#sarah zielinski

[endlingmusings]

[ A jar in the shape of an ibex, retaining one natural horn, found in the tomb of the pharaoh Tutankhamun. Photographed by Robert Harding. ]

"Millennia ago, northern Africa was much wetter and cooler. Monsoons struck periodically, and the Sahara was covered with lakes and vegetation. This greener version of Egypt was home to a mix of wildlife more like the one now found in East Africa, with 37 species of large mammals including lions, wildebeest, warthogs and spotted hyenas. The region began to dry out about 5,000 years ago, a time that coincides with the fall of the Uruk Kingdom in Mesopotamia (located in present-day Iraq) and the rise of the pharaohs in Egypt. The Egyptian people at this time switched from a mobile, pastoral life to one of agriculture and subsistence hunting. The new research shows that several species of antelope, along with giraffes and rhinoceroses, disappeared around the same time—extinctions that could be due to overhunting of herbivores. Shortly afterward, the long-maned lion vanished. Egypt became even drier around 4,200 years ago, during a time known as the “First Intermediate Period” or the “dark period.” The region depended on yearly flooding of the Nile to inundate the land and leave behind nutrient-laden silt to feed agricultural fields. But during the dark period, this flooding became inconsistent, crop yields dropped and famine ensued. War and chaos reigned, and eventually the Old Kingdom—and with it, the “Age of the Pyramids”—ended. This is when the roan antelope and African wild dog disappeared from the records. A third aridification event occurred about 3,000 years ago, again bringing drought and an end to the New Kingdom, a time that included Tutankhamun and 12 kings named Ramses. Egypt’s short-maned lions, revered as sacred and even occasionally mummified, vanished around this time. Then about 150 years ago, as Egypt’s growing population became more industrialized, more species disappeared, including leopards and wild boar. Today, only 8 of the original 37 large-bodied mammals remain."

- Excerpt from "Egypt’s Mammal Extinctions Tracked Through 6,000 Years of Art" by Sarah Zielinski.

[footballandshit]

nine people you want to know better ─ tag game

tagged by @bluenumbernine (thanks for the tag, erisa! 💞)

last song: eternal summer by the strokes

currently watching: what we do in the shadows (s5), and i just rewatched this taiwanese movie: dear ex (2018)

currently reading: tin man by sarah winman, or if you count fics, then it'll be this brocedes fic which joey recommended to me 🤭

latest obsession: the bear (the series is just so *chef's kiss*)

tagging: @tl-trashtalk, @iscocarvajal, @ianwrighty, @horriblehistorieschild, @griezmanns, @piotr-zielinski, @camphorror, @trossaard and @gnabry7 (also if you've done it or don't feel like doing it, feel free to ignore!! no pressure at all 🫶)

[scientificphilosopher]

One day on the streets of Alexandria, Egypt, in the year 415 or 416, a mob of Christian zealots led by Peter the Lector accosted a woman’s carriage and dragged her from it and into a church, where they stripped her and beat her to death with roofing tiles. They then tore her body apart and burned it. Who was this woman and what was her crime? Hypatia was one of the last great thinkers of ancient Alexandria and one of the first women to study and teach mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. Though she is remembered more for her violent death, her dramatic life is a fascinating lens through which we may view the plight of science in an era of religious and sectarian conflict.

Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 B.C., the city of Alexandria quickly grew into a center of culture and learning for the ancient world. At its heart was the museum, a type of university, whose collection of more than a half-million scrolls was housed in the library of Alexandria.

Alexandria underwent a slow decline beginning in 48 B.C., when Julius Caesar conquered the city for Rome and accidentally burned down the library. (It was then rebuilt.) By 364, when the Roman Empire split and Alexandria became part of the eastern half, the city was beset by fighting among Christians, Jews and pagans. Further civil wars destroyed much of the library’s contents. The last remnants likely disappeared, along with the museum, in 391, when the archbishop Theophilus acted on orders from the Roman emperor to destroy all pagan temples. Theophilus tore down the temple of Serapis, which may have housed the last scrolls, and built a church on the site.

The last known member of the museum was the mathematician and astronomer Theon—Hypatia’s father.

Some of Theon’s writing has survived. His commentary (a copy of a classical work that incorporates explanatory notes) on Euclid’s Elements was the only known version of that cardinal work on geometry until the 19th century. But little is known about his and Hypatia’s family life. Even Hypatia’s date of birth is contested—scholars long held that she was born in 370 but modern historians believe 350 to be more likely. The identity of her mother is a complete mystery, and Hypatia may have had a brother, Epiphanius, though he may have been only Theon’s favorite pupil.

Theon taught mathematics and astronomy to his daughter, and she collaborated on some of his commentaries. It is thought that Book III of Theon’s version of Ptolemy’s Almagest—the treatise that established the Earth-centric model for the universe that wouldn’t be overturned until the time of Copernicus and Galileo—was actually the work of Hypatia.

She was a mathematician and astronomer in her own right, writing commentaries of her own and teaching a succession of students from her home. Letters from one of these students, Synesius, indicate that these lessons included how to design an astrolabe, a kind of portable astronomical calculator that would be used until the 19th century.

Beyond her father’s areas of expertise, Hypatia established herself as a philosopher in what is now known as the Neoplatonic school, a belief system in which everything emanates from the One. (Her student Synesius would become a bishop in the Christian church and incorporate Neoplatonic principles into the doctrine of the Trinity.) Her public lectures were popular and drew crowds. “Donning [the robe of a scholar], the lady made appearances around the center of the city, expounding in public to those willing to listen on Plato or Aristotle,” the philosopher Damascius wrote after her death.

Hypatia never married and likely led a celibate life, which possibly was in keeping with Plato’s ideas on the abolition of the family system. The Suda lexicon, a 10th-century encyclopedia of the Mediterranean world, describes her as being “exceedingly beautiful and fair of form. . . in speech articulate and logical, in her actions prudent and public-spirited, and the rest of the city gave her suitable welcome and accorded her special respect.”

Her admirers included Alexandria’s governor, Orestes. Her association with him would eventually lead to her death.

Theophilus, the archbishop who destroyed the last of Alexandria’s great Library, was succeeded in 412 by his nephew, Cyril, who continued his uncle’s tradition of hostilities toward other faiths. (One of his first actions was to close and plunder the churches belonging to the Novatian Christian sect.)

With Cyril the head of the main religious body of the city and Orestes in charge of the civil government, a fight began over who controlled Alexandria. Orestes was a Christian, but he did not want to cede power to the church. The struggle for power reached its peak following a massacre of Christians by Jewish extremists, when Cyril led a crowd that expelled all Jews from the city and looted their homes and temples. Orestes protested to the Roman government in Constantinople. When Orestes refused Cyril’s attempts at reconciliation, Cyril’s monks tried unsuccessfully to assassinate him.

Hypatia, however, was an easier target. She was a pagan who publicly spoke about a non-Christian philosophy, Neoplatonism, and she was less likely to be protected by guards than the now-prepared Orestes. A rumor spread that she was preventing Orestes and Cyril from settling their differences. From there, Peter the Lector and his mob took action and Hypatia met her tragic end.

Cyril’s role in Hypatia’s death has never been clear. “Those whose affiliations lead them to venerate his memory exonerate him; anticlericals and their ilk delight in condemning the man,” Michael Deakin wrote in his 2007 book Hypatia of Alexandria.

Meanwhile, Hypatia has become a symbol for feminists, a martyr to pagans and atheists and a character in fiction. Voltaire used her to condemn the church and religion. The English clergyman Charles Kingsley made her the subject of a mid-Victorian romance. And she is the heroine, played by Rachel Weisz, in the Spanish movie Agora, which will be released later this year in the United States. The film tells the fictional story of Hypatia as she struggles to save the library from Christian zealots.

Neither paganism nor scholarship died in Alexandria with Hypatia, but they certainly took a blow. “Almost alone, virtually the last academic, she stood for intellectual values, for rigorous mathematics, ascetic Neoplatonism, the crucial role of the mind, and the voice of temperance and moderation in civic life,” Deakin wrote. She may have been a victim of religious fanaticism, but Hypatia remains an inspiration even in modern times.

Read more: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/hypatia-ancient-alexandrias-great-female-scholar-10942888/#xXy0ixJgQ16pi42c.99

[doubleattitude]

Radix Dance Convention Nationals, Las Vegas 2022: RESULTS

Protege:

Cash Prizes:

Winners: $1000

Runners-up: $500

Mini

Top 31:

Tayah Klimuck Peyton Nowacki Helena Olaerts Greta Wagner Alexis Kathol Addyson Paul Khloe Kwon Aria Du Sara Von Rotz Taehgan Vue Piper Perusse Natalie Gerami Josh Lundy Isabella Piedrahita Zoe Flores Chase Castle

Top 15:

Dylan Custodio Lucia Piedrahita Neo Del Corral Skyla Lucena Devyn Scherff Emily Polis Karyna Majeroni Isabella Kouznetsova Everleigh Soutas

Top 6:

Regan Gerena Diana Kouznetsova Roxie Onellion Camila Giraldo Ellary Day Szyndlar

Winner:

Skylar Wong (Woodbury Dance Center)

Junior

Top 31:

Brooklyn Ladia Hailey Panchame Madison Carmody Bella Ray D’Armas Ariela Ephraim Alexcia Roloff-Hafenbreadl Avery Maycunich Kylie Carter Elie Rabin Riley Zeitler Zachary Gibson Elizabeth Bilecki Claire Avonne Kingston Jackson Jue

Top 17:

Campbell Clark Victoria Martinez Anya Inger Georgia Beth Peters Sophia Schiano Failenn Daley Kya Massimino Leila Winker Paislyn Schroeder Santiago Sosa Esme Chou Angelina Elliott

Top 5:

Haiden Neuville Kylee Casares Alexis Mayer Kaili Kester

Winner:

Aaliyah Dixon (Summit Dance Shoppe)

Teen:

Top 31:

Giselle Gandarilla Emmy Claire Kaiden Ronnie Lewis Kenzie Jones Cooper Macalalad Natalia Wazio Keoni Guerrero Rachel Loiselle Ava Raucci Mia Ibach Kendyl Fay Nicholas Bustos Ayla Rodriguez Rylee Young

Top 17:

Brianna Hicks Addison Middleton Ian Stegeman Kaitlyn Tom Trent Grappe Kylee Ngo Sophie Garcia Carly Thinfen Izzy Howard Gracyn French Colin Bendziewicz

Top 6:

Luke Barrett Avery Cashen Keagan Capps Kira Chan Sabine Nehls

Winner:

Dyllan Blackburn (Project 21)

Senior

Top 33:

Mia Tassani Angelina Flores Kaitlyn Allen Tyra Polke Edon Hartzy Perris Amento Eliazar Jimenez Maddie Thanos Sophie Grabau Madison Burkhart Jessica Babich Minda Li Marissa Brunner Kaitlyn Babich Peyton Martineau Louise Hindsbo Nina Sawaya Kai Javier

Top 15:

Ava La France Cayla Bennish Devin Mar Bella Tagle Destanye Diaz Kayla Pereira Jordyn Green Anthony Ciaccio Forest Myers

Top 6:

Sarah Moore Jackson Roloff-Hafenbreadl Emma Mather Sam Fine Emily Madden

Winner:

Easton Magliarditi (The Rock Center for Dance)

Finals:

High Scores by Age:

Cash Prizes:

1st: $200

2nd: $100

3rd: $50

Rookie Solo

Top 7

4th: Preslie Ball- ‘Boots’

4th: Margaret Mason- ‘Over the Rainbow’

5th: Caydence Zuehlke- ‘Tea’

6th: Nola Molter- ‘Look At Me’

7th: Zoey Brooke- ‘End of Time’

7th: Emery Bourne- ‘Footwurkin’

7th: Colette Stutzman- ‘My Girl’

7th: Elory Otto- ‘Speaking French’

7th: Rue Willis- ‘Woman’

8th: Sienna Bastler- ‘Please Mr Postman’

9th: Shale Herrera- ‘La Vie En Rose’

10th: Giselle Pilorin- ‘My Boyfriend’s Back’

10th: Emma Acosta- ‘Sweet Dreams’

2nd runner-up ($250)

James Iwamoto- ‘Lost’ (Pave School of the Arts)

1st runner-up ($350)

Hadley Morse- ‘Into the Great’ (Summit Dance Shoppe)

Top Soloist ($500)

Cece Chung- ‘I’m Going Bananas�� (Project 21)

Mini Solo

Top 7

4th: Regan Gerena- ‘Cinema Italiano’

5th: Emily Polis- ‘House of Keta’

6th: Tova Thompson- ‘Pulse’

6th: Anita Rodriguez- ‘The Garden’

6th: Zoe Flores- ‘Transitions’

7th: Karyna Majeroni- ‘La Rouge’

8th: Alexis Kathol- ‘The Author’

9th: Dylan Custodio- ‘Derive’

9th: Ella Dobler- ‘Did I Stutter?’

9th: Neo Del Corral- ‘Hold Me’

9th: Delilah Hewitt- ‘Lament’

9th: Addison Price- ‘Sarajevo’

10th: Lucia Piedrahita- ‘Camera’s Rolling’

10th: Greta Wagner- ‘If You Were Here’

2nd runner-up ($250)

Diana Kouznetsova- ‘Rinse + Repeat’ (Project 21)

1st runner-up ($350)

Skylar Wong- ‘Best of My Love’ (Woodbury Dance Center)

Top Soloist ($500)

Isabella Kouznetsova- ‘Wake Up’ (Project 21)

Junior Solo

Top 7

4th: Zoe Zielinski- ‘Girl From Ipanema’

4th: Angelina Elliott- ‘Look What Your Love Has Done To Me’

5th: Emily Joy Core- ‘Alpha’

5th: Kya Massimino- ‘Arena’

5th: Avery Maycunich- ‘With You’

6th: Anya Inger- ‘Attitude’

6th: Victoria Johnson- ‘Insensible’

6th: Payton Gourely- ‘Mad World’

7th: Victoria Martinez- ‘Music Is the Answer’

7th: Claire Avonne Kingston- ‘State of Awareness’

8th: Tiara Sherman- ‘Belly of the Beast’

9th: Avery Lee- ‘Arches’

9th: Bella Rey D’Armas- ‘Dimensions’

9th: Sasha Milstein- ‘Nature Boy’

10th: Leighton Werner- ‘Can’t Help Falling In Love’

10th: Alexcia Roloff-Hafenbreadl- ‘Far From Home’

10th: Esme Chou- ‘Withheld’

3rd runner-up ($250)

Teagan Chavez- ‘That’s Life’ (AVANTI Dance Company)

2nd runner-up ($250)

Alexis Mayer- ‘Winter Morning II’ (The Rock Center for Dance)

1st runner-up ($350)

Kylee Casares- ‘Home With You’ (Stars Dance Studio)

Top Soloist ($500)

Aaliyah Dixon- ‘Silence’ (Summit Dance Shoppe)

Teen Solo

Top 7:

4th: Sophie Garcia- ‘Evermore’

5th: Giselle Gandarilla- ‘La Vie’

6th: Keoni Guerrero- ‘Blackjack’

6th: Colin Bendziewicz- ‘Don’t Worry’

7th: Sarah Laskowski- ‘Good Evening, Welcome’

7th: Kenzie Jones- ‘The Bottom Line’

8th: Addison Middleton- ‘Closing’

8th: Bella Saferstein- ‘Dangerous’

8th: Kennie Shen- ‘Man’s World’

8th: June Hurley- ‘Mr Sandman’

9th: Kylie Vandeest- ‘Awoo’

10th: Gracyn French- ‘I Did It All Over Again’

10th: Amelia Duncan- ‘My Way’

2nd runner-up ($250)

Ian Stegeman- ‘Aria’ (Woodbury Dance Center)

1st runner-up ($350)

Izzy Howard- ‘Adveniat’ (The Rock Center for Dance)

Top Soloist ($500)

Dyllan Blackburn- ‘A Pale’ (Project 21)

Senior Solo

Top 7

4th: Jackson Roloff-Hafenbreadl- ‘Moon’

5th: Sophie Grabau- ‘Women’

6th: Sophia Cobo- ‘Funny Girl’

7th: Emily Madden- ‘Concerto In F Minor’

8th: Forest Myers- ‘Parameters’

9th: Emma Mather- ‘Dancing’

9th: Rachel Leon- ‘Die For You’

9th: Levi Sherman- ‘I Know It’s Over’

10th: Edon Hartzy- ‘Solitude’

10th: Erica Vannucci- ‘Step Off the Train’

3rd runner-up ($250)

Easton Magliarditi- ‘Jealous’ (The Rock Center for Dance)

2nd runner-up ($250)

Sam Fine- ‘To Multiply’ (Stars Dance Studio)

1st runner-up ($350)

Destanye Diaz- ‘Unhurt’ (Stars Dance Studio)

Top Soloist ($500)

Selena Hamilton- ‘Supermodel’ (Project 21)

Rookie Duet/Trio

1st: The Movement Dance Academy- ‘One’

2nd: Studio X- ‘Turn to Stone’

3rd: Studio X- ‘Human’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Remember Me’ 

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Mr Big Stuff’

5th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Dream’

Mini Duet/Trio

1st: Project 21- ‘The Blue or Red Pill’

2nd: New Level Dance Company- ‘Complex Notion’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘The Meadow’

3rd: Studio X- ‘Ready or Npt’

4th: Danceplex- ‘Evening Rise’

5th: Studio 19 Dance Complex- ‘Sophisticated’

Junior Duet/Trio

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Only the Bravest’

2nd: Mather Dance Company- ‘Memories’

3rd: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Together’

4th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘The Pure’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Dreamgirls’

Teen Duet/Trio

1st: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Mine’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Surrender’

3rd: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Still’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Love Lockdown’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘You and I Both’

Senior Duet/Trio

1st: Project 21- ‘Shaping’

2nd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Power vs Passion’

3rd: CanDance Studios- ‘Backseat’

4th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Fire My Heart’

5th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Voice Like’

Rookie Group

1st: Project 21- ‘It’s Raining Men’

2nd: Pave School of the Arts- ‘You Make Me Feel So Young’

3rd: The Movement Dance Academy- ‘What About Us’

4th: Impact Dance- ‘Like A Prayer’

5th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Boogie Shoes’

Mini Group

1st: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Bangalore Whispers’

2nd: Project 21- ‘1+1=2′

3rd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Colors’

4th: Mather Dance Company- ‘Click Clack’

5th: Project 21- ‘That’s Amore’

Junior Group

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Don’t Forget Me’

2nd: Project 21- ‘My Pumps’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Never Going Back Again’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Vogue’

4th: Cypress Dance Project- ‘What Is Love?’

4th: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Supermarket Woman’

4th: Project 21- ‘Something Bad Is About to Happen’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Up Against the Wind’

5th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Dance Me’

Teen Group

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Bang Bang’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Sound & Color’

3rd: Mather Dance Company- ‘Blower’s Daughter’

3rd: CanDance Studios- ‘Glitter’

4th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Home’

4th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘The Letting Go’

5th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘So Broken’

5th: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘The Ride’

Senior Group

1st: Mather Dance Company- ‘Crime For Crime’

1st: Distinction Dance Company- ‘Do You’

2nd: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘These Days’

3rd: Project 21- ‘Destination’

4th: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Bloodline’

4th: Mather Dance Company- ‘To Be Loved’

5th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Night’

5th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Ode to a Love Lost’

5th: Mather Dance Company- ‘Stayaway’

Rookie Line

1st: The Movement Dance Academy- ‘Last Dance’

2nd: Studio X- ‘Drumline’

3rd: Pave School of the Arts- ‘Looking Good and Feeling Gorgeous’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Party People’

Mini Line

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘What About Us’

2nd: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Don’t Mean A Thing’

2nd: Mather Dance Company- ‘Tens’

3rd: Mather Dance Company- ‘Via Dolorosa’

4th: Project 21- ‘Fashionista’

4th: Impact Dance Studio- ‘River Deep’

5th: Project 21- ‘Dawn’

Junior Line

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘When Doves Cry’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘9 to 5′

3rd: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Tribal Beauties’

4th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Applause’

4th: Pave School of the Arts- ‘I Feel Pretty’

5th: Impact Dance Studio- ‘It’s All Coming Back’

Teen Line

1st: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Welcome to the Internet’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Cinema (Act II)

3rd: Mather Dance Company- ‘Crazy Love’

4th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Wasteland’

5th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Against Me’

5th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Call Waiting’

5th: Project 21- ‘Dangerous’

5th: Haja Dance Company- ‘Everything Must Change’

5th: Project 21- ‘Malevolence’

5th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Traditions’

Senior Line

1st: Mather Dance Company- ‘Gravity’

2nd: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Ric Flair Drip’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Young & Free’

4th: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Now Boarding’

5th: CanDance Studios- ‘M.I.R’

Rookie Extended Line

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Do Your Thing’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Rockin’ Robin’

3rd: Impact Dance- ‘When You Believe’

4th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Cool Rider’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘You Are Enough’

5th: Impact Dance- ‘Wash That Man’

Mini Extended Line

1st: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Cinema (Act 1)’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Goodbye Yellow Brick Road’

3rd: Impact Dance- ‘Hernandos Hideaway’

3rd: CanDance Studios- ‘Lip Gloss’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Shake My Hand’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Pink Cadillac’

5th: Pave School of the Arts- ‘Shoeless Joe’

Junior Extended Line

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘My Way’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Collateral Damage’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘I Want You’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘You Make Me Feel’

5th: Project 21- ‘Hey, Hi, Hello’

Teen Extended Line

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Sing’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘No Time To Stand and Stare’

3rd: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Slip n Slide(s)’

4th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Runaway’

5th: CanDance Studios- ‘Sound of Awakening’

Senior Extended Line

1st: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Out For Blood’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘All Dessen Mud’

2nd: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Check It Out’

3rd: Project 21- ‘Cell Block Tango’

4th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Love Game’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Fallout’

Mini Production

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Pump It Up’

2nd: Impact Dance- ‘Low’

3rd: CanDance Studios- ‘National Pastime’

3rd: Impact Dance- ‘The One’

Junior Production

1st: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Back to the Swing’

1st: The Movement Dance Academy- ‘Love Shack’

2nd: CanDance Studios- ‘Unite’

3rd: Impact Dance- ‘Yala’

4th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Money’

Teen Production

1st: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Por Mi Alma’

2nd: Project 21- ‘Love Letter to Ari’

3rd: CanDance Studios- ‘Eat’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Funk & Soul’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Mr. Bojangles’

Senior Production

1st: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘We Run This’

High Score by Performance Division:

Voucher Prizes:

1st: $200

2nd: $100

3rd: $50

Rookie Jazz

1st: Project 21- ‘It’s Raining Men’

2nd: The Movement Dance Academy- ‘Last Dance’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Forever Your Girl’

4th: Mather Dance Company- ‘We Love Freddy’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Rockin’ Robin’

5th: CanDance Studios- ‘Love Shack’

5th: Impact Dance- ‘Ladies Room’

Rookie Hip-Hop

1st: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Lose Control’

2nd: Studio X- ‘Drumline’

3rd: Impact Dance- ‘Going Back to Cali’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Nursery Rhymes’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Beggin’

Rookie Tap

1st: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Boogie Shoes’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Do Your Thing’

3rd: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Build Me Up Buttercup’

4th: Mather Dance Company- ‘These Boots’

Rookie Lyrical

1st: The Movement Dance Academy- ‘What About Us’

2nd: Impact Dance- ‘Like A Prayer’

3rd: Impact Dance- ‘When You Believe’

4th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Keep You Safe’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘You Are Enough’

Rookie Musical Theatre

1st: Pave School of the Arts- ‘Hernando’s Hideaway’

2nd: Dance Studio C- ‘This Little Piggy’

Rookie Specialty

Pave School of the Arts- ‘You Make Me Feel So Young’

Mini Jazz

1st: Mather Dance Company- ‘Tens’

2nd: Project 21- ‘1+1=2′

3rd: Project 21- ‘Fashionista’

3rd: Impact Dance Studio- ‘River Deep’

4th: Mather Dance Company- ‘Click Clack’

5th: Mather Dance Company- ‘Hush Hush’

Mini Ballet

1st: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Swan Lake Waltz’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Saute Sonata’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Simple Symphony’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Spanish Dance’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Flute Concerto No 2′

Mini Hip-Hop

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Pump It Up’

2nd: CanDance Studios- ‘Lip Gloss’

3rd: Impact Dance- ‘Low’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Oh Okay’

5th: Heat Dance Studio- ‘Lil Funk’

Mini Tap

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Shake My Hand’

2nd: Studio 19 Dance Complex- ‘Dr Bones’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘For The Navy’

4th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘PYT’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Dance With Me Tonight’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Think’

Mini Lyrical

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘What About Us’

2nd: Mather Dance Company- ‘Via Dolorosa’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Imagine’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Goodbye Yellow Brick Road’

5th: Mather Dance Company- ‘Hold On To Me’

Mini Musical Theatre

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Don’t Mean A Thing’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Cinema (Act 1)’

3rd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Thankful’

4th: Impact Dance- ‘Hernandos Hideaway’

5th: Pave School of the Arts- ‘Shoeless Joe’

Mini Contemporary

1st: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Colors’

2nd: Project 21- ‘Dawn’

3rd: Project 21- ‘Big Spender’

4th: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Escape Artist’

5th: Studio X- ‘Green Light’

Mini Specialty

1st: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Bangalore Whispers’

2nd: Project 21- ‘That’s Amore’

3rd: Mather Dance Company- ‘Orange Colored Sky’

4th: Pave School of the Arts- ‘Higher’

5th: Pave School of the Arts- ‘Footloose’

Junior Jazz

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘When Doves Cry’

2nd: Pave School of the Arts- ‘I Feel Pretty’

2nd: Project 21- ‘My Pumps’

2nd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Applause’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘I Want You’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Vogue’

5th: Project 21- ‘Purse First’

Junior Ballet

1st: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Tribal Beauties’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Ninety-Five Five’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Atlas’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘After Bach’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Anitra’s Dance’

Junior Hip-Hop

1st: CanDance Studios- ‘Stacked’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Playground’

3rd: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘In Your Dreams’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Love You Different’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘We Will Rock You’

Junior Tap

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Never Going Back Again’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘You Make Me Feel’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Back to the Swing’

4th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘All About That Bass’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Mayhem’

Junior Lyrical

1st: Impact Dance Studio-  ‘It’s All Coming Back’

2nd: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Read All About It’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Up Against the Wind’

4th: Mather Dance Company- ‘Permanent’

5th: The Movement Dance Academy- ‘Out of Hiding’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Me In 20 Years’

5th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Color Me In’

Junior Musical Theatre

1st: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Going Down’

2nd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Neighbors’

3rd: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Bend and Snap’

4th: Impact Dance- ‘Mein Herr’

5th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Money’

Junior Contemporary

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘My Way’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Don’t Forget Me’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Collateral Damage’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘9 to 5′

5th: Project 21- ‘Something Bad Is About To Happen’

5th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘The Dance’

Junior Ballroom

1st: Project 21- ‘Hey, Hi, Hello’

2nd: CanDance Studios- ‘Pusher Love’

Junior Specialty

1st: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Supermarket Woman’

2nd: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Do You’

2nd: CanDance Studios- ‘Unite’

3rd: The Studio Project- ‘Visual Distortion’

4th: Dance Studio C- ‘Hey Mr DJ’

5th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘The Birds’

Teen Group

Teen Jazz

1st: Distinction Dance Company- ‘Clap Clap’

2nd: Dance Studio C- ‘Last Night’

3rd: Orange County Performing Arts Academy- ‘London Bridge’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Maniac’

5th: Visionary Dancer- ‘La Vita Nuova’

Teen Hip-Hop

1st: Dancers’ Pointe- ‘Club 229′

Teen Tap

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Sound & Color’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Escape’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Because the Night’

4th: Gotta Dance- ‘My Boo’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘We Built This City’

Teen Lyrical

1st: Mather Dance Company- ‘Blower’s Daughter’

2nd: Haja Dance Company- ‘Lost’

3rd: Dance Studio C- ‘Slow It Down’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘I Surrender’

5th: Heat Dance Studio- ‘Beautiful’

Teen Musical Theatre

1st: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Mein Herr’

2nd: Impact Dance- ‘Be Italian’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Six’

Teen Contemporary

1st: CanDance Studios- ‘Glitter’

2nd: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Home’

2nd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘The Letting Go’

3rd: The Difference Dance Company- ‘So Broken’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘The Ride’

4th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Mary’

4th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Daylight’

4th: CanDance Studios- ‘Not Your Honey’

4th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Dangerous’

5th: Dance Studio C- ‘Somebody Else’

Teen Ballroom

1st: The Colony- ‘Fade’

Teen Specialty

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Bang Bang’

2nd: Impact Dance- ‘My Immortal

3rd: Dance Studio C- ‘Used To Know’

3rd: Dance Studio C- ‘Get Your Freak On’

4th: The Studio Project- ‘When Going Through It, Count To Four’

5th: Impact Dance- ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’

Teen Line, Extended Line, Production

Teen Jazz

1st: Project 21- ‘Love Letter to Ari’

2nd: Project 21- ‘Dangerous’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Funk & Soul’

3rd: Haja Dance Company- ‘A Ni Ni’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Mr Roboto’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Future Nostalgia’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Fly Away’

5th: Haja Dance Company- ‘Doves’

5th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Eating The Runway’

Teen Hip-Hop

1st: CanDance Studios- ‘Hijacked’

2nd: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Tokyo Drift’

3rd: Project 21- ‘Pop’

4th: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Underground’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Don’t Go Yet’

Teen Tap

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Scoop’

2nd: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Baltimore’s Fireflies’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘No Matter Where You Are’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Take On Me’

Teen Lyrical

1st: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Here is to Life’

2nd: Haja Dance Company- ‘You’re Gonna Love Me’

3rd: Visionary Dancer- ‘Swim Good’

4th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘2 Steps Away’

5th: Impact Dance- ‘Something Like This’

Teen Musical Theatre

1st: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Sing’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Welcome to the Internet’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Mr. Bojangles’

4th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Cupid’

5th: Artistic Motion Dance- ‘Whipped Into Shape’

Teen Contemporary

1st: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Por Mi Alma’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘No Time To Stand and Stare’

3rd: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Cinema (Act II)

4th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Runaway’

5th: CanDance Studios- ‘Sound of Awakening’

5th: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Wasteland’

Teen Ballroom

1st: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Salome’

2nd: CanDance Studios- ‘Rooooooooosendo and His Ladies’

Teen Specialty

1st: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Slip n Slide(s)’

1st: Mather Dance Company- ‘Crazy Love’

2nd: CanDance Studios- ‘Eat’

3rd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Call Waiting’

4th: Distinction Dance Company- ‘Don’t Jealous Me’

5th: CanDance Studios- ‘Format It’

Senior Jazz

1st: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘Check It Out’

2nd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Love Game’

3rd: Haja Dance Company- ‘Check It Out’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘The Chain’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Fallout’

Senior Ballet

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Circular Concerto’

Senior Hip-Hop

1st: CanDance Studios- ‘M.I.R’

2nd: Distinction Dance Company- ‘Icon’

3rd: Impact Dance- ‘Rake It Up’

4th: The Haus Dance Agency- ‘Role Modelz’

5th: Gotta Dance- ‘Do You?’

Senior Tap

1st: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘The Way’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘We Run This’

Senior Lyrical

1st: Mather Dance Company- ‘Gravity’

2nd: Mather Dance Company- ‘To Be Loved’

3rd: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Ode to a Love Lost’

4th: Impact Dance- ‘Come On Love’

5th: Impact Dance- ‘Used To Be Mine’

Senior Musical Theatre

1st: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Now Boarding’

2nd: Project 21- ‘Cell Block Tango’

3rd: Gotta Dance- ‘She Works Hard For the Money’

Senior Contemporary

1st: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Out For Blood’

2nd: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘These Days’

3rd: Project 21- ‘Destination’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Young & Free’

4th: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Bloodline’

5th: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Night’

5th: Mather Dance Company- ‘Stayaway’

Senior Specialty

1st: Distinction Dance Company- ‘Do You’

1st: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Ric Flair Drip’

1st: Mather Dance Company- ‘Crime For Crime’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘All Dessen Mud’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘Forever’

4th: Impact Dance- ‘Power’

5th: Mather Dance Company- ‘Detonate’

Best of Radix:

Cash Prizes:

Winner: $1000

1st runner-up: $500

2nd runner-up: $250

Runners-up: $150

Rookie

Winner:

Project 21- ‘It’s Raining Men’

Mini

Winner: Mather Dance Company- ‘Tens’

1st runner-up: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Bangalore Whispers’

2nd runner-up: Impact Dance Studio- ‘What About Us’

3rd runner-up: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Colors’

4th runner-up: Project 21- ‘1+1=2′

5th runner-up: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Cinema (Act 1)’

Junior

Winner: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘My Way’

1st runner-up: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Tribal Beauties’

2nd runner-up: Impact Dance Studio- ‘When Doves Cry’

3rd runner-up: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘Collateral Damage’

4th runner-up: Summit Dance Shoppe- ‘9 to 5′

5th runner-up: Pave School of the Arts- ‘I Feel Pretty’

6th runner-up: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Applause’

7th runner-up: Project 21- ‘My Pumps’

Teen Group

Winner: CanDance Studios- ‘Glitter’

1st runner-up: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Bang Bang’

2nd runner-up: Mather Dance Company- ‘Blower’s Daughter’

3rd runner-up: Stars Dance Studio- ‘The Letting Go’

4th runner-up: Woodbury Dance Center- ‘Sound & Color’

5th runner-up: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Home’

Teen Line, Extended Line, Production

Winner: Impact Dance Studio- ‘Sing’

1st runner-up: Evoke Dance Movement- ‘No Time To Stand and Stare’

2nd runner-up: The Rock Center for Dance- ‘Welcome to the Internet’

3rd runner-up: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Por Mi Alma’

4th runner-up: Project 21- ‘Love Letter to Ari’

Senior

Winner: Mather Dance Company- ‘Gravity’

1st runner-up: Stars Dance Studio- ‘Out For Blood’

2nd runner-up: Distinction Dance Company- ‘Do You’

3rd runner-up: AVANTI Dance Company- ‘These Days’

4th runner-up: The Difference Dance Company- ‘Ric Flair Drip’

Best in Show ($10,000)

Winner

Impact Dance Studio- ‘Sing’

[hello-robin-goodfellow]

OCS LIST

Doctor Who and Doctor Who Unbound:

-Nora Terence Wright

-Edna Wright

-Terence Wright (deceased)

-Neela

Nicholas and Alexandra (1971):

-Rebeca Rosenfeld 

-Noemi Rosenfeld

-Liliah Rosenfeld

-Abner Rosenfeld

-Sarah Rosenfeld (deceased)

-Aunt Masha

-Sofia Yakovlev

-Benjamin Mendel

-Ivan Petrovich Voynitsky

-Hannah Ginzburg Voynitsky

-Esther Ginzburg Voynitsky

-Liev Rosenfeld Yakovlev

-Leah Rosenfeld Yakovlev

-Rosa Mendel

-Comrade Supervisor Medvedenko

Mystery and Imagination: Frankenstein (1968):

-Olívia DuBois

-Evangeline DuBois

-Raymond DuBois

The Lord of The Rings (1981):

-Dandelion Trefoil

-Tulip Merryweather

-Willow Dew

-Marin, Daughter of Dwalin

Cross of Iron (1977):

-Tania Zielinski

-Anton Zielinski

-Mona Kiesel

-Aurore Zielinski Kiesel

COLLABORATIONS WITH: @amalthea9

Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of The Apes:

-Viola

The Wars of The Roses (1965):

-Lady Lenora Tyrell

Royal Shakespeare Company AU:

-Mandy McCrimon

-Emily Munroe

Robin Hood AU:

-Lady Anne

-Sara

Frankenstein (1984):

-Muriel

The Island (1980):

-Elinor Robinson

-Alexander Ulysses Nau

-Miranda Nau

-Nadia

-Hector

@dci-softy-edgelord @mademoiselle-princesse @superkingofpriderock @lioness--hart @amalthea9 @princesssarisa @anne-white-star @hmmm-what-am-i-doing @mysticaltimemachinewench

[sciencenewsforstudents]

This article is one of a series of Experiments meant to teach students about how science is done, from generating a hypothesis to designing an experiment to analyzing the results with statistics. You can repeat the steps here and compare your results — or use this as inspiration to design your own experiment.

Your fingertips are sensitive to touch. They have to be, to help you type, get dressed and pet kittens. But are they more sensitive than your leg, arm or back? How would you be able to tell? This is something that’s pretty easy to test. And it’s also easy to turn into an experiment. All you need is something to measure with, a blindfold or two — and a lot of very patient friends.

A test called two-point discrimination can help to determine which parts of the body are more sensitive than others. Two-point discrimination refers to the ability to perceive two points touching you as two actual points instead of one. You can demonstrate this by poking yourself or your friends (with permission, of course). But to turn this into an experiment, I need to start with a hypothesis. This is a statement that I can test.

My hypothesis: Fingertips are more sensitive to two points of contact than the arms or upper back.

Poking and prodding

To test my hypothesis, I need volunteers. But I can’t just run around the office and start prodding my colleagues. It is wrong to perform an experiment on someone without their consent. My friends and colleagues need to know what I am doing, why I’m doing it and if there are any risks.

I wrote up a protocol — a plan of action that details exactly what I am going to do and why. I also drafted a consent form. This is a form my colleagues can read and sign, noting that they understand any risks from my experiment. I submitted the protocol and the form to an Institutional Review Board. This is a group of scientists that determines whether my experimental plan is safe.

The group of scientists I consulted evaluates studies conducted by students at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair reviewed my documents. The board suggested changes I could make to the wording of my consent form, so that no one would misunderstand my experiment. And they approved my study. I was free to do science.

When my colleagues at Society for Science & the Public gathered for a monthly staff birthday celebration, I struck. My editor, Sarah Zielinski, helped as I asked my coworkers to line up, sign a consent form and put on a blindfold. Sarah also wrote down information about each participant’s age, gender and whether they were right- or left-handed.

To test touch sensitivity, doctors use a pair of calipers and move them slowly apart, trying to see when someone can feel two points instead of one. This is an experiment you can do, too. Though maybe not on someone’s tongue.

CREDIT: HOUSE, EARL LAWRENCE. PANSKY, BEN./WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/PUBLIC DOMAIN

I asked each person to hold out their dominant hand (the right hand, if someone is right-handed). I then carefully touched a pair of calipers to the tip of their index finger. (Calipers are a device that’s used to measure the distance between two points.) I started with the calipers completely closed, forming a single point. Then I moved the points farther apart and touched the person’s fingertip again. Every time I touched their finger, I asked them if they felt one or two points of contact. I widened the calipers each time, testing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 millimeters (between 0 and 0.39 inch).

At first, people would say they only felt one point. Of course, they did; the calipers were only a single point. But as the calipers expanded, people began to feel two points. Sarah carefully noted when each person felt two points instead of one. I took a measurement of each distance twice.

Then I did the same experiment with each person’s dominant lower arm. I poked them gently about 50 millimeters (2 inches) below their elbow. Each time I asked if they felt one or two points. This time, I tested between 0 and 50 millimeters, waiting to stop measuring when people told me they felt two points of contact. I repeated this on my coworkers’ upper backs.

To make sure I was detecting a difference that wasn’t entirely accidental, ideally I would have tested 41 people. Unfortunately, the experiment took a long time. Many people didn’t want to wait around. They had work to do. I ended up with 38 participants. Not bad.

Testing the power of touch

[emmanuelmonzonphotography]

“The Road” exhibition collected images from 46 artists from across the country to create an exhibition that celebrates, highlights and explores the American road and all that it in-tells.  The exhibition will survey the notion of the American Road. The road is an iconic theme that runs in some of the best and well known American photographers work such as Stephen Shore, Ed Ruscha, Alec Soth and many others . Photographers have traveled these vast landscapes and across thousands of miles to document this country and all that surrounds the road; the landscape, the gas stations, the motels, the diners and everything that comes by its side and its lifestyle.

Curated by Dana Stirling & Yoav Friedlander and hosted at the JKC Gallery in New Jersey.

The Road will run from February 24th through March 27th with a reception and talk on March 12th from 5:00-7:00 pm. The talk will be at 6:00pm.

Selected Artists: Hans Gindlesberger, Joel Stevenett, Lauren Grabelle, Dave Bennett, Michael Joseph, Heather Binns, Chris Bentley, Daniel George, Neal Johnson, Ryan Schude, Sam Angel, Marc Newton, Lori Pond, Lindsay Godin, Parker Reinecker, Emmanuel Monzon, Kelsey Sucena, Lindsey Rickert, Kathy Shorr, Jon Feinstein, Aline Smithson, Betty Press, Tracy Fish, Cody Bratt, Lauren Finch, Young Suh, Becky Wilkes, Roslyn Julia, Dave Hanson, Alanna Styer, Justin Curtis, Grace Weston, David Egan, John Puffer,Liz Albert, Paul Sisson, Caleb Churchill, Lisa Guerriero, Sara Macel, John Sanderson, Eric Kunsman, Will Douglas, Tabitha Timm, Noritaka Minami, Laura Glabman and Annette Lemay Burke.

Selected Digital Slideshow Artists:  Joel Stevenett, Reid Temple, Nick Shepard, Lauren Grabelle, John Francis, Kevin Hoth, Cocoa Laney, Kyle Everett Smith, Jp Terlizzi, Alyson Bowen, Jaime Alvarez, Nika De Carlo, Darren Ellis, Anibal Pella-woo, Dzesika Devic, Dave Bennett, Michael Joseph, Jessica Brewer Prugh, John Slavin, Chris Bentley, Kelly Burgess, Daniel George, Neal Johnson, Ryan Schude, Charlie Zielinski, Mark Sawrie Sawrie, Sam Angel, Sarah Hinrichs, Marc Newton, Whitney Bradshaw, Heather Palecek, Jiageng Lin, Clifford Cooper, Evan Perkins, Parkewr Reinecker, Epiphany Knedler, Alexandra Gataeva, Kelsey Sucena, Lindsey Rickert, Mateo Ruiz Gonzalez, Kathy Shorr, Kimmo Sahakangas, Jon Feinstein, Dorie Dahlberg, Danny Degennaro, Micah Mccoy, Aline Smithson, Betty Press, Frank Schramm, Yael Nov, Andie  Capace, Dana Marks, Cody Bratt, Nicholas Gaffney, Anika Steppe, Nick Gorski, Lauren Finch, Michael  Amato, Young Suh, Noah  Winslow, Matthew Portch, Jacob Moss, John Kinney, Dave Hanson, Justin Curtis, Christine Tharp, Grace Weston, Marissa Iamartino, David Egan, John Puffer, Urizen Freaza, Liz Albert, Laia Albert , Paul Sisson, Caleb Churchill, Martin Krafft, Alice Renegar, Victoria Crayhon, Ira Wagner, Kristen Bartley, Michaela Warren, Anna Ryabtsov, Sara Macel, Eliot Rockett, Sarah Frazier, John Sanderson, Eric Kunsman, Alain Licari, Noritaka Minami, David Cann, Deshawn Mcleod, Ashley Moog Bowlsbey and Chris Herrera.

Float Photo Magazine was founded by Dana Stirling and Yoav Friedlander in March 2014 with the launch of the first issue “Into the Wild”. Float was created with the goal to share and celebrate the photographic work of versatile roster of contemporary photographers from around the world. From young and emerging to established artists, Float features high quality and creative work with the intention to inspire and push forward our photo community. We offer artists various opportunities and platforms for exposure - Instagram takeovers, book reviews, interviews, curated magazine issues, exhibitions with more to come. Float takes pride in collaborating with many other photo platforms to create a unique, open minded and welcoming space for photographers. And you as well are welcome to join us.

[springawakenings]

 Tony Award Predictions vs Nominations - 93 out of 129

Best Musical Ain’t Too Proud Be More Chill Hadestown The Prom Tootsie

Best Play Choir Boy The Ferryman Ink To Kill a Mockingbird What the Constitution Means to Me

Best Revival of a Musical Kiss Me, Kate Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma!

Best Revival of a Play All My Sons The Boys in the Band Burn This Torch Song The Waverly Gallery

Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical Brooks Ashmanskas Reeve Carney Will Chase Damon Daunno Santino Fontana

Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical Stephanie J. Block Rebecca Naomi Jones Beth Leavel, The Prom Eva Noblezada, Hadestown Kelli O’Hara, Kiss Me, Kate

Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play Bryan Cranston Jeff Daniels Nathan Lane Michael Urie Jeremy Pope

Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play Annette Bening Glenda Jackson Elaine May Laurie Metcalf Heidi Schreck

Best Book of a Musical Ain’t Too Proud Beetlejuice Hadestown The Prom Tootsie

Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre Be More Chill Beetlejuice Hadestown The Prom Tootsie

Best Direction of a Musical Rachel Chavkin Scott Ellis Daniel Fish Des McAnuff Casey Nicholaw

Best Direction of a Play Rupert Goold Sam Mendes Bartlett Sher Ivo van Hove Oliver Butler

Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical Andre De Shields Patrick Page George Salazar Ephraim Sykes Patrick Vaill

Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Musical Amber Gray Leslie Kritzer Sarah Stiles Ali Stroker Bonnie Milligan

Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Play Bertie Carvel John Clay III Gideon Glick Tom Glynn-Carney Benjamin Walker

Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Play Celia Keenan Bolger Mercedes Ruehl LaTanya Richardson Jackson Fionnula Flanagan Joan Allen

Best Choreography Camille A. Brown Warren Carlyle Christopher Gattelli David Neumann Casey Nicholaw

Best Orchestrations Michael Chorney and Todd Sickafoose, Hadestown Simon Hale, Tootsie Larry Hochman and John Clancy, The Prom Daniel Kluger, Oklahoma! Daryl Waters, The Cher Show

Best Scenic Design of a Musical Rachel Hauck, Hadestown Scott Pask, The Prom David Korins, Beetlejuice Laura Jellinek, Oklahoma! David Rockwell, Tootsie

Best Scenic Design of a Play Bunny Christie, Ink Rob Howell, The Ferryman Miriam Buether, To Kill a Mockingbird Jan Versweyveld, Network Beowulf Boritt, Bernhardt/Hamlet

Best Costume Design of a Musical Bob Mackie, The Cher Show Michael Krass, Hadestown William Ivey Long, Beetlejuice William Ivey Long, Tootsie Jeff Mahshle, Kiss Me, Kate

Best Costume Design of a Play Toni-Leslie James, Bernhardt/Hamlet Rob Howell, The Ferryman Ann Roth, King Lear Ann Roth, Gary: A Sequel to Titus Andronicus Ann Roth, To Kill a Mockingbird

Best Sound Design of a Musical Nevin Steinberg and Jessca Paz, Hadestown Drew Levy, Oklahoma! Peter Hylenski, King Kong Nevin Steinberg, The Cher Show Brian Ronan, Tootsie

Best Sound Design of a Play Fitz Patton, Choir Boy Nick Powell, The Ferryman Eric Sleichim, Network Scott Lehrer, To Kill a Mockingbird John Gromada, All My Sons

Best Lighting Design of a Musical Bradley King, Hadestown Tyler Micoleau, Be More Chill Peter Mumford, King Kong Kenneth Posner and Peter Nigrini, Beetlejuice Scott Zielinski, Oklahoma!

Best Lighting Design of a Play Neil Austin, Ink Peter Mumford, The Ferryman Peter Kaczorowski, Choir Boy Jennifer Tipton, To Kill a Mockingbird Natasha Katz, Burn This

[elissamatthews-blog]

4/15/19

Tompkins (2017). Literacy for the 21st Century: Chapter 12.

Shanahan, C. & Shanahan, T. (2014). Does Disciplinary Literacy Have a Place in Elementary School?

Key Idea (Ch 12): Nonfiction and informational reading and writing skills need to be developed, especially as students start to get older.

Nugget (Ch 12): reading and writing are learning tools

Key Idea (Disciplinary): General literacy skills are not enough for each content area, which requires specific reading and writing skills.

Nugget (Disciplinary): the whole idea of disciplinary literacy (new to me)

For my readerly exploration, I chose to find a text from a different genre. Since these readings discussed reading within a content area, I decided to read a science article to compare the skills I used for reading it and the literacy article and chapter. I read the article, “Photographing wildflowers and other ways you can help fight climate change” by Sarah Zielinski. While reading, I noticed that it required a lot of activation of background knowledge, which is more of a general skill that I had to use for the literacy article and chapter as well. The science article required some specific vocabulary, most of which was listed at the end of the article; students reading an article like this would need to know how to use the glossary at the end to support their reading, which I think is a necessary skill for informational texts and is not a content specific skill. After reading this, I better understand the importance of explicitly teaching the skills required for informational texts. Some of these skills may be content specific, so it is important to include a variety of texts, since a science article will not require the same skills as a historical narrative.

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/photographing-wildflowers-citizen-science-help-fight-climate-change

[sciencespies]

Chimpanzees' Termite Fishing Habits Differ by Regional Groups

https://sciencespies.com/news/chimpanzees-termite-fishing-habits-differ-by-regional-groups/

Chimpanzees' Termite Fishing Habits Differ by Regional Groups

Scientists have long understood that chimpanzees lead complex social lives. The primates engage in warfare, have complicated social relationships and experience something akin to mourning.

Many researchers argue that these kinds of inherited local traditions among chimpanzees constitute chimpanzee “culture,” reports Rowan Hooper for New Scientist. In a study published this week in Nature Human Behavior, one team of researchers hope to provide further evidence for chimp culture—and, crucially, cultural diversity—by analyzing another key behavior: their snacking habits.

Led by Christophe Boesch at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, researchers analyzed chimpanzee’s “termite fishing” habits across the African continent, according to a statement. Chimpanzees hunt for the nutrient-rich insects by poking sticks inside holes in termite mounds, pulling the stick out with bugs attached and scooping the insects into their mouths. When famed primatologist Jane Goodall first recorded this behavior in chimpanzees nearly 60 years ago, it was the first time an animal besides humans had been recorded using a tool, as Sarah Zielinski reported for Smithsonian magazine in 2010.

Researchers working with the Pan African Programme used remotely operated cameras to study chimps in ten geographically distant communities on the African continent, Bob Yirka reports for Phys.org. Scientists had previously identified only two groups of termite fishers: those who fish in aboveground termite nests, and those who fish in underground ones. After studying the communities, scientists identified 38 technical elements to termite fishing—and found that many chimpanzee groups fish very differently from their neighbors.

Chimpanzees from Goualougo in the Republic of Congo sit while fishing for termites.

(Goulaougo Triangle Ape Project)

“The diversity of techniques seen in chimpanzee termite fishing was a huge surprise to me. Not only does each community have a very unique way of fishing, they also combine a number of different elements into specific termite fishing etiquettes,” Boesch says in a statement.

For instance, the Wonga Wongué chimpanzees in Gabon lie down on their sides to probe the mounds for insects. The Korup chimpanzees in southwest Cameroon lean on their elbows to fish, while Goualougo chimps in the Republic of Congo sit down while fishing, according to the study.

The differences in fishing go beyond just posture: “In La Belgique in Cameroon, chimpanzees fashion their stick by opening the fibers to obtain a long brush and then rest the termite-covered stick on their wrist while they eat. On the other hand, at another site in Cameroon called Korup, the chimpanzees do not make a brush at all and use their mouth to shake the inserted stick while it is in the mound,” Boesch continues.

Most of the chimpanzee studied live in similar habitats with access to similar resources, which means that scientists can rule out environmental constraints to account for these differences, according to the statement.

Rather, termite fishing etiquette seem to differ with each regional group. Individuals in each group shared more termite fishing techniques when compared with chimps from other groups.

“This supports the idea that chimpanzees are capable of imitating social techniques in ‘how to termite fish’ which goes beyond alternative explanations such as each individual reinventing termite fishing each time they learn it,” co-author Ammie Kalan says in statement.

“This paper is an absolute milestone in ‘culture in nature’ research,” Carel van Schaik, a primatologist at the University of Zurich not involved in the study, tells the New Scientist.

Yet as more research continues to be done on the subject of animal cultures, chimp culture might be at risk. As Brigit Katz reported for Smithsonian magazine in 2019, another study by Pan African Programme researchers found that chimpanzee culture was disappearing in the face of human disruption, including habitat destruction, road building, poaching and logging. Chimps living near areas of “high degree of human impact” were 88 percent less likely to display a diversity of social behaviors than chimps residing in regions with the lowest degree of human impact.

“We’re still investigating it,” Kalan, who was also involved in the 2019 study, told Ed Yong of The Atlantic at the time. “And we might be running out of time.”

#News

[doubleattitude]

Radix Dance Convention Nationals, Las Vegas 2021 Results

Core Performer:

(Top 3/4 in Bold)

Mini Female

Top 20:

Emily Jungmann

Isabella Kouznetsova

Skylar Wong

Madelyn Murphy

Carrigan Paylor

Kate Baldwin

Madison Carmody

Karyna Majeroni

Elizabeth Bilecki

Sasha Milstein

Diana Kouznetsova

Ellary Day Szyndlar

Tiara Sherman

Fiona Wu

Savannah Manzel

Camila Giraldo

Victoria Martinez

Georgia Beth Peters

Addison Price

Regan Gerena

Winner: Carrigan Paylor

Mini Male

Top 7:

Elias Elkind

Karson Koller

Santiago Sosa

Julian Aranda

Michael Cash Savio

Nico Dahl

Josh Lundy

Winner: Michael Cash Savio

Junior Female

Top 20:

Kendyl Fay

Daniela SanGiacomo

Kinley Andrews

Laci Stoico

Haileigh Brennan

Crystal Huang

Giselle Gandarilla

Kira Chan

Rylee Young

Kaili Kester

Taytum Ruckle

Maddie Ortega

Angelina Elliott

Anya Inger

Gracyn French

Aaliyah Dixon

Brinkley Pittman

Breanna Bieler

Alexis Mayer

Madison Ronquillo

Winner: Crystal Huang

Junior Male

Top 6:

Johnny Gray

Zachary Gibson

Haiden Neuville

Wyatt Brisson

Ayden Nguyen

Coltrane Vodicka

Winner: Coltrane Vodicka

Teen Female

Top 25:

Destanye Diaz

Izzy Howard

Kaitlyn Ortega

Jada Specht

Emily Madden

Harlow Ganz

Sabine Nehls

Dyllan Blackburn

Antonia Gonzalez

Brooklyn Law

Isabella Lynch

Avery Cashen

Charlie Kautzer

Valadie Cammack

Kiarra Waidelich

Isabel Joves

Olivia Magni

Rachel Loiselle

Mia Ibach

Cydney Heard

Madison Marshall

Kaylinn Rees

Hayden Frazier

Addison Middleton

Carly Thinfen

Winner: Kiarra Waidelich

Teen Male

Top 21:

Trent Grappe

Jack Brokaw

Luke Barrett

Nathan Scott

Antony Curley

Sam Fine

Louis Sloot

Rosendo Archiga

Harrison Robinson

Christian De Jesus

Xander Perone

Noah Ayden Grady

Jonah Daquigan

Samuel Sharp Jr

Jackson Koressel

Gavin Warfield

AJ Storey

Nicholas Bustos

Tucker Gokey

Ronnie Lewis

Sam Suro

Winner: Antony Curley

Senior Female

Top 22:

Camille Fehr

Rina Kanamaki

Elisabeth Pabich

Kayla Pereira

Sara Eberhardt

Ava La France

Selena Hamilton

Anna Miller

Skye Notary

Priscilla Tom

Mackenzie Jarrett

Libby Wiley

Makayla D’Ambrosio

Camryn Bridges

Maddie Thanos

Lola Coghill

Zoe Lemelman

Makenna Okamoto

Vanessa Valenzuela

Peyton Martineau

Erin Wienke

Izzy Burton

Winner: Erin Wienke

Senior Male

Top 13:

Wysdem Caesar

Garren Garcia

John Mays

Seth Gibson

Raiden King

Alec Brown

Bronson Dahmer

Jackson Roloff-Hafenbreadl

Sam McWilliams

Levi Sherman

Konnor Kelly

Zach Buri

Thiago Pacheco

Winner: Sam McWilliams

Finals:

High Scores by Age:

Cash Prizes:

1st: $200

2nd: $100

3rd: $50

Rookie Solo

1st: Mila Renae-’Soldier’

2nd: Lucia Piedrahita-’Fields of Gold’

2nd: Aliya Yen-’Loyal, Brave and True’

3rd: Melina Biltz-’Welcome Home’

4th: Zoey Brooks-’My Boyfriend’s Back’

5th: Lexi Menjivar-’I Will Survive’

6th: Moriah Peralta-’Up, Up & Away’

7th: Kaiya Carrillo-’Love Shack’

8th: Kinsey Fitts-’Can You Imagine That’

8th: Shale Herrera-’Dream’

9th: Madison Skapyak-’Songbird’

10th: Eden Hernandez-’Chocolate Box’

Mini Solo

1st: Camila Giraldo-’Welcome to Miami’

2nd: Skylar Wong-’Lovefooll’

3rd: Carrigan Paylor-’Orange Colored Sky’

4th: Regan Gerena-’My Boyfriend’s Back’

4th: Michael Cash Savio-’Rhythm’

5th: Tiara Sherman-’Cielo’

6th: Isabella Kouznetsova-’Trouble’

6th: Emily Jungmann-’You Sleep On’

7th: Winter Eberts-’Hit The Road Jack’

7th: Esme Chou-’Unravel’

8th: Addison Price-’Je Te Laisserai Des Mots’

9th: Avery Maycunich-’Wild is the Wind’

10th: Abigail Pucylowski-’Menace’

Junior Solo

1st: Crystal Huang-’Moonlight Sonata’

2nd: Gracyn French-’A Character of Quiet’

3rd: Angelina Elliot-’Out’

4th: Aaliyah Dixon-’That’s Life’

4th: Alexis Mayer-’Vanished’

5th: Laci Stoico-’Mein Herr’

6th: Daniela SanGiacomo-’Restless’

7th: Lexi Godwin-’Debut’

7th: Brenna Bieler-’Moonlight Sonata’

8th: Naia Parker-’Lit’

9th: Vivienne Robillard-’Immigration’

9th: Zoe Zielinski-’Z’

10th: Maddie Ortega-’A Winged Victory’

10th: Zachary Gibson-’Unknown’

Teen Solo

1st: Sophia Cobo-’Do You Feel Real’

1st: Izzy Howard-’Mer de Velours’

1st: Cydney Heard-’Je T'aime’

1st: Kiarra Waidelich-’The Resemblance is Uncanny’

2nd: Angelika Edejer-’One Giant Leap’

3rd: Kaitlyn Ortega-’Ain’t No Sunshine’

3rd: Harlow Ganz-’Breaking the Surface’

3rd: Antonia Gonzalez-’Like The Wind’

4th: Xander Perone-’Elijah’

4th: Dyllan Blackburn-’Silver Screen’

5th: Charli Ortiz-Ringenbach-’Is This Love’

6th: Ava Greendwaldt-’Countdown’

6th: Sammi Chung-’Eight’

6th: Isabella Warfield-’Nicest Thing’

6th: Jadyn Saigusa-’Wonderlust’

7th: June Hurley-’Don’t Think Of Me Like That’

7th: Kenzie Jones-’Flightless Bird’

8th: Finley Williams-’We’ll See’

9th: Sarah Laskowski-’For You’

10th: Addison Middleton-’ERROR’

10th: Rosendo Arechiga-’Thanks for Asking’

Senior Solo

1st: Thiago Pacheco-’The Poet’

2nd: Selena Hamilton-’Black Car’

3rd: Jackson Roloff-Hafenbreadl-’Darkness’

4th: Maddie Nemeth-’Sycamore Tree’

5th: Olivya Sessing-’House on the Hill’

6th: Sheridan Naugle-’Irreplaceable’

6th: Mia Tassani-’Mam’

6th: Seth Gibson-’Mind Bugs’

7th: Makayla D’Ambrosio-’Consider’

8th: Leigha Agins-’Prerogative’

9th: Milan Furtado-’As We Appear’

9th: Georgi Carmack-’Creature’

9th: Minda Li-’On Her Shoulders’

9th: Britton Moore-’Radiator’

9th: Libby Wiley-’Running Up That Hill’

9th: Sara Eberhardt-’Sticks and stone’

10th: Yasmine Quintana-’Hate’

Rookie Duo/Trio

1st: Danceplex-’Stand By Me’

2nd: AVANTI Dance Company-’It Must Be Love’

3rd: AVANTI Dance Company-’Never Enough’

4th: Notion Dance Concepts-’MILK $’

5th: The Industry Dance Academy-’Don’t Go Without Me’

Mini Duo/Trio

1st: Woodbury Dance Center-’Yesterday’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Something’s Gotta Change’

3rd: AVANTI Dance Company-’Gracious’

4th: Studio X-’Vogue’

5th: Studio 19 Dance Complex-’Gonna Get Ya’

Junior Duo/Trio

1st: AVANTI Dance Company-’Go Girl’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Everything Is In Line’

3rd: Elements Dance Space-’Separate’

4th: Danceplex-’This Is Me Trying’

5th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Wild Life’

Teen Duo/Trio

1st: The Rock Center for Dance-’Make Me High’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance-’Last Light’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Hey’

4th: Evolution Dance Complex-’Before You Go’

5th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Crystalized’

Senior Duo/Trio

1st: Mather Dance Company-’Trust Me Again’

2nd: The Difference Dance Company-’3′

3rd: MVP Dance Elite-’Bitter

3rd: CanDance Studios-’Revolution’

4th: The Difference Dance Company-’June 7th’

5th: Studio 413-’Black Flies’

Rookie Group

1st: Danceplex-’Little Wonders’

2nd: Danceplex-’Lets Hear It For the Boy’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Lullaby’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Girls Night Out’

5th: Notion Dance Concepts-’Firework’

Mini Group

1st: Project 21-’Fan Tan Fannie’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Searching For...’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Don’t Give Up On Me’

4th: Evoke Dance Movement-’I Think I Love You’

5th: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Queen Bees’

Junior Group

1st: Project 21-’No Fear But Anticipation’

2nd: Project 21-’Stuff Like That There’

2nd: Orange County Performing Arts Academy-’Wind It Up’

3rd: Prodigy Training Center-’School of Prodigy’

3rd: Orange County Performing Arts Academy-’Sing, Sing, Sing’

3rd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Un Momento Finale’

4th: Cypress Dance Project-’What Is Love?’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Wolves’

5th: The Difference Dance Company-’1977′

5th: Woodbury Dance Center-’Alright’

Teen Group

1st: Project 21-’Bring On the Men’

2nd: Project 21-’Girls, Girls, Girls’

3rd: The Difference Dance Company-’Cellophane’

3rd: The Rock Center for Dance-’Heavenly Bodies’

3rd: Mather Dance Company-’Overdose’

3rd: The Difference Dance Company-’Unchained’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company-’The Cuckoo’s Nest’

5th: Orange County Performing Arts Academy-’Boom POW’

Senior Group

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Prague’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’I Love America’

2nd: Mather Dance Company-’We The Soldiers’

3rd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Hard Voices’

4th: Impact Dance Studio-’Fame’

4th: The Industry Dance Academy-’When Dirt Meets Water’

4th: The Difference Dance Company-’Wolves’

5th: Mather Dance Company-’For All We Know’

Rookie Line

1st: The Rock Center for Dance-’Innana’

2nd: AVANTI Dance Company-’Ooh La La’

3rd: AVANTI Dance Company-’Wash & Set’

4th: Cypress Dance Project-’Bat Dance’

Mini Line

1st: The Rock Center for Dance-’6 Out of Six’

1st: Project 21-’Dive In the Pool’

2nd: Impact Dance Studio-’Go Your Own Way’

2nd: Impact Dance Studio-’You Can’t Stop the Beat’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Always’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center-’Booty Swing’

5th: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Distance’

Junior Line

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’Derniere Danse’

2nd: Impact Dance Studio-’Mein Herr’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Whole Lotta Woman’

3rd: Project 21-’Proud Mary’

4th: Impact Dance Studio-’Hallelujah’

5th: The Rock Center for Dance-’All Good People’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’It Wasn’t Always Like This’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center-’Mahala’

Teen Line

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’New York New York’

2nd: Studio 413-’Hold On Tight’

3rd: Project 21-’Post That’

4th: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Dream Girls’

5th: The Rock Center for Dance-’Hey!’

Senior Line

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’Here Comes the Rain’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’No Colors Anymore’

3rd: Mather Dance Company-’Voice of God’

4th: Project 21-’The Dictator’s Dream’

5th: The Difference Dance Company-’Cody Banks’

Rookie Extended Line

1st: AVANTI Dance Company-’Brave’

2nd: The Industry Dance Academy-’Hard Knock Life’

Mini Extended Line

1st: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Trouble’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance-’Settle Down’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Choo Choo’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Boy Meets Girl’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Dream In Color’

Junior Extended Line

1st: Evoke Dance Movement-’Purse First’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Hold Your Own’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Better Than Ever’

4th: Studio 413-’Girl Boss’

5th: Studio 413-’Goodbye’

5th: Evoke Dance Movement-’Lose Control’

Teen Extended Line

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Euphoric’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Hush Up’

3rd: Project 21-’Desoleil’

4th: CanDance Studios-’Throw It Back’

5th: Evoke Dance Movement-’Adios’

5th: CanDance Studios-’The Colony’

Senior Extended Line

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’My House, My Rules’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’So What Now?’

2nd: The Difference Dance Company-’The Ravens’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Terrified’

Junior Production

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’One More Time’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Eminence’

3rd: Studio 413-’Electricity’

Teen Production

1st: Woodbury Dance Center-’Fly Away’

1st: AVANTI Dance Company-’Gone Too Soon’

High Scores by Performance Division:

Rookie Jazz

1st: Danceplex-’Lets Hear It For the Boy’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Girls Night Out’

3rd: AVANTI Dance Company-’Ooh La La’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Wash & Set’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Spice Up Your Life’

5th: The Industry Dance Academy-’Material Girl’

Rookie Contemporary

1st: The Rock Center for Dance-’Innana’

Rookie Lyrical

1st: Danceplex-’Little Wonders’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Lullaby’

3rd: Notion Dance Concepts-’Firework’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Brave’

Rookie Musical Theatre

1st: The Industry Dance Academy-’Hard Knock Life’

Rookie Specialty

1st: Cypress Dance Project-’Bat Dance’

Mini Jazz

1st: Project 21-’Dive In the Pool’

2nd: Impact Dance Studio-’You Can’t Stop the Beat’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Trouble’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’What Have You Done For Me Lately’

5th: Evoke Dance Movement-’Money Heist’

Mini Ballet

1st: Summit Dance Shoppe-’This Way’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Whistle A Happy Tune’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Rosamunde’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Cats’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’A Lovely Night’

Mini Hip-Hop

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Queen Bees’

2nd: Prodigy Training Center-’JR Prodigy’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Get Up’

4th: Prodigy Training Center-’Money’

5th: Heat Dance Studio-’Work It Out’

Mini Tap

1st: Studio 19 Dance Complex-’L.O.V.E’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Booty Swing’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Choo Choo’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Swing in the Mood’

4th: Studio 413-’Critical Level’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Charleston Charlie’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Aye Carumba’

Mini Contemporary

1st: The Rock Center for Dance-’6 Out of Six’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Searching For...’

3rd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Distance’

4th: The Difference Dance Company-’Lying’

5th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Glad It’s Raining’

Mini Lyrical

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’Go Your Own Way’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Don’t Give Up On Me’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Always’

4th: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Lego House’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Soon You’ll Get Better’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Dream In Color’

5th: Artistic Motion Dance-’What A Wonderful World’

Mini Musical Theatre

1st: Project 21-’Fan Tan Fannie’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Wedding Bells’

3rd: The Industry Dance Academy-’Revolting Children’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’I’ve Got Rhythm’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’All That Jazz’

Mini Specialty

1st: Evoke Dance Movement-’I Think I Love You’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance-’Settle Down’

3rd: Studio 19 Dance Complex-’Come Little Children’

4th: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Youth Strong’

5th: Studio 19 Dance Complex-’Child of Light’

Junior Jazz

1st: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Whole Lotta Woman’

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’One More Time’

2nd: Project 21-’Proud Mary’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Purse First’

4th: Project 21-’Stuff Like That There’

4th: Orange County Performing Arts Academy-’Wind It Up’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center-’Mahala’

5th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Can You Dig It?’

Junior Ballet

1st: Woodbury Dance Center-’Combust’

2nd: The Industry Dance Academy-’Spring’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Bathers’

Junior Hip-Hop

1st: Prodigy Training Center-’School of Prodigy’

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Eminence’

2nd: Studio 413-’Girl Boss’

3rd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Lose Control’

4th: Cypress Dance Project-’Plain Jane’

5th: Heat Dance Studio-’Up’

Junior Tap

1st: Cypress Dance Project-’What Is Love?’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center-’I Love It’

3rd: Studio 413-’Into The Night’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Valerie’

5th: Cypress Dance Project-’Halftime’

Junior Contemporary

1st: Project 21-’No Fear But Anticipation’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance-’All Good People’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Hold Your Own’

2nd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’It Wasn’t Always Like This’

3rd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Un Momento Finale’

4th: Woodbury Dance Center-’Wasted Air’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Wolves’

5th: Studio 413-’Goodbye’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center-’Alright’

Junior Lyrical

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’Hallelujah’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’You Are The Reason’

3rd: Stars Dance Studio-’Dawn of Love’

3rd: Impact Dance Studio-’Time After Time’

4th: To The Pointe Dance Centre-’It’s All Coming Back To Me’

5th: Studio 19 Dance Complex-’When I Look At You’

Junior Musical Theatre

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’Mein Herr’

2nd: Cypress Dance Project-’Elle’s Big Day’

3rd: The Industry Dance Academy-’West Side Story’

Junior Specialty

1st Impact Dance Studio-’Derniere Danse’

2nd: Orange County Performing Arts Academy-’Sing, Sing, Sing’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Better Than Ever’

3rd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’You’re Mine’

4th: The Difference Dance Company-’1977′

5th: Stars Dance Studio-’Spa’

Teen Jazz

1st: Project 21-’Bring On the Men’

2nd: Project 21-’Post That’

3rd: CanDance Studios-’Throw It Back’

4th: Orange County Performing Arts Academy-’Boom POW’

5th: Studio 413-’Social Media Overload’

Teen Ballet

1st: The Industry Dance Academy-’To The Pointe’

2nd: Cypress Dance Project-’Hunted’

Teen Hip-Hop

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Hush Up’

2nd: CanDance Studios-’Panaramic’

3rd: AVANTI Dance Company-’Runnin’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Clones’

5th: Studio 413-’Ready or Not’

5th: Studio 413-’Savage’

Teen Tap

1st: Studio 413-’No One’

2nd: Woodbury Dance Center-’I’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Go’

3rd: Summit Dance Shoppe-’25 Miles’

Teen Contemporary

1st: Studio 413-’Hold On Tight’

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Euphoric’

2nd: The Rock Center for Dance-’Hey!’

3rd: Project 21-’Desoleil’

4th: Project 21-’Girls, Girls, Girls’

5th: CanDance Studios-’Can I’

5th: The Difference Dance Company-’Unchained’

5th: The Difference Dance Company-’Cellophane’

5th: Stars Dance Studio-’Through our Strength’

5th: The Rock Center for Dance-’Heavenly Bodies’

Teen Lyrical

1st: Mather Dance Company-’Overdose’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Take Me’

3rd: Studio 19 Dance Complex-’Particles’

4th: Danceplex-’If I Say’

5th: Heat Dance Studio-’He Loves Me’

Teen Musical Theatre

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’New York New York’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Singular Sensation’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Almost Like Being In Love’

Teen Ballroom

1st: CanDance Studios-’I Got the Boom’

Teen Specialty

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Dream Girls’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’The Future Is Female’

3rd: AVANTI Dance Company-’Gone Too Soon’

4th: Heat Dance Studio-’Freedom’

4th: The Difference Dance Company-’Pale’

5th: The Industry Dance Academy-’Flashing Lights’

Senior Jazz

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’My House, My Rules’

2nd: Impact Dance Studio-’Fame’

3rd: Mather Dance Company-’Prisoner’

4th: AVANTI Dance Company-’Need U Tonight’

5th: Woodbury Dance Center-’Cleopatrs in New York’

Senior Ballet

1st: Woodbury Dance Center-’Illumination’

Senior Hip-Hop

1st: Woodbury Dance Center-’CrAzY’

Senior Tap

1st: Woodbury Dance Center-’Funkytown’

Senior Contemporary

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’No Colors Anymore’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’I Love America’

2nd: Mather Dance Company-’We The Soldiers’

3rd: Project 21-’The Dictator’s Dream’

3rd: The Difference Dance Company-’Wolves’

3rd: The Industry Dance Academy-’When Dirt Meets Water’

4th: The Difference Dance Company-’The Ravens’

5th: The Difference Dance Company-’The First Time’

Senior Lyrical

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Prague’

2nd: Impact Dance Studio-’Here Comes the Rain’

3rd: Mather Dance Company-’Voice of God’

4th: Mather Dance Company-’For All We Know’

5th: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Wash’

Senior Specialty

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Hard Voices’

2nd: The Difference Dance Company-’Cody Banks’

3rd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’So What Now?’

4th: CanDance Studios-’I Won’t Complain’

5th: Cypress Dance Project-’To This Day’

Best of Radix:

Rookie

Winners: 

The Rock Center for Dance-’Innana’

Danceplex-’Little Wonders’

Mini

1st: The Rock Center for Dance-’6 Out of Six’

2nd: Evoke Dance Movement-’Searching For...’

3rd: Project 21-’Dive In the Pool’

4th: Impact Dance Studio-’You Can’t Stop the Beat’

5th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Trouble’

6th: Woodbury Dance Center-’Don’t Give Up On Me’

Junior

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’Derniere Danse’

2nd: Project 21-’Proud Mary’

3rd: Woodbury Dance Center-’Mahala’

4th: Summit Dance Shoppe-’Whole Lotta Woman’

5th: Evoke Dance Movement-’Purse First’

6th: The Rock Center for Dance-’All Good People’

7th: Orange County Performing Arts Academy-’Wind It Up’

Teen

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’New York New York’

2nd: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Euphoric’

3rd: Project 21-’Bring On the Men’

4th: Studio 413-’Hold On Tight’

5th: The Rock Center for Dance-’Hey!’

Senior

1st: Impact Dance Studio-’Here Comes the Rain’

1st: Nor Cal Dance Arts-’Prague’

2nd: Mather Dance Company-’Voice of God’

3rd: Project 21-’The Dictator’s Dream’

3rd: The Difference Dance Company-’Wolves’

4th: The Industry Dance Academy-’When Dirt Meets Water’

Best in Show ($10 000):

Winner: Impact Dance Studio-’New York New York’

[amyandrews]

not being able to pick her partner for this history project was the biggest stressor in amy’s life at the moment. while it seemed like every single one of her friends had gotten to work together, amy was paired with warren zielinsky; a guy whose name she barely knew much less how to pronounce. it wasn’t that amy thought she was better than him, it was just that their social circles had never overlapped in the last three years of high school. there comes a point when a person just has to recognize there are certain people they will never get to know and be okay with it. 

still, amy wasn’t about to risk a bad grade on a project and had promptly made plans with warren to meet at the local library once she was done with cheer practice for the day. wearing a t-shirt with their high school’s mascot and name emblazoned on the front as well as keeping her cheer bow in her hair, she made her way through the library looking for warren. once she had spotted him, she half-jogged and half-walked over to where he was sitting, sliding into the chair opposite him as she dropped her backpack on the ground next to her. 

“sorry, we were kept late at cheer. we’ve got this big half time dance planned and sarah clark apparently still can’t tell left from right so she messes everyone in her section up and we keep having to correct her even though the dance is supposed to happen in like two days, so we really don’t have time to be wasting it all on this,” she rambled, before pausing, realizing he really didn’t look like someone who cares how cheer practice went. “but, uh, i’m here now to work.”

[sandovalenst1000]

Water is not just for us!

Contrary to popular belief, water is not and will not always be a constant for the human race to use and abuse for its own benefit. While society operates under the impression that water is a constant resource, most people ignore the realities that come from inadequate access to water, such as waterborne infectious disease in contaminated sources. Despite our earth’s surface being 71% water, very little of our earth’s surface is freshwater, which is extremely limited through groundwater and surface water sources. Groundwater makes up most of our freshwater, primarily coming from aquifers, which are “caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel or rock through which groundwater flows” (Miller, 2018, p. 326). All aquifers are naturally replenished, with fossil aquifers, which are filled with water from melted glaciers, replenished on a larger timescale with at least thousands of years needed to replace its water. Most fossil aquifers are located under coastal seabeds. On the other hand, surface water is “freshwater from rain and melted snow that flows or is stored in lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, streams, and rivers” (Miller, 2018, p. 326) and is from surface runoff that drains into a watershed that stores the water (lakes, streams, etc.). However, only one-third of all surface runoff can be depended on as a reliable water source (Miller, 2018, p. 327). Regarding pollution, groundwater cannot cleanse itself well, so any pollution into groundwater sources leaves the source unusable. Little research is done on whether groundwater is polluted, so most groundwater pollution goes unnoticed for a significant period of time.

To evaluate our water usage, individuals should evaluate their own water footprint, which is a “measure of the volume of freshwater that we use or pollute, directly and indirectly, to stay alive and to support our lifestyles” (Miller, 2018, p. 327). In my family’s 4 person household in Chicago, we use about 6,200 gallons of water per day, including our virtual water intake. We are pretty average for an American family’s water footprint, but it still seems like a lot of water that we don’t even recognize we are using. Additionally, the average American uses about 1,800 gallons of water per day, including their virtual water footprint (Water Footprint Calculator). Most of an individual’s water footprint is in their virtual water usage, which is “freshwater that is not directly consumed but is used to produce food and other products” (Miller, 2018, p. 328), which makes the amount of water we think we use to be a lot less than it actually is and therefore we belittle the importance of water sources in our lives.

In Chapter 13, the textbook focuses on the Colorado River system and the strain that human use puts it through. The case study of the Colorado River system focuses on freshwater scarcity stress, which is “a measure based on the amount of freshwater available compared to the amount used for human purposes” (Miller, 2018, p. 330). Larger river systems, such as the Colorado, Nile, Jordan, and Yangtze rivers face higher stress than other systems, with some locations in their systems having almost no water flow. In the future, the United Nations estimates that water scarcity will be more prevalent in rapidly developing urban areas, which will “amplify the already complex relationship between world development and water demand” and estimates that 1 in 4 children will be living in high water scarcity regions by 2040 (UN Water). With groundwater systems like the Colorado River facing high stress today, the increase of population in already dense cities like Phoenix leaves city planners and engineers to question if it is worth continuing to advance the engineering to maximize water usage from sources. Additionally in the case of the Colorado River system, marine productivity has decreased 95% in the Gulf of California (Robbins, 2019), where the delta of the Colorado River is. While we should be concerned for how our own water consumption will affect our future, the future of our earth’s biodiversity should also be taken into consideration. A significant problem that hides our water usage is government subsidies that encourage the growth of thirsty crops, which not only accelerates the depletion of our water sources, but also increases the competition for water sources between farmers.

Utah’s Lake Powell (Colorado River System) and its 70+ foot deep bathtub ring from water source stress (Zielinski, 2010)

Recently with the help from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, farmers have started using technology to aid water preservation efforts when watering their crops. Using drone technology and sensory equipment, farmers can determine their land’s soil moisture and water with only what is necessary, using a process called deficit irrigation (Associated Press, 2019). Additional solutions to water scarcity include desalination, microfiltration of salt & pollution, water transfers using irrigation, and reservoirs created by dams to increase accessibility to surface runoff. However, the primary focus, instead of finding solutions to utilize more water out of our earth’s sources, should be on how to use our water sources more sustainably, particularly with more efficiency in established processes and minimizing usage where possible in water footprints. Recommendations for reducing water usage include drip irrigation for yards, water saving appliances, and reusing/recycling water where possible.

As water usage intensifies, the chances for water pollution increases as well. Water pollution is “any change in water quality that can harm living organisms or make the water unfit for human uses such as drinking, irrigation, and recreation” (Miller, 2018, p. 543), with agriculture being the leading cause for water pollution with sediments, fertilizers, livestock bacteria, and/or pesticides. Additional sources for pollution include industrial facilities, mining, and wastewater with sewage and other unsafe waste. In water sources, breaking down biodegradable wastes with bacteria uses up oxygen, which reduces or completely eliminates populations of organisms and can create dead zones where pollution is dumped. Other water pollution includes raw sewage in water sources, which the textbook estimates that 80 to 90 percent of sewage in less developed countries is deposited into water sources. As water sources become polluted, eutrophication can occur in increased amounts, which is the “natural nutrient enrichment...caused mostly by runoff of plant nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates from land bordering these bodies of water” (Miller, 2018, p. 549). To improve our water sources and combat increased eutrophication, the sustainable recommendation is to apply natural chemical cycling and return nutrients to soil rather than polluting water sources, but additionally these polluted water sources can be controlled by removing unnecessary plant growth. While not a consumable water source, ocean pollution should also be cared about and acted upon, as the ocean provides a home for a large food source in the human diet. Today, media has started covering ocean pollution created by human industries, such as the Pacific Garbage Patch and oil spills, which provides humans with visual evidence of what our choices and treatment of water sources causes and forces us to realize that water is not just for us. It is for everyone, both humans and other living organisms.

Word count: 1178/1100

Question: How can we help developing countries in their water pollution and how they manage their water resources?

Bibliography

Associated Press. “Farms Turn to Tech amid Water Stress Warnings in Southwest.” New York Post. New York Post, August 13, 2019. https://nypost.com/2019/08/13/farms-turn-to-tech-amid-water-stress-warnings-in-southwest/.

“GRACE's Water Footprint Calculator.” Water Footprint Calculator. GRACE Communications Foundation, 2020. https://www.watercalculator.org/wfc2/complete/.

Miller, G. Tyler, and Scott E. Spoolman. Living in the Environment. 19th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2018.

UN-Water. “Scarcity: UN-Water.” UN. Accessed April 27, 2020. https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/scarcity/.

Wood, Ted, Jim Robbins, Jonathan Mingle, and Gabriel Popkin. “Restoring the Colorado: Bringing New Life to a Stressed River.” Yale E360. Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, February 14, 2019. https://e360.yale.edu/features/restoring-the-colorado-bringing-new-life-to-a-stressed-river.

Zielinski, Sarah. “The Colorado River Runs Dry.” Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution, October 1, 2010. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-colorado-river-runs-dry-61427169/.

[naishtedikur]

10 rrëfenjat e lashta, NGA ARKA E NOES, TEK ORAKULLI I DELFIT

10 rrëfenjat e lashta, NGA ARKA E NOES, TEK ORAKULLI I DELFIT

Nëse ju gërmoni mjaftueshëm thellë, thonë shkencëtarët, mund të gjenden disa të vërteta mbi legjendat e ndryshme dhe historitë mbi krijimin e botës

*Nga Sarah Zielinski

Mitet kanë ushqyer imagjinatën dhe shpirtrat e njerëzve për mijëra vjet.

Shumica dërrmuese e këtyre përrallave, janë thjesht tregime që njerëzit i kanë trashëguar brez pas brezi. Por disa prej tyre i kanë rrënjët në…

[nicholemhearn]

Why America Won’t Declare War

The Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) recently released its legal justification for the Trump administration’s April strike on Syria. Similar to actions undertaken by his predecessors, President Trump’s  strike—in response to the Assad regime’s use of chemical weapons—took place without either congressional authorization or a formal declaration of war. And, similarly, OLC’s legal justification built on those of previous presidents for ignoring the legislative branch.

While the attack on Syria was a limited strike—with limited chance of retaliation against the United States—it raises questions about what Congress would have done had President Trump followed through on his threats to unleash “fire and fury” against North Korea. Former Congressman Mickey Edwards wrote emphatically last month that it was Congress’ decision whether the country would once again fight a war on the Korean Peninsula, not the president’s. Conservative commentator George Will put in more vividly in response to a suggestion by Republican Senator Lindsey Graham that war with North Korea was the president’s call: “Note the senator’s clear premise: It is for the president to ‘pick’ between war involving millions of deaths, and peace. Congress, its arthritic knees creaky from decades of genuflections at the altar of presidential power, will be a gimpy spectator.”

Seeing as the United States has not declared war since World War II, yet frequently uses military force abroad, why has it stopped legally declaring war? Because it is less costly for both Congress and the president to legally acknowledge a war—despite the fact that the framers of the Constitution put war power in the hands of Congress precisely to avoid this outcome.

Since its founding, the U.S. has formally declared war eleven times. While it has legally authorized the use of military force abroad numerous times, Congress issued its last formal declarations of war on June 4, 1942, declaring war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania. According to the Congressional Research Service, the United States has used armed force abroad 243 times since its last declaration of war. While one could take issue with how instances of armed force are counted in the report, the number would still suggest Congress has abdicated its responsibility.

From a domestic perspective, as Elizabeth Saunders explained in a 2016 round up of scholarly work on foreign policy and electoral politics for the Monkey Cage, foreign policy plays little to no role in American elections. For example, Adam Berinsky has shown how the public follows elite cues when forming opinions on war and peace.While John Mueller has argued that wars are more likely to matter as casualties begin to mount electorally, voters still prioritize economic issues in presidential elections. As Saunders notes elsewhere, failing to take a formal position on a war is politically useful for members of Congress. Punting responsibility for declaring or authorizing war allows politicians to avoid the appearance of opposing a war that might prove popular if successful, or supporting a war that would be unpopular if unsuccessful. But given its lack of salience, American presidents are unlikely to pay any electoral price for failing to seek a declaration of war or authorizations to use military force—nor are members of Congress likely to pay any price for failing to hold a president accountable for that failure.

There are also international reasons—independent from domestic parochialism—that affect the likelihood that the U.S. will declare war. As Tanisha Fazal has demonstrated, the decline in formal declarations of war is a worldwide phenomenon. Fazal finds that the reason states are no longer inclined to declare war is the proliferation of laws governing the conduct of armed conflict. She argues that the increased number of codified jus in bello laws raises the compliance costs of formally acknowledging that states are at war when they use military force.

Both the domestic and international explanations point in a common direction: it is less costly to avoid declaring war than it is do so. For those who believe that formal declarations of war will make it more likely that Congress will constrain executive branch warmaking, this research suggests that they should focus on raising the cost of failing to initiate a conflict.

The desire to make it costly for politicians to initiate conflicts frequently leads to calls to bring back the U.S. military draft. An experimental study by Michael Horowitz and Matthew Levendusky does provide evidence for the proposition that the likelihood of opposition to a conflict increases with the likelihood that an individual or family member will be conscripted to fight in it. However, the resurrection of the draft is unlikely. Moreover, as Jim Golby recently noted, the U.S. still fought undeclared wars—and for lengthy periods of time—when the draft was operative.

As noted above, increasing numbers of casualties can impose electoral costs. However, as Fazal has explained, advances in modern military medicine are leading to fewer battlefield deaths. Advanced military technology also means smaller numbers of military personnel will be in harm’s way. Moreover, if casualties are increasing, hostilities are already under way and the horse has left the barn debate over whether Congress should have declared war.

Recent research by Sarah Kreps, Jonathan Caverley, Rosella Cappella Zielinski, and others looks at the role of war financing in alleviating the need for American society to bear the costs of war. Kreps and Gustavo Flores-Macias use an experimental survey to show that public opposition to a war increases when it will be paid for through taxation rather than debt. And drawing on her book on the subject in a Vox piece earlier this week, Kreps explained why there is so little paid to the wars America is currently fighting—let alone new ones:

What explains the American tolerance for such open-ended, seemingly never-ending wars?

  One view is that the light footprint of modern warfare — drones, small numbers of special forces, and cyber, as opposed to large deployments of troops — is a chief culprit. This approach to conflict removes a barrier to war because it does not inflict casualties on American troops that would draw attention to and drain support for the enterprise.

  This is surely a contributing factor. But I argue that the most crucial difference between these wars and those of the past is how they have been financed. Contemporary wars are all put on the nation’s credit card, and that eliminates a critical accountability link between the populace and the conduct of war.

Caverley also demonstrates to that taxation matters. He argues that progressive taxation and income inequality distribute the costs of war upward in society and away from the median voter. Similarly, a survey experiment by Cappella Zielinski, Douglas Kriner, and Breanna Lechase finds that elite cues that signal support or opposition for different types of taxation instruments will effect partisan attitudes toward a conflict.

Imposing these costs might not make members of Congress more likely to formally declare war. However, if congressional declarations of war are supposed to be a constraint on the executive branch’s ability to initiate a conflict, they might increase the salience of war and peace in ways that affect the political calculus in ways that hectoring legislators about their duties under the Constitution have so far failed to do.

The post Why America Won’t Declare War appeared first on Niskanen Center.

from nicholemhearn digest https://niskanencenter.org/blog/why-america-wont-declare-war/

[mariasolemarionqi]

19 Outstanding Hospital Social Media Teams

In many ways, spearheading social media for a major U.S. hospital is like spearheading social for any brand. Telling stories, engaging an audience, managing community feedback, and analyzing your efforts are part of every social media marketer’s job. Hospital social teams, however, face the unique challenge of operating in a highly regulated industry. Audiences look up to them as community leaders and educators. The patient stories they tell and feedback their receive often carry life-changing consequences.

Social teams at these institutions have to be exceptional listeners and top-notch strategizers. We set out to identify the teams going above and beyond on social media—the truly exceptional in this challenging field. Below you’ll find the 19 best social media teams from the nation’s top hospitals, each one responsible for some of the most successful and engaging social media content in the health industry (which you can read more about in our latest report, below).

Download the Report Now

NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital

Emily Berkowitz, Social Media Associate

NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital boasts the most engaging social media presence of any hospital in the U.S., according to our latest research. As Social Media Associate, Emily masterminds NYP’s social strategy and upholds the hospital’s status as a supportive and educational community cornerstone.

Cleveland Clinic

Nada Youssef, Social Media Coordinator

Stephanie Petrucci, Social Media Manager

Shelby Simmons, Social Media Coordinator

Elizabeth Melhus, Social Media Specialist

Cleveland Clinic is lucky enough to have a large team of pros heading up its social media efforts: Nada Youssef, Stephanie Petrucci, Shelby Simmons, and Elizabeth Melhus. This stellar team generates twice as much social content as the average U.S. hospital and boasts one of the highest engagement rates in the country.

Mayo Clinic

Audrey Laine Seymour, Social Media Specialist

Rounding out the top three is Mayo Clinic’s Audrey Laine Seymour. Mayo Clinic stands head and shoulders above its peers when it comes to social video content and was responsible for one of the most “Loved” Facebook video posts of any hospital this past February.

UPMC

Shannon Shields, Social Media Strategist

Shannon has been with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center since 2015. In her time with UPMC, she’s built one of the most engaging social presences in the hospital industry, reaching audiences on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and—yes—even Pinterest.

IU Health

Daniel Woody, Associate-Senior Social Media Strategist

Daniel took charge of social media at Indiana University Health last year. Like its peers in the top five, IU Health maintains a prolific social presence and attracts a striking amount of engagement.

UCLA Health

Linda Ho, Director, Digital Marketing

Georgiana Masgras, Web & Social Media Strategist

Ashley Anderson-Dinielli, Social Media Manager

The top-notch social media team at UCLA Health places special focus on uniting their institution’s silos under a strong, unified brand voice. According to Digital Marketing Director Linda Ho, they’re devoted to their social media monitoring, which helps them take a proactive approach to engaging with their audience and stay aware of the social conversation surrounding the hospital.

One such proactive strategy is the UCLAMDChat series. This webinar series connects audiences with doctors and medical experts via Facebook Live, YouTube, and Twitter. Viewers tune in to get the latest information on medical advances at UCLA, conditions, and treatments.

Linda offers this advice to social media teams in heavily regulated industries: “Have a process in place to manage content as well as content contributors. Be patient as you work towards establishing a formal policy towards achieving your goals.”

Johns Hopkins Medicine

Elena Meadowcroft, Web Content Specialist

Breana Fischer, Internet Marketing Specialist

Elena and Breana both joined Johns Hopkins in 2016. In addition to running the hospital’s social presence, the team also maintains a successful email marketing strategy with a robust subscriber base.

UCSF Medical Center

Marc Fredson, Director, Strategic Marketing

Diana Silva, Associate Director, Digital Marketing Projects

Rob Odom, Vice President, Marketing and Brand Management

Sarah (Chan) Fan, Marketing Manager

Jeanne Zielinski, Marketing Manager

The social team at UCSF Medical Center caught our eye when they turned a Facebook link post—usually one of the worst-performing types of social content—into a major point of engagement. Rather than let comments simply accumulate on their announcement post, the UCSF team personally thanked every well-wisher.

Massachusetts General Hospital

Monique Tremblay, Digital and Social Marketing Manager

Since 2016, Monique has spearheaded Massachusetts General Hospital’s social strategy and even worked with local colleges to show students what hospitals are doing in digital marketing.

Mount Sinai Health System

Kavya Rathi, Communications and Marketing Associate

Danielle O’Malley, Assistant Director of Marketing

Courtney Seck, Marketing..

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