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sexguru69 · 2 years ago

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Books you need to read to have good sex

Janet W. Hardy and Dossie Easton's The Ethical Slut, Third Edition: A Practical Guide to Polyamory, Open Relationships, and Other Freedoms in Sex and Love "For me, this book was one of the most transformative. In the neighborhood where I was raised, having multiple sexual partners, partaking in kinky behavior, or engaging in relationships other than strict monogamy were all viewed as abnormal or even immoral. My entire perspective on what sex and relationships can be was completely altered by The Ethical Slut. It encouraged me to explore my sexuality and valued sex with consent and respect. My understanding of jealousy was altered by its explanation and understanding of the emotion. Anyone who feels outside the sexual norm (whatever that may be), who is curious (whether single or in a relationship), and/or who wants to change their perspective on sex and relationships should read this book." —Amy Boyajian, co-founder and CEO of Wild Flower, an online retailer of adult products and sexual wellness products. HD sex movies

Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jethá's Sex at Dawn: How We Mate, Why We Stray, and What It Means for Modern Relationships "This book had a big impact on my sexual self-discovery process. The authors identify and debunk the roots of many fervently held oppressive sexual stereotypes. They expose the ways in which heteronormativity, social norms, and personal bias have an impact on even scientists. The fact of the matter is that each of us must discover for ourselves what we believe about sex, gender, and love through experience! —MacKenzie Peck, publisher of the contemporary pornographic publication Math Magazine, which celebrates sex and sexuality

Laurie Mintz, PhD's Becoming Cliterate: Why Orgasm Equality Matters—And How to Get It "Everyone who owns a vulva, as well as their sexual partners, must read this. According to what we have been taught by the mainstream media, sex is defined as penis + vagina, and everything else is "foreplay," or the appetizers to the main course of penetrative sex. According to the author, there is a very real pleasure gap between men and women as a result of the way we have been thinking about sex all this time. What will it take to bridge this pleasure gap? The Cluti." —Michelle Shnaidman, CEO and founder of Bellesa, a female-run manufacturer of sex toys

Ian McEwan's novel On Chesil Beach On Chesil Beach is a beautiful illustration of how sexual shame can have a negative impact on your relationships, even though it isn't a traditional sex-ed book. The young newlyweds believe that having sex should be simple and natural, but it isn't. Although the story is set before the sexual revolution, I think many couples still struggle with the inability to have honest conversations about sex. —Brianna Rader, CEO and founder of the dating and sex coaching app Juicebox

The Pursuit of Pleasure, by Lionel Tiger "This book is my all-time favorite because it focuses on understanding the significance of pleasure and the reasons behind the fuss. Tiger discusses our evolutionary entitlements and our ideals for our pleasure legacy. Aside from sexual content, this book will encourage you to consider other options before choosing pain as your route to gratitude (and a far more rewarding one, at that). It's clever and moving in how it explains how admirably normal pleasure is. —Dominique Karetsos, a MysteryVibe resident expert

Kinkly, Tab, and O.school "I would like to see more books that discuss sex education. However, because anal sex has always been so taboo, I've discovered that blogs work best for information on anal sex and butt-play. Some of my favorite sex-forward blogs are O.school (which takes a more traditional approach but has a lot of video content), Kinkly (because it's not afraid to go there), and Tab (which is extremely visual). —Evan Goldstein, MD, CEO and founder of Bespoke Surgical, a medical facility with a focus on assisting patients with anal sex acts

Emily Nagoski, PhD's Come As You Are: The Surprising New Science That Will Transform Your Sex Life. "Come As You Are provides an excellent examination of sexuality for those who are more interested in empirical evidence than abstract theories. For women who need reassurance that they are perfectly complex and perfectly normal, this book is a great companion. A fulfilling sex life is something that women can create and maintain, and Dr. Emily Nagoski uses scientific research to show women all over the world that they are not defective. Everyone Is a Freak: Intimate Confessions About Sexuality, Gender, and Desire was written by Marissa LaRocca.

Paul Joannides and Daerick Gross's The Guide to Getting it On "The Guide to Getting it On is my go-to sex book recommendation. The reason it is in its ninth edition is that our knowledge of and research into human sexuality is constantly expanding and changing. When I was 17, I bought the third edition, and when I was 27, I bought the seventh. It is exhaustive (1200 pages long and resembles a phone book in appearance), honest, perceptive, and cleverly written in modern language with useful illustrations. Fighting the Crusade Against Sex: Being Sex-Positive in a Sex-Negative World, by sexologist and author Jill McDevitt, PhD

Jack Morin's book The Erotic Mind: Unlocking the Inner Sources of Passion and Fulfillment "In this book, the author reveals the logic that underlies the seemingly irrational desires that most people have. He offers his readers the Erotic Equation, which goes as follows: attraction plus difficulty equals excitement. In essence, this means that our erotic curiosity and passion are fueled by things we may consider taboo, sinful, or frightening. This book is for people who are curious about or embarrassed by what they or their partner(s) find seductive sexually. —Sari Cooper, the Center for Love and Sex's founder and a sex therapist

The Boston Women's Health Collective's essay "Our Bodies Ourselves" Our Bodies Ourselves, which offers anatomy lessons and encourages open discussion of sex, is a good choice for anyone. A literal bible.

Watch more on https://sextubearea.com/

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arcanisblog · 3 years ago

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Masterpost

Todos mis posts hasta el día de hoy, a medida que vaya añadiendo casos esta lista se actualizará.

En un un principio esta lista no tendrá ningún link, pero luego iré añadiendo los links a los diferentes posts.

Última actualización: 17/08/2024

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Asesinos en serie (Hombres)

Harold Shipman

Richard Ramírez

H. H. Holmes

Aleksandr Pichushkin

Ted Bundy

John Wayne Gacy

Dennies Rader

Dylann Roof

Christopher Duntsch

Carlos Robledo Puch

Gary Francis Poste (El asesino del Zodiaco)

Asesinos en serie (Mujeres)

Elizabeth Bathory

Aileen Wuornos

La Voisin

Giulia Tofana

Olga de Kiev

Wu Zetian

Dorothea Helen Gray

Asesinos en serie (No identificados)

Jack el destripador

Personas de interés

Candace Newmaker

Cameron Herrin

Hisai Ouchi

Kuang Zhinjun

Anton Szandor Lavey

Omayra Sanchez

Erin Caffey

Sara Stern

Emmanuela Orlandi

Terrie Hall

El chico del vestido rojo

Nevada-Tan

El barbero de Valencia

Grupos asesinos

Familia Manson

Murder Inc

Tiroteos en Centros educativos

Columbine

Sandy Hook

Virginia Tech

Stoneman Douglas

Frontier Middle School

Sectas Suicidas

Jonestown

Heaven's Gate

La iglesia del cordero de dios

Suicidios

Amanda Todd

Ryan Halligan

Tyler Clementi

Jokin Ceberio

Phoebe Prince

Meghan Meier

Brujeria

Las brujas de Zurragamurdi

Jucios por brujeria de Salem

Experimentos

Experimento Ruso del sueño

La carcel de Stanford

Pequeño Albert

Objetos

El completo manual del suicidio

Diamante Hope

Lugares

Aokigahara

Alcatraz

Disney Celebration

Tor

Otros

Vuelo 370 de Malaysia Airlines

Mayhem (Banda)

Expediente warren (Casos)

Familia Rothschild

Seppuku

Cicada 3301

Club de los 27

Iglesia de Satán

Metodos de tortura

Maldicion Kennedy

La cara de dios

John Titor

Crimen de alcasser

La Pascualita

Folklore español

Polybius

Parálisis del sueño

#masterpost #true crime community #truecrimecommunity #true crime blog #truecrimeaddict #tcc fandom

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moonlightmurder · 5 years ago

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Favorite True Crime Books – part 1

The Peyton-Allan Files by Phil Stanford : Two teenagers, making out one night in a car on the edge of town ― slaughtered by person or persons unknown. No physical evidence to speak of. No known motive. For all the Multnomah County Sheriff’s Office knows, there’s a psychotic killer roaming the hills west of town. Until they arrest someone for the murders of Larry Peyton and Beverly Allan, no one will rest easy. The Peyton-Allan Files is the story of the savage double-murder that changed life forever in the deceptively peaceful town of Portland, Oregon. A true-life murder mystery, guaranteed to keep you turning pages till the last guilty party has been brought to justice ― or maybe just framed. Because one way or another, this case has got to be solved.

House of Evil: The Indiana Torture Slaying by John Dean : In the heart of Indianapolis in the mid 1960’s, through a twist of fate and fortune, a pretty young girl came to live with a thirty-seven-year-old mother and her seven children. What began as a temporary childcare arrangement between Sylvia Likens’s parents and Gertrude Baniszewski turned into a crime that would haunt cops, prosecutors, and a community for decades to come…

When police found Sylvia’s emaciated body, with a chilling message carved into her flesh, they knew that she had suffered tremendously before her death. Soon they would learn how many others―including some of Baniszewski’s own children―participated in Sylvia’s murder, and just how much torture had been inflicted in one house of evil.

In Cold Blood by Truman Capote : On November 15, 1959, in the small town of Holcomb, Kansas, four members of the Clutter family were savagely murdered by blasts from a shotgun held a few inches from their faces. There was no apparent motive for the crime, and there were almost no clues.

As Truman Capote reconstructs the murder and the investigation that led to the capture, trial, and execution of the killers, he generates both mesmerizing suspense and astonishing empathy. In Cold Blood is a work that transcends its moment, yielding poignant insights into the nature of American violence.

Bind, Torture, Kill : The Inside Story of BTK by Roy Wenzl, Tim Potter, Hurst Lavigne and L. Kelly: For thirty-one years, a monster terrorized the residents of Wichita, Kansas. A bloodthirsty serial killer, self-named “BTK”—for “bind them, torture them, kill them”—he slaughtered men, women, and children alike, eluding the police for decades while bragging of his grisly exploits to the media. The nation was shocked when the fiend who was finally apprehended turned out to be Dennis Rader—a friendly neighbor … a devoted husband … a helpful Boy Scout dad … the respected president of his church.

Written by four award-winning crime reporters who covered the story for more than twenty years,Bind, Torture, Kill is the most intimate and complete account of the BTK nightmare told by the people who were there from the beginning. With newly released documents, evidence, and information—and with the full cooperation, for the very first time, of the Wichita Police Department’s BTK Task Force—the authors have put all the pieces of the grisly puzzle into place, thanks to their unparalleled access to the families of the killer and his victims.

The Road to Jonestown: Jim Jones and Peoples Temple by Jeff Guinn: In the 1950s, a young Indianapolis minister named Jim Jones preached a curious blend of the gospel and Marxism. His congregation was racially mixed, and he was a leader in the early civil rights movement. Eventually, Jones moved his church, Peoples Temple, to northern California, where he got involved in electoral politics and became a prominent Bay Area leader. But underneath the surface lurked a terrible darkness.

In this riveting narrative, Jeff Guinn examines Jones’s life, from his early days as an idealistic minister to a secret life of extramarital affairs, drug use, and fraudulent faith healing, before the fateful decision to move almost a thousand of his followers to a settlement in the jungles of Guyana in South America. Guinn provides stunning new details of the events leading to the fatal day in November, 1978 when more than nine hundred people died—including almost three hundred infants and children—after being ordered to swallow a cyanide-laced drink.

Guinn examined thousands of pages of FBI files on the case, including material released during the course of his research. He traveled to Jones’s Indiana hometown, where he spoke to people never previously interviewed, and uncovered fresh information from Jonestown survivors. He even visited the Jonestown site with the same pilot who flew there the day that Congressman Leo Ryan was murdered on Jones’s orders. The Road to Jonestown is “the most complete picture to date of this tragic saga, and of the man who engineered it…The result is a disturbing portrait of evil—and a compassionate memorial to those taken in by Jones’s malign charisma”

Nothing Is Strange with You: The Life and Crimes of Gordon Stewart Northcott by James Jeffrey Paul: A young man kidnaps his own nephew and makes him his servant and sex slave. He abducts young boys, has his way with them, and, if they know too much, kills them. He forces his nephew to participate in his crimes and to consign these little victims, sometimes still living, to their graves.

His father is afraid of his own son. His son mocks and abuses him, falsely accuses him of incest and child abuseand still he supports his son.

His mother loves her boy and will do anything to help himeven commit murder.

The Gordon Stewart Northcott casea part of which is fictionalized in the major new Clint Eastwood film CHANGELING, starring Angelina Jolieis still, eight decades later, one of the most nightmarish in American criminal annals. This booknearly two decades in the research and writingtells the whole story for the first time.

Fred & Rose: The Full Story of Fred and Rose West and the Gloucester House of Horrors by Howard Sounes: During their long relationship, the Wests murdered a series of young women, burying the remains of nine victims under their home at 25 Cromwell Street, Gloucester, including those of their daughter. What was left of Fred West’s eight-year-old stepdaughter was dug up from under the Wests’ previous Gloucester home; his first wife and nanny were buried in open country. Most victims had been decapitated and dismembered, their remains showing signs of sexual torture. These twelve are just the ones police found when the Wests were arrested in 1994. There may be more whose bones have not been located . . .

Howard Sounes broke the first major story about the Wests as a journalist, and covered the murder trial of Rosemary West, before writing Fred & Rose, the definitive account of this infamous case. Beginning with Fred’s and Rose’s bizarre childhoods, Sounes charts their lives and crimes in forensic detail, creating a fascinating and truly frightening account of a marriage soaked in blood.

The Blood of Emmett Till by Timothy B. Tyson: In 1955, white men in the Mississippi Delta lynched a fourteen-year-old from Chicago named Emmett Till. His murder was part of a wave of white terrorism in the wake of the 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared public school segregation unconstitutional. Only weeks later, Rosa Parks thought about young Emmett as she refused to move to the back of a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Five years later, Black students who called themselves “the Emmett Till generation” launched sit-in campaigns that turned the struggle for civil rights into a mass movement. Till’s lynching became the most notorious hate crime in American history.

But what actually happened to Emmett Till—not the icon of injustice, but the flesh-and-blood boy? Part detective story, part political history, The Blood of Emmett Till “unfolds like a movie” (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution), drawing on a wealth of new evidence, including a shocking admission of Till’s innocence from the woman in whose name he was killed. “Jolting and powerful” (The Washington Post), the book “provides fresh insight into the way race has informed and deformed our democratic institutions” (Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Carry Me Home) and “calls us to the cause of justice today” (Rev. Dr. William J. Barber, II, president of the North Carolina NAACP).

In Broad Daylight by Harry N. MacLean: Ken Rex McElroy terrorized the residents of several counties in northwestern Missouri for a score of years. He raped young girls and brutalized them after they went to live with him or even married him; he shot at least two men; he stole cattle and hogs, and burned down the houses of some who interfered with his criminal activities. Thanks to the expert efforts of his lawyer and the pro-defendant bias of state laws, he served no more than a few days in jail, the author shows. In 1981, sentenced for the shooting of a popular grocer and free on bail, he was killed by the men of Skidmore, the center of his felonies; they closed ranks against all attempts to identify those who had pulled the triggers. Written by a first-time author, this is an engrossing, credible examination of the way vigilante action can take over when the law appears to be powerless. BOMC and QPBC alternates.

Killer Clown by Terry Sullivan: He was a model citizen. A hospital volunteer. And one of the most sadistic serial killers of all time. But few people could see the cruel monster beneath the colorful clown makeup that John Gacy wore to entertain children in his Chicago suburb. Few could imagine what lay buried beneath his house of horrors–until a teenaged boy disappeared before Christmas in 1978, leading prosecutor Terry Sullivan on the greatest manhunt of his career.

Reconstructing the investigation–from records of violence in Gacy’s past, to the gruesome discovery of 29 corpses of abused boys in Gacy’s crawlspace and four others found in the nearby river–Sullivan’s shocking eyewitness account takes you where few true crime books ever go: inside the heart of a serial murder investigation and trial.

Inside Alcatraz: My Time on the Rock by Jim Quillen: Jim Quillen, AZ586 – a runaway, problem child and petty thief – was jailed several times before his twentieth birthday. In August 1942, after escaping from San Quentin, he was arrested on the run and sentenced to forty-five years in prison, and later transferred to Alcatraz.

This is the true story of life inside America’s most notorious prison – from terrifying times in solitary confinement to daily encounters with ‘the Birdman’, and what really happened during the desperate and deadly 1946 escape attempt.

Go Down Together: The True, Untold Story of Bonnie and Clyde by Jeff Guinn: Forget everything you think you know about Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. Previous books and films, including the brilliant 1967 movie starring Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway, have emphasized the supposed glamour of America’s most notorious criminal couple, thus contributing to ongoing mythology. The real story is completely different — and far more fascinating.

#true crime #tcoriginal #true crime research #true crime books #my posts

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aion-rsa · 4 years ago

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The Little Things Reminds Us Why We’re Drawn to Charismatic Serial Killers

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This The Little Things analysis contains spoilers. Read our spoiler-free review here.

The Little Things can be seen as a tainted police procedural with its murky ambiguity and troubling ending. But it’s also the story of a man for whom the allure of a charismatic serial killer goes too far. After all, serial killers make up less than one percent of homicides but they average a double-digit percentage of Hollywood crime films, and probably a majority of prison fan mail. What is it about these one-percenters we love so much?

Directed by John Lee Hancock, the supposed sociopath in The Little Things is Albert Sparma, a drifter who works as a repairman. Jared Leto is certainly magnetic in the part, serving Sparma up with a now-stereotypical “charismatic serial killer” vibe. But the Oscar-winning actor also brings an ambiguous energy to the part, suggesting he may merely be a serial killer groupie.

Albert Sparma is a self-identifying true crime afficionado and has taken his fanboy fancy so far as to actually confess to a murder he didn’t commit. That could be seen as some dangerous roleplay or surveying a battle ground for future maneuvers.

Sparma is perfectly thrilled when he’s pulled into the interrogation room to face off against Det. Jimmy Baxter (Rami Malek). He luxuriates in the tension, and loves the décor. He stands in vast contrast to Stan Peters (Frederick Koehler), quite possibly the actual murderer, who’d earlier responded to the room with an almost claustrophobic paranoid mania.

But Peters is not the charismatic type. Leto’s Albert, meanwhile, has a bad boy quality which is just irresistible. At least it is to Denzel Washington’s measured portrayal of Kern County Deputy Sheriff Joe “Deke” Deacon, who sees the makings of a young Ted Bundy in the suspect. Recall that in Joe Berlinger’s bloodless feature film, Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile, Zac Efron plays Bundy with an abundance of charm. The film came out amid a glut of documentaries about one of the most well-known serial killers from the late 20th century, and Twitter exploded with posts about how attractive Bundy was.

Albert Sparma could have been his biggest fan.

Leto doesn’t bring the clean-cut, all-American hunk to his serial killer. He’s the rebel. His hair hangs so long, he has to move it out the way when he cooks. Sparma goes to strip clubs before cruising the strip. He wins a drag race with Deke while still in park. He plays so many mind games with Baxter his head explodes.

Dennis Lynn Rader, aka the BTK Killer, taunted the police by sending letters describing the details of his crimes. That’s an old trick though, going all the way back to Jack the Ripper, who also wrote to Scotland Yard about his alleyway antics. Son of Sam, the Lipstick Killer, the Golden State Killer, even the Axeman of New Orleans dropped personal notes on current events to the authorities. The Zodiac Killer wrote his in code.

They also sent letters to the newspapers. Sparma collects clippings and is up on all the true crime literature. Some people are attracted to serial killers out of a necessity to understand their acts. It is outside their reality, and it is even a coping mechanism. News reports explain how, but they don’t explain why such unimaginable crimes can be committed. They want to know how someone can go so dark. If Sparma is truly just a “confessor,” as even Det. Baxter finally accepts, that confession shows one aspect of the depths of his kind of obsession.

Some serial killer followers might be drawn out of the curiosity of how it feels to take a human life.

The body count in The Little Things is only four when Deke first double parks at the station. It grows as the case draws attention. Real-life serial killers like Jeffrey Dahmer became celebrity monsters because of the attention they got from law enforcement and the media, and a collective curiosity for the macabre makes them larger than life. John Wayne Gacy committed his atrocities in a Pogo the Clown suit. And Sparma’s repairman overalls are a little baggy.

While Bundy was on trial, representing himself, he proposed to a woman, who not only accepted but married the convicted murderer, and conceived a daughter with him. Even in prison, Bundy received marriage proposals and love letters, as did Dahmer, Richard Ramirez, Chris Watts, and Charles Manson. Some may be drawn to the serial killer hoping to spark some transformation in an irredeemable beast; others might be prone to Hybristophilia, otherwise known as “Bonnie and Clyde Syndrome;” and some are just drawn toward the bright light of fame in any shade.

In Oliver Stone’s Natural Born Killers, Woody Harrelson’s Mickey Knox is a mass murderer, not a serial killer, by strict definition. Nonetheless, when he and his wife Mallory (Juliette Lewis) are walked up the stone steps to the courthouse, they are surrounded by adoring fans waving signs like “Kill Me Mickey.” Stone was making pointed social commentary in a fictional film, but his scenario was all too real.

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The Little Things is not based on a true story. It goes back to a screenplay Hancock wrote in 1993, which was too dark for Steven Spielberg. For inspiration, Hancock had to look no further than California serial killers in the 1980s like the Grim Sleeper and Randy Kraft.

Written before the glut of serial killer movies took hold in the 1990s, The Little Things is similar to Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho (1960) and the then-recent Jonathan Demme’s The Silence of the Lambs (1991) in that they are psychological thrillers, as opposed to the proto-slasher Leatherface in Tobe Hooper’s The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974). Yet all three of those films, from Norman Bates to Hannibal Lecter, were inspired by Ed Gein, who confessed to killing two people as well as digging up corpses from local cemeteries in the 1950s. Gein became internationally famous after being profiled in the book Psycho by Robert Bloch.

It’s no wonder an anonymous drifter might find comfortable skin to wear while traversing a sad, sick world. Sparma certainly walked the walk, and was up on his psychopathic patter.

“They are so friendly and so kind and very solicitous at the beginning of our work together,” forensic psychiatrist Helen Morrison wrote in her 2004 book My Life Among the Serial Killers. “They’re charming, almost unbelievably so, charismatic like a Cary Grant or a George Clooney.”

Sparma does everything short of asking Baxter for an autograph during their first meeting. Serial killer fans have been known to spend hundreds of dollars for a lock of a murderer’s hair. John Schwenk, a true crime afficionado from Pennsburg, Pennsylvania, has gotten follicles, false teeth, and even dental floss from serial killers on death row. He is a collector of murderabilia, and his portfolio includes a sketch of a skull by Richard “The Night Stalker” Ramirez and a portrait by John Wayne “The Killer Clown” Gacy.

A Texas senator named John Cornyn began pushing a bill to ban the sale of crime-related materials in 2007. It must have sounded like a good idea to the federal government. They pulled in $232,246 auctioning off the Unabomber’s belongings in 2011. Rodney Alcala, who was sentenced to death in California for five murders, put himself up for a romantic racket bid on a September 1978 installment of The Dating Game.

The Little Things reaches a satisfyingly ambiguous conclusion. The best evidence in the case is a boxful of newspaper clippings. Are they forensically clean trophies of past dark victories, or are they a scrapbook from one of the biggest true crime fanatics on the planet?

Charismatic serial killers are a movie stereotype now. Leto helps twist this trope by letting his character buy so completely into it we don’t know if he’s become one or is merely a victim.

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The post The Little Things Reminds Us Why We’re Drawn to Charismatic Serial Killers appeared first on Den of Geek.

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maaarine · 5 years ago

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MBTI Typing Index: Names Q-T

Name starts with: A B, C D, E F, G H, I J K L, M N O P, Q R S T, U V W X Y Z.

Christian QUESADA (ESTJ)

Sara QUIN (ENTP)

Tegan QUIN (ENTP)

Zoë QUINN (INFP)

Daniel RADCLIFFE (ENFP)

Dennis RADER (ISTJ)

Charlotte RAMPLING (INFJ)

Gordon RAMSAY (ESTJ)

Giuliana RANCIC (ESFJ)

Ayn RAND (ISTJ)

Megan RAPINOE (ESTP)

Naval RAVIKANT (INTJ)

Jeremy RENNER (ISTP)

Raphaëlle RICCI (INTJ)

Damien RICE (INFP)

Tim RICE-OXLEY (INFJ)

Keith RICHARDS (ESTP)

Jon RICHARDSON (INTJ)

Alan RICKMAN (INTJ)

Tom RIDGEWELL (ENTP)

Ransom RIGGS (INFP)

Rihanna / Robyn FENTY (ESTP)

Guy RITCHIE (ENTJ)

Joan RIVERS (ESFP)

Robert REDFORD (INFJ)

Vanessa REDGRAVE (INFJ)

Eddie REDMAYNE (INFP)

Norman REEDUS (ISFP)

Keanu REEVES (ISFP)

Ryan REYNOLDS (ENTP)

Trent REZNOR (INFP)

Shonda RHIMES (ENFJ)

Mel ROBBINS (ENTJ)

Michel ROCARD (ENTJ)

Dennis RODMAN (ESTP)

Olivia RODRIGO (ESFJ)

Michelle RODRIGUEZ (ESTP)

Joe ROGAN (ESTP)

Seth ROGEN (ENTP)

Fred ROGERS (INFP)

Maggie ROGERS (INFP)

Cristiano RONALDO (ESTP)

Mark RONSON (ISFP)

Sally ROONEY (INFJ)

Arden ROSE (ENFP)

Tracee Ellis ROSS (ENFP)

Eric ROTH (INFJ)

Philip ROTH (ENTP)

Kristen ROUPENIAN (ENFP)

Mickey ROURKE (ESTP)

Joanne K. ROWLING (INFJ)

Arundhati ROY (INFJ)

Mark RUFFALO (ISFP)

RuPaul / RuPaul CHARLES (ENFP)

Bertrand RUSSELL (ENTP)

Winona RYDER (INFP)

Mark RYLANCE (INFP)

Anna SACCONE JOLY (ISFJ)

Jonathan SACCONE JOLY (ESFP)

Oliver SACKS (INFP)

Sade / Sade ADU (ISFP)

Claire SAFFITZ (ENFJ)

Sebastião SALGADO (INFJ)

Jonas SALK (INTJ)

Sheryl SANDBERG (ENFJ)

Thomas SANDERS (ENFP)

Adam SANDLER (ESTP)

Susan SARANDON (ENFP)

Michel SARDOU (ESTJ)

Anita SARKEESIAN (ENFJ)

Nicolas SARKOZY (ESTJ)

Jean-Paul SARTRE (INTP)

Marjane SATRAPI (ENFP)

Reshma SAUJANI (ENFJ)

Adam SAVAGE (ENTP)

Antonin SCALIA (ESTJ)

Matthias SCHOENAERTS (ISTP)

Amy SCHUMER (ENFP)

Arnold SCHWARZENEGGER (ENTJ)

Andrew SCOTT (INFP)

Ridley SCOTT (ENTJ)

Roy SCRANTON (INTJ)

Roger SCRUTON (INTJ)

John SEARLE (ENTP)

Amy SEDARIS (ENFP)

David SEDARIS (INTP)

Jerry SEINFELD (ENTJ)

Jason SEGEL (ENFP)

Léa SEYDOUX (ISFP)

Elif SHAFAK (INFP)

Faiza SHAHEEN (ENFJ)

Yara SHAHIDI (ENFJ)

Shakira / Shakira RIPOLL (ESFJ)

Tupac SHAKUR (ENFP)

Michael SHANNON (ISTP)

Ben SHAPIRO (ESTJ)

Maria SHARAPOVA (ENTJ)

Robert SHEEHAN (ENFP)

Michael SHEEN (ENFP)

Judith SHEINDLIN (ESTJ)

Dax SHEPARD (ENTP)

Amy SHERMAN-PALLADINO (ENFP)

Kiernan SHIPKA (ESFJ)

David SHRIGLEY (INTP)

SIA / Sia FURLER (ENFP)

Daniel SIEGEL (INFJ)

Jason SILVA (ENFP)

Nate SILVER (INTP)

Sarah SILVERMAN (ENFP)

David SIMON (INFJ)

Paul SIMON (INFP)

Nina SIMONE (INFP)

O.J. SIMPSON (ESTP)

Lily SINGH (ENFP)

Tarsem SINGH (ENFP)

Troye SIVAN (ISFP)

Jojo SIWA (ESFP)

Jenny SLATE (ENFP)

Leïla SLIMANI (INFJ)

Jorja SMITH (ISFP)

Kiki SMITH (INFP)

Patti SMITH (INFP)

Sam SMITH (ESFP)

Will SMITH (ESFP)

Zadie SMITH (INFJ)

Edward SNOWDEN (INTJ)

Timothy SNYDER (INTJ)

Zack SNYDER (ESFP)

Salvador SOBRAL (INFP)

Steven SODERBERGH (ENTJ)

Soko / Stéphanie SOKOLINSKI (ENFP)

Solange / Solange KNOWLES (ISFP)

Rebecca SOLNIT (INFP)

Julien SOLOMITA (ESTP)

Stephen SONDHEIM (INTJ)

Susan SONTAG (INTJ)

Aaron SORKIN (INTP)

Sonia SOTOMAYOR (ENTJ)

Gareth SOUTHGATE (ISTJ)

Kevin SPACEY (ENTJ)

James SPADER (INTP)

Britney SPEARS (ISFJ)

Regina SPEKTOR (INFP)

Tori SPELLING (ISFJ)

Diana SPENCER (ISFP)

Steven SPIELBERG (INFP)

Baruch SPINOZA (INTP)

Bruce SPRINGSTEEN (ISFP)

Cole SPROUSE (ENTP)

St. Vincent / Annie CLARK (INFJ)

Lakeith STANFIELD (ISTP)

Joey STARR (ESTP)

Gwen STEFANI (ESFP)

Gloria STEINEM (ENTJ)

Amandla STENBERG (INFP)

Dan STEVENS (ENFJ)

Michael STEVENS (ENTP)

Sufjan STEVENS (INFJ)

Jon STEWART (ENTP)

Kristen STEWART (ISTP)

Martha STEWART (ENFJ)

Rory STEWART (INTJ)

Michael STIPE (INFP)

Emma STONE (ENFP)

Stormzy / Michael OMARI (ESFP)

Meryl STREEP (ENFJ)

Donna STRICKLAND (ENTJ)

Jeremy STRONG (INFP)

Bjarne STROUSTRUP (INTP)

Michael STUHLBARG (INFP)

Nicola STURGEON (ENTJ)

Tom STURRIDGE (INFP)

Harry STYLES (ESFP)

Zoe SUGG (ESFJ)

Taylor SWIFT (ESFJ)

Tilda SWINTON (INTP)

Kara SWISHER (ENTJ)

Omar SY (ESFP)

Oli SYKES (ISFP)

Wanda SYKES (ESFP)

Amber TAMBLYN (ENFP)

Tamino / Tamino FOUAD (ISFP)

Terence TAO (INTP)

Quentin TARANTINO (ENTP)

Donna TARTT (INFJ)

Elizabeth TAYLOR (ESFP)

Aaron TAYLOR-JOHNSON (ISFP)

Sam TAYLOR-JOHNSON (ISFP)

Tekashi69 / 6ix9ine / Daniel HERNANDEZ (ESTP)

Miles TELLER (ESTP)

David TENNANT (ENFP)

Nikola TESLA (INTP)

Virgil TEXAS (INTP)

Michelle THALLER (ENTP)

Margaret THATCHER (ESTJ)

The Weeknd / Abel TESFAYE (ISFP)

Charlize THERON (ENTJ)

Louis THEROUX (ENTP)

Peter THIEL (INTP)

Clarence THOMAS (ESTJ)

Kristin Scott THOMAS (ENTJ)

Emma THOMPSON (ENTP)

Maura TIERNEY (ISTP)

Meg TILLY (INFP)

Krista TIPPETT (INFJ)

Lily TOMLIN (ENTP)

Louis TOMLINSON (ENFP)

Giulio TONONI (INTJ)

Meghan TRAINOR (ESFP)

Joachim TRIER (ENFJ)

Donald TRUMP (ESTP)

Ivanka TRUMP (ISFJ)

Alan TUDYK (ENTP)

Cenzo TUIHANI (ISFP)

Alex TURNER (INTP)

Sophie TURNER (ESFP)

Tina TURNER (ESFP)

Jeff TWEEDY (INFP)

Liv TYLER (ISFP)

Name starts with: A B, C D, E F, G H, I J K L, M N O P, Q R S T, U V W X Y Z.

#mbtiindex

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parlamendt-blog · 6 years ago

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sexandeducations · 2 years ago

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Books for better sex

Open Relationships, and Other Freedoms in Sex and Love "For me, this book was one of the most transformative. In the neighborhood where I was raised, having multiple sexual partners, partaking in kinky behavior, or engaging in relationships other than strict monogamy were all viewed as abnormal or even immoral. My entire perspective on what sex and relationships can be was completely altered by The Ethical Slut. It encouraged me to explore my sexuality and valued sex with consent and respect. My understanding of jealousy was altered by its explanation and understanding of the emotion. Anyone who feels outside the sexual norm (whatever that may be), who is curious (whether single or in a relationship), and/or who wants to change their perspective on sex and relationships should read this book." —Amy Boyajian, co-founder and CEO of Wild Flower, an online retailer of adult products and sexual wellness products. HD sex movies

Watch more on https://sextubearea.com/

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fyeahgopackgo · 6 years ago

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Packers 53 man roster

QB (3): 12 Aaron Rodgers, 9 DeShone Kizer, 8 Tim Boyle

RB (2): 30 Jamaal Williams, 88 Ty Montgomery

Released: 22 Aaron Ripkowski, 40 Joe Kerridge, 46 LeShun Daniels, 34 Joel Bouagnon, 36 Bronson Hill

Reserve/suspended: 33 Aaron Jones

Injured reserve: 32 Devante Mays

WR (8): 17 Davante Adams, 18 Randall Cobb, 81 Geronimo Allison, 11 Trevor Davis, 82 J’Mon Moore, 83 Marquez Valdes-Scantling, 19 Equanimeous St. Brown, 16 Jake Kumerow

Released: 10 DeAngelo Yancey, 13 Adonis Jennings, 1 Kyle Lewis

TE (4): 80 Jimmy Graham, 84 Lance Kendricks, 89 Marcedes Lewis, 85 Robert Tonyan

Released: 86 Emanuel Byrd, 49 Kevin Rader, 48 Ryan Smith

OL (9): 69 David Bakhtiari, 75 Bryan Bulaga, 65 Lane Taylor, 63 Corey Linsley, 64 Justin McCray, 74 Byron Bell, 78 Jason Spriggs, 62 Lucas Patrick, 70 Alex Light

Released: 55 Dillon Day, 77 Adam Pankey, 79 Kofi Amichia, 60 Austin Davis

Injured reserve: 68 Kyle Murphy

DL (5): 76 Mike Daniels, 96 Muhammad Wilkerson, 97 Kenny Clark, 94 Dean Lowry, 90 Montravius Adams

Released: 99 James Looney, 73 Joey Mbu, 95 Tyler Lancaster, 67 Conor Sheehy

LB (8): 52 Clay Matthews, 53 Nick Perry, 50 Blake Martinez, 42 Oren Burks, 93 Reggie Gilbert, 51 Kyler Fackrell, 48 Antonio Morrison, 54 James Crawford

Released: 45 Vince Biegel, 91 Kendall Donnerson, 98 Chris Odom, 58 Greer Martini, 56 Ahmad Thomas, 49 James Hearns, 46 Naashon Hughes, 59 Marcus Porter

CB (6): 38 Tramon Williams, 20 Kevin King, 31 Davon House, 23 Jaire Alexander, 37 Josh Jackson, 26 Herb Waters

Released: 39 Demetri Goodson, 28 Josh Hawkins, 44 Donatello Brown

Injured reserve: 24 Quinten Rollins

S (5): 21 Ha Ha Clinton-Dix, 29 Kentrell Brice, 27 Josh Jones, 35 Jermaine Whitehead, 36 Raven Greene

Released: 25 Marwin Evans

Spec (3): 2 Mason Crosby, 6 JK Scott, 43 Hunter Bradley

Released: 57 Zach Triner

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xtruss · 3 years ago

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EYE ON THE NEWS

Do MASKS WORK?

— A review of the evidence | Jeffrey H. Anderson | August 11, 2021

— CityJournal.Org | Covid-19Health CarePolitics and law

“Seriously people—STOP BUYING MASKS!” So tweeted then–surgeon general Jerome Adams on February 29, 2020, adding, “They are NOT effective in preventing general public from catching #Coronavirus.” Two days later, Adams said, “Folks who don’t know how to wear them properly tend to touch their faces a lot and actually can increase the spread of coronavirus.” Less than a week earlier, on February 25, public-health authorities in the United Kingdom had published guidance that masks were unnecessary even for those providing community or residential care: “During normal day-to-day activities facemasks do not provide protection from respiratory viruses, such as COVID-19 and do not need to be worn by staff.” About a month later, on March 30, World Health Organization (WHO) Health Emergencies Program executive director Mike Ryan said that “there is no specific evidence to suggest that the wearing of masks by the mass population has any particular benefit.” He added, “In fact there’s some evidence to suggest the opposite” because of the possibility of not “wearing a mask properly or fitting it properly” and of “taking it off and all the other risks that are otherwise associated with that.”

Surgical masks were designed to keep medical personnel from inadvertently infecting patients’ wounds, not to prevent the spread of viruses. Public-health officials’ advice in the early days of Covid-19 was consistent with that understanding. Then, on April 3, 2020, Adams announced that the CDC was changing its guidance and that the general public should hereafter wear masks whenever sufficient social distancing could not be maintained.

Fast-forward 15 months. Rand Paul has been suspended from YouTube for a week for saying, “Most of the masks you get over the counter don’t work.” Many cities across the country, following new CDC guidance handed down amid a spike in cases nationally caused by the Delta variant, are once again mandating indoor mask-wearing for everyone, regardless of inoculation status. The CDC further recommends that all schoolchildren and teachers, even those who have had Covid-19 or have been vaccinated, should wear masks.

The CDC asserts this even though its own statistics show that Covid-19 is not much of a threat to schoolchildren. Its numbers show that more people under the age of 18 died of influenza during the 2018–19 flu season—a season of “moderate severity” that lasted eight months—than have died of Covid-19 across more than 18 months. What’s more, the CDC says that out of every 1,738 Covid-19-related deaths in the U.S. in 2020 and 2021, just one has involved someone under 18 years of age; and out of every 150 deaths of someone under 18 years of age, just one has been Covid-related. Yet the CDC declares that schoolchildren, who learn in part from communication conveyed through facial expressions, should nevertheless hide their faces—and so should their teachers.

How did mask guidance change so profoundly? Did the medical research on the effectiveness of masks change—and in a remarkably short period of time—or just the guidance on wearing them?

Since we are constantly told that the CDC and other public-health entities are basing their recommendations on science, it’s crucial to know what, specifically, has been found in various medical studies. Significant choices about how our republic should function cannot be made on the basis of science alone—they require judgment and the weighing of countless considerations—but they must be informed by knowledge of it.

In truth, the CDC’s, U.K.’s, and WHO’s earlier guidance was much more consistent with the best medical research on masks’ effectiveness in preventing the spread of viruses. That research suggests that Americans’ many months of mask-wearing has likely provided little to no health benefit and might even have been counterproductive in preventing the spread of the novel coronavirus.

It’s striking how much the CDC, in marshalling evidence to justify its revised mask guidance, studiously avoids mentioning randomized controlled trials. RCTs are uniformly regarded as the gold standard in medical research, yet the CDC basically ignores them apart from disparaging certain ones that particularly contradict the agency’s position. In a “Science Brief” highlighting studies that “demonstrate that mask wearing reduces new infections” and serving as the main public justification for its mask guidance, the CDC provides a helpful matrix of 15 studies—none RCTs. The CDC instead focuses strictly on observational studies completed after Covid-19 began. In general, observational studies are not only of lower quality than RCTs but also are more likely to be politicized, as they can inject the researcher’s judgment more prominently into the inquiry and lend themselves, far more than RCTs, to finding what one wants to find.

A particular favorite of the CDC’s, so much so that the agency put out a glowing press release on it and continues to give it pride of placement in its brief, is an observational (specifically, cohort) study focused on two Covid-positive hairstylists at a beauty salon in Missouri. The two stylists, who were masked, provided services for 139 people, who were mostly masked, for several days after developing Covid-19 symptoms. The 67 customers who subsequently chose to get tested for the coronavirus tested negative, and none of the 72 others reported symptoms.

This study has major limitations. For starters, any number of the 72 untested customers could have had Covid-19 but been asymptomatic, or else had symptoms that they chose not to report to the Greene County Health Department, the entity doing the asking. The apparent lack of spread of Covid-19 could have been a result of good ventilation, good hand hygiene, minimal coughing by the stylists, or the fact that stylists generally, as the researchers note, “cut hair while clients are facing away from them.” The researchers also observe that “viral shedding” of the coronavirus “is at its highest during the 2 to 3 days before symptom onset.” Yet no customers who saw the stylists when they were at their most contagious were tested for Covid-19 or asked about symptoms. Most importantly, this study does not have a control group. Nobody has any idea how many people, if any, would have been infected had no masks been worn in the salon. Late last year, at a gym in Virginia in which people apparently did not wear masks most of the time, a trainer tested positive for the coronavirus. As CNN reported, the gym contacted everyone whom the trainer had coached before getting sick—50 members in all—“but not one member developed symptoms.” Clearly, this doesn’t prove that not wearing masks prevents transmission.

Another CDC-highlighted study, by Rader et al., invited people across the country to answer a survey. The low (11 percent) response rate—including about twice as many women as men—indicated that the mix of respondents was hardly random. The study found that “a high percentage of self-reported face mask-wearing is associated with a higher probability of transmission control,” and “the highest percentage of reported mask wearers” are found, unsurprisingly, “along the coasts and southern border, and in large urban areas.” However, as the researchers note, “It is difficult to disentangle individuals’ engagement in mask-wearing from their adoption of other preventive hygiene practices, and mask-wearing might serve as a proxy for other risk avoidance behaviors not queried.” Moreover, achieving greater “transmission control” is not remotely the same thing as ensuring fewer deaths. For example, per capita, Utah is in the top ten in the nation in Covid-19 cases and the bottom ten in Covid-19 deaths, while Massachusetts is in the bottom half in cases and the top five in deaths.

An additional observational study, but one that the CDC does not reference in its brief, is a large, international Bayesian study by Leech, et al. It finds that mask-wearing by 100 percent of the population “corresponds to” a 24.6 percent reduction in transmission of the novel coronavirus. Mask mandates correspond to no decrease in transmission: “For mandates we see no reduction: 0.0 percent.” Like all observational studies, however, this study is ill-equipped to show causation, to separate out the effects of just one variable from among other, frequently related, ones.

Mask supporters often claim that we have no choice but to rely on observational studies instead of RCTs, because RCTs cannot tell us whether masks work or not. But what they really mean is that they don’t like what the RCTs show.

The randomized controlled trial dates, in a sense, to 1747, when Royal Navy surgeon James Lind divided seamen suffering from similar cases of scurvy into six pairs and tried different methods of treatment on each. Lind writes, “The consequence was, that the most sudden and visible good effects were perceived from the use of oranges and lemons.”

The RCT eventually became firmly established as the most reliable way to test medical interventions. The following passage, from Abdelhamid Attia, an M.D. and professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Cairo University in Egypt, conveys its dominance:

The importance of RCTs for clinical practice can be illustrated by its impact on the shift of practice in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). For decades HRT was considered the standard care for all postmenopausal, symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Evidence for the effectiveness of HRT relied always on observational studies[,] mostly cohort studies. But a single RCT that was published in 2002 . . . has changed clinical practice all over the world from the liberal use of HRT to the conservative use in selected symptomatic cases and for the shortest period of time. In other words, one well conducted RCT has changed the practice that relied on tens, and probably hundreds, of observational studies for decades.

A randomized controlled trial divides participants into different groups on a randomized basis. At least one group receives an “intervention,” or treatment, that is generally tested against a control group not receiving the intervention. The twofold strength of an RCT is that it allows researchers to isolate one variable—to test whether a given intervention causes an intended effect—while at the same time making it very hard for researchers to produce their own preferred outcomes.

This is true at least so long as an RCT’s findings are based on “intention-to-treat” analysis, whereby all participants are kept in the treatment group to which they were originally assigned and none are excluded from the analysis, regardless of whether they actually received the intended treatment. Eric McCoy, an M.D. at the University of California, Irvine, explains that intention-to-treat analysis avoids bias and “preserves the benefits of randomization, which cannot be assumed when using other methods of analysis.”

Such other methods of analysis include subgroup, multivariable, and per-protocol analysis. Subgroup analysis is susceptible to “cherry-picking”—as researchers hunt for anything showing statistical significance—or to being swayed by random chance. In one famous example, aspirin was found to help prevent fatal heart attacks, but not in the subgroups where patients’ astrological signs were Gemini or Libra.

“Multivariable analysis,” writes Marlies Wakkee, an M.D. and Ph.D. at Erasmus University Medical Center in the Netherlands, “only adjusts for measured confounding”—that which a researcher decides is worth examining. (Confounders are extra variables that affect the analysis; for example, eating ice cream may be found to correlate with sunburns, but heat is a confounding variable influencing both.) She adds, “This is a significant difference compared to randomized controlled trials, where the randomization process results in an equal distribution of all potential confounders, known and unknown.”

Per-protocol analysis departs from randomization by basically allowing participants to self-select into, or out of, an intervention group. McCoy writes, “Empirical evidence suggests that participants who adhere [to research protocols] tend to do better than those who do not adhere, regardless of assignment to active treatment or placebo.” In other words, per-protocol analysis is more likely to suggest that an intervention, even a fake one, worked. Of these three departures from intention-to-treat analysis, per-protocol analysis is perhaps the most extreme.

With these different methods of analysis in mind, it becomes easier to evaluate the 14 RCTs, conducted around the world, that have tested the effectiveness of masks in reducing the transmission of respiratory viruses. Of these 14, the two that have directly tested “source control”—the oft-repeated claim that wearing a mask benefits others—are a good place to start.

A 2016 study in Beijing by MacIntyre, et al. that claimed to find a possible benefit of masks did not prove very informative, as only one person in the control group—and one in the mask group—developed a laboratory-confirmed infection. Much more illuminating was a 2010 study in France by Canini, et al., which randomly placed sick people, or “index patients,” and their household contacts together into either a mask group or a no-mask control group. The authors “observed a good adherence to the intervention,” meaning that the index patients generally wore the furnished three-ply masks as intended. (No one else was asked to wear them.) Within a week, 15.8 percent of household contacts in the no-mask control group and 16.2 percent in the mask group developed an “influenza-like illness” (ILI). So, the two groups were essentially dead even, with the sliver of an advantage observed in the control group not being statistically significant. The authors write that the study “should be interpreted with caution since the lack of statistical power prevents us to draw formal conclusion regarding effectiveness of facemasks in the context of a seasonal epidemic.” However, they state unequivocally, “In various sensitivity analyses, we did not identify any trend in the results suggesting effectiveness of facemasks.”

With the two RCTs that directly tested source control providing essentially no support for the claim that wearing a mask benefits others, what about RCTs that test the combination of source control and wearer protection? By dividing participants into a hand-hygiene group, a hand-hygiene group that also wore masks, and a control group, three RCTs allow us to see whether the addition of masks (worn both by the sick person and others) provided any benefit over hand hygiene alone.

A 2010 study by Larson, et al. in New York found that those in the hand-hygiene group were less likely to develop any symptoms of an upper respiratory infection (42 percent experienced symptoms) than those in the mask-plus-hand-hygiene group (61 percent). This statistically significant finding suggests that wearing a mask actually undermines the benefits of hand hygiene.

A multivariable analysis of this same study found a significant difference in secondary attack rates (the rate of transmission to others) between the mask-plus-hands group and the control group. On this basis, the authors maintain that mask-wearing “should be encouraged during outbreak situations.” However, this multivariable analysis also found significantly lower rates in crowded homes—“i.e., more crowded households had less transmission”—which tested at a higher confidence level. Thus, to the extent that this multivariable analysis provided any support for masks, it provided at least as much support for crowding.

Two other studies found no statistically significant differences between their mask-plus-hands and hands-only groups. A 2011 study in Bangkok by Simmerman, et al. observed very similar results for both groups. A CDC-funded 2009 study in Hong Kong by Cowling, et al. observed that the hands-only group generally did better than the mask-plus-hands group, but not to a statistically significant degree. Subgroup analysis by Cowling, et al., limited to interventions started within 36 hours of the onset of symptoms, found that the mask-plus-hands group beat the control group to a statistically significant degree in one measure, while the hands-only group beat the control group to a statistically significant degree in two measures. Summarizing this study, Canini writes that “no additional benefit was observed when facemask [use] was added to hand hygiene by comparison with hand hygiene alone.”

So, if masks don’t improve on hand hygiene alone, what about masks versus nothing?

Various RCTs have studied this question, with evidence of masks’ effectiveness proving sparse at best. Aside from a 2009 study in Japan by Jacobs, et al.—which found that those in the mask group were significantly more likely to experience headaches and that “face mask use in health care workers has not been demonstrated to provide benefit”—only two RCTs have produced statistically significant findings in intention-to-treat analysis, and one of those studies contradicted itself.

The previously mentioned 2011 study in Bangkok by Simmerman, et al. found that the secondary attack rate of ILI was twice as high in the mask-plus-hand-hygiene group (18 percent) as in the control group (9 percent), a statistically significant difference. (The ILI rate was 17 percent in the hand-hygiene-only group.) Finding essentially the same thing in multivariable analysis, the researchers wrote that, relative to the control group, the odds ratios for both the mask-plus-hands group and the hands-only group “were twofold in the opposite direction from the hypothesized protective effect.”

Subsequently, a small 2014 study—with 164 participants—by Barasheed, et al. of Australian pilgrims in Saudi Arabia, staying in close quarters in tents, found that significantly fewer people in the mask group developed an ILI than in the control group (31 percent to 53 percent). Unlike the exact fever specifications utilized in other RCTs, however, this study accepted self-reporting of “subjective” fever in determining whether someone had an ILI. Lab tests revealed opposite results, with twice as many participants having developed respiratory viruses in the mask group as in the control group. These lab-test findings were not statistically significant; still, the lab tests’ greater reliability makes it far from clear that the masks in this study provided any genuine benefit.

Other RCTs found no statistically significant benefit from masks in intention-to-treat analysis. A 2008 pilot study by Cowling et al. in Hong Kong observed that secondary attack rates, using the CDC’s definition of ILI, were twice as high in the mask group (8 percent) as in the hand hygiene (4 percent) or control (4 percent) groups, but these observed differences were not statistically significant.

Other methods of analysis, deviating from intention-to-treat analysis, found the following.

A per-protocol analysis of a 2009 study in Sydney by MacIntyre, et al. found a significant effect when combining the surgical-mask group with a group wearing N95 hospital respirators. However, the authors write, a “causal link cannot be demonstrated because adherence was not randomized.”

In subgroup analysis of 2010 and 2012 studies in Michigan by Aiello, et al., limited to the final several weeks of the respective studies, each study’s mask-plus-hands group had significantly lower rates of ILI than its control group, while its mask-only group did not. In 2010, the results for the mask-only group also hinted at a slight benefit, reducing ILI by an observed (but not statistically significant) 8 percent to 10 percent. In 2012, the authors concluded, “Masks alone did not provide a benefit.” They nevertheless recommended the combination of mask use and hand hygiene, despite not having tested whether that combination works better than hand hygiene alone.

A multivariable analysis of a smallish (218 participants) 2012 study in Germany by Suess, et al. found that combining the mask group and mask-plus-hands group, while limiting analysis to interventions begun within 48 hours, produced a finding of significantly lower levels of lab-confirmed influenza (but not of ILI) in that combined group (but not in either group separately). The authors, from Berlin, recommended masking and hand hygiene, while opining, “Concerns about acceptability and tolerability of the interventions should not be a reason against their recommendation.”

The only RCT to test mask-wearing’s specific effectiveness against Covid-19 was a 2020 study by Bundgaard, et al. in Denmark. This large (4,862 participants) RCT divided people between a mask-wearing group (providing “high-quality” three-layer surgical masks) and a control group. It took place at a time (spring 2020) when Denmark was encouraging social distancing but not mask use, and 93 percent of those in the mask group wore the masks at least “predominately as recommended.” The study found that 1.8 percent of those in the mask group and 2.1 percent of those in the control group became infected with Covid-19 within a month, with this 0.3-point difference not being statistically significant.

This study—the first RCT on Covid-19 transmission—apparently had difficulty getting published. After the study’s eventual publication, Vinay Prasad, an M.D. at the University of California, San Francisco, described it as “thoughtful,” “useful,” and “well done,” but noted (with criticism), “Some have turned to social media to ask why a trial that may diminish enthusiasm for masks and may be misinterpreted was published in a top medical journal.”

Meanwhile, the CDC website portrays the Danish RCT (with its 4,800 participants) as being far less relevant or important than the observational study of Missouri hairdressers with no control group, dismissing the former as “inconclusive” and “too small” while praising the latter, amazingly, as “showing that wearing a mask prevented the spread of infection”—when it showed nothing of the sort.

Each of the RCTs discussed so far, 13 in all, examined the effectiveness of surgical masks, finding little to no evidence of their effectiveness and some evidence that they might actually increase viral transmission. None of these 13 RCTs examined the effectiveness of cloth masks. “Cloth face coverings,” according to former CDC director Robert Redfield, “are one of the most powerful weapons we have.”

One RCT tested these masks that so many high-profile public-health officials have touted. This “first RCT of cloth masks,” in the trial’s own words (it is apparently still the only one), was a 2015 study by MacIntyre, et al. in Hanoi, Vietnam. A relatively large study, with over 1,100 participants, it tested cloth masks against surgical masks and did not feature a no-mask control group. The trial tested the protection of health-care workers, instructing them to wear a two-layer cloth mask at all times on every shift (“except in the toilet or during tea or lunch breaks”) across four weeks.

The study found that those in the cloth-mask group were 13 times more likely (2.28 percent to 0.17 percent) to develop an influenza-like illness than those in the surgical-mask group—a statistically significant difference. The trial also lab-tested penetration rates and found that while surgical masks were “poor” at preventing the penetration of particles—letting 44 percent through—cloth masks were “extremely poor,” letting 97 percent through. (N95 hospital respirators let 0.1 percent through.)

The authors write that wearing a cloth mask “may potentially increase the infection risk” for health-care workers. “The virus may survive on the surface of the facemasks,” they explain, while “a contaminated cloth mask may transfer pathogen from the mask to the bare hands of the wearer,” which could lead to hand hygiene being “compromised.” As for double-masking, the authors write, “Observations during SARS suggested double-masking . . . increased the risk of infection because of moisture, liquid diffusion and pathogen retention.” Absent further research, they conclude, “cloth masks should not be recommended.”

MacIntyre and several other authors of this study, perhaps under pressure from the CDC or other entities with similar agendas, released what the CDC calls a “follow up study,” in September 2020. This follow-up isn’t really a study at all, certainly not a new RCT, yet the CDC cites it favorably while disparaging the original study, which, the CDC asserts, “had a number of limitations.” This 2020 follow-up pretty much amounts to publishing the finding that when hospitals washed the cloth masks, health-care workers were only about half as likely to get infected as when they washed the cloth masks themselves. Still, the 2020 publication says, “We do not recommend cloth masks for health workers,” much as the 2015 one said.

Other reviews of the evidence have been mixed but generally have come to similar conclusions. Certain masking advocates admit that the RCT evidence is “inconclusive” but cite other forms of evidence that have held up poorly. A study for Cochrane Reviews by Jefferson, et al. that examines 13 of the 14 RCTs discussed herein (all but the Denmark Covid-19 study) notes “uncertainty about the effects of face masks” and writes that “the pooled results of randomised trials did not show a clear reduction in respiratory viral infection with the use of medical/surgical masks during seasonal influenza.” Meantime, a study by Perski, et al., which performed a Bayesian analysis on 11 of the 14 RCTs discussed herein, concluded that when it comes to “the benefits or harms of wearing face masks . . . the scientific evidence should be considered equivocal.” They write, “Available evidence from RCTs is equivocal as to whether or not wearing face masks in community settings results in a reduction in clinically- or laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections.”

In sum, of the 14 RCTs that have tested the effectiveness of masks in preventing the transmission of respiratory viruses, three suggest, but do not provide any statistically significant evidence in intention-to-treat analysis, that masks might be useful. The other eleven suggest that masks are either useless—whether compared with no masks or because they appear not to add to good hand hygiene alone—or actually counterproductive. Of the three studies that provided statistically significant evidence in intention-to-treat analysis that was not contradicted within the same study, one found that the combination of surgical masks and hand hygiene was less effective than hand hygiene alone, one found that the combination of surgical masks and hand hygiene was less effective than nothing, and one found that cloth masks were less effective than surgical masks.

Hiram Powers, the nineteenth-century neoclassical sculptor, keenly observed, “The eye is the window to the soul, the mouth the door. The intellect, the will, are seen in the eye; the emotions, sensibilities, and affections, in the mouth.” The best available scientific evidence suggests that the American people, credulously trusting their public-health officials, have been blocking the door to the soul without blocking the transmission of the novel coronavirus.

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architectnews · 3 years ago

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Thompson Center Design Competition Chicago

Chicago Architectural Club Thompson Center Design Competition, CAC Illinois Architectural Contest News

Thompson Center Design Competition in Chicago

post updated August 24, 2021

Chicago Architectural Club Thompson Center Competition Finalists

Seven finalists have been chosen by the jury for the Thompson Center Design Competition

Winning design will be announced at a pop-up exhibit of the winning and finalists’ designs opening at the CAC on Tuesday, September 14

CHICAGO – The Chicago Architecture Center (CAC) and the Chicago Architectural Club have announced seven finalists for the architectural design competition calling for new, creative visions for the State of Illinois Thompson Center designed by Helmut Jahn, built in 1984 and put up for sale in May 2021. The winning design proposal will be announced Tuesday, September 14 at the opening of a pop-up exhibit featuring the winning and finalists’ designs on view at the CAC through October.

The competition seeks to give the building new life through restorative architecture while preserving its architecture and public character. The competition was open to anyone with a vision for the building including students, architects, designers, planners, and artists. The jury reviewed 59 entries from 5 countries representing work by professional designers and established firms as well as young architects and students.

“The jury’s selection of the seven finalists for the 2021 Chicago Prize Competition provide an impressively diverse set of possible uses for a re-imagined space devoted to Chicago’s civic ideals,” said Elva Rubio, Chicago Architecture Club co-president. “The design proposals turn the space into a new civic center with a state-of-the-art glass façade, a mixed-use development with an open-air park on the ground floor, a new Chicago Public School, a hotel and indoor waterpark, an urban farm, an art and civic culture destination with imaginative spaces suspended in the atrium, and a conical skyscraper skinned as a 3D LED screen.”

The finalists include:

“Offset: The Vertical Loop” is a mixed-use development with a new thermal envelope behind the original curtain wall that is set atop a ground-level remade as a public park within hanging gardens. Each floor is zoned, moving from public at the ground level park to private residences and vegetable gardens nearer the roof. Submitted by Tom Lee and Christopher Eastman of Eastman Lee Architects.

“One Chicago School” is a new prototype public school focused on public policy and civic engagement for students in Chicago to learn, question, and ignite change. Submitted by Jay Longo, James Michaels, Kaitlin Frankforter, Michael Quach, Abaan Zia, Mackenzie Anderson, Nicolas Waidele, Roberta Brucato, Zachary Michaliska of Solomon Cordwell Buenz, Chicago.

“Public Pool” is a hotel in place of offices ringing an indoor waterpark with monumental waterfalls dominating the atrium set in a garden. Submitted by David Rader, Jerry Johnson, Ryan Monteleagre, and Matt Zelensek of Perkins&Will, Chicago.

“Rejuvenation” wraps the existing exterior in a new “smart glass” façade using electronically tintable glass controlled by occupants to improve comfort, maximize daylight, and reduce energy costs. Exterior video projections share Chicago civic news and digital arts media. Submitted by Yuqi Shao and Andrew Li, students at the College of Architecture at Illinois Institute of Technology.

“Ripple” envisions a new sustainable public attraction comprised of auditoriums, art galleries, and community spaces rising within the exterior arc of the current atrium. These new spaces lead to a top-floor urban farm with rooftop green houses that use the existing CTA tracks to distribute the produce from the farm to food deserts around the city. Submitted by Patrick Carata, Simon Cygielski, Sarah Bush, Ilyssa Kaserman, Sean King, Amparito Martinez, Marcin Rysniak, Mica Manaois, Ed Curley, and Cameron Scott of Epstein.

“There’s Something for Everyone” creates an authentic new civic and social space linked to cultural groups across the city. Existing floor plates contain support or “back of house” spaces while the volume of the atrium will house performance stages, cinemas, arts galleries, and rehearsal spaces creating strong ties to the diverse arts and civic life of the City of Chicago. Submitted by Chava Danielson, Eric Haas, Tim Jordan, Bohan Charlie Lang, and Xixi Luo of DSH architecture, Los Angeles.

“Thompson-Scraper“ opens the atrium to the outdoors while wrapping the interior floors above with a façade that becomes a 3D LED matrix able to display images and video. Using the existing elevator banks as a core tube support structure, new floors rise above the existing structure with the familiar step-backs and topped with a conical “spire” also wrapped in 3D LED matrix. Submitted by Wenyi Zhu of Zhu Wenyi Atelier at Tsinghua University, Beijing.

The jurors include international experts in the design of museums and civic spaces, restorative architecture and landscape architecture, historic preservation, civic culture, and the work of Helmut Jahn, architect of the Thompson Center. The jury includes Carol Ross Barney, Founder and Design Principal, Ross Barney Architects, FAIA, HASLA; Michelle T. Boone, President, The Poetry Foundation; Philip Castillo, Executive Vice President, JAHN, FAIA; Peter D. Cook, Design Principal, HGA Architects & Engineers, AIA, NOMA; Thomas Heatherwick, Founder and Design Director, Heatherwick Studio; Mikyoung Kim, Founding Principal, Mikyoung Kim Design; Bonnie McDonald, President & CEO, Landmarks Illinois.

“In reviewing the design proposals and selecting these seven finalists, my fellow jurors and I considered how to ‘crack open’ the ground floor of the Thompson Center and make it breathe life into the streets,” said juror Thomas Heatherwick. “The strongest proposals show how emphasizing the ground experience and creating a dynamism inside the building can become an attractor that brings a new chemistry to the city. There is such a great opportunity here to reimagine a new type of public space and again showcase Chicago as a global hub for top design.”

The sale and possible demolition of the Thompson Center has been controversial among Chicagoans and architecture and design professionals around the world. Despite the toll caused by lack of maintenance, Helmut Jahn’s design of the Thompson Center is prized by the design world as a unique example of post-modern architectural design in a civic building meant to draw citizens into the daily workings of government. The State of Illinois issued a request for proposals for the Thompson Center site in August 2019. On August 17, 2021, the State of Illinois delayed the announcement of the winning bid from January to April 2022, reportedly at the request of developers submitting proposals.

The CAC’s pop-up exhibit featuring the winning and finalists’ designs will join the CAC’s current Helmut Jahn retrospective. Both will be open to the public through October. In July, the Chicago Architecture Center (CAC) opened its first, major limited-run exhibit, HELMUT JAHN: LIFE + ARCHITECTURE, the eagerly anticipated career retrospective of Helmut Jahn’s innovative architectural designs. The July 8 announcement of the new exhibit garnered global interest for the pathbreaking architect whose bold building designs can be found in virtually every major metropolis—from his adopted home of Chicago to Bangkok to Berlin to New York to Shanghai to Tokyo—buildings which are all part of Jahn’s enduring legacy. The exhibit, organized after Jahn’s death in May, includes numerous scale models of Jahn’s pathbreaking designs throughout his career and runs through October.

More images of the Thompson-Scraper design proposal:

Legacy of Helmut Jahn – January 4, 1940 – May 8, 2021

Helmut Jahn, FAIA, has earned a reputation on the cutting edge of progressive architecture. His buildings have had a “staggering” influence on architecture according to John Zukowsky, former Associate Curator of Architecture at the Art Institute of Chicago. Jahn’s buildings have received numerous design awards and have been represented in architectural exhibitions around the world.

Born in Germany, Jahn graduated from the Technische Hochschule in Munich. He came to the United States for graduate studies in architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology. After attending IIT, he worked at C.F. Murphy Associates as a Project Architect under Gene Summers, designing the new McCormick Place. In 1976, his first major high-rise building in Chicago, Xerox Centre, received great critical acclaim.

Jahn has been called Chicago’s premier architect who has dramatically changed the face of Chicago. His national and international reputation has led to commissions across the United States, Europe, Africa, and Asia. His projects have been recognized globally for design innovation, vitality, and integrity. Featured in numerous publications, his work has generated much excitement amongst the press and general public alike.

Jahn’s work has been included in exhibits worldwide since 1980. He has taught at the University of Illinois at Chicago, was the Elliot Noyes Professor of Architectural Design at Harvard University and the Davenport Visiting Professor of Architectural Design at Yale University, and Thesis Professor at IIT.

Previously on e-architect:

post updated July 1, 2021 ; June 28, 2021

Location: Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Chicago Architecture Center and Chicago Architectural Club Announce

Jury for “Thompson Center” Design Competition

Jurors include international experts in the design of museums and civic spaces, restorative

architecture and landscape architecture, historic preservation, civic culture,

and the work of Helmut Jahn, architect of the Thompson Center

Chicago Architectural Club Thompson Center Competition Jury

CHICAGO – The Chicago Architecture Center (CAC) and the Chicago Architectural Club have announced the jury for the architectural design competition calling for new, creative visions for the State of Illinois “Thompson” Center designed by Helmut Jahn, built in 1984 and put up for sale in May 2021. The jurors include international experts in the design of museums and civic spaces, restorative architecture and landscape architecture, historic preservation, civic culture, and the work of Helmut Jahn, architect of the Thompson Center.

The jury includes:

Thomas Heatherwick

Founder and Design Director, Heatherwick Studio

Heatherwick’s interest in joining the jury underlines the global design community’s interest in the Thompson Center as a significant building in a city known for a rare collection of groundbreaking architecture.

Carol Ross Barney

Founder and Design Principal, Ross Barney Architects, FAIA, HASLA

Michelle T. Boone

President, The Poetry Foundation

Philip Castillo

Executive Vice President, JAHN, FAIA

Peter D. Cook

Design Principal, HGA Architects & Engineers, AIA, NOMA

Mickyoung Kim

Founding Principal, Mikjoung Kim Design

Bonnie McDonald

President & CEO, Landmarks Illinois

The competition seeks to give the building new life through restorative architecture while preserving its architecture and public character. The competition is open to anyone with a vision for the building including students, architects, designers, planners, and artists. Competition registration is available through the Chicago Architectural Club website. Registration closes on July 2. Competition submissions are due July 19. The winning design will be announced in August.

“The Thompson Center, the focus of the 2021 Chicago Prize Competition, is a poignant subject to reimagine as this iconic structure and site faces a doubtful future and as we speculate on the “post-pandemic” contemporary city,” said Elva Rubio, Chicago Architecture Club co-president. “The Chicago Architectural Club is pleased to partner with the Chicago Architecture Center to support this initiative on behalf of Chicago and the global design community.”

Previously on e-architect:

June 18, 2021

Chicago Architectural Club Thompson Center Competition News

Location: Chicago, IL, United States

Chicago Architecture Center and Chicago Architectural Club Announce

Competition Calling for New, Creative Visions for State of Illinois “Thompson Center” Designed by Helmut Jahn and Now For Sale by State of Illinois

Competition seeks to give State of Illinois Center new life while preserving its architecture and public character; winning design to be announced early August

CHICAGO – The Chicago Architecture Center (CAC) and the Chicago Architectural Club have announced an architectural design competition calling for new, creative visions for the State of Illinois “Thompson” Center designed by Helmut Jahn, built in 1984 and put up for sale in May 2021 by the State of Illinois. The competition seeks to give the building new life through restorative architecture while preserving its architecture and public character.

The competition is open to anyone with a vision for the building including students, architects, designers, planners and artists. Competition registration, available through the Chicago Architecture Club website, closes on July 2 and competition submissions are due July 19. The winning design will be announced in August.

The sale and possible demolition of the Thompson Center has been controversial among architecture and design professionals in Chicago and around the world leading to the creation of The James R. Thompson Historical Society that gave public tours of the building. Despite the toll caused by lack of maintenance, Helmut Jahn’s design of the Thompson Center is prized by the design world as a unique example of post-modern architectural design in a civic building meant to draw citizens into the daily workings of government.

From the architecture competition brief:

“The Thompson Center’s design was progressive for its time. Dwelling in the vertical shadows of modern icons like Mies van der Rohe’s Daley Center, Helmut Jahn’s mid-rise Thompson Center pierced the trends of neighboring International Style and Neoclassical buildings with a revolutionary concept for a civic building, one that represents a promising future of ‘transparency and accessibility’.

“Bringing together the various services of government offices in one building, the Thompson Center is also a major transit hub and a place for gathering to enjoy art, shop, and dine. Jahn brings open space indoors with the remarkable glazed 17-story grand atrium. Known as a “people’s center” or a “people’s palace”, the building was a symbol of government accessibility, transparency, and commitment to serving the people. This was a bold departure from how government buildings used to interface with the public.“

The jury to select the winning design submission will be announced later in June 2021.

Legacy of Helmut Jahn – January 4, 1940 – May 8, 2021

Born in Germany, Jahn graduated from the Technische Hochschule in Munich. He came to the United States for graduate studies in architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology. After attending IIT, he worked at C. F. Murphy Associates as a Project Architect under Gene Summers, designing the new McCormick Place. In 1976, his first major high-rise building in Chicago, Xerox Centre, received great critical acclaim.

State of Illinois “James R. Thompson Center”

Designed by Helmut Jahn, the State of Illinois Center, also known as James R. Thompson Center, is facing the threat of complete demolition. Located in the Chicago “Loop” it is a major transportation node, commercial center, and workspace.

The building has been criticized for being ugly, oversized, inefficient, and poorly maintained. However, the Thompson Center has been pivotal to urban transit and a highly democratic contemporary civic center.

At the time of its construction in 1985, Helmut Jahn’s State of Illinois Center was a stark contrast to Chicago’s historic and modernist architecture, yet today it is an architectural icon in its own right. For the fourth year in a row, the Thompson Center has been listed in the Landmarks Illinois’ annual Most Endangered Historic Places in Illinois and it was included in Preservation Chicago’s Chicago 7 Most Endangered list in 2018, 2019, and 2020.

Chicago Architecture Center

The Chicago Architecture Center (CAC) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1966, dedicated to inspiring people to discover why design matters. A national leader in architecture and design education, the CAC offers tours, programs, exhibitions, and more that are part of a dynamic journey of lifelong learning.

Opened to the public in 2018, its riverfront location is in the heart of the city, where Michigan Avenue meets the Chicago River, featuring nearly 10,000 square feet of exhibition space with views of a century of iconic skyscrapers.

Through partnerships with schools and youth-serving organizations, the CAC reaches approximately 30,000 K-12 students annually, while teacher workshops provide educators with tools and resources they need to advance STEM curricula in their classrooms. Committed to serving under-represented communities in construction, engineering, and design professions, the CAC offers many of its education programs—and all of its programs for teens—at no cost to participants. CAC programs for adults and members include talks with acclaimed authors and practicing architects, in-depth presentations on issues and trends in urbanism, and classes unlocking subjects related to the built environment

Proceeds from programs, tours, and the CAC Design Store, as well as from grants, sponsorships, and donations, support its educational mission. Visit architecture.org to learn more and follow @chiarchitecture and #chiarchitecture on social media.

Chicago Architectural Club

The Chicago Architectural Club provides an open forum, an infrastructural framework and support platform for architects, artists and writers to discuss, challenge and enrich a dialogue among practitioners and scholars.

The Chicago Architectural Club organizes and hosts annually recurring international architecture competitions, lectures and exhibitions that foster debates within contemporary theory and criticism in art and architecture in order to promote a younger generation of architects and designers. Through our publications, outreach and collaboration we seek to engage the city of Chicago, its public and the larger audience of artist, architects and designers throughout the world.

Thompson Center Design Competition Chicago images / information received 170621 from CAC

Chicago Architecture Center

Location: Chicago, IL, United States

Chicago Architecture

Contemporary Illinois Architecture – architectural selection below:

Chicago Architecture Designs – chronological list

Chicago Architectural Walking Tours by e-architect

Chicago Architecture News

State/Lake Station Renewal, 200 North State Street, IL 60601 Design: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) image courtesy of architects office State/Lake Station Renewal

110 North Wacker Drive Architects: Goettsch Partners, Inc. image courtesy of architects firm 110 North Wacker

Wintrust Arena, 200 E Cermak Road Design: Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects photographer : Jeff Goldberg/ESTO Wintrust Arena Chicago Building

Zurich North America Headquarters in Schaumburg photo © Steinkamp Photography Zurich North America Headquarters Building by Goettsch Partners

Willis Tower Renovations 233 S. Wacker Drive – Willis Tower Building

Chicago Architecture

Major Chicago Buildings

Aqua Tower Chicago

Lake Shore Drive Towers

Sears Tower Building

Website: Chicago

Comments / photos for the Thompson Center Design Competition Chicago page welcome

The post Thompson Center Design Competition Chicago appeared first on e-architect.

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haidas-anxiety · 4 years ago

Text

Boxing: Knocking Out Racism and Inequality in America

Modern boxing is as vintage as America. Engagement Rings Perth They grew up together, and like America herself, boxing is as majestic as it's miles brutal. It's as beautiful as it's miles primal. From the bloody and outlawed "exhibitions" in New Orleans to the "bare-knuckle" brawls within the shantytowns out West, boxing came of age with America. It has been known as the "Sweet Science" and "the Manly Art of Self Defense," however in the end "boxing is a game of disagreement and combat, a weaponless warfare," pitting warriors towards every different to do struggle in the squared circle.

We can trace the history of America's poor and disenfranchised thru the arc of boxing's past. Prizefighting is a prism via which we are able to view the records and struggles of America's most disenfranchised. Its heroes of legend often exemplify the social troubles of the day. In many approaches, the fight game serves as a method of "socioeconomic" development. Author and boxing historian Jeffrey T. Sammons states in Beyond the Ring: The Role of Boxing in American Society: "The succession [of great fighters] had long past from Irish to Jewish... To Italians, to [B]lacks, and to Latin[o]s, a sample that contemplated the socioeconomic ladder. As each institution moved up, it pulled its teenagers out of prizefighting and pushed them into greater promising... Hobbies."

Two warring parties mainly epitomize the struggle of their humans: the brash Irishman John L. Sullivan, and "The Black Menace" Jack Johnson.

Boxing's Origins

Boxing has its origins in Ancient Greece, and turned into a part of the Olympic Games in around 688 BC. Homer makes reference to boxing inside the "Iliad." Boxing historian Michael Katz recalls the sports primitive origins:

Much like the first American settlers, prizefighting made its way to the New World from England. And like the pilgrims, boxing's early days have been frequently brutish and violent. Sammons states: "Like such a lot of American cultural, social, political, and highbrow establishments, boxing originated in England. In the overdue 1700s, when the sport existed most effective in its crudest form, prizefighting in Britain assumed an air of class and acceptability.

The early Puritans and Republicans frequently related recreation playing with the oppressive monarchies of Europe, however as American combatants of entertainment lost floor, the game speedy began to grow. In the 1820's and 1830's boxing, often called pugilism, have become a famous game amongst the American "immigrants who have been unaccustomed to regulations upon amusements and video games."

As the game grew in recognition among the immigrants, so too did the myth of the person. For higher or for worse, america is a kingdom weaned on the parable of the individual. This is the American Dream, that fundamental creed that we are able to all "pull our selves up by means of the bootstraps" and emerge as wildly wealthy, outrageously a hit, and madly fulfilled. For nearly hundred years the "Heavyweight Champion" turned into the crown jewel of the wearing world, and the physical embodiment of the American Dream. He was the hardest, "baddest guy" in the world, and commanded the arena's appreciate.

Sammons states: "[T]he bodily guy still stands for the capacity of the individual and the survival of the fittest. He is the embodiment of the American Dream, in which the lowliest of individuals upward push to the top by their personal initiative and perseverance. The elusiveness of that dream is immaterial; the that means of the dream is in its reputation, now not its success." During the 1880's, nobody embodied the physical guy, or the American Dream, extra than boxing's first tremendous heavyweight champion, John L. Sullivan.

John L. Sullivan and the Plight of the Irish

Sullivan, additionally known as "The Boston Strongboy," was the closing of the "naked knuckle" champions. The son of bad Irish immigrants, he changed into a brash and hard-nosed guy who toured the "vaudeville circuit supplying fifty greenbacks to anybody who could final four rounds with him within the ring." Sullivan famously challenged his audiences by claiming, "I can lick any sonofabitch within the house."

"The Boston Strongboy" have become one in all America's first sports legends when he snubbed millionaire Richard Kyle Fox, owner and owner of the National Police Gazette and the National Enquierer. Legend has it that one fateful nighttime inside the spring of 1881 even as at Harry Hill's Dace Hall and Boxing Emporium on New York's East Side, Fox became so inspired via one in every of Sullivan's boxing matches, that the newspaper multi-millionaire "invited him to his table for a enterprise talk, which Sullivan impolitely declined, gaining Fox's hatred."

Sammons states:

Fox become furious and vowed to break Sullivan as well as control the crown. He did neither; Sullivan beat all comers, along with a few Fox hopefuls." Sullivan became an worldwide celebrity and American icon "who had risen through the ranks with out searching down on others. Sullivan did more than construct a private following, but; he helped increase the game of boxing. The prize ring now spanned the gulf among lower and top training."

Sullivan have become a image of wish and satisfaction for recent Irish immigrants dwelling in a brand new, antagonistic land. Nearly million Irish immigrants arrived in America between 1820 and 1860. Most arrived as indentured servants and had been taken into consideration little extra than slaves inside the new usa. Of the ones two million immigrants, kind of seventy five percent arrived for the duration of the "The Potato Famine" of 1845-1852. The Irish fled from poverty, ailment, and English oppression. "The Potato Famine" had claimed the lives of almost a million Irishmen.

Author Jim Kinsella states:

America became their dream. Early immigrant letters defined it as a land of abundance and urged others to comply with them thru the 'Golden Door.' These letters had been examine at social occasions encouraging the young to join them on this superb new us of a. They left in droves on ships that have been so crowded, with situations so terrible, that they have been known as 'Coffin Ships.' (par. 1)

The Irish arrived in America destitute and frequently unwanted. An antique announcing summed up the disillusionment felt by American immigrants within the Nineteenth Century: "I came to America due to the fact I heard the streets had been paved with gold. When I got here, I determined out 3 things: First, the streets weren't paved with gold; 2d, they were not paved at all: and third, I changed into anticipated to pave them."

Kinsella says:

Our immigrant ancestors had been not wanted in America. Ads for employment have been regularly observed via "no Irish need follow." They have been pressured to stay in cellars and shanties... With [no] plumbing and [no] running water. These dwelling situations bred illness and early demise. It changed into expected that 80 percentage of all babies born to Irish immigrants in New York City died... The Chicago Post wrote, "The Irish fill our prisons, our bad houses... Scratch a convict or a pauper and the possibilities are that [we] tickle the pores and skin of an Irish Catholic. Putting them on a boat and sending them home would give up crime in this country.

But the Irish arrived in America in the course of a time of need. Kinsella keeps:

The united states turned into growing and it wanted guys to do the heavy paintings of constructing bridges, canals, and railroads. It turned into hard, risky work. A commonplace expression heard a number of the railroad employees claimed "an Irishman became buried below every tie.

John L. Sullivan become the satisfaction of the Irish for the duration of his mythical championship reign between 1882-1892).

Historian Benjamin Rader wrote:

The athletes as public heroes served as a compensatory cultural characteristic. They assisted the general public in compensating for the passion of the conventional dream of achievement... And emotions of man or woman powerlessness. As the society have become more complex and systematized and as success had to be received increasingly more in bureaucracies, the need for heroes who leaped to fame and fortune outside the regulations of the gadget regarded to develop.

During his decade long reign as champion; nobody captured the general public interest greater than "The Boston Strongboy." He destroyed Paddy Ryan in Mississippi City, Mississippi for the "Heavyweight Championship of America" in an illegal "boxing exhibition" on February 7, 1882. The championship belt turned into named the "the $10,000 Belt" and was "something suit for a king." Sammons states: "It had a base of flat gold fifty inches long, and twelve inches extensive, with a middle panel consisting of Sullivan's name spelled out in diamonds; 8 different frames eagles and Irish harps; an extra 397 diamonds studded the symbolic decoration."

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postmortemchats-blog · 7 years ago

Text

Today is my birthday! So I’m blessing your feed with a list of serial killer birthdays 🎂 Do you share a birthday with any of them?

Aileen Wuornos – 29th February 1956

Albert DeSalvo – 3rd September 1931

Albert Fish – 19th May 1870

Alexander Pichushkin – 9th April 1974

Anatoly Onoprienko – 25th July 1959

Andrei Chikatilo – 16th October 1936

Anthony Hardy – 31st May 1951

Arthur Shawcross – 6th June 1945

Beverley Allitt – 4th October 1968

Carol M. Bundy - 26th August 1942

Catherine Birnie – 23rd May 1951

Colin Ireland – 16th March 1954

Cynthia Coffman – 19th January 1962

David Berkowitz – 1st June 1953

David Birnie - 16th February 1951

David Copeland – 15th May 1976

David Ray Parker – 6th November 1939

Dean Arnold Corll – 24th December 1939

Dennis Nilsen – 23rd November 1945

Dennis Rader – 9th March 1945

Derrick Bird – 27th November 1957

Donald Henry Gaskins – 13th March 1933

Donald Neilson – 1st August 1936

Dorothea Puente – 9th January 1929

Doug Clark – 10th March 1948

Ed Gein – 27th August 1906

Edmund Kemper – 18th December 1948

Faye Copeland – 4th August 1921

Fred West – 29th September 1941

Fritz Haarmann – 25th October 1879

Gary Ridgway – 18th February 1949

George Joseph Smith – 11th January 1872

Glen Edward Rogers – 15th July 1962

Graham Young – 7th September 1947

H H Holmes – 16th May 1861

Harold Shipman – 14th January 1946

Henri Desire Landru – 12th April 1869

Henry Lee Lucas – 23rd August 1936

Herbert Mullin – 18th April 1947

Ian Brady – 2nd January 1938

Janie Lou Gibbs – 25th December 1932

Javed Iqbal Mughal – 8th October 1956

Jeffrey Dahmer – 21st May 1960

Jeremy Bamber – 13th January 1961

Joel Rifkin – 20th January 1959

John Allen Muhammad 31st December 1960

John Bodkin Adams – 21st January 1899

John George Haigh – 24th July 1909

John Reginald Christie – 8th April 1899

John Straffen – 27th February 1930

John Wayne Gacy – 17th March 1942

Judy Buenoano – 4th April 1943

Karla Homolka - 4th May 1970

Kenneth Bianchi – 22nd May 1951

Kristen Gilbert – 13th November 1967

Larry Eyler – 21st December 1952

Lee Boyd Malvo – 18th February 1985

Levi Bellfield – 17th May 1968

Luis Alfredo Garavito – 25th January 1957

Martha Beck – 6th May 1920

Michael Ryan – 18th May 1960

Moses Sithole – 17th November 1964

Myra Hindley – 23rd July 1942

Orville Lynn Majors – 24th April 1961

Patrick MacKay – 25th September 1952

Paul Bernardo – 24th August 1964

Peter Bryan – 4th October 1969

Peter Kurten – 26th May 1883

Peter Manuel – 13th March 1927

Peter Sutcliffe – 2nd June 1946

Peter Tobin – 27th August 1946

Randall Woodfield – 26th December 1950

Ray Copeland – 30th December 1914

Ray Fernandez – 17th December 1914

Raymond Morris – 13th August 1929

Richard Chase – 23rd May 1950

Richard Ramirez – 29th February 1960

Robert Pickton – 24th October 1949

Robert Black – 21st April 1947

Robert Maudsley – 26th June 1953

Robert Napper – 25th February 1966

Rodney Alcala – 23rd August 1943

Ronald Dominique – 9th January 1964

Rose West – 29th November 1953

Stephen Griffiths – 24th December 1969

Stephen Port – 22nd February 1975

Steve Wright – 24th April 1958

Steven Grieveson – 14th December 1970

Ted Bundy – 24th November 1946

Ted Kaczynski – 22nd May 1942

Trevor Hardy – 11th June 1945

Velma Barfield – 29th October 1932

Source: https://www.murdermiletours.com/blog/serial-killers-and-their-birthdays-date-of-birth

#serial killer #birthday #true crime #tc #tcc #ted bundy #richard ramirez #murder

8 notes · View notes

vulgarismo · 4 years ago

Text

Boxing: Knocking Out Racism and Inequality in America

Modern boxing is as antique as America. They grew up together, and prefer America herself, boxing is as majestic as it is brutal. It's as beautiful as it's far primal. From the bloody and outlawed "exhibitions" in New Orleans to the "bare-knuckle" brawls in the shantytowns out West, boxing came of age with America. It has been known as the "Sweet Science" and "the Manly Art of Self Defense," but in the end "boxing is a game of confrontation and combat, a weaponless war," pitting warriors towards each different to do battle within the squared circle Engagement Rings Perth We can trace the records of America's poor and disenfranchised thru the arc of boxing's beyond. Prizefighting is a prism thru which we can view the records and struggles of America's most disenfranchised. Its heroes of legend frequently exemplify the social problems of the day. In many approaches, the fight sport serves as a means of "socioeconomic" development. Author and boxing historian Jeffrey T. Simmons states in Beyond the Ring: The Role of Boxing in American Society: "The succession [of great fighters] had long gone from Irish to Jewish... To Italians, to [B]lacks, and to Latin[o]s, a sample that contemplated the socioeconomic ladder. As every group moved up, it pulled its youngsters out of prizefighting and pushed them into extra promising... Pursuits."

Two warring parties specifically epitomize the warfare in their humans: the brash Irishman John L. Sullivan, and "The Black Menace" Jack Johnson.

Boxing's Origins

Boxing has its origins in Ancient Greece, and was part of the Olympic Games in round 688 BC. Homer makes reference to boxing in the "Iliad." Boxing historian Michael Katz recollects the sports activities primitive origins:

Much just like the first American settlers, prizefighting made its manner to the New World from England. And just like the pilgrims, boxing's early days were often brutish and violent. Sammons states: "Like so many American cultural, social, political, and highbrow establishments, boxing originated in England. In the late 1700s, whilst the sport existed best in its crudest form, prizefighting in Britain assumed an air of class and acceptability.

The early Puritans and Republicans regularly related sport gambling with the oppressive monarchies of Europe, however as American warring parties of entertainment lost ground, the sport quickly started out to develop. In the 1820's and 1830's boxing, often known as pugilism, became a famous recreation among the American "immigrants who were unaccustomed to regulations upon amusements and video games."

As the game grew in reputation amongst the immigrants, so too did the parable of the person. For better or for worse, america is a state weaned on the parable of the character. This is the American Dream, that essential creed that we can all "pull our selves up by means of the bootstraps" and come to be wildly wealthy, outrageously successful, and madly fulfilled. For almost two hundred years the "Heavyweight Champion" turned into the crown jewel of the carrying global, and the physical embodiment of the American Dream. He became the toughest, "baddest guy" on earth, and commanded the world's appreciate.

Sammons states: "[T]he bodily man nevertheless stands for the capability of the person and the survival of the fittest. He is the embodiment of the American Dream, in which the lowliest of individuals rise to the top by means of their own initiative and perseverance. The elusiveness of that dream is immaterial; the that means of the dream is in its attractiveness, now not its fulfillment." During the 1880's, nobody embodied the physical guy, or the American Dream, greater than boxing's first remarkable heavyweight champion, John L. Sullivan.

John L. Sullivan and the Plight of the Irish

Sullivan, also referred to as "The Boston Strongboy," became the last of the "bare knuckle" champions. The son of poor Irish immigrants, he changed into a brash and hard-nosed guy who toured the "vaudeville circuit providing fifty dollars to every person who could last 4 rounds with him within the ring." Sullivan famously challenged his audiences by means of claiming, "I can lick any sonofabitch in the residence."

"The Boston Strongboy" became considered one of America's first sports legends whilst he snubbed millionaire Richard Kyle Fox, proprietor and owner of the National Police Gazette and the National Enquierer. Legend has it that one fateful evening in the spring of 1881 while at Harry Hill's Dace Hall and Boxing Emporium on New York's East Side, Fox become so inspired by means of one in every of Sullivan's boxing matches, that the newspaper mogul "invited him to his desk for a commercial enterprise talk, which Sullivan impolitely declined, gaining Fox's hatred."

Sammons states:

Fox was furious and vowed to interrupt Sullivan as well as manage the crown. He did neither; Sullivan beat all comers, together with some Fox hopefuls." Sullivan have become an global celeb and American icon "who had risen thru the ranks without searching down on others. Sullivan did greater than build a personal following, but; he helped elevate the game of boxing. The prize ring now spanned the gulf between decrease and top instructions."

Sullivan have become a image of hope and satisfaction for recent Irish immigrants dwelling in a brand new, antagonistic land. Nearly million Irish immigrants arrived in America among 1820 and 1860. Most arrived as indentured servants and were considered little extra than slaves inside the new u . S .. Of the ones million immigrants, more or less seventy five percentage arrived throughout the "The Potato Famine" of 1845-1852. The Irish fled from poverty, disorder, and English oppression. "The Potato Famine" had claimed the lives of almost 1,000,000 Irishmen.

Author Jim Kinsella states:

America have become their dream. Early immigrant letters described it as a land of abundance and urged others to follow them through the 'Golden Door.' These letters were examine at social activities encouraging the young to sign up for them on this brilliant new us of a. They left in droves on ships that have been so crowded, with conditions so terrible, that they have been called 'Coffin Ships.' (par. 1)

The Irish arrived in America destitute and frequently undesirable. An old saying summed up the disillusionment felt by means of American immigrants in the Nineteenth Century: "I got here to America because I heard the streets have been paved with gold. When I came, I determined out three things: First, the streets weren't paved with gold; 2nd, they weren't paved in any respect: and 0.33, I turned into anticipated to pave them."

Kinsella says:

Our immigrant ancestors had been no longer desired in America. Ads for employment were frequently followed by way of "no Irish need observe." They have been forced to live in cellars and shanties... With [no] plumbing and [no] walking water. These residing conditions bred illness and early death. It changed into predicted that 80 percentage of all toddlers born to Irish immigrants in New York City died... The Chicago Post wrote, "The Irish fill our prisons, our negative homes... Scratch a convict or a pauper and the possibilities are that [we] tickle the skin of an Irish Catholic. Putting them on a ship and sending them home could stop crime on this us of a.

But the Irish arrived in America throughout a time of need. Kinsella continues:

The us of a become growing and it needed men to do the heavy work of building bridges, canals, and railroads. It changed into tough, risky work. A common expression heard a few of the railroad people claimed "an Irishman turned into buried beneath each tie.

John L. Sullivan changed into the pleasure of the Irish during his legendary championship reign among 1882-1892).

Historian Benjamin Rader wrote:

The athletes as public heroes served as a compensatory cultural characteristic. They assisted the public in compensating for the passion of the conventional dream of achievement... And feelings of man or woman powerlessness. As the society became greater complicated and systematized and as fulfillment had to be received more and more in bureaucracies, the want for heroes who leaped to reputation and fortune out of doors the guidelines of the gadget regarded to grow.

During his decade lengthy reign as champion; no person captured the general public interest extra than "The Boston Strongboy." He destroyed Paddy Ryan in Mississippi City, Mississippi for the "Heavyweight Championship of America" in an illegal "boxing exhibition" on February 7, 1882. The championship belt was named the "the $10,000 Belt" and turned into "something healthy for a king." Sammons states: "It had a base of flat gold fifty inches long, and twelve inches extensive, with a center panel inclusive of Sullivan's call spelled out in diamonds; eight different frames eagles and Irish harps; an additional 397 diamonds studded the symbolic decoration."

After receiving the "$10,000 Belt," Sullivan pried out the diamonds and sold it for $a hundred seventy five. He later went on to defeat his arch nemesis Jake Kilrain in the seventy-5th round, marking the very last "naked-knuckle" championship bout in boxing records. Sullivan reigned best till his knockout loss to a more youthful, quicker, extra skilled fighter named "Gentleman" Jim Corbett within the twenty-first round on September 7, 1892 in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Jack Johnson and Black Oppression

Boxing historian Bert Sugar as soon as stated: "Boxing is a ordinary, strange recreation. Bottom line, it's legalized attack, however it has given people at some point of history a danger to better themselves. [I]t has constantly been a game of the dispossessed and of the lowest rung on any ladder." Except for the Native Americans, no organization in American records has been as "dispossessed" as African Americans. They have been stolen from their homes in Africa, and transported beneath deplorable conditions to suffer a life of slavery in America. "From the 16th to 19th centuries, an anticipated 12 million Africans have been shipped as slaves to the Americas. Of these an anticipated 645,000 have been added to what's now the USA. [According to] the 1860 United States Census, the slave population within the United States had grown to 4 million.".

From the primary second they set foot on American soil, life became brutal for blacks in the New World. Although the black slaves received freedom after President Abraham Lincoln issued the "Emancipation Proclamation" on January 1, 1863, it'd be roughly a hundred years earlier than blacks finished complete equality in America. The twenty years between 1880 and 1900 were exceptionally hard ones for blacks in America. Congress handed a chain of anti-civil rights acts, culminating inside the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 ensuring 2nd-elegance citizenship for blacks, and marked the beginning of the Jim Crow generation in America.

Although there were many splendid black warring parties during this twenty-12 months duration, blacks were barred from combating for the heavyweight championship. Sammons writes: "By the 1880's the heavyweight boxing championship symbolized... America's upward thrust to global energy... The holder of the title stood as a shining example of American electricity and racial superiority."

But the retirement of the "granite jawed" and undefeated heavyweight champion James Jeffries in 1905 left a whole in the division. After a slew of uninspiring champions came and went boxing fanatics began to lose interest. By 1907 the time was ripe for the primary black heavyweight contender. The sportswriters of the day believed a black fighter might bring public hobby lower back into boxing, whilst additionally proving "white physical and highbrow superiority."

In 1908 a legend became born, and his call was Jack Johnson.

Jack Johnson, later known as "The Black Menace," changed into an unknown fighter from Galveston, Texas. He would end up one of the finest and most courageous athletes in the history of American sports. He changed into a huge man with a flashy smile and brilliant speed. In and out of the hoop, Johnson changed into large than lifestyles. Although he left school inside the 5th grade, Johnson was a clever and worldly guy. He performed the bow mess around, cherished opera and literature, idolized Napoleon Bonaparte, or even invented and patented a device used to restoration cars. He also cherished speedy cars, fancy fits, and white girls. Worse but, white women cherished him again. When one reporter witnessed a successive parade of ladies leaving Johnson's hotel room, he asked the champ for the secret to his "staying electricity." Johnson answered, "Eat jellied eels, and suppose distant thoughts."

Actor James Earl Jones, who performed the mythical Jack Johnson in the movie Great White Hope states: "He lived life by means of his own regulations together with his balls, his head, and his heart."

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