#plaster brick construction sets

[trudemaethien]

Kyrimorut

I’ve just done another reread/skim of the repcomm books for details of Kyrimorut for @ossidae-passeridae, who encouraged me to do a write up for reference. Some of these facts are explicitly stated, scattered throughout the series, and some are my own surmises. (My main conclusion is that KT considered architecture just about as carefully as the TCW creators did the GAR ranking system. lolsob)

So. In this essay I will

Kyrimorut, Kal Skirata’s refuge for his clone sons, was called a bastion, and frequently described in siege terms. It was also referred to as a homestead and a farmhouse.

“It was yaim—part barracks, part hotel, part married quarters, part farmhouse, the archetypal Mandalorian clan home.”

This stronghold was located in the heavily forested northern hemisphere of the planet Mandalore, a few hours flight north of Keldabe City, within 100 kilometers of a small town called Enceri, and just south of a lake. It boasted a main house and numerous outbuildings, including at least one medical laboratory, animal pens, and a hangar large enough for multiple craft.

Rav Bralor, another of the Cuy’val Dar, rebuilt it at Kal’s request during the war, and it was finished enough by a year in, to house some members of their group temporarily, but was still undergoing renovations up to the last moment before they moved in. She used droids to aid in the construction. The building was composed of brick, wood, stone, and rammed earth, and the (probably local, veshok) planks were joined with interlocking joints. The interior walls were plastered and painted, likely with naturally derived mineral paints; one room was mentioned to be “honey-colored.” The windows were narrow, described as arrow-slits, and the doors were unpowered hinged wooden slabs. The whole thing was large, and the rooms were characterized as airy and roomy at various points.

The layout seems to have been vaguely circular, or a circle of chained hubs, with a central karyai. The lobby was another hub, and there were both surface and underground passages connecting the hubs, radiating out like “the spokes of an eccentric wheel.” For this reason I think there were two floors in the main house with one above, the other underground. There was also a sheltered circular atrium off the main hub, with a roof that slid back, where they roasted meat.

The house had gutters and down-pipes to deal with snowmelt and rain, and given the nearby lake, they would have to have a good vapor barrier for the underground portion. Since the place was rural rather than urban, it was largely quiet, and the homestead's acoustics were such that sound carried well. This indicates to me that likely only the exterior walls were fortified of heavy stone and rammed earth; interior walls were more likely built of wood and plaster and easier to modify if they had some need. Power was unreliable in such a remote setting, so they used wood fires for heating and cooking; everything smelled of wood-smoke. The entire structure was designed to be unnoticeable from the air, and the clearing was not visible until the last moment upon aerial approach.

The karyai was the main living room. In one scene, Kad played on the floor with toy animals (nerf, bantha, shatual, nuna, jackrab, vhe’viin) Atin had carved from veshok wood, Wade Tay’haai played a purple-painted bes’bev (sharp flute), and Rav Bralor brought throat-searing tihaar for everyone. She lived on her own clan’s farm a few kilometers away, and had brought Yayax squad, who mostly stayed there, to visit Kyrimorut. They were learning carpentry from manuals, as one does.

People had their own rooms for sleeping, with couples sharing, along the corridors. Arla and Uthan’s rooms both had exterior windows. Quarters were pleasant, plain but comfortable, with generous mattresses on the beds and a table for personal use.

Then there was a room Etain thought of as the interrogation room, so that’s uhhh lovely.

It’s unclear whether the large table where they gathered for communal meals was in the karyai, the kitchen (which was separated from other areas by a door), or some other room. Wherever it was located, it was possible for someone seated at the table to lean back without getting up and fetch a bottle of tihaar from where it was stored. The table was made of a single large slab of veshok wood, and was big and sturdy enough to use for surgical operation, dismantling engines, or seating a whole clan of armored Mandalorians. They sat in chairs around this table, and Kad sat in a highchair. They used porceplast plates, and mugs for ne’tra gal, a sweet black beer. The head of the household summoned everyone to the table for meals.

The kitchen contained a fireplace and hearth, a chair (where Kal slept), ovens and stovetops, a conservator, enough workspace for at least four people at once, and an adjoining storage area. The kitchen could be a busy, noisy, bustling place, but it was separate from other living areas; people sometimes went there to avoid others.

The 20-30 occupants ate constantly and prodigiously, and never seemed to be lacking. The food was described as filling but not elegant, and was heavy on the protein. They consumed a lot of game; Lord Mirdalan the strill was an animal native to Mandalore and a hunter. Roast shatual, nerf, and roba were mentioned, and they would leave a joint of meat on the table to be eaten all day down to the bone (I shuddered in food hygiene). Fish from the lake were fried in a pan, and they made broth from gihaal, dried smoked fish with a pungent aroma stored in metal containers, one of the staples of Mandalorian ration packs because it kept for years without refrigeration. Also what Kal called Kaminoans, but that’s another story!

We were worried they only ate meat for a while until we came across some vegetables. Kad had pureed kaneta at one point, and for breakfast boiled grain porridge and shirred eggs were on offer. Jilka diced amber root for some dish. Mealbread rolls were also plentiful, and there was a vat of stew at one point. Listed imports via Ny Vollen included flour, grassgrain, pickles, powdered milk, sacks of denta beans, soap, dried fruit, and a bantha bone which was hard to get on Mandalore. The roba they raised themselves.

The roba pen had multiple animals witht at least one boar and one sow with a litter, and despite having veshok posts and walls, the gate was left open. I’m extrapolating that these animals were semi-domesticated and allowed to forage for food but came home to their pen for safety at night. There were rail fences, crop fields, and plans for raising nerf on the property as well. Outbuildings were mentioned frequently, but this was one of the few actually described.

Notable native species mentioned were the large, ancient veshok trees, which were evergreen, hardwood, and straight enough that the table slab was cut out of one large piece. They were ice-glazed and dripping in the spring thaw, so presumably had some defenses against freezing and exploding, or breaking under the weight of the ice, and they populated all the way up to the the polar cap. There was underbrush and bushes, and groundthorn weed, which was very stubborn and difficult to remove entirely. The roba would have helped with uprooting this as they foraged. Vhe’viine were small rodents with white winter coats that lived in burrows in the fields.

The medical laboratory behind the main house (it was necessary to walk around the bastion after exiting to approach it) was a mobile genetics lab/agricultural trailer of the sort usually used for breeding livestock and at racetracks. It was occupied first by Ko Sai and later by Ovolot Qail Uthan. Mereel acquired it, and Mij Gilamar stocked it with stolen/black market medical equipment. When Uthan took over, they built her more lab space. There were rural veterinarians in the community as well; Etain mentioned getting a cryocontainer for a sample from a neighboring farm.

The hangar was situated in a shallow slope to the north of the main house, half-buried in the soil and disguised with netting. It was large enough to house several craft at a time, including Ny Vollen’s ship, Mereel’s speeder, and the Aay’han, among others. Swabbing down the compartments of the Aay’han, replenishing stores, and prepping the ship for the next flight managed to occupy most of an afternoon for four men.

The lake was also to the north, and I believe it was a very large lake, functioning as a heat-sink. It had not fully frozen despite the bitter winter, described as minus eight and thirty degrees colder than tropical (although the temperature scale is not mentioned, it’s likely celsius because of the author’s background). There was ice extending from the shore like a pier, but also mist rising above it in the early morning and frost on the shore, even though layers of snow deep enough for feet to crunch through the surface were mentioned elsewhere at various times. This led my friend to speculate that there could be geothermal activity in/under that lake. Kal and Walon Vau were planning to build a memorial on the near lake shore featuring the armor tallies of fallen clone soldiers.

There was granite in the area, which also gave support to the concept of historical volcanic activity. Their yard sported four chunks, each large enough for at least two people to climb up and perch upon, which had erupted from the surface long ago and been worn down to a weathered polish. Winds came in off a nearby plain. A clear (muddy) area large enough to play mesh’geroya was also near the house.

Enceri had at least one cantina, there was a landmark grain silo at the edge of town, and it was big enough to host a bustling market square, despite being described as more of a trading post than a town. There they could buy, among other things, preserved vegetables, engine parts, and local triple-distilled tihaar, which could double as degreaser for said engine parts.

If they needed more than Enceri had to offer, they could go south to Keldabe. Landmarks of note there included the River Kelita and the Oyu’baat tavern. The Imperial garrison was located near Keldabe.

“But then Mandalore itself was one big contradiction, with heavy industry and shipbuilding sitting cheek-by-jowl with farms that hadn't changed in centuries, sophisticated electronics and ancient metalworking skills side-by-side in the same suit of armor.”

Established clan homes seem to be the usual way of things despite Mandalorians supposedly being nomadic. Their “temporary” structures being wattle and daub also indicates the nomad thing to be a bit of a fallacy. Even so, they had planned a possible relocation for Kyrimorut in the worst case, a bolt-hole on Cheravh. Jaing had taken to calling it offsite hot standby.

So that’s Kyrimorut, which means Final Haven, where Kal Skirata and his chosen family hunkered down in the aftermath of Order 66. My friend says it’s basically Aberdeen, down to the detail of players getting plastered mid footie limmie game. I gathered these details from four books (Hard Contact does not mention Kyrimorut) and compiled them for anyone who’d like to make use of the rundown. Oya!

[cemeteryreviews]

Church Reviews #6 - Basilica of Our Lady of Chiquinquirá

This is a church that is kinda hidden, it doesn't have its own square or park and it is practically nested between the rest of the buildings on its street. Nevertheless, it is definitely worth watching.

At first you think, hey this is just another pale church, you know. The beige color isn't my favorite, and I feel sometimes it can get this sick complexion I don't enjoy, but the way it creates shapes is sublime, pointy tips over pointy tips and lots of little details to fill in the eye, it strikes you deeply when you see it. I was just going by on a bus when it suddenly jumped into my field view, I had to get out of the bus and walk to it, it was calling to me. You can also see there is a red thingy at the top that looks like a clock, but it doesn't seem to have any hands and it has instead two dates, 1925 and 1959, which I would assume are the start and the end years of its construction. Red is quite a provocative color which can make it seem odd with the rest of the entrance, but it makes sense when you go inside.

This church is a masterpiece in color. It boasts a pastel color palette that just looks regal, it is dazzling, it is amazing. Every shade compliments column, each arch, each material. I have no freaking clue what material it is built on, it could be stone or brick, but it most likely has a layer or plaster or stucco that gives that creamy texture to the place and that texture is absolutely perfect for the pastel colors. It is perfect, it's just perfect. This style are the colors of joy. Inside it smells a lot like incense, or might it have smelled that way if there was a celebration recently, needles to say, I do love the smell.

But that is not everything, because aside the pastel colors, this church has stained glass windows. The Church of Lourdes had stained glass windows with paintings, but these do not have any paintings on them, just shapes and patterns, which in my opinion makes it look a little bit better, it doesn't make them look busy when you look at them, and when the sun of the afternoon creeps in, it is an amazing sight to behold, the joy of the sun in colors.

You just have no clue, you have no fucking clue the sheer and pure joy that the light of the sun through stained glass windows gives me. It makes me shed a tear and feel alive, so alive, as if I was bathing in light, between the cosmic rays of nature and the smile of the human nurture. This single little detail can elevate a place like this into incredible heights.

The altar has this golden and red ornamentation as well some touches of green here and there like with the cloth that covers the table. It is fantastic, it might look... I don't know, kinda like it is 3/4 way there? But then you see the windows, which are not just stained glass windows but they have the primary colors, which gives the altar any vibrancy it might have lacked. It completes it and fills the place with light. Remember how the altar of San Francisco is all dark and dim? Well this one isn't dim, it doesn't reject the outside world but welcomes it, and when the sun passes through those windows, I feel joy in my soul.

There are some other details I really like, like the railings that were sponged with red paint, this beautiful symbol in black and white, as well as the fact there was an actual organ in the church. Do you have any idea how rare that is around here? Most churches use those Yamaha synths that just sound bad in a lot of the settings. Yes, a lot of those keyboards have an actual and decent church organ setting, but they do not use it! They use the shittiest sound imaginable. I feel that the person who got this organ decided to bring it here so none of the people who play or sing ever dared to use those keyboards and select their shitty synth setting. With a physical organ, you have the sound secured. Yes, it's not quite a pipe organ, so it is not quite there, but when you hear it, it feels so so much better and gives an atmosphere to the place that it really deserves.

Sadly not everything is great, since yes, this also has a terrazzo floor. It is not a floor I really like, but this church, with the pastel colors, almost makes it work. I'm not saying that it makes the terrazzo feel proper for a church, but the church with all its paste colors and windows and gets as close as possible to a palace and blend in with the terrazzo, so it feels a lot more at home here than in a church like San Fransisco. If I liked getting tattoos, I would tattoo myself MEMLIX, because it sounds like a cool deity name.

The doors are fantastic, just fantastic. They do not have the gilded wood carvings of San Fransisco but they are indefinitely more detailed that your average church door. They have a a fantastic color that contrasts with the paler ones from the columns of outside.

See that? That is light from the yellow stained glass windows of the altar. There isn't a light as wistful and romantic as this one, when the sun is about to start to set. I love it deeply with all my heart.

The columbarium is in the first floor and to be honest it looks a lot less polished, pristine or liminal than the one in the Church of Lourdes, which disappointed me a bit. But, it had a checkered floor that I enjoyed, even if it looked dirtier. There was an old lady that told me I couldn't take any photos, so I won't post any here. I'm saving the only one I took as a keepsake of my heresy.

8/10

[luxuryflatsingurgaon]

Discover the Luxury of Cosmos Express 99: Ready-to-Move Apartments in Sector 99 Gurgaon

Are you looking for a contemporary lifestyle that combines both luxury and affordability? Cosmos Express 99 in Sector 99, Gurgaon, offers the perfect blend of modern design, convenience, and comfort, making it one of the most sought-after residential destinations in the region.

A New Era of Affordable Luxury at Cosmos Express 99

Cosmos Express 99 has quickly become a ready-to-move housing society, providing apartments across various price ranges to cater to different budgets and preferences. The development reflects today’s rapidly expanding modern lifestyle, providing not just a living space, but a luxury experience that seamlessly integrates with everyday life. When a space appeals to both your aesthetic senses and financial expectations, it fosters an emotional and financial connection that makes it feel like home.

Cosmos Express 99 introduces a life experience at its highest potential, with an array of features designed to enhance both functionality and beauty. Its contemporary facilities and fast connection systems, combined with artistic amenities and substantial resourcefulness, set the stage for an unparalleled living experience.

Explore a variety of residential properties in Gurgaon by visiting Properties in Gurgaon, which showcases the finest living options across the city. From luxury high-rises to peaceful low-rise floors, Gurgaon offers diverse choices for homebuyers.

State-of-the-Art Amenities and Design Inspiration

The developers behind Cosmos Express 99 have focused on blending modern technology and historical architectural inspirations. These builders have studied ancient structures from around the world, integrating them into the design to create a unique cityscape in Gurgaon’s Dwarka Expressway area. The idea was not only to create a ready-to-move apartment but to offer a community that is aesthetically pleasing and functionally superior.

With residential spaces that boast luxurious interiors and high-end exteriors, Cosmos Express 99 doesn’t just meet expectations—it exceeds them. Its careful design elements, such as decorative motifs inspired by Renaissance architecture, add an extra layer of sophistication and durability to the buildings, ensuring they stand the test of time.

Connectivity and Growth in the Heart of Gurgaon

The strategic location of Cosmos Express 99 in Sector 99 Gurgaon makes it the perfect choice for those who desire quick access to key areas while still enjoying the peace and quiet of a residential neighborhood. The Dwarka Expressway ensures fast and convenient connections to important parts of Gurgaon and Delhi, making it ideal for professionals and families alike.

Builders with Vision: Cosmos Express 99’s Legacy

The developers of Cosmos Express 99 are not just building homes; they are contributing to the country’s infrastructural growth. By studying successful modern buildings and ancient construction models, they’ve developed a project that stands as a symbol of progressive development. The first industrial structures used simple materials like brick and stone, but today’s designs incorporate fine plastered walls, masonry, and decorative elements to enhance the functionality and durability of the buildings.

Why Choose Cosmos Express 99?

Ready-to-move apartments offering immediate possession.

Modern amenities and a luxurious living experience.

Strategic location on Dwarka Expressway with easy access to nearby areas.

Inspired architectural design combining modern and ancient elements.

Competitive pricing, offering affordable luxury.

Cosmos Express 99 is more than just a place to live; it’s a space that embodies luxury, convenience, and modernity. With its strategic location, contemporary amenities, and world-class design, it provides the perfect setting for a life well-lived.

Other Projects

For a luxurious living experience, Elan The Emperor in Sector 106 Gurgaon is an exceptional choice. Visit Elan The Emperor Sector 106 Gurgaon for more details about this upscale development, which features modern 2, 3, and 4 BHK apartments with world-class amenities like a clubhouse, swimming pool, and excellent connectivity to the city’s key areas.

If you're looking for a more tranquil and spacious home, Gokulam The Sanctuary Floors in Sector 7 Sohna offers a serene retreat. Discover more about this peaceful low-rise development at Gokulam The Sanctuary Floors Sector 7 Sohna, where you can enjoy spacious, well-ventilated homes, green spaces, and a calm, suburban atmosphere while still being well-connected to Gurgaon’s major roads.

[pasayinv]

Ready mix plaster dealers in pune

Leading the Way in Ready Mix Plaster Dealers in Pune

Evergreen Enterprises, a leading name in Pune’s construction material landscape, is proud to be the manufacturer and supplier of the high-performance Everplast ready-mix plaster. For construction projects that demand a smooth, flawless finish, Everplast offers the perfect solution. But what truly sets Evergreen Enterprises apart is our unwavering commitment to exceptional service, making us the preferred choice for ready-mix plaster dealers in Pune.

Everplast: More Than Just a Product from Evergreen Enterprises

Everplast isn’t just another product on the shelf at Evergreen Enterprises. We understand that successful construction projects require more than just materials. That’s why we go the extra mile to provide our clients with exceptional service, making us the preferred choice for ready-mix plaster dealers in Pune.

Everplast Ready-Mix Plaster: The Advantages

Our Everplast ready-mix plaster, manufactured by Evergreen Enterprises, is formulated with top-notch additives, ensuring a product that offers numerous benefits:

Superior Quality: Experience the difference of a consistently high-quality plaster. Everplast is meticulously crafted by Evergreen Enterprises to deliver exceptional results.

Reduced Wastage: Our formula minimizes rebound, leading to less wasted material and cost savings for your project.

Enhanced Workability: Everplast boasts excellent workability, making the plastering process smoother and more efficient for your team.

Reduced Shrinkage Cracks: Say goodbye to unsightly cracks! Everplast’s unique properties minimize the risk of shrinkage cracks, leading to a more durable and aesthetically pleasing finish.

Eco-Friendly: Everplast prioritizes sustainability. Our formula, developed by Evergreen Enterprises, requires less water usage, contributing to a greener construction process.

Improved Coverage: Get more out of each bag! Everplast offers superior coverage, reducing the amount of plaster needed to complete your project.

Stronger Bonds: Everplast ensures exceptional bonding to a variety of surfaces, including bricks, blocks, stone walls, and concrete.

Increased Labor Productivity: The workability and efficiency of Everplast plaster lead to faster application times, maximizing your labor force’s productivity.

Why Choose Evergreen Enterprises as Your Ready-Mix Plaster Supplier in Pune?

Beyond the superior quality of our Everplast ready-mix plaster, here’s what sets Evergreen Enterprises apart from other ready-mix plaster dealers in Pune:

Unwavering Commitment to Service: We believe in building strong partnerships with our clients. Our dedicated team at Evergreen Enterprises is readily available to answer your questions, offer expert advice, and ensure a seamless experience throughout your project.

Technical Expertise: Our team possesses extensive knowledge of Everplast ready-mix plaster and its applications. We can provide valuable insights to ensure you’re using the product to its full potential.

Competitive Pricing: Evergreen Enterprises offers competitive prices on Everplast ready-mix plaster, ensuring you get the best value for your investment.

Reliable Delivery: Timely delivery is crucial. We have a robust logistics network that guarantees prompt and efficient delivery of your Everplast order to your project site.

Evergreen Enterprises: Your Partner in Building Success

At Evergreen Enterprises, we understand that a successful construction project relies on a combination of high-quality materials and exceptional service. When you choose Evergreen Enterprises as your ready-mix plaster supplier in Pune, you’re not just getting a superior product, Everplast; you’re gaining a trusted partner committed to your project’s success.

Here's how Evergreen Enterprises can be your partner:

Project Consultation: Whether you’re a seasoned contractor or embarking on your first construction project, our team at Evergreen Enterprises can offer valuable advice on the appropriate use of Everplast ready-mix plaster for your specific needs.

Quantity Estimation: Estimating the required amount of plaster can be tricky. We can help you determine the exact quantity needed to complete your project, ensuring you have enough material without unnecessary overspending.

Application Guidance: Our team at Evergreen Enterprises can provide detailed instructions and best practices for applying Everplast ready-mix plaster to achieve optimal results.

Evergreen Enterprises: The Future of Ready-Mix Plaster in Pune

Evergreen Enterprises is constantly innovating and improving our Everplast ready-mix plaster formulations. We are committed to staying at the forefront of the construction industry, providing our clients with the most advanced and efficient products available.

Partnering with Evergreen Enterprises for All Your Ready-Mix Plaster Needs in Pune

For a flawless finish, reduced project timelines, and exceptional service, look no further than Evergreen Enterprises and our Everplast ready-mix plaster. Contact us today to discuss your project requirements and discover how Everplast and our commitment to service can elevate your construction projects in Pune.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Everplast emerges as the preferred choice for ready mix plaster Dealers in Pune due to its commitment to quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction. Whether you’re a builder, contractor, or developer, choosing Everplast means choosing reliability and excellence in every application.

[dknuth]

Old Capital Cities

The two old capital cities of Sri Lanka are about 2 hours from Sigiriya; Polonnaruwa is to the east, and Anuradhapura is to the Northwest.

Anuradhapura is the oldest, founded in the 4th century B.C., and the center of civilization for 1,200 years. The Cholas dynasty from India sacked it in 993. When the Cholas were defeated in 1056, the city was in ruins, and the capital was moved to Polonnaruwa. It remained the capital until 1263, when it fell to another attack from India.

Thereafter, the capital would be in Kandy.

I see two main differences between the two cities.

Anuradhapura, being the oldest and thoroughly sacked and then abandoned, has fewer structures in good condition. It also dates to a time when it was considered improper to have images of the Buddha, and so Buddhist construction focused on more symbolic structures, specifically stupas. It has a number of large stupas in good condition and are still a focus of Buddhist worship today.

Polonnaruwa was founded over 1,200 years later, and much has changed. In particular, it was now acceptable to have images of the Buddha, many of which still exist. With statues and paintings of the Buddha abundant, stupas apparently had mainly gone out of favor, and there are many fewer of these huge structures. The ruins of the temples are much more recent and intact, so they are easier to understand.

We started by visiting Polonnaruwa. The ticket office is in the museum, so the visit starts there. Most of the statues are in poor condition or are fragments. What was particularly useful was the models of how some of the structures would have looked.

The first structure we investigated was a hybrid of a temple and a stupa: a large circular temple with a cone-shaped roof and a small stupa in the center.

Today it looks like this.

At the entrance is a Moonstone, a semicircular stone with rings of animals and plants, symbolizing the progression to nirvana. On either side are guardian figures. The Buddha in the center is visible from the entrance.

But there is a small stupa behind him.

It's a nice transition from the massive stupa to a temple with a figure while keeping a small stupa in the center.

Other temples took a variety of styles. This one is more like many Hindu temples. Since the structures were made of brick and plaster, fine details have disappeared. So it is impossible to say what it actually looked like.

Other temples have become mainly buildings for the protection of an image. Since many of the statues were made of brick and plaster, having a roof over them was important, especially in this climate. The failure of the roofs has caused great deterioration in the brick statues.

This temple had a corbeled vault for a roof, which held up better, but the large standing Buddha was free-standing and probably toppled at some point.

The best part of a visit to Polonnaruwa is the group of large Buddhas carved from a native stone wall at the location of the Gal Vihara Monastery.

To modern eyes, the veining of the stone adds to the beauty of the carvings, but originally, they would have been plastered and painted.

While they were in the open before the modern roof, from the remains of foundations it's evident that each statue originally sat in an image house.

As with many Buddhist images a lot is going on to the trained eye. The frame around the Buddha on the back wall has four small temples on it. The dragons coming out the sides of the frames have small creatures coming out of their mouths. But the symbology of all that is beyond me.

The other seated Buddha is back under an overhang and its setting is more elaborate.

It also still has the remains of the plaster and gold leaf. However, it has more modern protection from the weather to preserve it.

The next statue is a large standing Buddha. The veining of the stone is especially prominent on this statue. I have seen comments about the sculptors making sure the dark veins don't go across his eyes, but it would not have mattered to them as it was going to be plastered and painted.

The final statue is of the dying Buddha.

These statues were my primary interest in coming to Polonnaruwa.

There is also a large stupa here, but small image houses holding statues of the Buddha are all around the base.

The interior of an Image House.

The four quadrants of the stupa have modern cast metal seated Buddha statues, which I particularly liked.

With that, I will wrap up this post and cover Anuradhapura in the next one.

[raogbl]

The capacity of the septic tank has been determined by the frequency and the number of users along with which the sludge has been removed. The liquid capacity of the septic tank is about 70 litres to 130 litres per user. In the case of a small number of users, 70 litres of septic tank can be taken. A brick wall is used for making septic tanks which should be at least 20 cm thick. In addition, the foundation floor of the septic tank should be made with cement concrete with a 1:2:4 design mix. The walls and the top of the floor of the septic tank should have to be plastered along with a minimum thickness of 12mm.

Different parts of the Septic tank

This wastewater treatment system has several parts which include the following:

Inlet Pipe

This part helps to transfer the wastewater from the residence.

Outlet Pipe

Through the outlet pipe, the liquid effluent exits the septic tank.

Septic Tank

This is constructed with fibreglass, concrete, or plastic which helps to retain and treat the wastewater for a specific period of time.

Baffles

This part plays an important role as an internal wall of the septic walls. This partition helps to ensure that the solid waste does not exit the septic tank immediately thus helping to facilitate the setting process of the solid wastes.

Distribution Box

This part has been employed to distribute the effluent from the septic tank to the leach field or drain field.

Drain Field or Leach Field

This part has an interconnected network of perforated pipes which has been buried in the soil. This part has been acting as the recipient of the treated effluent from the septic tank.

Read more

[plastersand]

Applications of Plaster Sand: A Comprehensive Overview

Plaster sand is a vital component in the construction industry, especially in the preparation of plaster, mortar, and other building materials. Its unique properties make it indispensable for producing high-quality finishes and strong bonding in various applications. Derived from crushed rock, plaster sand is finer than regular sand and possesses the ideal characteristics for use in construction, particularly in plastering, rendering, and other decorative or functional surfaces.

In this article, we will delve into the various applications of plaster sand, its benefits, and how it is used in different construction processes.

1. Plastering

One of the most common applications of plaster sand is in plastering. Plaster is a versatile material used for coating walls and ceilings to provide a smooth, durable surface. It is typically mixed with water and other ingredients like cement and lime to create a paste-like consistency.

How Plaster Sand is Used in Plastering:

Smooth Finish: Plaster sand is finely graded, allowing it to be mixed into plaster for a smoother finish. The finer particles provide a better consistency, ensuring that the plaster adheres well to the wall or ceiling.

Enhanced Workability: The use of plaster sand improves the workability of the plaster, making it easier to apply and spread over surfaces. The fine texture also reduces the likelihood of cracks or imperfections on the surface once the plaster dries.

Durability: When used in plastering, plaster sand contributes to the durability of the surface. It helps the plaster set correctly, which leads to better resistance to moisture, wear, and tear.

Plastering is essential in creating aesthetic, smooth finishes on both interior and exterior surfaces. The role of plaster sand in this process is crucial for ensuring that the plaster is easy to apply, durable, and long-lasting.

2. Rendering

Rendering is the application of a layer of cement-based material to the exterior walls of a building. Similar to plastering, rendering creates a protective and decorative finish on walls. Plaster sand plays an essential role in the rendering process by contributing to the smoothness, strength, and texture of the final result.

How Plaster Sand is Used in Rendering:

Bonding Strength: Plaster sand, when mixed with cement, improves the bonding strength of the render. The fine grains help the mixture adhere well to brick, stone, or concrete walls, creating a solid base for additional finishes or coatings.

Weather Resistance: Plaster sand helps the render become more resistant to weathering and environmental conditions. This makes it an ideal material for exterior applications where walls are exposed to rain, sun, and wind.

Aesthetic Finishes: Rendered surfaces often have a textured or patterned appearance. Plaster sand contributes to the creation of smooth, uniform finishes, making it suitable for both decorative and protective purposes.

Rendering can significantly enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building, as well as provide essential protection against the elements. Plaster sand is key to achieving a high-quality, durable render that not only improves the building’s look but also increases its lifespan.

3. Mortar Production

Mortar is a fundamental material used in construction for bonding bricks, stones, and other masonry units. Plaster sand is an essential ingredient in the production of mortar, as its properties allow it to create a smooth, workable mixture that can be easily applied between masonry units.

How Plaster Sand is Used in Mortar:

Strength and Bonding: The fine particles of plaster sand enhance the bonding properties of mortar. When combined with cement and water, plaster sand contributes to the creation of a strong, durable mortar that can withstand the weight and pressure of masonry units.

Workability: Plaster sand improves the workability of mortar, making it easier to spread and apply during construction. Its fine texture allows for a smoother, more consistent mixture, reducing the chances of lumps or air pockets in the mortar.

Consistency: The quality and consistency of mortar are crucial for building solid structures. Plaster sand’s ability to create a smooth and uniform mixture ensures that the mortar is of the highest quality and that masonry work is secure and long-lasting.

Mortar is used in a variety of construction tasks, such as bricklaying, blockwork, and stone construction. The role of plaster sand in creating high-quality mortar ensures that the bonds between building materials are strong and secure, contributing to the overall stability and durability of the structure.

4. Concrete Production

Concrete is a composite material made from cement, aggregates, and water. It is used in everything from foundations and walls to floors and pavements. Plaster sand, when used as a fine aggregate in concrete, improves the overall quality of the concrete mix, especially in the creation of smooth, fine-textured surfaces.

How Plaster Sand is Used in Concrete:

Fine Aggregate for Smooth Finish: Plaster sand acts as a fine aggregate in concrete mixes, ensuring that the final product has a smooth finish. This is particularly important for decorative concrete surfaces or when a fine-textured, polished surface is required.

Reduced Shrinkage: The use of plaster sand can help reduce shrinkage cracks in concrete as it absorbs water more efficiently than coarser aggregates. This leads to better structural integrity and fewer cracks in the hardened concrete.

Strength and Durability: While coarse aggregates contribute to the bulk of the concrete, plaster sand helps improve the overall strength and durability by filling the voids between larger aggregates, creating a more cohesive and resilient material.

Plaster sand is particularly valuable in high-strength concrete applications, decorative concrete, and situations where the surface quality is critical. Its role in enhancing the texture, finish, and durability of concrete makes it an indispensable material in modern construction.

5. Paving and Road Construction

In road construction and the laying of pavements, plaster sand can be used as a component of the base or sub-base layers, providing a stable foundation for the road surface. Its fine texture allows it to create a smooth, level surface that is ideal for laying pavers or constructing solid road foundations.

How Plaster Sand is Used in Paving:

Base Layer for Paving: Plaster sand is often used as part of the base or sub-base material when laying paving stones, bricks, or tiles. Its fine texture ensures that the stones or bricks are laid on a stable, level foundation that minimizes shifting and settling over time.

Improved Drainage: In paving applications, plaster sand is often mixed with other aggregates to improve the drainage properties of the surface. This is particularly important in road construction, where proper water drainage is essential for preventing damage to the surface.

Compaction and Stability: Plaster sand, when compacted, forms a solid, stable layer that can support the weight of traffic or pedestrians. It helps distribute the load evenly across the surface, ensuring that the paving materials remain intact and level.

The use of plaster sand in paving and road construction is critical for creating stable, durable surfaces that can withstand the rigors of everyday use, whether for pedestrian walkways or busy highways.

6. Sandblasting and Surface Cleaning

Sandblasting is a method of cleaning or preparing surfaces by forcing a stream of sand particles at high pressure against the surface. Plaster sand, due to its fine and uniform grain size, is an ideal material for sandblasting applications, where precision and a clean finish are necessary.

How Plaster Sand is Used in Sandblasting:

Surface Preparation: Plaster sand is commonly used in sandblasting to prepare surfaces for painting, coating, or sealing. Its fine texture allows it to clean surfaces effectively, removing rust, old paint, dirt, and other contaminants.

Polishing: In addition to cleaning, plaster sand can be used in certain sandblasting applications for polishing metal or stone surfaces. The fine nature of the sand ensures that surfaces are not damaged or scratched, making it ideal for delicate materials.

Etching and Artistic Designs: Sandblasting with plaster sand is often used to create etchings or intricate designs on glass, stone, or metal surfaces. The precise nature of plaster sand allows for detailed work and high-quality finishes.

The versatility and precision of plaster sand make it a valuable material in industries that require fine surface cleaning, preparation, and decoration.

7. Landscaping and Decorative Uses

Plaster sand is also used in landscaping, where it serves multiple purposes such as providing a base for garden features, leveling the soil, or creating decorative paths and surfaces. Its fine texture and attractive appearance make it a popular choice for aesthetic landscaping projects.

How Plaster Sand is Used in Landscaping:

Leveling Soil and Surfaces: Plaster sand is ideal for leveling uneven ground in gardens or landscapes. It can be spread evenly to create a smooth, flat surface for planting or for laying paving stones.

Decorative Paths and Walkways: Plaster sand can be used to create decorative pathways in gardens or outdoor spaces. Its fine texture provides a clean, attractive finish that complements a variety of landscaping designs.

Improving Drainage in Gardens: Like other fine aggregates, plaster sand can help improve the drainage properties of garden soil. By mixing it into the soil, gardeners can enhance the flow of water and reduce the risk of waterlogging.

In landscaping, plaster sand serves both functional and aesthetic purposes, making it a versatile material for a variety of outdoor projects.

Plaster sand plays an essential role in many aspects of construction and design. From plastering and rendering to concrete production, paving, and even landscaping, its fine, consistent texture ensures that it performs effectively in a wide range of applications. Whether used in creating smooth, durable finishes, providing a solid foundation for structures, or adding decorative touches to gardens and outdoor spaces, plaster sand is indispensable in the construction industry. By understanding its various uses and benefits, builders, architects, and homeowners can ensure that they make the most of this versatile material in their projects.

[lrbsuk]

Choosing the Right Structural Builders in Nottingham: Key Considerations

When it comes to construction and renovation projects, selecting the right Structural Builders in Nottingham is crucial for ensuring the success and longevity of your building. Without expert builders, issues such as bowing walls, improper brickwork, or unstable foundations can arise, leading to costly repairs and even safety hazards down the line. In this blog, we'll discuss key considerations when choosing structural builders, with a particular focus on LRBS (Leicester Repointing and Bricklaying Specialists Ltd), a trusted name in both Nottingham and Leicestershire.

Experience and Expertise in Structural Work

The first and foremost consideration when hiring Structural Builders in Nottingham is their level of experience and expertise. Structural work involves specialized skills, and you want to be sure the builders you hire have a proven track record. At LRBS, their team brings years of experience across a variety of structural services. From lintel creation and bay stabilisation to more advanced techniques like helical bar brick stitching and underpinning, offering a comprehensive range of services that cater to both domestic and commercial sectors.

Range of Services Offered

Another key factor to consider is the range of services offered by your chosen structural builder. You want to work with a company that provides a wide array of structural solutions under one roof. With a vast range of extensive services, which include brick stitching, bowed walls repairs, plastering, and lime renders, among other structural work in Nottingham they offer you better. Their ability to handle everything from basic bricklaying to complex structural issues makes them a one-stop shop for both residential and commercial construction needs.

For those looking for Structural Builders in Leicestershire, LRBS offers services that extend beyond Nottingham. Their team is experienced in addressing structural challenges across both regions, giving clients peace of mind knowing they are working with builders who are familiar with local building standards and conditions.

Use of Modern Techniques and Materials

Structural work has evolved significantly over the years, with new techniques and materials improving the durability and stability of buildings. It's important to choose builders who stay updated with modern construction methods. They incorporate advanced techniques like helical bar brick stitching, which helps repair cracks and provide structural stability without the need for extensive rebuilding.

Additionally, they offer repointing in both cementitious and lime mortar, ensuring the best material is used for your building's specific needs. This attention to detail and commitment to using the latest techniques sets them apart from other Structural Builders in Nottingham.

Transparent Communication and Project Management

Good builders not only excel in craftsmanship but also in communication and project management. A successful project relies on clear and regular communication between the builders and the client. Being an expert in building services in Nottingham they pride themselves on providing full project management, keeping clients informed at every stage of the project. Their team is approachable, friendly, and always available to offer expert advice, ensuring a smooth process from start to finish.

Final Thought

Selecting the right Structural Builders in Nottingham is a decision that should not be taken lightly. Factors such as experience, range of services, use of modern techniques, and transparent communication are key considerations to ensure your project is a success. Structural builders excel in all these areas, offering a wide range of structural services to both residential and commercial clients across Nottingham and Leicestershire. For expert structural work that stands the test of time, LRBS is a top choice. Contact their team today to obtain a free quote and discuss your specific project needs.

[khimjiramdasgroup]

Khimji Ramdas Group: Pioneering Excellence in Building Materials

Introduction

In the rapidly evolving construction and infrastructure sector, the quality of building materials is paramount. These materials not only impact the durability and safety of structures but also influence aesthetic appeal and environmental sustainability. At the forefront of this critical industry in Oman is the Khimji Ramdas Group, a leading name renowned for its commitment to excellence in building materials. This article explores the pivotal role that Khimji Ramdas Group plays in shaping the building materials market, its diverse product offerings, and its contribution to sustainable construction practices.

Legacy and Expertise

Founded in 1974, Khimji Ramdas Group has established itself as a stalwart in the Omani business landscape, with a diversified portfolio spanning various sectors. Among its many successful ventures, the company's focus on building materials stands out for its innovation and dedication to quality. The Group's extensive experience and expertise in the industry enable it to offer a comprehensive range of products designed to meet the diverse needs of modern construction projects.

Diverse Product Portfolio

Khimji Ramdas Group offers an extensive array of building materials, catering to different aspects of construction, from residential to commercial and industrial projects. Their product range includes:

Cement and Concrete Products: Essential for the structural integrity of any building, the Group provides high-quality cement and ready-mix concrete solutions. Their products are engineered to deliver superior strength, durability, and workability, ensuring that structures stand the test of time.

Steel and Metal Products: Steel is a critical material in construction for its strength and versatility. Khimji Ramdas Group supplies a wide range of steel products, including reinforcing bars, structural steel, and metal sheets, all conforming to international quality standards.

Roofing Materials: The Group's offerings in roofing materials include high-performance options such as metal roofing sheets, tiles, and insulation materials. These products are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions while providing excellent thermal and acoustic insulation.

Bricks and Blocks: Khimji Ramdas Group provides various types of bricks and blocks, including traditional clay bricks and modern concrete blocks. These materials are integral to building walls and partitions, offering strength, insulation, and aesthetic flexibility.

Finishing Materials: To enhance the appearance and functionality of interiors and exteriors, the Group offers a range of finishing materials such as paints, plaster, and tiles. These products are selected for their durability, ease of maintenance, and aesthetic appeal.

Sustainable Building Materials: As sustainability becomes increasingly important, Khimji Ramdas Group is committed to providing eco-friendly building materials. These include products with reduced environmental impact, such as recycled materials and those with energy-efficient properties.

Quality and Innovation

Khimji Ramdas Group’s commitment to quality is reflected in its rigorous selection process for building materials. The Group collaborates with renowned global manufacturers and suppliers to ensure that every product meets stringent quality standards. Their state-of-the-art facilities and quality control processes guarantee that materials are tested for performance and reliability before they reach the market.

Innovation is also a cornerstone of Khimji Ramdas Group's approach. The company continuously seeks out the latest advancements in building materials technology to offer cutting-edge solutions. By integrating modern technologies and materials science, the Group ensures that its products not only meet current standards but also set new benchmarks in the industry.

Sustainable Practices

In alignment with global sustainability trends and Oman Vision 2040, Khimji Ramdas Group prioritizes environmentally friendly practices in its building materials offerings. The Group’s commitment to sustainability is evident in several key areas:

Energy Efficiency: Many of the materials supplied by Khimji Ramdas Group contribute to energy-efficient building practices. Products such as thermal insulation materials help reduce energy consumption by enhancing the thermal performance of buildings.

Recycling and Waste Management: The Group emphasizes the use of recycled materials and sustainable sourcing practices. By promoting the use of recycled content and minimizing waste during production and distribution, Khimji Ramdas Group supports a circular economy in the construction sector.

Green Certifications: Several of the Group’s products carry green certifications that signify their compliance with environmental standards. These certifications help builders and developers achieve their sustainability goals and contribute to greener construction practices.

Customer-Centric Approach

Khimji Ramdas Group places a strong emphasis on understanding and meeting the needs of its customers. Their team of experts works closely with clients to provide tailored solutions that match specific project requirements. Whether it’s a large-scale infrastructure project or a residential construction, the Group’s customer-centric approach ensures that clients receive the right materials and support throughout the project lifecycle.

[nehamanglani-102002]

Industrial Elegance: Modern Texture Paint Designs Inspired by Urban Living

Introduction

Modern Texture Paint Designs is transforming the way we perceive and interact with our living spaces. In the hustle and bustle of urban life, people crave a connection to their surroundings that feels genuine and impactful. Industrial elegance, a style inspired by urban living, brings a raw yet sophisticated aesthetic to interior spaces, making them both practical and visually appealing. In this blog post, we'll explore how it can bring industrial interior design to life, offering a fresh take on textured wall paint ideas that redefine urban living.

Pain

Urban living often means dealing with limited space, dull colors, and lack of personality in homes and apartments. Standard wall paints can feel flat and uninspiring, failing to reflect the vibrancy and energy of city life. Many people struggle to find a balance between maintaining a modern aesthetic and incorporating unique design elements that make a space feel personal and inviting. Industrial interior design, with its emphasis on raw materials and minimalist style, can sometimes come across as cold or impersonal if not executed thoughtfully.

Agitate

These issues become particularly evident when trying to create a home that stands out in a sea of identical apartments and houses. Plain walls lack the character and depth that can make a space truly feel like home. The need for unique and inspiring living environments is more pressing than ever, especially in urban settings where creativity and individual expression are essential. Without the right design approach, it's easy for urban homes to feel monotonous and disconnected from the dynamic city life just outside the door.

The Charm of Industrial Elegance

Industrial interior design is all about embracing the raw beauty of materials. Think exposed brick, concrete, and steel. These elements create a sense of authenticity and strength, which can be beautifully complemented. 

Concrete Texture Paint

One of the most popular of these is concrete texture paint. This type of paint gives your walls a sleek, industrial look that’s both chic and durable. Concrete texture paint can be used to create an accent wall or to cover an entire room, adding a touch of urban sophistication to your space. 

Brick Texture Paint

Brick walls are a staple of industrial interior design, but not everyone has the luxury of living in a loft with exposed brick. Brick texture paint is an excellent alternative, offering the same rustic charm without the need for major construction work. This modern texture paint design can be used to create a feature wall that becomes the focal point of your room, adding warmth and character.

Bringing It All Together

Here are some practical tips for incorporating textured wall paint into your industrial interior design:

Start Small

If you're new to this, start with a small project. Choose one wall or even a section of a wall to experiment with. This will allow you to get a feel for the texture and how it interacts with the rest of your space without committing to a full-room makeover.

Mix and Match

Don’t be afraid to mix and match different textures. For example, you could combine concrete texture paint with metallic accents for a dynamic look. Or pair brick texture paint with smooth plaster for a balanced, cohesive design..

Consider the Lighting

Lighting plays a crucial role in how texture is perceived. Make sure to consider the natural and artificial light sources in your space when choosing this. Different textures will react differently to light, so it's important to test your paint choices in various lighting conditions to achieve the desired effect.

DIY or Professional Help?

It can be a fun DIY project, but if you're aiming for a more complex or large-scale design, it might be worth hiring a professional. A skilled painter can help you achieve the perfect finish and ensure that the texture looks consistent and high-quality.

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"FORGED CHEQUE, FRANK LANDERS WAS SENTENCED," Hamilton Spectator. October 2, 1933. Page 7. --- Local Man Goes Down for Three Years --- Signed Father's Name to Bank Slip ---- Accused Has a Lengthy Court Record ---- Pleading guilty to a charge of forgery and uttering a cheque for $10, Frank Landers, no address, was this morning sentenced to three years in Kingston penitentiary by Deputy Magistrate McKay, in city police court.

Detective Witthun stated that the accused had forged his father's name to the cheque and had presented it at the bank and cashed it.

Landers is now serving a term in jail for possession of cocaine. He asked the deputy magistrate this morning to allow his penitentiary term to run concurrently with his present jail sentence and to date it from September 7, the date of his arrest. The deputy magistrate agreed.

Landers is the possessor of a police court record dating back many years. This morning's conviction makes his 26th.

After glancing at the card upon which the convictions were marked down, Deputy Magistrate McKay said: "I see you have already served a term of two years for the same offense. Forgery is a very serious thing. Prison does not seem to do you much good, but you will serve three years in the penitentiary for this offense."

At the request of Cecil Robinson, defending, a charge of theft of about $300 from his employers, an uptown store, Fred Drage, 105 Gerrard street, Toronto, was remanded until Thursday. Facing a similar charge, which involved about $900, Thomas McDonald, St. Catharines, was remanded until the same date at the request of his counsel, Herman Rogers, St. Catharines.

John Schuler, 16½ John street north, faced a charge of obtaining board by fraud, and, at the request of Cecil Robinson, his counsel, was remanded until Thursday. He is also charged with possessing a gun without a license, being an alien, and this case was also laid over until Thursday. Bail was set at $200 or two sureties of $250 each.

The case of Albert Fowler, Campbell avenue, charged with criminal negligence arising out of an accident at the corner of Barton street and Fraser avenue, came up for judgment to-day. When the deputy magistrate stated that he would permit the crown to bring in further evidence to the effect that the accused was the drivér of the car at the time of the accident, the case was laid over until Wednesday.

William Schreiber is appearing for the defense.

[Landers was also known Frank Saunders, Frank Murphy, and Joseph Launders. He was 39, a widower, listed as an inebriate and an 'addict' in his prison record, and worked as a tile-setter, brick-layerer and plasterer - a construction worker, in short. He had a long record, including a term at the Guelph Reformatory, the Mimico Briuck and Title Plant, and at Kingston Penitentiary back in 1920 as #H-242. This time around he was convict #3191 and worked in a construction crew. He was reported five times for infractions, and was released September 1935.]

[custombuildershouston]

Common Issues and Answers with Stucco in Houston

Stucco homes have become much more popular the last 30 years in the Houston home market. Stucco allows home designers to introduce a variety of architectural home design themes and features into their design portfolio that would otherwise not be available to capture unique home elevations. During this brief history of stucco's increase in popularity in Houston there have been many reports of adverse incidents with stucco systems failing and leading to expensive home repairs. Many of the issues have resulted in collateral damage to the home, principally associated with water intrusion moisture getting trapped behind the stucco and either leaking through windows or rotting the plywood sheathing that exist behind the stucco and structural timber of the homes structure. We are going to examine the different types of stucco systems, the properties of stucco and many of the root causes that are the origin of many of the problems.

The Nature of Stucco

Stucco is product that has been used for exterior cladding for thousands of years. It is a product that is part of the masonry family of construction products. The more modern version of stucco was created using Portland cement as the main ingredient for strength and durability more than a century and a half ago. The name stucco is interchanged with plaster and is commonly used for interior and exterior decorative veneers for both residential and commercial structures.

When stucco is used over stabilized brick, block or stone it can be directly applied as a finish to the surface. When stucco is applied over a wooden structure, it requires to be reinforced with wire lath to avoid stucco cracking when timber members move under loading or thermo changes. The lath is fastened mechanically to the substructure with staples, nails or screws. This is designed to allow the wood to slightly move independently from the lath and stucco system without cracking the monolithic stucco base.

Stucco by its very nature was developed to be a weather resistant material that could stand up to heat, snow, rain and wind. As with most cementitious products, stucco is very porous and allows water to penetrate its surface. It is a breathable material that lets water in and out. The stucco will absorb water and discharge excess amounts without affecting the integrity of system. The issues which we will discuss in detail further on, is when the water gets trapped behind the system and cannot be naturally discharged.

Masonry Stucco System

The masonry stucco system typically consist of a 3 coat system. They are referred to as the scratch coat, the brown coat and the finish coat. The general thickness of the system can vary from 5/8"to 1"in thickness. The scratch coat is a 1/4" application coat that is uniformly applied to lath or a brick/block surface. Before it sets up hard, it then is raked to create a grooved surface, that allows the brown coat to adhere more effectively when cured. It is essential to allow the scratch coat to cure before applying the next coat.

Once the scratch coat has cured, the brown coat is applied. The brown coat is troweled on in a thickness of nearly 1/2"and a screed is used to create a flat uniform surface. This second coat is designed to be level, flat and a smooth finish. This coat can be temperamental in the curing process. The ideal conditions for curing should be mild levels of humidity and warm temperatures. If the weather is dry and hot, the brown coat surface can experience shrinkage cracks from improper curing conditions. Water should be applied during these conditions. During cold and wet weather conditions, curing will take much longer than the 7 to 10 day normal period. Stucco installation like any new masonry work should be avoided if the temperatures are not at least 42 degrees and rising. The last coat is appropriately called the finish coat. The finish coat is typically about 1/8" in thickness and can be a variety of textures and colors. The finish coat provides the visible appearance of the stucco. The finish can also include elements like sand or other small aggregate to enhance the appearance of the surface.

EFIS Stucco

Exterior Insulation and Finish System stucco (EFIS) also known as Synthetic Stucco was introduced in Europe shortly after WWII during the reconstruction era to save labor and complete construction faster. In the 1970's EFIS was introduced in the United States. Its appeal to builders was to save money on construction cost and to reduce the required amount of labor that is required in 3 coat stucco systems. If installed properly, it is difficult to visually tell the difference between the two systems. The modern version of EFIS is now a six layer process. It requires a protective membrane over the wood sheathing acting as a water resistant barrier. The Styrofoam is then mechanically attached over the moisture barrier to the plywood substrate. Then a special polymer base coat is applied to the foam and a fiberglass reinforced mesh is embedded in the base coat while wet. The final coat is then applied for both water protection and decorative appearance. The EFIS system does not breath like the traditional stucco system.

The primary property difference between traditional 3 coat stucco and the EFIS system is that unlike conventional stucco, EFIS is designed as a non penetrating surface. The system is designed to keep water from breaching the surface. It is due to the failure of this innate property that the initial EFIS system experienced large scale failures due to water intrusion between the Styrofoam and the structural substrate. The water would work into cracks and poorly prepared joints and sit behind the Styrofoam and rot out the wood members. This was very common with the early systems and led to massive class action law suits.

Waterproofing Stucco

Waterproofing stucco is an essential element of its long term serviceability. As referenced earlier water intrusion is the enemy. If water gets behind the EFIS system it causes the wood to rot. If water continues to get behind the stucco and moisture barrier it can cause the metal lath to deteriorate. The waterproofing is a different process for each of the two systems.

It is best practices to paint your new conventional stucco system with an elastomeric paint. Elastomeric paint is a latex base paint that contains higher quantities of latex and give the paint flexible and stretching properties that most latex paint do not possess. If this paint is installed in the recommended millage, if the stucco experiences slight movement the paint can bridge the stucco from cracking. With conventional stucco it is important to fill hairline cracks that will materialize over time. Unattended to they provide a conduit for water to the lath.

In the case of synthetic stucco, it is required to keep up the maintenance of caulking windows and doors as well as the perimeter of the system to keep water from finding its way in. Routine inspection of flashing and joints is also required. The systems original finish coat holds up well over time and does not require periodic painting.

Stucco Cracks

Stucco cracks can come from various sources. They can result from too little or too much water to Portland cement ratio during the mixing period. They can come from improper stucco curing, improper expansion joint layout and they can result structural movement. The more severe the cause of action, the more severe the crack.

Stucco cracking from improper mixing will often result in spider web cracking or what is known as crazing. These cracks are a result of too wet of mixture, which can lead to stucco weakening in it strength and over hydrating. Long lateral and diagonal hairline cracks in the stucco surface are often the result of not letting the stucco to fully cure before apply an additional coat.

The improper spacing or use of expansion joints can also cause finish stucco to crack over time. As stucco reacts to thermal temperature change, it expands and contracts. As sections of larger amounts of stucco volume move, it causes stress and causes the stucco to natural create unplanned expansion cracks. Stucco is a very durable exterior finish wall system, but much like brick, if the foundation settles or fails, so will the stucco.

Installation Issues

Most of the problems that develop in stucco are a result of installation problems as we have discussed in cracks symptoms. There are a host of additional issues associated with improper installation. We have previously mentioned water intrusion as one of the more serious problems that can result from improper installation. Another common issue is improper moisture protection for wood sheathing. Protecting window openings with proper techniques and covering all exposed lumber is essential in preserving the structure and preventing unwanted consequences.

The lack of improper installation of weep screed can result in moisture being blocked from exiting the stucco system. That also goes for not fastening the lath per specifications, not trimming the lath and metal trim reglets can result poor bonding and cracking. When stucco abuts items like stone or siding normally warrant the proper use of flashing to mitigate water intrusion. Any of these details not followed for best practices of installation can end in the removal and reinstallation at great cost.

Houston Climate and Stucco

There has been much published about stucco not being a sound choice to use as a home cladding product. The product critics point to the wet humid climate not being favorable for any stucco system. They claim that the rain fall, humidity and general climate are conducive for automatically creating mold and rot issues. My contention is that Florida has been using stucco cladding since WWII vets returned. They have a subtropical climate just like Houston and experience similar amounts of rain, temperatures and seasonal weather changes. They have not had the publication of large amount of stucco failures that Houston has been documented having.

We believe that the majority of stucco issues and failures are a direct result of poor workmanship and careless installation procedures. Much like any permanent building product that relies upon the craftsmanship of installation, the success of the products longevity and problem free serviceability is in the details of installation. The devil is in the details not the product. Stucco has hundreds of years of service proven beauty and durability all over the world.

Source. https://www.marwoodconstruction.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Common-Issues-and-Answers-with-Stucco-in-Houston.pdf

[levelupwholesale]

Affordable Building Material Distributor in Adams: Quality Meets Affordability

The Importance of Quality Building Materials

Before diving into what makes our distributor stand out, it’s essential to understand why quality building materials are vital. High-quality materials ensure the longevity and safety of any structure, be it a residential home, commercial building, or industrial facility. They also contribute to the overall aesthetic appeal and functionality of the project. Using subpar materials can lead to increased maintenance costs and potential safety hazards, ultimately costing more in the long run.

Affordability Without Compromising Quality

In Adams, our building material distributor has carved a niche by providing top-notch materials at competitive prices. Affordable Building Material Distributor in Adams This balance of quality and affordability is achieved through several key practices:

Bulk Purchasing: By buying materials in large quantities, we can negotiate better prices with suppliers, passing those savings on to our customers.

Strong Supplier Relationships: Years of collaboration with trusted suppliers ensure that we get the best deals on high-quality materials.

Efficient Operations: Our streamlined operations and efficient logistics help in reducing overhead costs, enabling us to offer lower prices without compromising on quality.

Local Sourcing: Whenever possible, we source materials locally to cut down on transportation costs and support the local economy.

Wide Range of Materials

Our distributor in Adams offers a comprehensive range of building materials to meet diverse construction needs. Some of the key materials include:

Lumber and Wood Products: From framing lumber to specialty hardwoods, we provide a wide variety of wood products for structural and aesthetic purposes.

Concrete and Masonry Supplies: High-quality cement, concrete blocks, bricks, and other masonry supplies that ensure robust construction.

Roofing Materials: Durable and weather-resistant roofing materials including shingles, metal roofing, and waterproof membranes.

Insulation: Energy-efficient insulation products that help in maintaining temperature control and reducing energy bills.

Drywall and Plaster: Premium drywall and plaster products that are easy to install and finish for smooth, durable walls and ceilings.

Flooring: A wide selection of flooring materials such as tiles, hardwood, laminate, and vinyl to suit various styles and budgets.

Paints and Finishes: High-quality paints and finishes that provide the perfect final touch to any project.

Exceptional Customer Service

What truly sets our distributor apart is our commitment to customer service. We understand that each construction project has unique requirements, and our knowledgeable staff is always ready to assist with product recommendations, pricing information, and delivery options. Building Materials Supplier in Washington We strive to ensure that every customer finds exactly what they need within their budget.

Community Commitment

Beyond providing affordable building materials, our distributor is dedicated to giving back to the Adams community. We participate in local events, support community projects, and offer discounts to local contractors and DIY enthusiasts, fostering a strong sense of community and mutual support.

[citynewsglobe]

[ad_1] For dedicated do-it-yourself fanatics, there are at all times duties to be accomplished in masonry building, whether or not establishing a brand new dwelling or updating an current one.Exceptionally courageous and expert artisans start their masonry job by mastering the basic activity of concreting and establishing the inspiration of their very own home. After finishing the earlier activity, they construct the partitions by meticulously putting one brick at a time. As soon as the basic traits of the brand new dwelling have been decided or if an current home requires renovation, the next customary activity is to insulate and seal the construction. Exterior insulation on the perimeter wall of the house is equally integral to masonry building as inner insulation of partitions or drywall. Drywall set up, the ultimate section of masonry work, is usually a activity that Common Contractor NYC will try. This expertise permits the environment friendly and fast manufacturing of important cladding and full partition partitions.Specialised masonry companiesBricklayers have lengthy thought-about masonry work the very best type of their craft. Whether or not you require a complete shell, an enlargement, or the set up of particular person partitions, Energy Wash Contractors NYC is your dependable and expert associate. They cater to each non-public residences and business buildings.Whether or not the wall is plastered or left seen is inconsequential. The Empire Gen Building USA Inc. staff performs all duties with precision and meticulousness whereas additionally making certain price effectivity.Masonry NYC has a wealthy historic legacy.Apart from prefabricated homes, most residential building nonetheless depends on strong building, using brick partitions as the first structural element, no matter whether or not it's a single-family dwelling or an house constructing. And with legitimate justification.Brick partitions supply the benefit of remarkable sound insulation.Brick partitions are notable for his or her outstanding sound insulation attributable to their excessive floor weight, leading to a cushty and quiet inside.Safety towards summer time warmthBrick partitions have a major functionality for storing warmth. Consequently, the rooms stay cool all through scorching summers.Optimum environmental situations for selling a wholesome way of lifeBricks and plasters usually possess beneficial absorption traits, which assist preserve a balanced room humidity and supply a wholesome dwelling atmosphere.Optimum fireplace suppressionConcrete Contractors NYC has distinctive methods to do the duty, making them extremely efficient in defending buildings from fires.Preservation of valueA well-constructed constructing derives benefits from its sturdiness and preservation of the worth of its supplies, which is clear in its fascinating resale worth.ConclusionIf you need masonry work, Empire Building suggests contacting a talented masonry NYC skilled employed by a specialised firm specializing in establishing sturdy homes.Masonry is a vital side of the development business. The creation of the shell is a elementary side of conventional masonry craftsmanship. Plastering is a element of masonry work. The employment of a bricklayer is a vocational coaching that encompasses the development of bricks, concrete, and chimneys.It's typically really helpful that the development firm have a long-standing presence within the building business, spanning a number of generations. It's important to have extremely expert professionals do all needed masonry duties with experience and punctuality. Historically, the principle emphasis of the job is on establishing single-family and multi-family homes, in addition to multi-story residences. You require the companies of a good specialised enterprise to deal with all points of the masonry work. The clientele of a masonry building agency includes each private and non-private builders who're within the means of designing a brand new construction.

Orders for masonry work typically happen when renovating older buildings. [ad_2] Supply hyperlink

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How Wall Cladding Intensifies The Beauty Of Outdoor/Indoor Space?

For several reasons, Wall cladding tiles are growing in popularity in the building industry. With them, you may construct accent walls, give exposed walls a rustic appearance, and create a 3D effect. The appeal of using cladding tiles in your house goes beyond only using them as an entire wall or for your home’s external protection.

Its multifunctional applications can be found in nearly every area of your house, including the restrooms, kitchens, and bedrooms. It is a flexible building material that can transform the appearance of your area to give it a calming, relaxing feel. However, how does it operate? How might cladding tile enhance a space’s appearance and atmosphere? And where else would you think to use cladding tiles? Come with me while we examine!

In what ways do brick Wall cladding tiles enhance aesthetics?

For a long time, houses have wanted their walls to have the exposed brick look, which brick cladding tiles replicate. The exposed brick wall style complements the other decor elements rather nicely.

A mantelpiece covered with cladding tiles or a whole wall constructed of brick cladding can swiftly and easily become the focal point of your room. What kind of hollow blocks or bricks you may have utilized behind the plaster makes no difference. It makes a strong statement about the style you’re going for.

Surprising Places to Use Wall Cladding Tiles

Kitchen

Cladding tiles can be a terrific addition to your kitchen if you want to make a statement. Their exceptional durability and resistance to various substances make them suitable for use as a backsplash or as an accent wall behind you. Furthermore, nothing compares to the appearance of cladding in the kitchen if your floor plan is open.

Bedroom

Accent walls are frequently found in bedrooms. People frequently place their beds against this wall, which gives their room a fantastic appearance. The easiest method to do it is to utilize cladding tiles to create a three-dimensional accent wall instead of painting it. A light above will produce a dramatic impact through the play of light and shadows. Actually, you can leverage each brick’s unique texture and minute color variances to create an eye-catching color gradient.

Stairs

The underside of your steps is an additional unusual location for cladding tiles. Even though it could seem like an area that people would ignore, the fact that it is unexpected will provide the ideal setting for the application of cladding tiles. Imagine your shock and amazement upon climbing the stairs and discovering that they may have a natural brick appearance.

Cladding tiles are a versatile building element that work well in practically any area of the house. They give the place a fantastic appearance and a refined touch. If you intend to employ brick cladding in your upcoming renovation or project, JK Stones offers the best tiles available. JK Stones promises to be an excellent partner for all of your ideas with their huge range and reliable quality. Speak with one of our specialists right now, or find out who the closest JK Stones wall cladding dealer is.

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D'Adda's Ghibli-Style Mountain Village - Part 1

This post will explore the work done by Lara D'Adda, a 26-year-old art student at Howest DAE in Belgium. She shares her journey from fine arts to her new passion for 3D art, particularly in environment creation. She presents her most recent creation, the Stylized Mountain Village, which demonstrates her passion for creating landscapes evocative of Ghibli films. I find the breakdown of her process with this project exciting, particularly modelling and texturing, as I am looking to achieve a similar level of artistry in the future.

D'Adda's success depended on thorough planning and preparation. Before beginning the production process, she picked a concept art as a reference for her art and spent significant time evaluating it and finding the necessary assets and resources. The task was to dissect and understand the various components of her environment and what techniques she could use to create it. This initial phase, while admittedly messy and subject to change, served as a vital roadmap for the project's execution, providing her with a solid basis to ensure her vision had accuracy and clarity.

The artist moved on to the blockout stage after her planning phase, which was a critical step in realising her vision. When faced with the problem of reproducing a large town in a landscape that has height differences, Lara used a combination of simple blockouts for structures, and basic boxes for the terrain, an approach similar to ones I've analysed in previous blog posts. She says that this technique enabled her to imagine the arrangement of the scene, playing with angles, and height positions to capture the basic look of her concept. Furthermore, she saved fixed camera locations, allowing her to build main views and adjust her scene accordingly.

To set an initial ambiance and mood, Lara used a basic lighting setup that included a skylight with an HDRI and a directional light. This helped not only to supplied illumination, but also lay the platform for further lighting adjustments, ensuring a cohesive light and colour tone for the environment. Then the post-planning stage followed through, where she handled the modelling step systematically, starting with the design of numerous general components that would serve as the basis for the village houses. Drawing inspiration from the concept, Lara chose to create assets that can be constructed modularly, using beams to form several sets of walls, a practical and efficient solution. This sped up the modeling process, and gave her the freedom to effortlessly exchange pieces when needed, increasing the overall flexibility of the objects.

The size and pivot of the walls and windows were standardised, ensuring continuity and cohesiveness throughout the production of the scene. This simple detail not only made modifications easier, but it also added to the buildings' overall visual coherence in terms of proportion which is a main factor of good composition. Lara used a smart way to create the roofs as well, starting with a flat plane mesh and then carefully adding extruded tiles to give more volume and geometry to them. Similarly, she used the same method to increase the three-dimensionality of the brick walls and chimneys, by inserting single bricks into the wall plane to create shadows and depth. I like this type of mixed approach since it helped keep the assets optimised while faking a complex mesh topology.

Initially, Lara struggled with the overwhelming task of organising the texturing process. Nonetheless, drawing inspiration from tutorials and her own creative ideas, she turned to Substance 3D Designer where she built basic materials for plaster, bricks, and roofing, which helped establish a uniform style that would be portrayed in the entire village environment. After importing her materials into Unreal Engine, she began developing master materials to maintain the uniformity and flexibility she had previously set. Lara's technique revolved around the use of blend nodes and masks in UE to give her materials some depth and complexity, a method I have yet to learn. Blend Overlay and noise textures were used to add subtle colour and texture variations, which contributed to believability and authenticity.

One unique feature of Lara's approach was her emphasis on reusability and efficiency. By multiplying instances for the various houses and using a modular approach to shader generation, she gained better productivity without losing visual identity. Furthermore, her attention to detail extended to the incorporation of moss, a minor element that helped create a rustic natural beauty in the village. Using a gradient from the bottom to the top of each mesh and noise textures for variation, Lara created a realistic depiction of moss development, a technique that is also used for grass and other types of foliage in games.

Reference:

Lara D'adda. (2023). Making a Ghibli-Inspired Mountain Village in Unreal Engine 5. 80.lv [e-journal] Available at: https://80.lv/articles/making-a-ghibli-inspired-mountain-village-in-unreal-engine-5/