#removals companies in belgrade

[mariacallous]

In less than a day, prosecutors, police and the government in Serbia reacted to an AI deepfake video of Prime Minister Milos Vucevic allegedly posted on Facebook.

The rapid reaction contrasted with other cases of deepfake content posted in Telegram groups or broadcast on national TV stations about Serbian citizens and opposition politicians.

The Special Prosecution Office for High Tech Crime told the police to collect all “necessary notifications” on the matter, said a prosecutor’s statement on Thursday.

On Wednesday, the government said a Facebook account named Corvus01 had posted the AI-generated video statement in which the PM talked about “non-existent government projects”.

“A criminal complaint has been filed against an NN [anonymous] person and work is being done to establish the identity of the person,” the statement said, adding that police had asked Meta company to send them all data on the account and to remove the fake video.

As the video is not publicly available, it was probably removed after the government’s request.

However, BIRN’s Digital Rights Violations Annual Report 2022-2023 noted numerous other cases of AI-generated videos of politicians being published without sanctions.

In August 2023, Zeljko Mitrovic, owner of pro-government TV Pink, published AI-manipulated footage of Marinika Tepic, vice-president of the opposition Freedom and Justice Party, misrepresenting her remarks.

The same month, Mitrovic did the same with Dragan Djilas, president of the Freedom and Justice Party, airing the video on TV Pink as “satire”. Mitrovic posted the deepfake on X and later showed it on TV Pink without the audience being properly informed that it was fabricated.

Mila Tomanovic, a lawyer handling the Djilas case, told BIRN that Djilas sought a temporary measure that would prohibit the broadcast and re-recording of the video but the Higher Court in Belgrade in November 2023 rejected the call. The Court of Appeal then cancelled the decision of the Higher Court, which is currently considering the temporary measure again.

Tomanovic said Mitrovic defended the edited video as artistic expression. “However, the spread of violence, lies, fraud, deception, misuse of other people’s data, provision of false data and fabrication and presenting a person in a false light cannot possibly be art, or of importance to a democratic society,” Tomanovic said.

Other cases in which Serbian institutions didn’t respond concerned tens of thousands of Telegram users in Serbia who were sharing images of women “undressed” by artificial intelligence, as BIRN reported this week.

Ana Toskic Cvetinovic, executive director at Partners for Democratic Change, an NGO from Serbia and a privacy protection expert, told BIRN that the prosecution in the case of the PM likely reacted to a criminal complaint of the unauthorised publication and display of other people’s files, portraits and video.

“In our country, there is no specifically regulated or sanctioned use of artificial intelligence for the generation of audio and video content, so the use of deepfake can be brought under existing criminal offences, such as unauthorised publication,” she said.

She added that what was specific in the latest case was “the speed of reaction of the prosecution, which is mostly absent in other cases”.

“The prosecution and the police generally state that these crimes are difficult to prove, including collecting evidence from companies that manage social networks,” Toskic Cvetinovic noted.

Nina Nicovic, a lawyer, told BIRN that a direct parallel cannot be drawn between the fake recording of PM Vucevic and the deepfake material circulating on social networks and Telegram groups about “ordinary citizens”.

“If something related to the non-existent projects of the government of any country is really published on a video, then every country … has the right to react urgently because it can lead to consequences for the country,” said Nicovic.

However, she added that her impression is that institutions in Serbia only react fast to rights violations in the digital sphere when politicians are involved.

“If they can react so quickly to everything related to the government and politicians, in certain situations such as the Telegram groups they should have reacted just as urgently,” Nicovic said.

She said one big obstacle is that the courts, prosecutor’s offices and the police do not have enough IT experts to help solve these cases.

thinking about @roycohn's post about AI deepfakes and Ted Cruz...

[justforbooks]

The battle to remove censorship from the British stage was fought primarily at the Royal Court theatre in London during the mid-1960s. The plays of Edward Bond, one of the most important British dramatists of the 20th century, who has died aged 89, were an essential part of that story and that struggle.

Bond had submitted plays to George Devine’s recently established English Stage Company at the Royal Court in 1958 and, as a result, was invited to join the theatre’s Writers’ Group. His first performed play, The Pope’s Wedding, was given in a production without decor on 9 December 1962, and Devine then commissioned a new play, which Bond submitted in September 1964.

That play, Saved, was presented privately for members of the English Stage Society in November 1965 after the lord chamberlain – the official censor to whose offices all new theatre plays had to be submitted – demanded cuts in the text. The play was the most controversial of its day, not just because of the explicitness of the sexual swaggering and dialogue, but because of a scene in which a baby is stoned to death in its pram.

The stays of middle-class propriety in the contemporary theatre had already been given a good vicious tug in the work of David Rudkin and Joe Orton, but this was something else. There was uproar in the theatre, and in the reviews, and a visit by the police. The theatre was hauled into court after an alleged minor breach of the club licensing laws, and many notable witnesses, including Laurence Olivier, spoke in the play’s favour. Penelope Gilliatt wrote in the Observer that the play was about brutishness, not brutish in itself: “The thing that makes Saved most painful to watch is the fact that the characters who won’t listen to other people’s desperate voices are in despair for lack of a listener themselves.”

Bond’s next play, Early Morning, was banned outright. It was a surreal fantasy, featuring Queen Victoria and Florence Nightingale as lesbian lovers, two conjoined twin princes, and cannibalism in heaven. Again, the vice squad paid a call, performances were cancelled and a private dress rehearsal arranged for the critics in April 1968.

By now the theatres bill was on its way in the House of Commons, becoming law in September. Plays were finally removed from the control of the lord chamberlain, who had held censorious sway over the nation’s entertainment since 1737. Violence, sex, political satire and nudity were bona fide subjects at last for the modern theatre.

William Gaskill, the artistic director of the Court in succession to Devine, mounted a Bond season in 1969 that established his reputation both in Britain and abroad, during a tour to Belgrade and eastern Europe. Saved was given 14 productions in West Germany and opened to acclaim in the Netherlands, Denmark, Japan, Czechoslovakia and the US.

This period was one of defiance at the Royal Court, and the experience marked everyone who worked there for life, none more so than Bond and Gaskill. Bond was acknowledged as the inheritor of Brecht’s legacy in the flintiness of his writing and the uncompromising artistic vision of his scenes and stage pictures.

He wrote many fine plays in the subsequent decade: his Lear (1971) was a majestic, pitiless rewriting of Shakespeare, with Harry Andrews unforgettably scaling a huge, stage-filling wall at the end; Bingo (1973) and The Fool (1975) drew chilling portraits of English writers – Shakespeare (played by John Gielgud at the Court – and by Patrick Stewart in a 2010 revival at Chichester) and the rural poet John Clare (Tom Courtenay) – at odds with their societies, driven respectively to suicide and madness; and The Woman (1978), the first new play to be produced on the National’s new Olivier stage, was an astounding, panoramic survey of Greek myths and misogyny.

Bond was born in Holloway, north London, one of four children. His parents were farm labourers in East Anglia and had come to London looking for work. Bond was evacuated during the second world war, first to Cornwall and later to live with his grandparents near Ely, Cambridgeshire. He attended Crouch End secondary modern school in London in 1946 and left when he was 15. “That was the making of me, of course,” he said, “you see, after that nobody takes you seriously. The conditioning process stops. Once you let them send you to grammar school and university, you’re ruined.”

He enjoyed the music hall and was impressed by Donald Wolfit as Macbeth at the Bedford theatre in Camden Town in 1948: “I knew all these people, they were there in the newspapers – this was my world.”

After school he worked as a paint-mixer, insurance clerk and checker in an aircraft factory before beginning his national service in 1953. He was stationed in Vienna and started to write short stories.

Once Saved had been performed and he knew he would always work in the theatre, he bought a house on the edge of a small village, Wilbraham, near Cambridge, and lived there contentedly with his wife, the German-speaking Elisabeth Pablé, a writer, whom he married in 1971 and with whom he collaborated on a new version of Wedekind’s Lulu based on some newly discovered jottings and manuscripts in the early 90s.

His early plays were often based in situations and societies he was familiar with, whatever their period setting, but Bond’s later work took on a more resonant, prophetic, some felt pompous, tone. Put simply, according to Richard Eyre and Nicholas Wright in Changing Stages, their 2000 account of the British theatre, Bond used to ask questions; now he gave answers.

He acquired a reputation as a rather remote guru, and his later, proscriptive epics about the failure of capitalism and the violence of the state were more often performed by amateurs than by the leading companies in Britain.

The Worlds (1979), for instance, was first given by amateurs in Newcastle, but its scope was immense, charting the collapse of a successful business operation riddled with strike action, terrorism, kidnappings and long speeches. In one of these, a terrorist defines the two worlds as one of appearance and one of reality. In the first, she says, there is right and wrong, the law and good manners. In the second, which controls the first, machines and power.

Before going into what he called voluntary exile from the British theatre establishment, Bond wrote the “pastoral” Restoration (1981) for the Court, an often witty inversion of a Restoration comedy, with Simon Callow in full flow as Lord Are, and Summer (1982) for the National, a comic, modern rendering of The Tempest set in the sunny Mediterranean.

Bond was a dapper, withdrawn man who could be intimidating, but disarmingly gnomic and self-deprecating when he was in the mood. Sympathetic interviewers could be treated to bilious attacks on directors such as Sam Mendes – whose 1991 revival of his 1973 comedy The Sea, a beautiful play of madness and dehumanisation in an Edwardian seaside town, he loathed – and Trevor Nunn (who, he said, turned the National Theatre into “a technicolour sewer”), though he never raised his voice and often dissolved into mischievous chuckling.

Even the collapse of eastern European socialism could not stem the flow of Bond’s writing. “Before, as a socialist writer,” he once told me, “you knew there was a framework, a system to which the play might eventually refer. But now, the problem of the last act has returned! And I was always a critic of the system to start with. That’s why I wrote my version of King Lear.”

More recently, you had to hunt pretty hard to find his new work. There was an intriguing season of six plays at the Cock Tavern in the Kilburn High Road, north London, in 2008, and several more performed by Big Brum, a theatre-in-education company in the Midlands, between 2012 and 2014.

Jonathan Kent directed a revival of The Sea at the Haymarket, starring David Haig and Eileen Atkins in 2008, while Sean Holmes provided the first London production of Saved in 27 years – still harrowing, more pertinent than ever – at the Lyric, Hammersmith, in 2011.

Following the example of Brecht, Bond was prolific in supplying his work with the extra apparatus of poems, prefaces and notebooks, though, unlike Brecht, a giant of an intellectual all-rounder in comparison, and a far superior poet, he was always better when restricting himself to stage dialogue.

He also wrote for films, including the screenplay for Nicholas Roeg’s Walkabout (1971), set in the Australian outback and starring Jenny Agutter and David Gulpilil, and the Nabokov adaptation Laughter in the Dark (1969), as well as contributing dialogue for Michelangelo Antonioni’s Blow-Up (1966) and Nicholas and Alexandra (1971).

At his best, he was a genuine poet of the stage, and exerted an enormous influence on at least two generations of theatre workers after him. It is possible that some of the unknown plays of his later, post-nuclear apocalyptic period will be ripe for assessment. The place of at least 10 of his earlier plays is secure in the national literature and they are certain to be revived. He remains much admired and often performed in France and Germany.

Elisabeth died in 2017.

🔔 Thomas Edward Bond, playwright and director, born 18 July 1934; died 3 March 2024

Daily inspiration. Discover more photos at Just for Books…?

[hello-delicious-tea]

Apparently Serbia, and especially Belgrade, has a huge problem with air pollution.

Ms. Francine Pickup, Resident Representative of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in Serbia, explained that: “It is estimated that cities are the source of as much as 75% of total CO2 emissions in the world, of which the largest percentage comes from traffic and cooling and heating in buildings”. She later continued to explain that 59% of the Serbian population lives in urban areas and that the number is constantly increasing. Because the population density is so high, creating green areas and planting trees – which represent natural air purification in urban areas– is a complex goal to achieve, as there is a lack of free areas for landscaping.

The microalgae replace two 10-year-old trees or 200 square meters of lawn. The function of the LIQUID 3 is practically an imitation of it. Both trees and grass perform photosynthesis and bind carbon dioxide. However, the advantage of microalgae is that it is 10 to 50 times more efficient than trees. The team behind LIQUID 3 has stated that their goal is not to replace forests or tree planting plans but to use this system to fill those urban pockets where there is no space for planting trees. In conditions of intense pollution, such as Belgrade, many trees cannot survive, while algae do not have a problem with the great levels of pollution.

The project is designed to be multifunctional. LIQUID3 is also a bench, it has chargers for mobile phones, as well as a solar panel, thanks to which the bench has lighting during the night.

Dr. Ivan Spasojevic also explained that “the Institute used single-celled freshwater algae, which exist in ponds and lakes in Serbia and can grow in tap water, and are resistant to high and low temperatures. The system does not require special maintenance – it is enough to remove the biomass created by dividing algae, which can be used as an excellent fertilizer, in a month and a half, pour new water and minerals, and the algae continue to grow indefinitely. This project aims to popularize and expand the use of microalgae in Serbia, because they can be used in wastewater treatment, as compost for green areas, for the production of biomass and biofuels, as well as for air purification from exhaust gases from the factories”.

[trojerucica-blr]

Movement for the People and State of Aleksandar Vucic

Bon Appetit!

- Brussels Agreement or the sale of Kosovo and Metohija

- Removal of barricades from Serbian municipalities north of Ibar

- Lithium mine Rio Tint near Loznica

- Phantoms (Belgrade on the water or Budva in Belgrade)

- Vladimir Cvijan was killed for evidence of crime at the top of the government

- Oliver Ivanovic was killed for obstructing cooperation between Serbian and Albanian mafia

- Miša Ognjanović killed after getting into a conflict with Diana Hrkalović, state secretary in the Ministry of Internal Affairs

- Sale Mutavi, Velja Nevolja, gendarme Vuckovic and a machine for grinding human meat

- Zvonko Veselinovic and Milan Radoicic are expanding businesses in Serbia while in Kosovo and Metohija there are fewer Serbs

- Karić freed, Cane Subotic... for the processes initiated by the previous regime, Vucic abolished Dajic

- Part of the SNS government became all those who participated in the robbery privatization carried out by DOS, and before that, SPS and JULY of the 1990s (Dinkic, Vlahovic, Miškovic, Beko... ) and that's why the cases of controversial privatizations have not been resolved, even those that have been selected by the EU

- љeljko Mitrovic, Vulin's godfather and friend of ambassador Hill still does what he wants, obviously, he and his loved ones can kill people too, police will not touch them

- Vulin's "aunt from Canada", 24 apartments of Sinisa Mali in Bulgaria and the testimony of Marija Mali, Millenium team, Goran Vesić, Zorana Mihajlovic, Zoran Babic and the death of Stanika Gligorijevic at Doljevac toll station, affairs with judges and prosecutors...

- Slaviša Kokeza and Neša Roming left Serbia but their companies in Serbia are still working

- Jovanjica - plantation owner on the loose, being persecuted by police officers who arrested him

- Vucic supported the Clintons and Soros in the fight against Trump

- Washington Accord

- French-German or Ohrid Agreement (last step in selling Kosovo and Metohija)

- Ana Brnabic, as the Prime Minister of Serbia, had a child with another wife

- Gay parades and Europride organized by the ambassador of the Quinta state in Belgrade

- Crimes and violations of human rights during the pl(l) pandemic on the instructions of the satanists from WHO

- Center for the fourth industrial revolution of the World Economic Forum opened in Belgrade

- Agreement of the Government of Serbia with Pfizer that the citizens of Serbia serve as guinea pigs in experiments

- Private banks are worse than public enterprises and above the state, NBS controlled by the IMF

- Justice, police and private executors in the service of the state and the mafia and foreign occupiers

- The price of the consumer basket is higher than the average salary

- Farmers are failing, foreign investors are still receiving huge state subsidies

- EPS and Telekom Serbia are collapsing, the authorities are preparing to privatize the remaining economic and natural resources, as they are preparing the final sale of Kosovo and Metohija

- Dinar exchange rate in the service of import lobby, there is no consumer protection

- All big jobs are controlled by a small number of people from the top government or the "deep state"

- The worst food from the world is being imported, medical waste is being burned, poisons are being spread all over, parks for children are being destroyed, there are more and more sick people

- Health and education systems destroyed, negative selection worse than in communism

- Unconstitutional, discriminatory and unscientific Law on Gender Equality has been adopted

- Rigging elections, as it was done in the first communist elections

- Export of Serbian weapons to Ukraine, the Krusic affair, plane with weapons crash, helicopter crash...

- Serbia has not officially imposed sanctions on Russia, but unofficially it has and does nothing to solve the problem in the transport of goods and money transactions between Russia and Serbia

- The authorities in Belgrade on the side of Croatian revisionists who are reducing the number of Serbian victims in the Ustasha concentration camp Jasenovac and NDH

- The life of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija has become unbearable, Serbs about to disappear from Kosovo and Metoch

- The released convicted for the murder of Slavko Curuvija

- The cases of murdered journalists and judge Nebojsa Simeunovic are still not resolved

- There is no free media, there is only regime and pro-European media

- Red Star and Partizan in even bigger debts, before the SNS came to power we were the best in water polo in the world, today we are nowhere, Red Star fan leaders are spreading business while graffiti "When the army returns to Kosovo" are spreading across Serbia

- The murders of the guards in Topcider are not solved, no one was responsible for the death of Dejan Stojkovic at the Peshter polygon, and the Serbian Army led by NATO announces return of compulsory military term

- The case of missing babies has not been resolved, the most important thing for the centers for social work is to take away a child from their parents in Serbia and give them for adoption to foreigners

- The rights of children and parents are being violated, the right to choice is not respected, the state is interfering with the private life of citizens

- Nobody was responsible for the tragedies in Ribnikar and Dubona and Mali Orasje

- Reality shows are not banned, pronography with violence is the main content in domestic media, movies and series

- Serbia's external debt is growing, more and more citizens of Serbia in debt slavery, fuel price (because of state excise) highest in the region

- Police plan to introduce total control of citizens through video surveillance systems on the streets and through digitalization, such as in China or the UK

Movement for the People and State of Aleksandar Vucic

Bon Appetit!

[natromanxoff]

Here is the interview that has been translated by Google, from the link ‘1′ on this post:

After Freddie Mercury visited Zagreb, it was clear why he was leading two big guys everywhere

By YugoPapir

TODAY, exactly 25 years ago , the great Freddie Mercury passed away , and on that occasion we remember his visit to Zagreb and the interview he gave on that occasion. It was back in 1979 ...

"In a situation of useless concert rock scene (such as at least Belgrade), an interview with one of the world's famous rock stars is a special event. However, although the man is not in a position to choose and has no experience with Jagger, Lennon or Dylan, these conversations are sometimes it comes down to the usual routine of exchanging questions and answers ... Kind me, kind respondent ... I smile, the respondent smiles I ask a question, I know the answer in advance.

Hand on heart, that was exactly what the conversation with the first man of the Queen group was like. Despite the millions of records sold, the sound clearly defined and the status of the stars, the guys from the group do not have a particularly interesting "story" behind them. The only way to do something extraordinary is to try to provoke the interlocutor, but one usually doesn't have the opportunity to do so in such "serially" organized meetings between stars and the press, where a bunch of idle idlers are dragged around without much smarter work in mind.

The press conference was held in "Intercontinental" full of boring luxury and, on this occasion, unusual teams. After a short wait (the stars are always late), the Queen appeared, dressed as employees of an English insurance company on vacation.

After a few moments of doubt, various guys of unknown faces and occupations attacked them. Of course the main victim was Mercury. Honestly, I didn’t expect so many people with tape recorders, notebooks and similar supplies. It is not only clear to me where they will be able to place all this, because I have not seen the results of that journalistic attack anywhere except in "Polet" from an interview done on another occasion.

Maybe it's better not to publish it anywhere because I heard so much nonsense and ignorance in a short time that I felt pity for poor Freddy. Now it is clear to me why he is taking with him two guys, as if removed from the mountain, who were strategically arranged around the front door during the whole press conference.

And finally when the crowd subsided I seized the opportunity to talk to Mercury.

Not particularly tall, black, in a leather jacket and jeans, he looked more like one of the tappers in front of Belgrade cinemas than the world-famous rock old man. Stoic accepted to give an interview for "Jukebox", although over time he approved and became somewhat more exhaustive. I probably bothered him less than the others.

As usual, I started from the beginning ...

"It's a long story. Brian, Roger and I knew each other since we were students. John came later. We had experiences with earlier bands where we played as high school students. When we created Queen we had a clear idea of ​​what we wanted to do and our work today is the evolution of these plans and dreams.We had a very clear guiding star.From the very beginning.

Is it still clear that guiding star after all these successes and millions of records sold?

Why not. The halls where we play are always full, the records are on the charts. Why not?

From the articles we read about you, it could not be said that the critics really like you. What does it look like to be in one of the world’s leading rock bands while at the same time reading how records are being ruthlessly denigrated?

This is the case only with the English press. It could not be said that we live in the best relationship with them. The English today have no choice but to be cynical, which is why the press is like that to us. That’s why you can rarely read our interview at NME or Melody Maker. There is no point in us being a training ground for them. We learned to live with it and, you know, I didn’t care too much about it. Our records sell well. In recent years, a big thing has happened with punk, and we are understood as the total opposite.

One of the main drawbacks is the dependence on technology. Your records are lavishly produced to perfection ...

You can't survive without technology today. Loudspeakers, light instruments and the most ordinary rock band look like an LP&P to a folk group or a symphony orchestra ... Even today they can't survive without technology. Electricity is all around us and you can't avoid it. The production on our records is rich, but I don’t think it’s an end in itself as many want to present. I play a plain piano, John a plain “Fender bass,” only Brian has special “pranks” that I make myself, but that’s not overdone either. The most important thing is that it is all in the service of the idea.

You are all college educated. Do you think that had an impact on this direction of the group. I have noticed that there are prejudices in English newspapers about such groups, in fact about groups that originated from such an environment, starting from “Genesis” onwards?

First of all, we don't have much to do with "Genesis", then such prejudices are the most common nonsense. I don't see any purpose for them. I don't even know that being in college automatically makes us intellectuals.

I have no doubt that you spend a lot of time in the studio preparing the album, that's obvious. You've created some kind of art since filming (interrupts me) ...

We record, than what. That's what everyone does! But we made a style out of it. We do everything in a special way and I think there is imagination. It's specificity, not covering up weaknesses or something like that ... We don't even try to reproduce the sound from our records ... It's hours and hours of work and there are hundreds and hundreds of recorded sections.

The record is one thing, and the concert is quite another. Although some people pass it on to us as a flaw, we are very happy with their gig. It would be a tedious and boring job to always play the same ... At one time we were thinking of introducing assistant musicians to our performances, but I don't think that would work. It is our music and we understand it best. Such a way would only bring us unnecessary problems and obligations.

Can any significant changes in your sound and direction be expected on the next panels. There is a lot of criticism that you got into a certain "gyre" ...

Again about the critics ... we care the least about them! We have created a certain sound, success, image and that is what we are. It is logical for the group to evolve slowly ... It would be stupid to try something radically different ... And that is what the "scribblers" expect to have something to fill the newspaper with. Drastic changes lead nowhere and make no sense. You can't become something else overnight ...

Normally we will change. Whoever has followed our work so far is clear in which direction. This is also evident from our latest albums. There is no longer as much luxury as at "Opera" or "Racing" ... I think that our next albums will develop in that direction.

The group "Queen" is considered to be a very stable formation. No sharper disagreements were heard, and only the drummer had solo outings. Should we expect new solo projects and do they pose a danger to the group?

Although Roger has a lot of experience with solo attempts, I don't see any danger in that for the group "Queen". I think the best we can provide, we provide together. Solo attempts are just a small change of climate and refreshment. There is no special need to try our luck outside the team. When we realize we have nowhere else to go, the group disbands - there are no illusions that it won’t come and we don’t even think about it.

Do you have any information about your audience in Yugoslavia, and does the sale of records in our small market mean anything to you financially?

Well, I've heard from people in our company that we sell a lot of records. Do you see these gold and silver plates we got here? Also, we care that our music is heard all over the world, that everyone listens to it, that's why we perform so much. One should not be blasé ... It is not only important for us to be popular in England, America and Japan ... People are the same everywhere and we like to play for them ... This is just rock'n'roll after all ... "

Interviewed by: Branko Vukojević, filmed by: Dražen Kalenić (Jukebox, 1979)

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.9

694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. 1277 – The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement forced on Llywelyn ap Gruffudd by King Edward I of England, brings a temporary end to the Welsh Wars. 1313 – Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria at the Battle of Gammelsdorf. 1330 – At the Battle of Posada, Basarab I of Wallachia defeats the Hungarian army of Charles I Robert. 1456 – Ulrich II, Count of Celje, last ruler of the County of Cilli, is assassinated in Belgrade. 1520 – More than 50 people are sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath. 1620 – Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. 1688 – Glorious Revolution: William of Orange captures Exeter. 1720 – The synagogue of Judah HeHasid is burned down by Arab creditors, leading to the expulsion of the Ashkenazim from Jerusalem. 1729 – Spain, France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Seville. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: In the Battle of Fishdam Ford a force of British and Loyalist troops fail in a surprise attack against the South Carolina Patriot militia under Brigadier General Thomas Sumter. 1791 – Foundation of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen. 1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming First Consul of the successor Consulate Government. 1851 – Kentucky marshals abduct abolitionist minister Calvin Fairbank from Jeffersonville, Indiana, and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape. 1862 – American Civil War: Union General Ambrose Burnside assumes command of the Army of the Potomac, after George B. McClellan is removed. 1867 – Tokugawa shogunate hands power back to the Emperor of Japan, starting the Meiji Restoration. 1872 – The Great Boston Fire of 1872. 1881 – Mapuche rebels attack the fortified Chilean settlement of Temuco. 1887 – The United States receives rights to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 1900 – Russia completes its occupation of Manchuria with 100,000 troops. 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country. He did so to inspect progress on the Panama Canal. 1907 – The Cullinan Diamond is presented to King Edward VII on his birthday. 1913 – The Great Lakes Storm of 1913, the most destructive natural disaster ever to hit the lakes, reaches its greatest intensity after beginning two days earlier. The storm destroys 19 ships and kills more than 250 people. 1914 – SMS Emden is sunk by HMAS Sydney in the Battle of Cocos. 1917 – Balfour Declaration published in The Times newspaper. 1918 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic. 1923 – In Munich, police and government troops crush the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch. 1935 – The Committee for Industrial Organization, the precursor to the Congress of Industrial Organizations, is founded in Atlantic City, New Jersey, by eight trade unions belonging to the American Federation of Labor. 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Army withdraws from the Battle of Shanghai. 1938 – Kristallnacht: the 1938 national pogrom instigated by the Nazis, using the excuse of the death from gunshot wounds of the Nazi German diplomat Ernst vom Rath, fired by Herschel Grynszpan. 1940 – Warsaw is awarded the Virtuti Militari by the Polish government-in-exile. 1953 – Cambodia gains independence from France. 1960 – Robert McNamara is named president of Ford Motor Company, the first non-Ford to serve in that post. A month later, he resigned to join the administration of newly elected John F. Kennedy. 1963 – At Miike coal mine, Miike, Japan, an explosion kills 458, and hospitalises 839 with carbon monoxide poisoning. 1965 – Several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 hours in the Northeast blackout of 1965. 1965 – A Catholic Worker Movement member, Roger Allen LaPorte, protesting against the Vietnam War, sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building. 1967 – Apollo program: NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft, atop the first Saturn V rocket, from Florida's Cape Kennedy. 1970 – Vietnam War: The Supreme Court of the United States votes 6–3 against hearing a case to allow Massachusetts to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war. 1979 – Cold War: Nuclear false alarm: The NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland detected purported massive Soviet nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the early-warning radars, the alert is cancelled. 1985 – Garry Kasparov, 22, of the Soviet Union becomes the youngest World Chess Champion by beating fellow Soviet Anatoly Karpov. 1989 – Cold War: Fall of the Berlin Wall: East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall, allowing its citizens to travel to West Berlin. 1993 – Stari Most, the "old bridge" in the Bosnian city of Mostar, built in 1566, collapses after several days of bombing by Croat forces during the Croat–Bosniak War. 1994 – The chemical element darmstadtium is discovered. 1998 – A U.S. federal judge, in the largest civil settlement in American history, orders 37 U.S. brokerage houses to pay US$1.03 billion to cheated NASDAQ investors to compensate for price fixing. 1998 – Capital punishment in the United Kingdom, already abolished for murder, is completely abolished for all remaining capital offences. 1999 – TAESA Flight 725 crashes after takeoff from Uruapan International Airport in Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico, killing all 18 people on board. 2000 – Uttarakhand officially becomes the 27th state of India, formed from thirteen districts of northwestern Uttar Pradesh. 2004 – Firefox 1.0 is released. 2005 – The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. 2005 – Suicide bombers attack three hotels in Amman, Jordan, killing at least 60 people. 2012 – A train carrying liquid fuel crashes and bursts into flames in northern Myanmar, killing 27 people and injuring 80 others. 2012 – At least 27 people are killed and dozens are wounded in conflicts between inmates and guards at Welikada prison in Colombo. 2020 – Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: an armistice agreement is signed by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia.

[lindsaynsmith]

The Man Who Kept Yugoslav Independent Cinema Going

The Man Who Kept Yugoslav Independent Cinema Going https://ift.tt/2S0X46y

The Man Who Kept Yugoslav Independent Cinema Going

A retrospective at the MoMA offers a rare glimpse into the manifold art of the half-Slovenian, half-Macedonian image-maker, Karpo Godina.

Litany of Happy People. Courtesy of Karpo Godina.

Director of photography, screenwriter, film director and also editor, Karpo Godina is the humanist cogwheel that for over fifty years has kept the anomalous machine of (post-)Yugoslav independent cinema going, in directions none has ever been able to predict. Creative exuberance and insolence have constituted the essence of a regional production still criminally underrated, not least because underground directors in Yugoslavia were among the very few to be censored on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Though less prominent than filmmakers like Dušan Makavejev or Želimir Žilnik, Karpo Godina has intersected and nourished the cinema of his colleagues in an ongoing testament to his artistic generosity, uncompromising vision and anti-authorial vocation. Films like Žilnik’s Early Works (1969) would not be the same without his photography, which forever captured the visionary lights of the Yugoslavian ‘Black Wave.’ A small retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art, coinciding with the exhibition Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia 1948–1980, will afford a rare glimpse into the manifold art of this half-Slovenian, half-Macedonian, once Yugoslavian image-maker. 

Like many people from his generation, Godina was raised on a peculiar film diet that after Tito’s breakaway from Stalinist hegemony included old American movies, one of which, Bathing Beauty (1944), he used for the opening of his 1982 film Red Boogie. This partly explains the aesthetic unorthodoxy that still characterizes his and his colleagues work. When still studying, Godina founded with some friends the ‘Odsev’ cineclub at the Ljubljana Academy in 1962, part of a then-thriving scene of ‘amateur’ filmmakers that would later coalesce into the infamous Yugoslavian ‘Black Wave’: a derogatory term coined by the regime describing what Godina himself prefers to call ‘New Yugoslav Cinema.’ 

His early experimental shorts from 1965–67 not only offer an insight into Godina’s playful craft, but transport the spectator into the earthly modernism of ‘60s Yugoslavia��so far removed from the prejudicial image of the grey socialist bloc. Here Godina transposes the electrifying mood of the streets, the cafes and just plain daily life through both photography and editing which, having been realized by the same person, enfold in symbiotic relation. Some of these early shorts, like Anno Passato, were even edited in-camera. The hand-held immediacy of his early works gradually gave way to his trademark tableaux, where after having framed the canvas in front of his static camera he fills it with action, diagonally, vertically and horizontally. Contemplation thus happens on two levels, in constant dialectical contrast, on the one hand the spectator is drawn by the immaculate symmetry of the frame while on the other is stimulated by the absurdist movements taking place within. Exemplary in this respect is one of his most celebrated films, at least abroad, Zdravi Ljudi Za Razonodu (Litany of Happy People), where Godina gathers in front of his camera the multi-confessional and poly-ethnic precariousness of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslavian national motto “Fraternity and Unity” is subversively questioned, as six different ethnic minorities parade in front of his camera cheerfully singing how much they love each other. In the Vojvodina region where the film was shot, over thirty different ethnic groups lived together and yet separately, Godina having chosen the most numerous communities for his oblique, ethnographic musical. Twenty years before the country was to be lacerated by a brutal, internecine war, the director was already highlighting the fragility of inter-ethnic coexistence in a land which has historically represented the frontier between occidental and oriental influences. The film ends with the lapidary sentence “let the Eastern Block as whole/be buried deep in a hole.”

The Raft of Medusa. Courtesy of the Slovenian Cinematheque.

The situation for independent filmmakers in Yugoslavia was singular, on the one hand they were not subjected to any form of censorship (except in a very few and boundary-pushing cases) and their films were allowed to national and international festivals, but did not receive wider distribution. “Our region wasn’t hermetically sealed as one commonly assumes,” Godina noted, which for local filmmakers meant exposure to both eastern and western new waves, aesthetic cross-breeding and autonomous elaboration of a vast, unorthodox palette. Conversely, filmmakers from all the world would went to Yugoslav festivals to present their films. It was during one of these festivals in Belgrade that Godina recruited a few of his colleagues for the omnibus film I Miss Sonia Heine (1971). Tinto Brass, Miloš Forman, Frederick Wiseman, Mladomir Djordjevic, Paul Morrisey, Buck Henry, and Dušan Makavejev were all given by the filmmaker a set of restrictions. The camera had to be static and only film one thing, the duration was not to exceed 3 minutes and the camera was the same for everyone. Each director had to include the sentence “I miss Sonia Heine” in his film. Godina then edited the whole things together. Paul Morrisey met on this set the protagonist of his Flesh for Frankenstein (1973), Srdjan Zelenovic, who would also end up on the cover of Vogue. The party apparatus of the Union of Communists stated: “not only do we invite the most decadent filmmakers from the West to our country, moreover Karpo facilitates the realisation of their decadent projects on Yugoslav costs.”  

In 1972 Godina received an internal memorandum forbidding him to direct films in any of the Yugoslav Republics. Thankfully he could shoot and edit, so his colleagues made sure he continued to make a living with cinema. In 1980, on the eve of Tito’s death the atmosphere was already loosening and the director managed to have his first directorial project in eight years greenlighted by TV Belgrade and Viba Film, a production company from Ljubljana. Splav Meduze (The Raft of Medusa, 1980) is a fictional recreation of the avant-garde scene in 1920s Yugoslavia when Serbian Dadaists and Surrealists attempted to stir a struggling population, then mostly rural, still recovering from WWI. As Godina himself has suggested, the film, despite its historical setting, was very much a take on that crucial moment for the history of communist Yugoslavia. “Those who knew how to read between the lines could see it all,” said the director about what was effectively his first feature length film. Splav Meduze in fact also tackles the co-optation of radical art at the hands of the establishment, a theme as relevant in socialist Yugoslavia as it is in the democratic western world. Which is precisely the vital strength of Godina’s work and the New Yugoslav Cinema more generally, the ability to challenge the aesthetic and political restrictions that thwart creativity under any political regime, be it of the centralized or democratic kind. Unfortunately, it is a lesson that couldn’t be timelier, now that western democracies, after having exercised their liberal superiority complex, are falling on by one into the darkness of neo-totalitarians. 

Karpo Godina plays October 19–25, 2018 at New York's Museum of Modern Art.

via The Daily Notebook https://ift.tt/KPhYBm October 19, 2018 at 04:05AM

[kathleenseiber]

Ebenezer Howard gives us the garden city

Think of the world’s great cities and the word “plan” does not come readily to mind. Most show scant signs of intelligent organisation, their organic growth resembling ivy spreading alongside a footpath, directed by whim as much as by geography.

Ebenezer Howard, in his garden, in 1826. Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Social scientists now recognise that along with establishing a physical space, cities need to accommodate environmental and social systems such as schools, transport, housing, employment and sanitary requirements.

In the International Encyclopaedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Robert Freestone, from Sydney’s University of New South Wales, writes that: “On balance, urban planning initiatives have meant that a significant proportion of humanity on every continent found itself living in better circumstances at the end of the twentieth century than at the beginning.”

In the same book, Naomi Carmon, from the Israel Institute of Technology, writes that the aim of early city planning initiatives was to “make the city and its neighbourhoods safe, sanitary, economically efficient, and socially attractive”.

The prominent figure at the beginning this city planning movement, Carmon suggests, is Ebenezer Howard, whose 1902 book, Garden City of Tomorrow, “influenced 20th-century urban planning more than any other publication”.

In his 1982 book, Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier, author Robert Fishman says, “Of the three planners discussed here, Ebenezer Howard is the least known and the most influential.”

“If Howard’s achievements continue to grow in importance,’ he adds, “Howard the man remains virtually unknown.”

The man was born in London, England, on 29 January 1850, but in 1871 emigrated to the US, where he tried, but failed, to make a go at farming in Nebraska.

He’d left school at 15 and found work in London as a stenographer, so when his US farming efforts were unsuccessful, he moved to Chicago and returned to shorthand as a court reporter and newspaper stenographer. When he returned to London in 1876 he worked for the Hansard company as a Parliamentary reporter.

Max Steuer, writing in the June 2000 edition of the British Journal of Sociology, in a paper titled “A hundred years of town planning and the influence of Ebenezer Howard”, says Howard “had no particular educational background, but always took an interest in social movements”.

The idea for which Howard is renowned is his scheme for “garden cities”, several of which were built and exist in Britain and the US, along with many of the principles he established being adopted around the world.

Ebenezer Howard’s original garden city concept. Credit: Wikimedia Commons

A 2019 paper by Dragica Gataric from the University of Belgrade, in Serbia, says Howard “proposed the establishment of a new city type in order to remove/reduce the differences between rural and urban settlements”.

Gataric says Howard envisioned these garden cities as environmentally friendly places with the economic and cultural advantages of city life as well as ecological advantages of rural areas.

Howard planned his garden city in fine detail, down to the number of inhabitants – about 32,000 – and layout. There was to be six boulevards radiating out from a city centre, circular in shape with park and public buildings, dividing the city into six equal housing units, each of which including a school and about 5000 inhabitants. Factories, workshops, warehouses, and the like would be located along the city’s periphery, alongside a circular railroad that would surround the city.

Gataric says Howard introduced zoning into the city planning process, such as industrial, residential, public space and green areas, “with the idea that they should be spatially separated units”.

If the garden city was to reach its capacities by its spatial and demographic development, she says, a new garden city would be built on the outskirts of that home city.

“The city would be surrounded by a ‘spatial wall’ – a green belt (intended for agriculture and recreation), whose function would be to limit population and spatial expansion (urban growth), as well as to provide the urban population with immediate proximity to greenery and the agricultural environment. It would also be a sports and recreation zone.”

Howard continued as a Hansard reporter for all of his working life. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1924.

He died on 1 May 1928 in one of his own creations, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England.

Ebenezer Howard gives us the garden city published first on https://triviaqaweb.weebly.com/

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[mariacallous]

Serbia’s Higher Prosecution Office has been shaken again, this time by accusations about forged statements. Zeljka Nikolaidis, a prosecutor for organised crime in the Higher Public Prosecution, confirmed to BIRN that her alleged statement used in a disciplinary complaint against her superior, Nenad Stefanovic, and his deputy, Brankica Maric, was forged.

The statement was submitted without her signature, with the Prosecution Office facsimile misused without her knowledge during her vacation, she said.

Her alleged statement, which she called “80 per cent inaccurate”, was used in favour of Stefanovic and Maric in a disciplinary case initiated by two other prosecutors who were previously moved from their posts against their will while leading a corruption case involving a company linked to the ruling party.

The disciplinary case against Stefanovic and Maric, who were previously accused of favouring the ruling party, was dismissed.

“I cannot say who did it but my logic says that it was probably those who had an interest to do that. The disciplinary case was against Stefanovic and Maric. My statement likely influenced that case against them being dropped,” Nikolaidis told BIRN. She added that she will ask for the removal of her statement.

“This is a serious criminal offence and the Prosecution for Organised Crime needs to react,” she said.

Nikolaidis resigned a month ago as chief of the Special Department for the fight against corruption in the Public Prosecutors Office but has remained to work as a prosecutor.

The stir in the Higher Public Prosecutor’s Office started in February when two prosecutors – Bojana Savovic and Jasmina Paunovic – who had worked on a corruption case in EPS, the state-owned electric power company, were transferred to other positions.

Their removal came after the police arrested six people suspected of having lost EPS $7.5 million during the performance of works at the thermal power plant Kostolac B. Some of the suspects were employees of a company long linked with the ruling Serbian Progressive Party.

Prosecutor Stefanovic and his associate Maric denied a political motivation for the removals but giving several conflicting explanations about the reasons for transferring the prosecutors in the middle of an operation to arrest the suspects.

The Association of Prosecutors of Serbia has backed Savovic and Petrovic, while a protest was held in Belgrade in their support with calls for the independence of judiciary.

[vignaniasacademy]

04-05-2020 Current Affairs & Daily News Analysis

WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX 2020 The latest survey of Reporters Without Borders shows India dropping two places on the global press freedom index ranking to 142nd on the list of 180 countries. Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka are ranked higher.

Key highlights of the Index: Norway tops the Index for the fourth year in a row in 2020, while Finland is again the runner-up. North Korea (down 1 at 180th) has taken the last position from Turkmenistan, while Eritrea (178th) continues to be Africa’s worst-ranked country. Indian scenario: The report “The World Press Freedom Index 2020” said that with no murders of journalists in India in 2019, as against six in 2018, the security situation for the country's media might seem, on the face of it, to have improved. However, there have been constant press freedom violations, including police violence against journalists, ambushes by political activists, and reprisals instigated by criminal groups or corrupt local officials.  Important Info : Reporters Without Borders? Reporters Sans Frontieres (RSF), or Reporters Without Borders, is a Paris-based non-profit organisation that works to document and combat attacks on journalists around the world.Its key publications are:World Press Freedom IndexPredators of Press FreedomPress Freedom Barometer  Source : The Hindu ( Polity & GOvernance ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy WORLD PRESS FREEDOM DAY The 27th celebration of World Press Freedom Day was organized by UNESCO.

About: History: World Press Freedom Day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in December 1993, following the recommendation of UNESCO's General Conference. Date of observance: Since then, 3 May, the anniversary of the Declaration of Windhoek is celebrated worldwide as World Press Freedom Day. Objective of the Day: To celebrate the fundamental principles of press freedom, assess the state of press freedom throughout the world, defend the media from attacks on their independence, and pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in the line of duty. Important Info : World Press Freedom Prize (UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize)? Objective: The Prize, honours a person or institution who contributed to freedom of press, esp. in the face of danger.Bodies involved: The Prize was established on the initiative of UNESCO's Executive Board and is formally conferred by the Director-General of the Organization.When awarded? The prize, created in 1997, is awarded each year on the occasion of World Press Freedom Day on 3 May.Cash Prize: $25000 Prize.Name: The prize is named after Guillermo Cano Isaza, a Colombian journalist, who was murdered in 1986. He was a vocal critic of the country's powerful drug barons.  Source : All India Radio ( Polity & Governance ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR SATELLITE TV CHANNELS Centre has issued draft new rules for satellite TV channels.

About: To overhaul its nine-year-old uplink and downlink policy for private satellite TV channels, the Information and Broadcasting Ministry has issued draft guidelines. The Ministry has listed out 11 violations. These violations include:Delay or non-intimation to the Ministry about change in the shareholding pattern of the company, appointment of a Director without prior permission of the Ministry, non-removal of a Director who has been denied security clearance or showing dual logo/logo or name not permitted by the Ministry. For any of the 11 violations, the penalty ranges from warning, prohibition to broadcast up to 10 days and even cancellation of permission. All channels have to take security clearance from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), which was the case earlier too. Once granted, the clearance is valid for 10 years. However, the MHA can withdraw the clearance which would mean that the permission to uplink would stand terminated automatically. A welcome change is the relaxation offered for non-news category channels to broadcast live events. Instead of seeking permission, now the channel merely has to register online at Broadcast Seva with the necessary document five days prior to the telecast.  Source : The Hindu ( Science & Technology ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy COBRA HATCHLINGS Snake specialists have warned that, even Cobra hatchlings are lethal. Warning comes after video of a Malayalam actor holding a hatchling on her palm goes viral.

About: The young cobra has enough venom, fully developed fangs and a poison delivery system sufficient enough to kill an adult person or cause serious health risks. The cobra venom is neurotoxic. Cobra is one of the four venomous snakes that accounts for most of the snakebite deaths in India. Russell’s viper, Saw-scaled viper and the Common krait are the other members of the lethal league. Snakes hatch towards the end of summer months and the chance of encountering them were higher during the monsoon period. Most cases of snakebite occurred during monsoon.  Source : The Hindu ( Environment ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy BHARATMARKET Traders' body Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT) has announced to launch a national e-commerce marketplace 'bharatmarket' soon for all retail traders in collaboration with several technology partners.

About: The marketplace will integrate capabilities of various technology companies to provide end-to-end services in the logistics and supply chains from manufacturers to end consumers, including deliveries at home. The e-commerce portal will include a nationwide participation by retailers and aims to bring 95 per cent of retail traders onboard the platform, who would exclusively run the portal. The initiative has had active support and guidance of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, as they see this as an effective way to get essential commodities to consumers during the lockdown period and within containment zones.  Source : All India Radio ( Economy ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM) Prime Minister Narendra Modi will participate in the Virtual Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit through Video Conferencing on May 4, 2020. The summit will discuss the enhanced coordination of the member states in their fight against the coronavirus pandemic. About: The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. NAM represents the biggest grouping of countries outside the United Nations comprising 120 developing countries from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Drawing on the principles agreed at the Bandung Conference in 1955, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries was founded on a wider geographical basis at the First Summit Conference of Belgrade, which was held on September 1-6, 1961. India is one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), which was established in 1961 with 29 members.  Source : All India Radio ( International ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL (CAT) The Centre clarified that all service matters of the employees of the Central government and the Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh will be heard by the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) Bench of Jammu and Kashmir instead of Chandigarh Bench.

About: Constitutional backing: The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) had been established under Article 323 - A of the Constitution. Mandate: To adjudicate disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or other authorities under the control of the Government. Benches: There are 17 Benches and 21 Circuit Benches in the Central Administrative Tribunal all over India. In addition, the Central Administrative Tribunal, Principal Bench is dealing with the matters of Govt. of National Capital Territory of Delhi. Under Section 17 of the Administrative Tribunal Act, 1985, the Tribunal has been conferred with the power to exercise the same jurisdiction and authority in respect of contempt of itself as a High Court. The Tribunal is guided by the principles of natural justice in deciding cases and is not bound by the procedure, prescribed by the Civil Procedure Code. Salaries and Allowances and Conditions of Service of the officers and other employees of the Tribunal are specified by the Central Government. Source : The Hindu ( Polity & Governance ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy Daily Current affairs and News Analysis Best IAS Coaching institutes in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy Contact Vignan IAS Academy Enroll For IAS Foundation Course from Best IFS Academy in Bangalore Read the full article

[katsubara1984]

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[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.9

694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. 1277 – The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement forced on Llywelyn ap Gruffudd by King Edward I of England, brings a temporary end to the Welsh Wars. 1313 – Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria at the Battle of Gammelsdorf. 1330 – At the Battle of Posada, Basarab I of Wallachia defeats the Hungarian army of Charles I Robert. 1456 – Ulrich II, Count of Celje, last ruler of the County of Cilli, is assassinated in Belgrade. 1520 – More than 50 people are sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath. 1620 – Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. 1688 – Glorious Revolution: William of Orange captures Exeter. 1720 – The synagogue of Judah HeHasid is burned down by Arab creditors, leading to the expulsion of the Ashkenazim from Jerusalem. 1729 – Spain, France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Seville. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: In the Battle of Fishdam Ford a force of British and Loyalist troops fail in a surprise attack against the South Carolina Patriot militia under Brigadier General Thomas Sumter. 1791 – Foundation of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen. 1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming First Consul of the successor Consulate Government. 1851 – Kentucky marshals abduct abolitionist minister Calvin Fairbank from Jeffersonville, Indiana, and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape. 1862 – American Civil War: Union General Ambrose Burnside assumes command of the Army of the Potomac, after George B. McClellan is removed. 1867 – Tokugawa shogunate hands power back to the Emperor of Japan, starting the Meiji Restoration. 1872 – The Great Boston Fire of 1872. 1881 – Mapuche rebels attack the fortified Chilean settlement of Temuco. 1887 – The United States receives rights to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 1900 – Russia completes its occupation of Manchuria with 100,000 troops. 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country. He did so to inspect progress on the Panama Canal. 1907 – The Cullinan Diamond is presented to King Edward VII on his birthday. 1913 – The Great Lakes Storm of 1913, the most destructive natural disaster ever to hit the lakes, reaches its greatest intensity after beginning two days earlier. The storm destroys 19 ships and kills more than 250 people. 1914 – SMS Emden is sunk by HMAS Sydney in the Battle of Cocos. 1918 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic. 1923 – In Munich, police and government troops crush the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch. 1935 – The Committee for Industrial Organization, the precursor to the Congress of Industrial Organizations, is founded in Atlantic City, New Jersey, by eight trade unions belonging to the American Federation of Labor. 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Army withdraws from the Battle of Shanghai. 1938 – Kristallnacht: the 1938 national pogrom instigated by the Nazis, using the excuse of the death from gunshot wounds of the Nazi German diplomat Ernst vom Rath, fired by Herschel Grynszpan. 1940 – Warsaw is awarded the Virtuti Militari by the Polish government-in-exile. 1953 – Cambodia gains independence from France. 1960 – Robert McNamara is named president of Ford Motor Company, the first non-Ford to serve in that post. A month later, he resigned to join the administration of newly elected John F. Kennedy. 1963 – At Miike coal mine, Miike, Japan, an explosion kills 458, and hospitalises 839 with carbon monoxide poisoning. 1965 – Several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 hours in the Northeast blackout of 1965. 1965 – A Catholic Worker Movement member, Roger Allen LaPorte, protesting against the Vietnam War, sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building. 1967 – Apollo program: NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft, atop the first Saturn V rocket, from Florida's Cape Kennedy. 1970 – Vietnam War: The Supreme Court of the United States votes 6–3 against hearing a case to allow Massachusetts to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war. 1979 – Cold War: Nuclear false alarm: The NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland detected purported massive Soviet nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the early-warning radars, the alert is cancelled. 1985 – Garry Kasparov, 22, of the Soviet Union becomes the youngest World Chess Champion by beating fellow Soviet Anatoly Karpov. 1989 – Cold War: Fall of the Berlin Wall: East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall, allowing its citizens to travel to West Berlin. 1993 – Stari Most, the "old bridge" in the Bosnian city of Mostar, built in 1566, collapses after several days of bombing by Croat forces during the Croat–Bosniak War. 1994 – The chemical element darmstadtium is discovered. 1998 – A U.S. federal judge, in the largest civil settlement in American history, orders 37 U.S. brokerage houses to pay US$1.03 billion to cheated NASDAQ investors to compensate for price fixing. 1998 – Capital punishment in the United Kingdom, already abolished for murder, is completely abolished for all remaining capital offences. 1999 – TAESA Flight 725 crashes after takeoff from Uruapan International Airport in Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico, killing all 18 people on board. 2000 – Uttarakhand officially becomes the 27th state of India, formed from thirteen districts of northwestern Uttar Pradesh. 2004 – Firefox 1.0 is released. 2005 – The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. 2005 – Suicide bombers attack three hotels in Amman, Jordan, killing at least 60 people. 2012 – A train carrying liquid fuel crashes and bursts into flames in northern Myanmar, killing 27 people and injuring 80 others. 2012 – At least 27 people are killed and dozens are wounded in conflicts between inmates and guards at Welikada prison in Colombo. 2019 – Kartarpur Corridor was started by India and Pakistan. 2020 – Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: an armistice agreement was signed between Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia that ended the war.

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Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut Free Credit Repair Counseling call (888) 502-1260 remove bankruptcy, free consumer report, fix bad credit, check your annual Equifax, TransUnion, Experian credit report.

Call Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut credit repair (888) 502-1260 to see how we really actually work. Why is it so common to hear that bad credit can’t be repaired? What does the law say about repairing your credit? What is the truth about credit repair companies? Can they really do what they say they can do? How do you go about completely repairing your credit and getting new credit lines, mortgages, etc.? Can you add good credit to your credit report by having another person add you as an authorized user to one of their credit cards? Why is it so common to hear that bad credit can’t be repaired?

Credit is a way of life in Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut. Without good credit, you have to take your seat in the second-class section of our economy. But, if your credit is in shambles, you may not be willing to wait for seven years while your credit report repairs itself.

Is there anything you can do to speed your credit repair? Many authorities, such as the news media, will tell you there is nothing you can do to repair your credit. Newspapers, magazines, and TV news journals all seem to be unanimous in discouraging you from making any effort to repair your credit before the seven year limit.

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from Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut Credit Repair | (888) 502-1260 via Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut Credit Repair | (888) 502-1260 June 18, 2019 at 03:53AM Copyright © June 18, 2019 at 03:53AM

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Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut Credit Repair | (888) 502-1260

Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut Free Credit Repair Counseling call (888) 502-1260 remove bankruptcy, free consumer report, fix bad credit, check your annual Equifax, TransUnion, Experian credit report.

Call Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut credit repair (888) 502-1260 to see how we really actually work. Why is it so common to hear that bad credit can’t be repaired? What does the law say about repairing your credit? What is the truth about credit repair companies? Can they really do what they say they can do? How do you go about completely repairing your credit and getting new credit lines, mortgages, etc.? Can you add good credit to your credit report by having another person add you as an authorized user to one of their credit cards? Why is it so common to hear that bad credit can’t be repaired?

Credit is a way of life in Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut. Without good credit, you have to take your seat in the second-class section of our economy. But, if your credit is in shambles, you may not be willing to wait for seven years while your credit report repairs itself.

Is there anything you can do to speed your credit repair? Many authorities, such as the news media, will tell you there is nothing you can do to repair your credit. Newspapers, magazines, and TV news journals all seem to be unanimous in discouraging you from making any effort to repair your credit before the seven year limit.

  https://creditrepaircalifornia.blogspot.com/p/belgrade-lakes-maine-credit-repair-888.html?m=1

  https://youtu.be/jxunnjpfzas

      https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX58k-cv8eStlHz7RbuvmiQ/about

    https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX58k-cv8eStlHz7RbuvmiQ/about

  https://youtu.be/jxunnjpfzas

    copyright © 2016 Privacy Policy

from Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut Credit Repair | (888) 502-1260 via Brookside Ave Bridgeport, Connecticut Credit Repair | (888) 502-1260 June 18, 2019 at 03:53AM Copyright © June 18, 2019 at 03:53AM