#sagada gold mines

[farmdelosreyestedeschi]

Inlegal D 'Oro mines in the CNR cordillera in the Baguio Sagada area but "could easily be" Palawan Mindanao (where there are tribes of native Philippines or Aboriginal people) in all the Philippines and gold and other precious metals.                                                                                                                                   Ang mga mina ng Inlegal D 'Oro sa CNR cordillera sa lugar ng Baguio Sagada ngunit "madaling maging" Palawan Mindanao (kung saan mayroong mga tribo ng katutubong Pilipinas o mga taong Aboriginal) sa buong Pilipinas at ginto at iba pang mahalagang mga metal

[purplesurveys]

375

Choose any age you once were; answer the questions about you at THAT age. Age of choice: 17 (this was in 2015), as determined by Gab haha. The People I Knew Who was your crush (or significant other) back then? I was with Gab for the first half of the year, but I broke up with her too. Was anyone crushing on you? If so, who? I dunno, possibly. I was never entirely sure of Gab’s feelings in the first run of our relationship cos we rushed the whole thing really, so I don’t want to assume and say that she was attracted to me then. Who was your best friend at the time? Sofie, Angela, and Gab. Pretty much the same crew except I don’t talk to Sofie anymore. Any enemies/people you didn't like? Marielle, as always. Which family member were you closest to? I’ve never been close to my family, but if I had to name someone I guess it would be one of my older cousins, who I call Kuya since he feels just like an older brother to me.

Which family member were you the least close to? My mom. If you were in school, name a teacher you had: That was senior year, sooooo...Ms. Michelle. She was our class adviser but she also taught homeroom. What was your attitude toward people in general? I think I relied on other people a lot, because that was the year my grandfather died (first time I ever had to deal with death) and I got dumped and for the first time in several years, I suddenly cut Gabie out of my life. It took some adjusting that could’ve only been fixed by surrounding myself with others. It also helps that it was our last year in high school so it was a year when my classmates and I really bonded together. The Places I Went: Whose house were you at the most? I didn’t go to a lot of friends’ at the time but it was most probably either Athenna’s or Angela’s. Where was your favorite place to go to have fun? Chelsea’s house I think haha. My friend group weren’t mall people, we just hung out at the houses of those who’d be willing to accommodate us for the evening and for the most part, that was Chelsea’s place. Did you go on any vacations at that age? If so, where? Sagada/Baguio is the most significant one that comes to mind, but I’m sure we went someplace else but I’ve just forgotten. Where was your favorite place to shop? I didn’t shop much at the time. Favorite place to eat out at the time? I don’t think I had a favorite. I was stuck in school for 10 hours for 5 days straight for 14 years and we were far far away from the city, so going to the mall and trying out restaurants were very seldom. Did you go to any concerts? If so, who did you go to see? I did! I saw One Direction. Barely though, since our seats were far and it was held on mere concert grounds (not an arena which has multi-levels), meaning if you were far away then you had no chance of actually seeing the artist/s. We were far but still close enough that we could make them out, and that was good enough for me. Did you prefer being indoors or outdoors? I was definitely an indoors baby. I still am but I also like going outside now. What state/province did you live in at the time? I’ve been living in the same house. The Things I Did What did you and your friends usually do when you hung out? We were minors, so we’d usually get together for each other’s school events. Half of my friend group was from an all-girls school (AA), and the other half is from an all-boys school (Ateneo). If Ateneo had some sort of benefit concert or fair, we’d go there. If we had our own fair or concert or whatever, the boys would come over to hang with us. If it wasn’t a school thing then we’d normally hang out at someone’s place and order in food. It was a simpler time. What did you usually do in your free time? 2015 was a busy year and whatever free time I got, I used to take charge of the school yearbook or study for college entrance exams. Was there anything extra memorable you did at this age? Yes. I had my first kiss, first breakup, first experience with death, and I went to Sagada and was at peace with myself for the first time that year. I also passed the 3/3 universities I applied for. Oh and I was able to mend my relationship with Gabie and we ended up so much closer than I ever thought we would get. Pretty crazy year. Did you kiss anyone? If so, who? I did. Gab was my first kiss. I thought I was terrible but a few years later she showed a Tumblr post of hers writing about that kiss, and she seemed to think otherwise. Did you ever get in trouble for anything? Like what? I probably did, but I’ve most likely discarded it from my memories. What kind of music did you usually listen to? Up Dharma Down, BP Valenzuela, Ed Sheeran, Sam Smith...I was into a lot of sad music because again, I went through a breakup and it had been a pretty shitty year. Oh and that was the year Adele’s Hello came out which was the icing to my shitty fucking cake. Did you buy anything that you still have to this day? What was it? I’m sure I do, but I don’t keep track of the years I buy my stuff. Did you ever get teased for anything? I don’t think so. What was something you got upset over, if any? I recapped all of them several questions ago, my friend. What was something you got really excited over, if any? Passing the UPCAT and getting Gabie back (as my best friend) were the pots of gold I needed (and got) by the end of 2015. There was no better way to cap off the year. The Things I Liked... & Didn't Like A band/singer you liked? I was on a One Direction high throughout 2015 since I saw them in concert. Hozier also blew up that year and I was alllll over his first album; Athenna introduced me to Banks and I stanned her album as well. A band/singer you didn't like? Meghan Trainor probs. A song you liked? Even If You Asked Me - BP Valenzuela. I continue to stan that song h a r d even four years later. A song you didn't like? Idk anything Meghan Trainor or Ellie Goulding put out. A subject in school you liked? English but only because it was incredibly easy and Hamlet was a breeze. I hated the teacher and I knew she hated me too though. A subject in school you didn't like? I couldn’t give a rat’s ass about calculus. A food you liked? Chocolate chip cookie cups with milk shots were the trend back then and I remember going crazy over them. I’d still have 10 of those today if there were some in front of me. A food you didn't like? Fruits. Something you liked to do? Hahahaha. I liked passing by Gabie’s classroom. She knew she made a mistake dumping me, and while it was really evil of me, I really enjoyed passing by everyday cos I just knew she’d watch me the whole time. I asked her about this when we got back together and my hunch was right. Something you just didn't like to do? Working on calculus worksheets, so I never did attend to those. Still ended up at the top university, so that’s a nice ‘fuck you.’ A TV show you liked? Breaking Bad. A TV show you didn't like? Not so sure. Whatever was hyped back then. Maybe How I Met? A person you liked (as a friend)? Angela. A person you didn't exactly like? Marielle. The Things I Owned Did you own any electronic devices? If so, what? Sure. I had an iPhone 5 then and my old HP laptop. What about toys? I was 17. Overall, what did you have in your room? I think I still had my wrestling posters up during that time, and I also had a letter art thingy on the wall with the quote, “There isn't a person on this planet that should let a past nightmare dictate or cloud their future dreams,” said by CM Punk. I had darker curtains at the time so it was so much easier to be in an ~emo mood while I listened to dark indie songs hahaha. Were any posters plastered on your wall? Of who/what? ^ Refer to previous question. Do you remember what kind of backpack you had for school, if any? Yes, it was a black Nike backpack with yellow accents. Did you own a diary/journal? If my survey blog counts, then yes.

Can you name one thing you got for your birthday at that age? Yanna got me my favorite brand of wafers. I’ll never forget that present, it was so sweet. Did you own a bike/car? Or anything for transportation besides walking? My dad got me a car by the end of the year but I didn’t learn how to use it until the next year. I went to and from school via school service, which is our version of a school bus. What kind of clothes did you usually wear? Meh, my style had still been pretty basic at the time so nothing special. When you go to a private all-girls Catholic school that requires you to wear a uniform for 10 months in any given year, you never really have the time to explore styles that exist beyond your plaid skirt and your white socks. The Things That Were IN What band/singer was very popular, if you can remember? The Weeknd, Drake, Rihanna, Adele, Ed Sheeran. One Direction was pretty big but only because Zayn left that year. What was one song that was played on the radio a lot? Hahaha I had to look this up since I’m terrible with hit songs and the years they came out. The song that screamed to me the most to mention it is Fetty Wap’s Trap Queen. Shit BLEW up in 2015. I’m listening to it rn just for old time’s sake and it still seriously bops. What was something most people your age owned (or HAD to have)? iPhone 5. At the time, it was the perfect phone in the perfect size. Now I can’t stand seeing one cos I had mine for so long, even while everyone overtook me with iPhone 6′s and 7′s lmao. Was Facebook popular yet? Oh yeah. Very much. What book series was the most popular? I’m not so sure about that. Murakami got really popular in my circle at the time, but I’m not sure if that applies everywhere else. What TV series was the most popular? Probably Game of Thrones. What movie did a ton of people go to see? I had to look this up, but apparently there was an Avengers movie out this year. What kind of clothes were most people wearing? Off-shoulders started to spread in 2015, if I remember correctly. Did you tend to like what was popular, or not really? I was sort of in the middle. I listened to One Direction and Rihanna, but I also liked nonconventional stuff like punk rock and wrestling. It’s the same today. What I Think Now Overall, what was it like to be this age? It was definitely one of the better years. 17 was a defining year, and I lost a lot and gained a lot and learned a lot. I’d have no problem rewinding 2015 if I absolutely had to, even if it meant going through the ugly shit again. Looking back, do you miss being this age? I do. I was happier. Do you prefer being the age you are now? To some extent, yes. I don’t really like dwelling in the past. But I do acknowledge that I was happier when I was 17. Now to make you feel old: What year was it when you were this age? 2015. Pretty recent, sis. Would you relive this age all over again? Already said that I would. I’d want to learn as much as I did that year, all over again.

[michikoroko]

Golden Love

Someone said I wouldn't make it but I did. 

It's a Friday morning. Bangkok's rush hour had begun. Wearing my slip ons, white t-shirt and "Thai" pants, I carried my backpack to Sala Daeng train station, keeping my passport, cellphone and money tucked inside another small body bag. After transferring at Siam Station, I got off at Mo Chit, which is also the last stop on the Sukhumvit line. The station didn't provide free wi-fi, so I had to rely solely on my offline resources (for directions). The best tip when you travel solo is to have internet data but in case you've missed out on buying a local sim card or renting a pocket modem which you can carry around, then research about your destination a day before and screenshot everything. 

Thailand is a multi-cultural country and English signs are present in some places. But sometimes, it's hard to find someone to answer your elaborate questions. 

I eventually crossed a sky bridge to go to the other side of the road where people waited for buses in different colors and number schemes which messed me up big time. According to my screenshot, I could take any of the 6 buses on my list. When I asked the man inside the info portal, he said I could only ride 2 of those to Mo Chit 2 Bus station for Northern and Eastern Thai routes. Actually I wasn't sure if I understood him right but from what I've heard, I could only take bus number 3 or 7. The  over thinker in me wondered what could have happened if I took the wrong bus. Ha.  

Anyways, I met a family from Hong kong while I was waiting for bus number 3/7 and while being convinced by this taxi driver to rent his car for a day instead of taking the public commute. It was expensive but convenient. I swear, with the heat at 10AM, I was so close to giving in. Good thing Paul agreed I could go with them up to Ayutthaya. Saved me tons. 

The local bus ride to Mo Chit 2 reminded me so much of my bus ride when I went to Sagada, Mountain province, in my country. It was an old, ordinary bus which accelerated while the passengers were still boarding. The metal railings were rusty, and the roof partly black, maybe from accumulated smoke. The seats were cushioned though and the conductor was a lady holding paper tickets and she had some paper money tucked in between her fingers. I think I asked her three times if the bus will stop at my destination (just to be sure) good thing she didn't lose patience. *whoops* I sat beside the window, "inhaling" the city, letting the wind brush against my face, and staring at random noodle characters as we moved. I paid 6.50baht for the 10 minute blissful ride.

A group of Thai drivers approached us at the entrance of one of the busiest bus stations in Bangkok, asking where are we going. I was skeptical to follow one man directly to the van because I was thinking he might charge us more than the standard ticket price which is only 60baht. So I asked the driver. He was wearing a blue uniform polo and an ID. He had tan skin, deep eyes and tried his best to talk to us in English. The people in Thailand look so much like my countrymen to be honest. Maybe it was also a reason why I felt at home the moment I arrived. I was relieved when he said it was only 60baht indeed. I boarded the mini bus (which is actually an air conditioned van) and took the 1st row at the back of the driver. Paul's parents sat happily at the back. Paul sat beside me and although he kept on looking at his phone for directions, I think he's finally relieved too. After the van has been filled up, we finally left for the Kingdom of Ayutthaya. 

Ayutthaya (full name Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thai: พระนครศรีอยุธยา) is the former capital of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province in Thailand. Located in the valley of the Chao Phraya River, the city was founded in 1351 by King Ramathibodi I, who went there to escape a smallpox outbreak in Lop Buri and proclaimed it the capital of his kingdom, often referred to as the Ayutthaya kingdom or Siam. Ayutthaya became the second Siamese capital after Sukhothai. It is one of the world's largest cities at that time, when it was sometimes known as the "Venice of the East".

In 1767, the city was destroyed by the Burmese army, resulting in the collapse of the kingdom. The ruins of the old city are preserved in the Ayutthaya historical park, which is recognised internationally as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The ruins, characterised by the prang (reliquary towers) and gigantic monasteries, give an idea of the city's past splendor.

And I am here to travel back in that time. 

I fell asleep (but not really) and when I opened my eyes, a Chedi greeted me in the middle of the city. I was imagining corn or rice fields, rivers, small houses and long winding roads but Ayutthaya isn't like that. They had malls, offices, schools, restaurants, hotels and cars filled up the roads just like what I've witnessed in Bangkok. The charming thing about it is that in between these modernities, lie history preserved by time and culture unshaken by intruders. I knew I was up for a treat when I've arrived at my hostel by a motorbike. 

Leaving my slippers outside, I entered Stockhome with a bright smile. Chill music was playing, vintage cabinets are around, books and figures piled in the corners, plants hanging, photo frames screaming "artsy" and the smell of coffee was very inviting. A boy at the front desk accommodated me and showed me my bed. He also gave me my own key. The sun outside was shining brightly and I was freakin tired but the breeze was cool enough to calm me and God, this house is quaintly beautiful.    

After drinking lots of water, and resting for a bit, I started planning my day out. 

Another tip when you travel solo is to keep your valuables few and handy. If you stay in a guest house, especially if you are in a dorm room, chances are you will be leaving your bag(s) behind when you go out without no one to look out for them. Lockers provided are just usually boxed types where you could leave small stuff but I don't know I do not like leaving things in there anyways. 

I brought my bandana, my small body bag, rented a bike and secured a map. It was akhgahldnadbgk hot to walk and too expensive to rent a tuktuk alone so biking was the best option. I have my own pace and sightseeing preference, although there was no one to take my candid photos. Haha. Kidding. 

Not too far, I've reached the first stretch of Ayutthaya's glory. 

There were people in groups but not too many to ruin my photo goals. The tourists were mindful of their behavior which is good and everyone followed the signs. I was biking along a brick road but I had to stop and stare at the temples, pagodas and monumental proportions around me. The sun was shining outrageously, it was blinding but wow. So majestic, spellbinding, and beautiful these ruins -- thought my jaw dropped to the ground. 

They did that???

The day is still young and I have the whole city at the palm of my hands!

I picked one park to pay for and explored the others by passing through the free bike lanes. I was provided my own chain and lock so I didn't have any problems leaving mine anywhere if I wanted to stop by some tracks. 

I've noticed that many of the tourists were Japanese. The tour guides spoke Nihongo. A group of girls low key talked about me and said that my Thai pants are kawaii and they thought I didn't understand that but I did. One girl noticed I looked at them and almost instinctively, we bowed to each other. 

I didn't take a lot of selfies because all I did was to take pictures of every structure I've walked by and photograph the sky and my feet or my bike. I was too preoccupied by the beauty before my eyes in spite of myself. I remember my history books and my childhood while I look at the tall prangs. Like a movie scene, for a minute, this now empty Kingdom came back to life in my head. But still, a lot of questions flooded my mind. How was it being a girl in this city back then? what did the boys loved doing in their free time? how did the people spend their days or cook their food? 

I could only wonder. 

After 2 hours and a half of looking, I left Wat Mahathat and pedaled again. It was almost sunset. As I went further down the road, I came across the Elephant park, where people paid to ride the Elephants wearing red and gold vests with small seating carts on top. They looked lovely from afar but I was opposed to riding them because my sensitive heart felt like crumbling at the sight of their dewey eyes while touring the people around. 

I was at my last temple stop for the day when I saw two familiar girls parking their bikes beside mine. I am sure I saw them at the unicorn cafe in Bangkok so I approached them. I thought they were established travel buddies from the start but turned out they only knew each other in Bangkok. One is from the Netherlands, and one is from Chile. So basically, we are three solo travel girls hoping to feed our wanderlusts. 

I asked them if I could go with them and they didn't hesitate even for a second to say yes. They even invited me to have dinner with them later in the night. Sareengka took beautiful photos of me on top of this beautiful chedi which is impossible in selfies. I was so grateful. Nicole gave me her number and said we could get in touch even after I come back home as they will continue to travel for the next two months. We said our good byes for the mean time and I called it a day. I couldn't wait to get back to my hostel, take a cold shower and change into some fresh, clean clothes. I sweated like crazy and my face still felt like burning from the heat. 

But before bringing back my bike to the shop, I stopped by a corner and held my heart. Isn't it amazing? to find the courage to roam the streets where they do not speak your language? to handle your own wheels and control your own brakes? to eat and drink alone without feeling lonely? to find people without even looking for them in the first place? to meet strangers in an unfamiliar city, to bond like long time friends and to develop this sense of accomplishment because you made it this far? isn't it wonderful to fill your brain with images of the ruins as the sun begins to set, making it look like the sky is touching the tip of the pagodas in illuminating shades of gold and brown? I thought about a lot of things. I let myself swim in emotions. It was one of my best winning moments. Today, I let life happen. This day wouldn't be nameless in the years to come. I will remember this forever.  

🎶 "The world isn't over yet. We've still got a chance to place our bets. We'll start over fresh, living a life with no regrets" -No Regrets (Magic!) 🎶

PS: vlog is coming!

[goldeagleprice]

Luzon note issues are sparse

By Neil Shafer

Note: This article is one of a continuing series of newer or better information relative to updating my 1974 publication, Philippine Emergency and Guerrilla Currency of World War II. A significant portion of the data presented here is based on reports from C.M. Nielsen, the premier researcher in this field. Much of his work may be found in the Philippines section of the Standard Catalog, Specialized Issues.

Luzon is the largest island of the whole Philippine archipelago and is the most northerly of the main islands. According to information supplied by C.M. Nielsen, there were a number of issues made for the several guerrilla units operating on Luzon. Most of the official information about these issues was reportedly captured and destroyed during the war and occupation by the Japanese.

As Manila is located on Luzon, it stands to reason that the island was heavily garrisoned, thus making it more difficult for any clandestine guerrilla groups to operate effectively. The result is a smaller number of organizations and a lot fewer note issues than one might expect from such a large part of the country.

Luzon Usaffe Guerrilla Army Forces 1942

Walter Cushing was a mining engineer and part owner of the Rainbow gold mining area in the northerly Luzon province of Abra. He was the first to develop a fighting guerrilla group, and his action on Jan. 1, 1942 initiated the anti-Japanese exploits of other guerrilla units. The commanding officer of a force of Philippine Scouts in Mountain Province, Col. John P. Horan, heard of Cushing’s actions and gave him a commission of major. Cushing was also given authority to organize guerrilla activity in Abra and both Ilocos provinces. After the fall of Bataan his unit was designated the 121st Infantry by Gen. Wainwright.

After having been severely wounded in a Japanese ambush, Cushing killed himself rather than fall into enemy hands. By then he had become a legend in northern Luzon.

Little official information is known concerning his currency issue. It is believed that the notes were printed by Saint Mary the Virgin Mission press in Sagada, Mountain Province. (Notes issued by Mountain Province were also made at the same place.) The total amount printed for Cushing is reportedly over 2.3 million pesos, but there is no way to verify this number.

LUZ-101-100. 100 Pesos Feb. 22, 1942. Black on pink paper. Face: Portrait of FDR at left. Eagle in V emblem of the Army Air Force with motto, “Keep ‘Em Flying” at right. Embossed seal with emblem at center, black serial number beneath. Text in nine lines across center citing official status of the issue. Printed signatures below of Captain W.H. Stephens at left, Major Walter M. Cushing at right. Back: Black print, value at center. Size, 163 x 67mm. VF: $75, AU: $125

LUZ-101-500. 500 Pesos Feb, 22, 1942. Total description as above. VF: $100, AU: $200

Note: Beware of counterfeits of both the above denominations.

Marking’s Guerrillas ND – South Central Luzon

This unit was formed by Marcos V. Agustin using the nom-de-guerre of Augustin V. Marking. He was given the authority to organize a guerrilla force in the area. From nothing at first, he began to build what eventually became one of the larger guerrilla organizations on Luzon. Ms. Yay Panlillo, formerly a reporter and U.S. Army Intelligence agent, joined his group in mid-1942.

A retired Army officer, Col. Hugh Straughn, was accepted as leader; he was trying to unify guerrilla units under an alliance he named Fil-American Irregular Forces. Straughn was captured on Aug. 5, 1943 and soon afterward executed. This event caused the breakup of his organization, whereupon Marking pursued an independent course, expanding into several provinces.

All official data on Marking’s currency issues was destroyed during the war. The only information on any of them comes from the written memory of Yay Panlillo in 1947. There appear to be certain inconsistencies in the precise information relative to differences between the respective issues, but these cannot be resolved at this point.

The first issue was printed by mimeograph in October 1942 under authority of Col. Straughn. He called for an issue of 10,000 pesos with a promise of personal redemption if necessary. Panlillo believes around 50,000 pesos was the actual total for this issue.

A second issue was prepared in summer of 1943; it was printed in blue, supposedly from engraved (?) plates. Hugh Straughn is mentioned on the notes, but as he was captured shortly afterward, some notes have his name x’d out by typewriter and that of Gen. W.W. Fertig typed in.

The third issue is said to be similar to the second, the only difference being the substitution of Fertig’s name instead of Straughn’s in the printing plates.

Panlillo estimated the total amount made for both second and third issues at 25,000 pesos. As large quantities of these notes were destroyed by the Japanese, all issues under the Marking name are now very rare in collectors’ hands. A small group of several third-issue 10 pesos notes was discovered in 1979. That same year noted Philippine researcher Aldo P. Basso published an illustration and information about the notes in a World Coin News article dated May 8.

Notes from a fourth issue are described as originally named Exchange Notes, given in exchange for cash contributions in Japanese military notes. Later they were called Liberty Bonds and sold for their face value in these military notes. The diagnostic feature is supposed to have been the handwritten denomination in corners, thus various values could exist. As Japanese military notes lost value consistently, Panlillo believes this fourth issue could have totaled not less than 1 million and possibly up to 3 million pesos.

All issued notes bore three thumbprints: Col. Marking, Col. Enrique Zulaybar and Yay Panlillo. Zulaybar was the assumed name of Lt. Col. Ruperto Batora, commanding officer of Marking’s II Corps. He was later killed by the Japanese.

First Issue (1942)

LUZ-201-5. 5 Pesos. Reliably reported but not confirmed.

LUZ-201-10. 10 Pesos ND (1942). Face: Mimeo print on white paper, no date or serial number. Text on upper and lower borders reads “South Central Luzon Guerrillas.” (There are two typographical errors in the word “Central,” both on left side: “Contral” at top, “Centran” at bottom.) Along left and right edge vertically, “WAR NOTE.” Hand signature of Marcos V. Agustin at left center. Back: Three thumbprints on an otherwise blank back. Size: 163 x 54mm.

Second Issue (1943)

Notes with phrase “Advised by Col. Hugh Straughn.” No examples of any denomination representing this issue have been found. The 1,000 pesos listed below could possibly have been originally from this Second Issue, even though it has a handwritten denomination.

Third Issue ND (1943)

LUZ-301-10. 10 Pesos ND. Plate print in light blue on off-white paper. Face: American flag at upper left corner, Philippine Commonwealth flag at upper right. Third line at upper center: “Advised by Gen. W. W. Fertig.” Value at left, advancing soldier with tank and bursting shells at center, serial number in red below. E PLURIBUS UNUM at lower center. At center right, WAR NOTE / PAYABLE /TO THE BEARER / BY THE / U.S.A. Back: At top, MORE VICTORIES AHEAD. Large V at center. Three signature blocks, one on V, the other two at left and right, respectively. Three thumbprints were to be shown as well. Names of Marcos V.Agustin, Commanding Officer; Enrique Zulaybar, Col. U.S.A. V-03305; Yay Panlillo, Intelligence Badge 67. Size: 155 x 68mm.

LUZ-301-1000. 1000 Pesos ND. Plate print in light blue on off-white paper. Face: Denomination placed in both upper corners and lower center by hand; ONE THOUSAND PESOS typed above handwritten value at lower center. Originally printed with the Hugh Straughn phrase in the plate but those words x’d out and the phrase with Gen. Fertig’s name typed in underneath. Palm tree and Mt. Mayon at left; American flag and Filipino insurgent flag at center left and right, respectively; hut and palm tree at right. WAR NOTE heading and “Payable…” text similar to the 10 pesos. E PLURIBUS UNUM at lower center border. Three light red serial numbers, each with an embossed seal. Back: Handwritten denomination at both upper corners, typed at lower center. Design, text, signature blocks and three thumbprints as the 10 pesos. Three hand signatures at their respective blocks. Size: 151 x 68mm.

Fourth Issue – Exchange Notes or Liberty Bonds (1944?)

Even though Panlillo describes a large issue she believed could have amounted to as much as 3 million pesos, not a single piece has surfaced that bears any text connecting it to this supposed emission of hand-denominated notes. The one item shown here was in Nielsen’s collection of Luzon items. Its value of 1,000 pesos is written by hand, it is a receipt for a donation and it bears a date of Aug. 3, 1944. It was issued by The Hunters or ROTC Guerrillas in the 4th Military District, Lion Sector. Size: 101 x 133mm. The Hunters-ROTC is an acknowledged guerrilla unit. Whether this form was used as part of the Fourth Issue Is not known.

PQOG – President Quezon’s Own Guerrillas – Emergency Certificate, II Corps- ND

This unit was one of the larger organizations in Central Luzon. Formed and commanded by Col. Vicente Umali, prewar mayor of a town in Tayabas. The II Corps was the Propaganda Section of the PQOG under Lt. Col. Benedicto Valenzona. Its members included journalists, artists and newspapermen who first published the underground newspaper Liberator in 1944 which was distributed in Manila under the very noses of the occupiers.

Any information about the PQOG notes was lost during the war. Only this single denomination is known.

LUZ-501-100. 100 Pesos ND. Face: Black mimeograph print on plain pink paper. PQOG and eagle with Philippine arms in red underprint at center, value at left and right. Guerrilla fighter barefoot with rifle, dressed in ragged trousers and sitting on a hill at center. Printed signature of Benedicto S. Valenzona, Comdg. Officer, at lower right. PQOG in circle at right. Back: Red. PQOG and eagle with Philippine arms at center. Value at left and right. Size: 161 x 71mm.

A 10 pesos JIM note was used to create a civilian pass into military areas on Luzon.

  This article was originally printed in Bank Note Reporter. >> Subscribe today.

   More Collecting Resources

• When it comes to specialized world paper money issues, nothing can top the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, Specialized Issues .

• The Standard Catalog of United States Paper Money is the only annual guide that provides complete coverage of U.S. currency with today’s market prices.

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