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The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses)  The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced (CONT) Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow

E-mail mrwaheid@gmail.com, mrwaheid1@yahoo.com gergesgerges@yandex.ru ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous VK https://vk.com/id696655587 Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/blog/itsgerges Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile Pocket https://getpocket.com/@646g8dZ0p3aX5Ad1bsTr4d9THjA5p6a5b2fX99zd54g221E4bs76eBdtf6aJw5d0?src=navbar box https://app.box.com/s/47fwd0gshir636xt0i3wpso8lvvl8vnv Academia https://rudn.academia.edu/GergesTawadrous publications http://vixra.org/author/gerges_francis_tawdrous Slideshare https://www.slideshare.net/Gergesfrancis

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Cosmic microwave background experiments could probe connection between cosmic inflation, particle physics

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[ultrimio]

Quantum Fluctuations and the Genesis of Primordial Black Holes: A Novel Perspective

The formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) is a topic of intense research in modern cosmology, with implications for our understanding of dark matter and the early universe. Recent studies have suggested that PBHs could be a viable candidate for dark matter, but the exact mechanisms governing their formation remain unclear. Investigations into the role of quantum fluctuations in the early universe have shed new light on the genesis of PBHs.

Coherent Oscillations and the Amplification of Quantum Fluctuations

During the epoch of cosmic inflation, the universe underwent a rapid expansion, leading to the formation of quantum fluctuations in the density and energy of the universe. These fluctuations can be thought of as "ripples" or "waves" that propagate through the universe, influencing the formation of structures on large scales. Findings have revealed that these fluctuations can occasionally become coherent, leading to an amplification of their effects. This coherence can be understood in terms of synchronized oscillations, where individual fluctuations begin to oscillate in sync, creating a more powerful and cohesive pattern.

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Implications for Dark Matter and the Early Universe

The implications of these findings are far-reaching, with potential consequences for our understanding of dark matter and the early universe. If PBHs are not as abundant as previously thought, alternative explanations for dark matter must be considered. Furthermore, these discoveries suggest that the early universe may have been more complex and dynamic than previously assumed, with coherent oscillations playing a key role in shaping the universe's evolution. As we continue to explore the mysteries of the early universe, these findings provide a new perspective on the intricate dance of quantum fluctuations and their role in shaping the cosmos.

Future Directions and Prospects

These discoveries open up new avenues for exploration, including the development of more sophisticated models of PBH formation and the investigation of alternative explanations for dark matter. The upcoming observations by terrestrial gravitational wave observatories, such as LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, will provide a unique opportunity to test these predictions and further our understanding of the early universe. As we continue to probe the mysteries of the cosmos, these findings serve as a reminder of the power of interdisciplinary approaches, combining insights from quantum mechanics, cosmology, and gravitational physics to shed new light on the universe's most fundamental questions.

[vinnieworld]

The Role of Iron in pathogenic gram- negative bacteria; Neisseria meningitidis

Author: Bharathi Kavindi Jayaratne AbstractIron is essential for pathogenic growth and colonisation. Hence, it plays an important role in infections caused by bacteria. Pathogens such as bacteria isolate iron from the host through various molecules and receptors, allowing the bacteria to survive the host’s immune responses and defense mechanisms. Which the growth, replication, metabolism, and…

[trendbuzzin]

India's Historic Solar Mission: Aditya-L1

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[technobroo]

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[alishaaishu2000]

Homogeneous

Homogeneous systems are characterized by uniform composition and properties throughout. In chemistry, they refer to mixtures or reactions where the components exist in a single phase, such as solutions where solutes are dissolved in solvents uniformly. Homogeneous catalysis involves catalysts in the same phase as the reactants, often leading to efficient and selective chemical processes. This concept plays a vital role in various fields, from industrial synthesis to biochemistry.

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The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses)  The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced (CONT) Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow E-mail mrwaheid1@yahoo.com gergesgerges@yandex.ru ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous VK https://vk.com/id696655587 Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/blog/itsgerges Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile Pocket https://getpocket.com/@646g8dZ0p3aX5Ad1bsTr4d9THjA5p6a5b2fX99zd54g221E4bs76eBdtf6aJw5d0?src=navbar box https://app.box.com/s/47fwd0gshir636xt0i3wpso8lvvl8vnv Academia https://rudn.academia.edu/GergesTawadrous publications http://vixra.org/author/gerges_francis_tawdrous Slideshare https://www.slideshare.net/Gergesfrancis

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This PhD opportunity might be the perfect fit!View vacancy     PhD in Fungal Pathogens Biology, Microscopy and BioinformaticsFaculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on15-7-2024PhD position at the intersection between medical microbiology, fluorescence microscopy and technology development.View vacancy PhD: Individual behaviour under climate change risks1 / 1Faculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on29-7-2024Are you keen to contribute to increasing climate-resilience in Europe? Would you like to study how individuals take actions to prepare for multi-hazard climate risks? Then you could be the ideal PhD candidate to join our team! Please apply.View vacancy Lecturer-researcher on non-discrimination law and sexual justice0.8 / 1Faculty of LawResearch, TeacherMScCloses on15-9-2024Do you want to become an academic who does critical legal research and has excellent teaching skills? This is your opportunity to obtain a PhD in in the fields of EU non-discrimination law, human rights law and law and technology!View vacancy Assistant Professor Neuroscience Proteomics research team1 / 1Faculty of ScienceResearchPostdocCloses on15-7-2024The Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (https://cncr.nl) is seeking an Assistant Professor for their Neuroscience Proteomics research team.View vacancy Phd: Sex and gender differences in the working mechanisms of addiction0.8 / 1Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesPhDMScCloses on26-8-2024Are you passionate about understanding sex and gender differences in the working mechanisms of addiction? Do you have strong statistical and computational skills? Would you like to work with big longitudinal datasets? Join our team as a PhD student.View vacancy Postdoc Researcher in Liver Models for Toxicity Testing0.8 / 1Faculty of ScienceResearcher / PostdocPostdocCloses on18-7-2024Do you have experience in 3D or organoid cell culture? Do you like working with challenging human- iPSC based systems? Then Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam would like to get to know you. Apply for the position of Postdoc Researcher.View vacancy     PhD: Adoption of Functional Agrobiodiversity and Modelling Ecosystem Services0.8 / 1Faculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on15-7-2024Do you have knowledge of spatial analysis and modelling, and experience with survey methods? Are you interested in multidisciplinary work, and contributing to more sustainable forms of pest regulation in arable farming? Then we are looking for you!View vacancy PhD: Circular Economy of Water in the Dutch Delta0.8 / 1Faculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on15-7-2024Are you interested in environmental economics and want to work in an interdisciplinary project developing circular economy strategies for sustainable freshwater management under climate change in the Dutch Delta region? Then we are looking for you!View vacancy Postdoc Polar ecology and cumulative impacts of tourism0.8 / 0.8Faculty of ScienceResearcher / PostdocPostdocCloses on31-7-2024Tourism is potentially threatening Antarctic ecosystems, but relatively little is known about the cumulative impacts of repeat visits on Antarctic biodiversity and wilderness valuesView vacancy PhD Position in Structural Bioinformatics/Computational BiologyFaculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on31-7-2024ODORWISE – Unravelling Odorant Detection Mechanisms for Biosensors in Sustainable Healthcare. If you are interested to join this exciting research in olfactory science and bioinformatics, please apply to Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.View vacancy POSTDOC USING ADVANCED CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO STUDY PHOTOREACTIONS0.8 / 1Faculty of ScienceResearcher / PostdocPostdocCloses on31-7-2024Serial Crystallography (SX) is an emerging method of visualising the interaction of macromolecules with light. A postdoctoral position in SX is available. Please apply at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.View vacancy Postdoc on Ethnography of Robots at work0.8 / 1School of Business and EconomicsResearcher / PostdocMScAre you an experienced ethnographic researcher with a PhD on the topic of technology and work? Then consider applying for a postdoc to continue your research and specialize on the topic of robotics at work!View vacancy Read the full article

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The Catastrophic Scenario If Earth Drifts Off into Space  What If the Earth Drifts Off into Space? Loss of Sunlight, Freezing Temperatures, Depletion of Oxygen, and More! Find out the Consequences and How We Can Prevent It. #SpaceDisaster #EarthCatastrophe #ProtectingOurPlanet #Sustainability #ClimateChange #SpaceExploration #ScienceResearch #EnvironmentalProtection #FutureGenerations #HumanitySurvival #savetheearth

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The Role of Iron in pathogenic gram- negative bacteria; Neisseria meningitidis

Iron is essential for pathogenic growth and colonisation. Hence, it plays an important role in infections caused by bacteria. Pathogens such as bacteria isolate iron from the host through various molecules and receptors, allowing the bacteria to survive the host’s immune responses and defense mechanisms. Which the growth, replication, metabolism, and virulence of the pathogen. Due to…