different lettuce varieties depending on crop type and barriers that may be present in the landscape. #lettuceflower #lettuceinflorescence #lettuceflorets #seedsaving #selfpollinate #isolationdistance

[frightenedhazelnoot]

Are you a bisexual flower?? Are both stamilate and pistilate structures present in your plant morphology?? Do you carry the ability to selfpollinize?????? Congratulations

[thegardeninggoodlife]

17/3/18 The birds and the bees ... I’ve been learning all about pollination this evening! 🌸 + 🐦 + 🐝 = 🍑🍑🍑 And thanks for the horticultural advice @imogens_orchard! Apparently #peachtrees are self-pollinating, but I was a little worried that I might not get #peaches this year since I brought the #peachtree in to protect the #blossoms from the snow and frost, but the flat is really warm so all the buds have opened 🌸 and obviously there are no bees or insects to help with the pollination, if it needs it. So I’ve been reading up how to give nature a helping hand but came unstuck because I didn’t pay attention in biology class and couldn’t identify which was the male and female blossom! Apparently, I was paying attention though as we never learned about hermaphrodite blossoms which have male and female parts in the same flower! Fingers crossed 🤞🏻 (and it’s going back out on the #balconygarden as soon as the weather is better so that nature can do its thing, in case I wasn’t successful!) Also, I promise I was gentle but the video makes it sound a lot more vigorous than it was 😂 #balconygardening #peachblossom #peachwatch #peachwatch2018 #stamen #stigma #pollen #pollination #selfpollination #thegardeninggoodlife #peaches #blossomwatch

[auguste-the-label]

@selfpollination bringing sunshine to your weekend #littleauguste https://instagr.am/p/CCiUpVVnbtZ/

[tutoroot]

What are Self Pollination and Cross Pollination? 

Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. This type of pollination does not require external agents like wind, water, or animals. Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther of one flower is transferred to the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species. This process often involves external agents like insects, wind, or water. Visit the Tutoroot Blog for simplified learning experiences. 

[frederica-10passions]

#flowersradiatebeauty #flowerphotography #growing #flowersdaily #hope #planting #life #flowersofinstagram  #flowerstagram #pollinator #beesareimportant #flowers #gardenersofinstagram #joy #savethebees #flora #lovelyflower #blackandwhitephotos #todaysflowers #flowerstalking #wednesdays #garden #plants #motivation #photogrid #gardening #zucchini #squash #selfpollination #spring https://www.instagram.com/p/B_ADmWKJug2/?igshid=1mqop5qlyp0jn

[mijntuin]

Fruit to be: put strawberries in the greenhouse so they would flower sooner, then brought them out for pollination in case it doesn’t selfpollinate. Mulched with cypress leaves from Christmas decoration. Leaves can be used for tea.

[acsec]

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A post shared by Jéthro Salapare (@filipinoscientist)

quiz: self or cross pollination? 😉 civil war na to hehe 😂 comment ur answer and don’t forget to subscribe chos 😂🤪 btw parang papel de hapon ang petals 🌸🎏 #amazingadventuresofbeaujethro #biology #botany #flowers #spring #printemps #pollination #selfpollination #crosspollination #plant #bee #pollen #filipinoscientist #postdoc #nice #nice06 #france #ilovenice #science #creation (à Nice, France)

[exetertrees]

Magnolia × soulangeana (saucer magnolia) is a hybrid plant in the genus Magnolia and family Magnoliaceae. It is a deciduous tree with large, early-blooming flowers in various shades of white, pink, and purple. It is also known as Chinese Magnolia It is one of the most commonly used magnolias in horticulture, being widely planted in the British Isles, especially in the south of England; and in the United States, especially the east and west coasts. M. x soulangeana is a spreading deciduous tree or large shrub to 6m tall, with obovate leaves to 20cm long, and white, pink or purple, goblet-shaped flowers up to 25cm across in spring. There are around 210 species of magnolia that differ in size, shape, colour of the flower and type of habitat. Magnolia is an ancient genus. Appearing before bees did, the flowers are theorized to have evolved to encourage pollination by beetles. The natural range of Magnolia species is a disjunct distribution (two or more groups that are related but widely separated from each other geographically), with a main centre in east and southeast Asia and a secondary centre in eastern North America, Central America, the West Indies, and some species in South America. They have been naturalised to almost all continents in the world because of their beauty. Magnolias do not produce nectar. Instead, they have pollen enriched with proteins which bees use as food. Flowers release sugary scent which attracts pollinators. Magnolia flowers are protogynous, which means that the flowers first open with the female parts of the flower receptive, then close, and reopen with the male parts (stamens) ready to shed pollen. This evolutionary adaptation increases the likelihood of cross-pollination rather than selfpollination, thus widening the gene pool. Magnolia flowers are typically pollinated by beetles. Magnolias flowers do not produce nectar but they do produce large quantities of pollen. The pollen is high in protein and the beetles use it for food. There are many different types of beetles that pollinate the various species of magnolias. Magnolia produces cone-like fruits coming in reddish-brown; they contain red seeds in the shape of kidney. The seeds mature in the mid-end of the autumn and they are favourite food of many birds. According to the Tree Register, the tallest recorded magnolia tree in the UK is a Magnolia campbellii. It can be found in Clyne Gardens, Swansea and stands a lofty 26m high. There are 147 wild magnolias in danger of extinction from a global total of 304 species, according to the IUCN Red List. ===Scientific classification=== Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Magnoliids Order: Magnoliales Family: Magnoliaceae Genus: Magnolia

[maisondefemmes]

🐝 via @selfpollination . . #flowers #magnolia #bee #bees #magicbees #cosmicbees (at Sydney, Australia) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJxkRugnGm3/?igshid=123uccqiz21tk

[seedkeeping]

Bolting Philadelphia Dutch Butter Lettuce from the side. Reaching high to catch the many eyes of flying insects looking for a meal. Enticing them in with their clusters of flowers in each flowerhead, each open for as little as half an hour, like a bouquet, like a banquet, even though they can pollinate themselves just fine: its style pushed up through its cone of anthers, coated with its own pollen. In the corners of this shot, hints of epic sunflowers, wisps of the Coral Sorghum, West Philly. #selfpollination #pollination #lettuceflowers #bolting