#pontificalis

[rausule]

Sylvester II

Die verhaal van Gerbert d'Aurillac / Sylvester II het nie met sy dood geëindig nie. Na dié van S. Giovanni in Laterano het twee ander veertiende-eeuse inskripsies, wat in S. Croce in Gerusalemme geplaas is, die draad opgeneem van 'n geskiedkundige episode wat, reg vanaf die dood van Gerbert, met ondenkbare en uitsonderlike krag begin het. Dit is die ander Gerbert, die een van sy mite, die een van die mite van sy wysheid, so onnavolgbaar in die eeu, so uniek, so voorbode van kwaadwillige toeskrywings. Die mite van Gerbert is 'n ander hoofstuk in die bestaan ​​van hierdie enigmatiese en titaniese karakter wie se singulariteit in die ongelykheid van sy kultuur lê. 'n Kultuur wat werke soos Meetkunde, die Liber de rationali et ratione uti, die Epistolae, die Opera mathematica, die Acta Concilii Remensis ad Sanctum Basolum, die Libellus de corpore et sanguine Domini (toegeskryf, maar deur Erigero di Lobbes), die Sermo de informatione episcoporum, die Decreta, die Diplomata. In die Liber pontificalis, waar die biografieë van al die pouse versamel is, het 'n diaken in die vyftiende eeu die nota oor die lewe van Sylvester II geskryf: «Sy naam was Gerbert, hy was 'n monnik in die bisdom Aurillac; maar nadat hy die klooster verlaat het, het hy hulde aan die duiwel gebring sodat alles sou verloop net soos hy wou, en die duiwel het belowe». Dit wil amper voorkom asof die biograaf van die Liber pontificalis die pragtige epigraaf van Sergius IV weerspreek, maar daar word reeds 'n geruime tyd in Europa gesê dat Gerbert danksy die gunste van die duiwel so beroemd en magtig geword het. Anglo-skrywers van die twaalfde eeu skryf aan hom die besit van 'n magiese pratende kop toe wat hy voor enige onderneming of besluit sou geraadpleeg het; in werklikheid is dit heliopile (houers wat gedeeltelik gevul is met water wat, wanneer dit gekook word, sissende geluide uit die krake voortbring) wat deur Gerberto gebou is. Ander bronne beskryf hom as 'n sjamaan wat in staat is om geheimsinnige gange te open om die kelders van antieke Rome binne te gaan waar hy kamers en inwoners van goud ontdek het (mite van Octavianus se skatte); in ander tekste word gesê dat hy 'n slaaf van die Bose is wat hom in die vorm van 'n vrou verlei (mite van Meridiana). Die eerste Middeleeuse voorbeeld van die mite van die 'geteisterde' Aristoteles (wys, maar 'n slaaf van die hartstogte), Gerbert, nuwe Salomo, en buitengewone hoofstuk van die Middeleeuse mite van Salomo ondergaan ook die afstomping van die sintuie. Sy kennis van die artes mechanicae, van algebra, van sterrekunde, van meetkunde, van musiek, fabriseer die ideale geval van die oortreding van die wyse man, en sy volgelinge is Gerbertiste, abasiste genoem, asof hulle die fout van die oorskryding van die toegelate grense van kennis, geglo onherbergsaam vir God

Dr De Beer

[thepastisalreadywritten]

SAINT OF THE DAY (October 26)

Saint Evaristus was the son of a Greek Jew, originally from Bethlehem, and was the sixth Pope of the Catholic Church.

He is traditionally considered a martyr, but there is no documentation of the event. He is buried in the Vatican, near Saint Peter.

Saint Evaristus succeeded Saint Anacletus as pope. The text of the Liber Pontificalis says of him:

“Evaristus, born in Greece of a Jewish father named Juda, originally from the city of Bethlehem, reigned for thirteen years, six months and two days, under the reigns of Domitian, Nerva and Trajan, from the Consulate of Valens and Veter (96) until that of Gallus and Bradua (108).

This pontiff divided among the priests the titles of the city of Rome. By a constitution, he established seven deacons who were to assist the bishop and serve as authentic witnesses for him.

During the three ordinations that he conducted in the month of December, he promoted six priests, two deacons and five bishops, destined for various churches.

Evaristus received the crown of martyrdom. He was buried near the body of Blessed Peter in the Vatican, on the sixth day of the Calends of November (25 October 108).

The episcopal throne remained vacant for nineteen days.”

Pope Saint Evaristus is assumed to have given his life by martyrdom at the same time as Saint Ignatius of Antioch.

He is often represented with a sword because he was decapitated, or with a crib, because it is believed that he was born in Bethlehem, from which his father emigrated.

[wonder-worker]

"Angelberga, wife of Louis II, had a very active role both during her reign and her widowhood. She is considered as an extraordinarily charismatic figure, for she embodied all the aspects of a queen’s powers: political, relational and patrimonial."

-Roberta Cimino, Italian Queens in the Ninth and T3nth Centuries (PHD Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014) / Patricia Skinner, Women in Medieval Italy 500-1200

"Angelberga’s career has received a certain amount of attention from scholars. When she married Louis II she obtained land from her husband in eastern Lombardy and western Emilia, as her will of 879 shows. She and Louis became the heads of a government which moved round with them, and it is clear that she shared in his power. Odegaard cites her role in diplomatic missions and in warfare as evidence of her prominence. She also intervened in disputes between Louis and his brother Lothar, as well as between the latter and the pope. Her relationship with Pope John VIII was particularly close, and several extant papal letters were addressed to her. In 874 she was commended into papal protection.

Angelberga and the two monasteries of St Salvator at Brescia (the royal convent) and St Clement Casauria (founded in 873) were the only recipients of large land donations from Louis. Louis died in 875 without a son. In his last years his nobles, ‘regarding Engelberge as hateful because of her insolence’, had [unsuccessfully] petitioned him to divorce Angelberga in favour of the daughter of the count of Siena. This was clearly owing to the fact that she had only two daughters by Louis, Ermengard, who went on to control St Salvator, and Gisela, who predeceased her parents in 868. However, her position was much stronger than such a challenge suggests. Bougard points out that of eighteen precepts issued by Louis between 855 and 874, eight were addressed to Angelberga. She was responsible for the foundation of the female house of St Sistus in Piacenza, and her position as a powerful patron is clear. She also controlled the royal house of St Salvator/St Julia at Brescia. Both houses were to function as places of refuge for her and her daughter, if necessary, reflecting earlier patterns of monastic foundations with protective duties towards female kin. Besides her ecclesiastical contacts, Angelberga also worked for her own family. Her kinsman Suppo was recompensed for his mission to Constantinople in 869/870 with the duchy of Spoleto, which probably owed as much to his kinship with the empress as to his work there. Angelberga also procured the deposition of the bishop of Piacenza, Seufrid, in favour of her nephew Paul, provoking a reaction from Pope Nicholas I (although the Liber Pontificalis is silent on the issue)."

[troybeecham]

Today the Church honors Pope St. Clement I of Rome.

Ora pro nobis.

Pope Clement I, also known as Saint Clement of Rome, is counted as one of the Apostolic Fathers of the Church, along with St. Polycarp and St. Ignatius of Antioch. Few details are known with certainty about Clement's life.

Tradition says that when he was still a young man from a wealthy family, the news of Jesus and His teaching began to reach the capital, Rome. Clement left his home and estate and went to the lands where the Apostles were preaching. At Alexandria, Clement met the holy Apostle Barnabas, listening to his words with deep attention, and perceiving the power and truth of the Word of God. Seeking deeper knowledge, he traveled then to Israel, where he met and was baptized by the holy Apostle Peter and became his zealous disciple and constant companion, sharing his toil and sufferings with him.

Shortly before his own sufferings and death, Saint Peter consecrated Saint Clement as Bishop of Rome. After the death of the Apostle Peter, Saint Linus (AD 67-79) was the next Bishop of Rome, succeeded by Saint Anacletus/Cletus (AD 79-91), and then Saint Clement (AD 88-c. 99). Early church lists place him as the second or third bishop of Rome. The Roman Catholic Church lists him as the fourth pope. In one of his works, Jerome listed Clement as "the fourth bishop of Rome after Peter, if indeed the second was Linus and the third Anacletus, although most of the Latins think that Clement was second after the apostle." Clement is put after Linus and Cletus/Anacletus in the earliest (c. AD 180) account, that of St. Irenaeus, who is followed by St. Eusebius of Caesarea.

The Liber Pontificalis presents a list that makes Linus the second in the line of bishops of Rome, with Peter as first; but at the same time it states that Peter ordained two bishops, Linus and Anacletus, for the priestly service of the community, devoting himself instead to prayer and preaching, and that it was to Clement that he entrusted the Church as a whole, appointing him as his successor. Tertullian considered Clement to be the immediate successor of Peter. St. Eusebius, in his book Church History, mentions Clement as the third bishop of Rome and the "co-laborer" of Paul.

Clement’s inclusion in these lists has been very controversial among scholars. Many scholars point out that there were priest-bishops as early as the 1st century AD, but there is no evidence for a monarchical episcopacy in Rome or anywhere else, such as we have now, at such an early date. It is, however, probable that the Church at Rome had at first two apostolic successions, one Petrine and the other Pauline, but that they speedily merged into one; and this will account for the confusion in the lists of the first bishops of Rome. This has led to speculation that, given the overlapping dates of Linus, Anacletus, and Clement, perhaps St. Peter appointed Clement as overseer (bishop) of the Jewish Christians of Rome and St. Paul appointed Linus and then Anacletus as overseer of the Gentiles Christians of Rome.

The virtuous life, charitable works and prayerful activity of Saint Clement converted many to the Faith. He once baptized 424 people on the day of Pascha (Easter). Among the baptized were people of all social classes: slaves, officials, and even members of the imperial family.

Clement's only genuine extant writing is his letter to the church at Corinth (1 Clement) in response to a dispute in which certain presbyters of the Corinthian church had been deposed. He asserted the authority of the presbyters as rulers of the church on the ground that the Apostles had appointed such. His letter, which is one of the oldest extant Christian documents outside the New Testament, was read in church, along with other epistles, some of which later became part of the Christian canon. These works were the first to affirm the apostolic authority of the clergy. A second epistle, 2 Clement, was attributed to Clement, although recent scholarship suggests it to be a homily by another author. In the legendary Clementine Literature, Clement is the intermediary through whom the apostles teach the church.

According to tradition, Clement was banished and imprisoned under the Emperor Trajan and was set to work in a stone quarry. Finding on his arrival that the prisoners were suffering from lack of water, he knelt down in prayer. Looking up, he saw a lamb on a hill, went to where the lamb had stood and struck the ground with his pickaxe, releasing a gushing stream of clear water. This miracle resulted in the conversion of large numbers of the local pagans and his fellow prisoners to Christianity. As punishment, Saint Clement was martyred by being tied to an anchor and thrown from a boat into the Black Sea.

Almighty God, you chose your servant Clement of Rome to recall the Church in Corinth to obedience and stability: Grant that your Church may be grounded and settled in your truth by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit; reveal to it what is not yet known; fill up what is lacking; confirm what has already been revealed; and keep it blameless in your service; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, forever and ever.

Amen.

[cruger2984]

THE DESCRIPTION OF POPE SAINT LEO THE GREAT Feast Day: November 10

"Peace is the first thing the angels sang. Peace is the mark of the children of God. Peace is the nurse of love. Peace is the mother of unity. Peace is the rest of the blessed souls. Peace is the dwelling place of eternity."

One of the greatest popes in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, was born circa 400 AD in Tuscany according to Liber Pontificalis. By 431, as a deacon, he was sufficiently well known outside of Rome that John Cassian dedicated to him the treatise against Nestorius written at Leo's suggestion. About this time, Cyril of Alexandria appealed to Rome regarding a jurisdictional dispute with Juvenal of Jerusalem, but it is not entirely clear whether the letter was intended for Leo, in his capacity of archdeacon, or for Pope Celestine I directly.

He was a man of deep learning and exceptional qualities, after his ordination, he became the personal secretary of the Pope.

In 440, during his absence in Gaul, Pope Sixtus III died, and on September 29th, he was unanimously elected by the people to succeed him. Soon after assuming the papal throne Leo learned that in Aquileia, Pelagians were received into church communion without formal repudiation of their errors; he censured this practice and directed that a provincial synod be held where such former Pelagians be required make an unequivocal abjuration. Leo raised the prestige of the Holy See to unprecedented heights, and, his greatest theological triumph was the Council of Chalcedon in 451, where he confirmed the doctrine of the Incarnation against Eutyches, who professed that Christ has only one divine nature.

When the papal legates read his letter, the bishops endorsed it with famous words: 'Peter has spoken through Leo.'

His masterly exposition of the relationship between the two natures of Christ has remained in the church's official teaching.

In 452, Attila the Hun, infamously known as the 'Scourge of God', set out with his army to attack Rome, after the indecisive outcome of the Battle of Chalons a year ago. Attila then invaded Italy, sacking cities such as Aquileia and heading for Rome. He allegedly demanded that the sister of the reigning Emperor Valentinian III be sent to him with a dowry. Panic seized the whole population, while several soldiers deserted their position. Leo confronted the invaders with a cross and persuaded the ruler of the Huns to return his country. A tradition said that Attila changed his mind when he saw behind the Pope the threatening figures of the apostles Peter and Paul, determined to defend from heaven their church on earth.

There was one time when Leo begged forgiveness for 40 days at the tomb of St. Peter. Then the apostle appeared to him and said: 'Your sins are forgiven by God, except those committed in conferring Holy Orders.'

Thereafter, he restricted the ordination of the candidates of mature age who had been thoroughly tested. Leo died on November 10, 461 at the age of 60 or 61, and, as he wished to be buried as close as possible to the tomb of St. Peter, his body was entombed within the portico of Old St. Peter's Basilica. He was the first pope to be buried within St. Peter's. Pope Sergius I had Leo's remains moved to the south transept, inside the basilica in 688. The relocation was apparently due to the number of later papal burials obscuring the prominence that Sergius believed Leo's tomb should have.

[77jose-ricardo77]

SAN LUCIO I, PAPA

Elegido en 253, fue obligado al exilio. Al volver a Roma, se opone al rigor de los novacianos que rechazan la readmisión en la Iglesia de los cristianos que habían adorado ídolos para evitar la persecución. Lucio establece su reintegración a la comunidad después de las prácticas penitenciales.

San Lucio I, papa

volver a la lista de santos

fecha de inscripción en el santoral: 5 de marzo

fecha en el calendario anterior: 4 de marzo

†: 254 - país: Italia

canonización: pre-congregación

hagiografía: «Vidas de los santos de A. Butler», Herbert Thurston, SI

Elogio: En Roma, en la vía Apia, en el cementerio de Calixto, sepultura de san Lucio, papa, sucesor de Cornelio, que sufrió el exilio por la fe de Cristo y, en tiempos angustiosos, fue eximio confesor de la fe, actuando con moderación y prudencia.

Al principio del pontificado de Lucio, el emperador Galo continuó la persecución iniciada por Decio. El Papa fue desterrado a un sitio del que los anales no conservan memoria, pero el destierro duró poco tiempo ya que Galo murió ese mismo año, y le sucedió Valeriano, más favorable a los cristianos. A su vuelta, Lucio fue aclamado por el pueblo, que salió a recibirle triunfalmente. Con esa ocasión san Cipriano le escribió una carta de felicitación, diciéndole que no por haber sido preservado por Dios de la muerte, como los jóvenes lo fueron de las llamas del horno, ha perdido la palma del martirio. San Cipriano añade: «No cesamos de ofrecer sacrificios y oraciones a Dios Padre y a su Hijo Jesucristo para darle gracias y suplicarle que, puesto que da la perfección en todo, perfeccione también en ti la gloriosa corona de tu confesión. Tal vez al destierro no fue sino para mostrarte que tu gloria debe brillar a los ojos de todos, pues es conveniente que la víctima, que debe a sus hermanos ejemplo de virtud y fe, sea sacrificada delante del pueblo». En otra carta que escribió al Papa Esteban, san Cipriano dice que san Lucio condenó a los herejes novacianos que rehusaban la absolución y la comunión a los pecadores arrepentidos.

Según Eusebio, san Lucio sólo ocupó la cátedra pontifical ocho meses. Durante muchos siglos se lo tuvo como «martirizado en la persecución de Valeriano», pero es positivamente cierto que murió antes de que empezara dicha persecución y es muy poco probable que haya muerto martirizado. El cronista del año 354 no nombra a san Lucio en la «depositio martyrum», sino en la «depositio episcoporum», en tanto que los restos de la inscripción, descubierta por De Rossi en las catacumbas, no mencionan su martirio.

Se dice que en Bolonia se conservan algunas reliquias de san Lucio. En la catedral de Roeskilde, cerca de Copenhague, se veneró durante largo tiempo la cabeza de este Papa, que era el patrono de la ciudad. Pero muy probablemente, tanto las reliquias de Dinamarca como las de Bolonia, pertenecen a otros dos santos del mismo nombre. San Lucio fue sepultado en la catacumba de San Calixto; pero sus restos fueron trasladados más tarde a la iglesia de Santa Cecilia, por orden de Clemente VIII, y ahí se conservan todavía.

Ver Duchesne, Líber Pontificalis, vol. I, pp. XCVII y 153; San Cipriano (Hartel), pte. II, pp. 695 y 748; De Rossi, Roma Sotterranea, vol. II, 62-70; cf. Acta Sanctorum, marzo, vol. I, y Allard, Histoire des persécutions, vol. II, pp. 27 ss.

fuente: «Vidas de los santos de A. Butler», Herbert Thurston, SI

https://www.eltestigofiel.org/index.php?idu=sn_773

[stregh]

PARROCCHIA SAN CRISOGONO - (5.000x14.000 pixel) da Annalisa Giuseppetti Tramite Flickr: Storia L’edificio non sembra di origine cristiana e può attribuirsi ai primordi del secolo IV. La nuova basilica è stata costruita sull’antica dal Card. Giovanni da Crema nel 1123. Il Card. Scipione Borghese la ampliò e la restaurò nel 1625 dandole l’aspetto che attualmente presenta. La parrocchia vi fu eretta, secondo una lapide vicina alla sacrestia, nel 1127, ma risale certamente a prima della metà del secolo V: i suoi presbiteri infatti si trovano tra i sottoscrittori dei sinodi romani del 499 e del 595. Il papa Gregorio III (731-741), come narra il "Liber pontificalis", vi instituì un monastero che mantenne distinto dal "titulus", i cui presbiteri erano addetti alla cura d’anime. Il Card. Giovanni da Crema, come dalle due lapidi vicine all’ingresso della sacrestia, vi costruì nel 1128 un oratorio con chiostro (V. Forcella, "Iscrizioni", iII, 169 nn. 486-487). Calisto II, il 17 aprile 1121, ed Innocenzo III, il 23 luglio 1199, intervennero per risolvere i problemi di amministrazione parrocchiale di S. Salvatore della Corte nei confronti di quelli di S. Crisogono. Innocenzo III sostituì i monaci con i Canonici regolari del Salvatore i quali vi rimasero fino al 1480 quando Sisto IV affidò la parrocchia ai Carmelitani. Pio IX, il 1 giugno 1847, insediò nella basilica i Trinitari, i quali tuttora l’amministrano. Lo stato attuale architettonico si deve al card. Scipione Caffarelli Borghese, nipote di Paolo V che lo commise a Giovanni Battista Soria (1581- 1651). Nell’abside, Madonna con il Bambino tra i santi Crisogono e Giacomo, mosaico della scuola di Pietro Cavallini (c. 1290). La proprietà, per la legge del 19 giugno 1873 n. 1402 è passata al demanio del Regno d’Italia. NOTIZIE: PARROCCHIA SAN CRISOGONO Basilica Minore Piazza Sonnino 44 - 00153 ROMA Settore Centro - Prefettura III - Rione Trastevere - 1º Municipio Affidata a: Ordine della Santissima Trinità (Trinitari) (O.SS.T.) ___________________________________________________________________________ History The building does not seem to Christian origin can be attributed to the beginning of the fourth century. The new basilica was built on the Cardinal Giovanni by Cream in 1123. Cardinal Scipione Borghese enlarged and restored it in 1625 giving the appearance of which is at present. The parish was erected, according to a plaque close to the sacristy, in 1127, but it certainly dates from the first half of the century V: her priests are in fact among the subscribers of the Roman synods of 499 and 595. Pope Gregory III (731-741), as recounted in the "Liber pontificalis" we instituted a monastery that kept distinct from the "titulus", whose priests were involved in the care of souls. Cardinal John of Crema, as the two tombstones nearby the entrance to the sacristy, built there in 1128 a chapel with cloister (V. Fork, "Subscriptions", III, 169 nn. 486-487). Calisto II, April 17, 1121, and Innocent III, July 23, 1199, intervened to solve the problems of administration Parish Church of St. Savior of the Court in relation to those of S. Krševan. Innocent III replaced the monks with the Canons Regular of the Savior which you remained until 1480 when Pope Sixtus IV entrusted the parish to the Carmelites. Pius IX, June 1, 1847, settled in the basilica, the Trinitarians, who still administer it. The current state of architecture is due to the card. Scipione Caffarelli Borghese, nephew Paul V, who committed it to Giovanni Battista Soria (1581-1651). In the apse, Madonna and Child with Saints James and Grisogono, mosaic of the school of Pietro Cavallini (c. 1290). The property, by the law of 19 June 1873 no. 1402 has gone to the State the Kingdom of Italy. NEWS: PARISH SAN CRISOGONO Minor Basilica Piazza Sonnino 44-00153 ROMA Central Sector - Prefecture III - Trastevere district - 1st Hall Entrusted to: Ordine della Santissima Trinità (Trinitari) (O.SS.T.)

[christianpureofficial]

St. Evaristus, Pope

St. Evaristus, Pope Feast date: Oct 26 St. Evaristus was the son of a Greek Jew, originally from Bethlehem, and was the sixth Pope of the Catholic Church. He is traditionally considered a martyr, but there is no documentation of the event. He is buried in the Vatican, near Saint Peter. Saint Evaristus succeeded Saint Anacletus as pope. The text of the Liber Pontificalis, says of him: “Evaristus,…

[dryas-glacialis]

Pope Valentinus was elected as the 100th pope in August of the year 827. His election was exceptional in that he was only ordained as a priest after being elected pope. On top of that, his election was the among the first in which the Roman nobility was allowed to participate, after their involvement had been forbidden in 769 by the Lateran council, which ruled that only the clergy was to take part, and then again made possible in the Hludovicianum in 817. Valentinus himself had been born to a nobleman known by the name Leontius; not only had the nobility participated in the electoral process, they'd managed to get one of their own elected.

Later, in the 10th century, during a period known as Saeculum obscurum, "the dark age", alternatively the Pornocracy or the Rule of Harlots, papacy became essentially a plaything of the corrupt aristocracy. That period is still considered one of the lowest points of the papal office by many.

Prior to his papancy, it was noted that Valentinus was unusually close to Pope Eugene II, who came to be his predessor. This prompted rumours of the nature of their relationship to circulate, and the two were sometimes dubbed father and son, other times lovers.

Pope Valentinus, praised for his piety and purity of morals in Liber pontificalis, gave up the title of Pope only a month after his election, not long before passing away in the 10th of October 827.

[cinquecolonnemagazine]

Ognissanti: le origini e le tradizioni della festa

Ognissanti è una festa molto sentita nel mondo cristiano. Ha un'antichissima tradizione e apre la via a un'altra festa per la quale si inizia a fare il countdown: Natale. Negli ultimi tempi, la Festa di tutti i santi viene anche un po' sbandierata in contrapposizione a tradizioni che arrivano dall'estero e che culminano in Halloween. Le origini della festa di Ognissanti La Festa di Ognissanti ha origini nella Chiesa d'Oriente con la celebrazione in ricordo dei martiri che cadeva la domenica successiva alla Pentecoste. Una tradizione viva ancora oggi. Nella Chiesa d'Occidente, invece, la celebrazione dei martiri sembra coincidere con la festa chiamata "Dedicatio Sanctae Mariae ad Martyres" che riprende il passaggio del Pantheon a Chiesa dedicata, appunto, alla Vergine Maria e ai martiri avvenuto nel 609 o 610. La data per questa celebrazione era il 13 maggio. Fu 100 anni dopo che papa Gregorio III scelse la data del 1° novembre per questa celebrazione poiché in quel giorno era stato consacrato un oratorio nella vecchia basilica di San Pietro in onore del Salvatore e della Vergine Maria. L'oratorio conteneva le reliquie "dei santi apostoli e di tutti i santi, martiri e confessori, e di tutti i giusti resi perfetti che riposano in pace in tutto il mondo" così come raccontato nel Liber Pontificalis. Nell835, il 1° novembre fu dichiarata festa di precetto dal re franco Luigi il Pio su richiesta del papa Gregorio IV. La festa celtica del Samhain Secondo l'antropologo scozzese James Frazer, la festa di tutti i santi si celebrava già da tempo il 1° novembre in Inghilterra. Era la festa del Samhain che celebrava il nuovo anno. Detta, infatti, anche capodanno celtico, il Samhain era fortemente legato al paganesimo celtico. Per gli antichi Celti, il tempo aveva una dimensione circolare e ciclica e Samhain era fuori dal tempo. Non appartenendo né all'anno vecchio né al nuovo, quel giorno i confini tra il mondo dei vivi e quello dei morti cadevano. I morti potevano fare ritorno, anche se per poco, nei luoghi nei quali erano vissuti accolti da celebrazioni gioiose. Probabilmente la scelta del 1° novembre per celebrare i Santi è stata fatta su richiesta degli ambienti religiosi anglosassoni. Ognissanti vs Halloween Il ricordo dei santi, dunque, è strettamente legato a quello dei morti. In alcuni Paesi occidentali le ricorrenze sono celebrate i due giorni distinti, il 1° e il 2 novembre; in Paesi come il Messico, invece, le due ricorrenze convergono. In Europa la celebrazione che ricorda i morti, i santi e i martiri per eccellenza è Halloween. Pur avendo un'origine cristiana, la festività spesso viene spesso associata al paganesimo. La sua forte simbologia tra zucche scavate e intagliate, fantasmi e streghe ha conquistato l'intera Europa e gli Stati Uniti. Nel nostro Paese, di tanto in tanto, è considerata un'invasione e un tentativo di cancellare le nostre tradizioni. Allora ecco che i più ortodossi sbandierano orgogliosi la festa di Ognissanti con le sue celebrazioni. Aprire a dei bambini che chiedono "dolcetto o scherzetto" o intagliare una zucca da esporre nella propria casa forse può aiutarci a rispettare l'altro, cosa di cui abbiamo infinito bisogno. In copertina foto di jozefbabij da Pixabay Read the full article

[rausule]

Nikolaas I in die Liber Pontificalis ,

inligting wat aan Nikolaas I in die Liber Pontificalis opgedra is, is baie minder uitgebreid as dié oor Leo IV wat die inisiatiewe van die pous in sy hoedanigheid as biskop van Rome betref. Die lyste wat uit die vestiarium van die Lateran kom oor die onderwerp van bouaktiwiteite, skenkings aan kerke of die verspreiding van liefdadigheidsskenkings, wat jaar na jaar die ruggraat van die meeste van die nuus vorm, is in werklikheid verminder toe die teks herwerk is, waarskynlik deur Giovanni Diacono (Giovanni Immonide) onder Hadrianus II of Johannes VIII, om meer ruimte te laat vir die bespreking van kwessies wat met politiek verband hou. Bowenal word die aandag gegee aan die diakenie van Santa Maria in Cosmedin genoem, waarna verwys word by verskeie geleenthede (in 858, 860-61, 861-62, 863-64), en na die konstruksie in 865-66 in die Lateran kompleks van 'n gebou wat later as Basilica Nicolaitana aangewys is en in die biografie van Hadrianus II, die opvolger van Nicholas I, as die mooiste basiliek in die pouslike paleis gevier word. Boonop is in 863-64 'n stelsel van ondersteuning vir die armes geïmplementeer wat dit moontlik gemaak het om sowel die aantal begunstigdes as die bedrieërs te beheer: volgens hierdie stelsel, welbekend in Bisantium, is 'n weeklikse rantsoen verskaf op grond van 'n genommerde register; die dag van die verspreiding kon uitgeken word aan die seël of aan die klein metaalmedalje wat die postulante om hul nekke gedra het.

Die talle gebeurtenisse wat die Romeinse siening betrek het in die tyd toe Niccolò die pouslike troon bestyg het, was vir hom net soveel geleenthede om sy gesag as hoof van die Christendom met die grootste fermheid te laat geld, beide in die aangesig van die kerklike hiërargie, waarop hy Romeine wou afdwing. sentraliteit, en teenoor die groot leke, wat hy bedoel het om Christelike moraliteit af te dwing, veral wat die huwelik betref, 'n gebied waarin die Kerk toe meer rigiede standpunte ingeneem het.

Dr De Beer

[thepastisalreadywritten]

SAINT OF THE DAY (December 2)

The earliest mention in authentic historical authority of St. Bibiana, a Roman female martyr, occurs in the "Liber Pontificalis" where, in the biography of Pope Simplicius (468-483), it is stated that this pope "consecrated a basilica of the holy martyr Bibiana, which contained her body." This basilica still exists today.

In the fifth century, therefore, the bodily remains of St. Bibiana rested within the city walls.

We have no further historical particulars concerning the martyr or the circumstances of her death, neither do we know why she was buried in the city itself.

In later times, a legend sprang up concerning her, connected with the Acts of the martyrdom of Saints John and Paul, and has no historical claim to belief.

According to this legend, Bibiana was the daughter of a former prefect, Flavianus, who was banished by Julian the Apostate.

Dafrosa, the wife of Flavianus, and his two daughters, Demetria and Bibiana, were also persecuted by Julian.

Dafrosa and Demetria died a natural death and were buried by Bibiana in their own house. Bibiana, meanwhile, was tortured and died as a result of her sufferings.

Two days after her death, a priest named John buried Bibiana near her mother and sister in her home. The house was later turned into a church.

It is evident that the legend seeks to explain in this way the origin of the church and the presence in it of the bodies of the above mentioned confessors.

The account contained in the martyrologies of the ninth century is drawn from the legend.

An alternate account says that in the year 363, Emperor Julian made Apronianus Governor of Rome.

Bibiana suffered in the persecution started by him. She was the daughter of Christians, Flavian, a Roman knight, and Dafrosa, his wife.

Bibiana's father was tortured and sent into exile, where he died of his wounds.

Her mother was beheaded. Their two daughters, Bibiana and Demetria, were stripped of their possessions and left to suffer poverty.

However, they remained in their house, spending their time in fasting and prayer. Governer Apronianus, seeing that hunger and want had no effect upon them, summoned them.

Demetria, after confessing her faith, fell dead at the feet of the tyrant. Bibiana was reserved for greater sufferings.

She was placed in the hands of a wicked woman called Rufina who, in vain, endeavored to defile her virginity. She used blows as well as persuasion, but the Christian virgin remained faithful.

Enraged at the constancy of this saintly virgin, Apronianus ordered her to be tied to a pillar and beaten with scourges, laden with lead plummets, until she died.

The saint endured the torments with joy and died under the blows inflicted by the hands of the executioner.

Her body was then put in the open air to be torn apart by wild animals, yet none would touch it. After two days, she was buried according to this legend.

Patronage: parish, epilepsy, epileptics, hangovers, headaches, insanity, mental illness, mentally ill people, single laywomen, and torture victims.

NOTE: The Liber Pontificalis (Latin for 'pontifical book' or Book of the Popes) is a book of biographies of popes from Saint Peter until the 15th century.

[michelangelob]

29 giugno: la vestizione della scultura di San Pietro

Ogni 29 giugno, in occasione delle celebrazioni di San Pietro e Paolo, la scultura in bronzo di San Pietro attribuita ad Arnolfo di Cambio viene vestita con abiti pontificali. La vestizione con il piviale e la tiara viene effettuata anche il 22 febbraio, in occasione della festa della Cattedra di San Pietro. E’ una tradizione che ha origini assai remote. Sembra risalire al Medioevo quando alla…

[tradizioni-barcellona]

VENERDI 02 DICEMBRE 2022 - ♦️ 🔸SANTA BIBIANA 🔸♦️ Bibiana, detta anche Viviana o Vibiana (Roma, 347-352 – Roma, 361-363), secondo la tradizione, è stata una giovane cristiana romana che subì il martirio sotto Flavio Claudio Giuliano. La storia legata alla santa è avvolta nella leggenda ed è menzionata per la prima volta nel Liber Pontificalis. Nel capitolo dedicato alla biografia di Papa Simplicio (468-483), si racconta che il papa « [...] consacrò una basilica dedicata alla santa martire Bibiana, che contiene il suo corpo, nelle vicinanze del Palatium Lucianum» (scil.: Licinianum, v. Horti Licinian. Le notizie storiche relative alla vita della santa sono in realtà assai scarne. Gli unici riferimenti alla sua storia si rintracciano nel testo della Passio Bibianae, opera di un autore del VII secolo, anche se del tutto inattendibili. Stando a questo testo, ricco di notizie praticamente infondate, come per esempio il martirio della santa a Roma sotto l'imperatore Giuliano (361-363), Bibiana era una giovane nobile, discendente da una famiglia cristiana dai tempi di Costantino (306-337). Bibiana sarebbe nata a Roma nel 347-352 da Flaviano, un cavaliere romano e prefetto di Roma sotto gli imperatori Costantino e Costanzo (350-361), e da Dafrosa, una discendente di una famiglia consolare. Anche in questo caso, le fonti storiche ci spingono a distinguere la realtà dalla leggenda; in effetti, l'unico prefetto di Roma che porti quel nome, Giunio Flaviano, è menzionato nell'anno 311. Il testo tramanda anche il nome di una sorella di Bibiana, una certa Demetria. Una volta salito al trono l'imperatore Giuliano, il quale ripristinò le crudeli persecuzioni contro i cristiani, Flaviano fu costretto ad abbandonare la sua carica di prefetto, passandola nelle mani di un suo acerrimo rivale e acceso sostenitore del paganesimo, Aproniano, che fu effettivamente prefetto di Roma dal 362 al 364, nominato dall'imperatore. Sorpreso mentre seppelliva i martiri Prisco, Priscilliano e Benedetta, il padre della santa venne bollato come uno schiavo e in seguito esiliato ad Aquas Taurinas (forse l'attuale Montefiascone), dove venne martirizzato nel dicembre 361. 🔵 Link in bio 🔴 (presso Tradizioni Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto - Sicilia) https://www.instagram.com/p/ClqoQ2fIqaS/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[musicmakesyousmart]

Het Heilig-Hart Koor Boxtel - Missa Secunda Pontificalis

Eurosound

1974