#pigeon v tuber

[pigeon-wishes]

And as it becomes 2024 I wanted to wish everybody a good year of the dragon!

[theramseyloft]

Diet

Woooo, is this subject ever a pain in my ass for something so simple...

There is just... SO much misinformation out there, from sources that should otherwise be credible.

So let me set the record straight as a specialist in the care of pigeons:

Pigeons are strict granivores. 

They can’t digest any part of a plant but seeds.

No leafy greens. No stems. No roots, no tubers, no bulbs, no flowers... 

ESPECIALLY not the fruit!!!

They can neither taste nor process the sugar!

Nothing but seeds.

Not even as a treat.

Vets often suggest greens and fruit and florets for literally every companion bird, going off the parrot template.

If a small animal (non-farm) vet gets to see a companion bird, you can reliably wager that it��s either a psittacine or finch, and win that bet most of the time.

Hardly any one ever brings pigeons to a vet.

Breeders consider it cheaper to kill the sick ones than try to find out what’s wrong with them, and pigeons as companion birds are still extremely niche.

The only way to change this is for people with pet pigeons to bring them to their vet like they would a cat, dog, rabbit, or other pet for regular check ups so that a base line can be established before that animal gets ill.

The more vets provided with base lines of healthy pigeons, the more accurately they will be able to treat pet pigeons.

Parrots in captivity that are fed the fruit and nut heavy diet that most species eat in the wild will develop fatty liver disease and die very young.

Wild parrots fly for MILES every day to forage that sugar and fat rich diet, which fuels their long foraging flights.

Their diet is adapted to their lifestyle, and their lifestyle is adapted to their diet, as is the case with most species.

Parrots have only been captive bred for the last 70 or so years. The larger species take up to 5 to sexually mature, and can live into their 70′s or 80′s

We have been breeding them in captivity for less than the lifetime of a single healthy individual.

Parrots simply have not had the time to physiologically adapt to the utterly sedentary life they live as human house pets.

We take these birds built for a high stamina nomadic lifestyle supported by a diet high in fat and sugar, and have them live most of their lives in a single room.

To keep them alive, we have had to make up for their lack of opportunity to adapt their physiology by adapting their captive diet to this drastic change in their life style.

Even finches (primarily seed and insect eaters, mostly) are usually kept in such extreme confinement that their captive diet has needed to be modified to avoid being dragged to an early grave by a fatty liver.

Pigeons were the first birds humanity domesticated. 

Even before chickens.

About the time camels were domesticated; in the dawn of agriculture and stationary settlements.

What made them easy to domesticate was that, being desert/scrubland birds, seed was the diet they were already adapted to.

It was easy enough to share enough grain with them to make living in a dovecote worth while.

In exchange, humans got some of the most nutritious fertilizer known to man to this day.

Being picky about what kind of seed you eat isn’t beneficial of a desert bird, and wild rock doves already adjusted the volume of their feed intake with the natural fluctuation of seed availability through out the year; eating more when they had to fly further afield to find it, and needing to eat less per foraging trip when there was enough nearby that they didn’t have to range as far.

Because adjusting their food intake according to how close and plentiful food was already came naturally to rock doves, the only transition in the development of domestic pigeons was that food would always be close and plentiful.

Pigeons have had THOUSANDS of years to adapt to not having to fly nearly so far to find enough to eat in human care as their rock dove ancestors did in the wild.

Here is the basic break down of nutritional requirements for racing homers (the breed that serves as the base line for domestic pigeons), according to Avian Medicine: Principles and Applications. Ritchie, Harrison and Harrison;

Pet shops are starting to sell dove and pigeon diets now, lots of which would make decent bases, but still need extra protein or fat added.

There are also lots of wild bird blends that make good bases.

I used to love royal wing Classic Mix from TSC, as it was easily accessible, but it needs a lot added to it, and that can get pretty expensive.

Chewy sells an excellent diet designed for pigeons breeding and performing: https://www.chewy.com/versele-laga-classic-pigeon-food/dp/259128 , which is what we order for the flock now.

But for a house pet or two, it’s often easier and less expensive to mix your own blend.

Pigeons can eat pretty much any whole (in the hull) seed that they can comfortably swallow.

Birds that are performing, raising peeps, or under weight need all the fat and protein they can get, so lots of dried legumes for protein (Mung beans, lentils, and split green peas are favorites), millet (fatty and high protein, especially easy to digest), safflower seeds, and black oil sunflower seeds (rich in oil and extremely fatty).

Non-breeding House pets tend not to need as much fat, so their feed should be higher grain like wheat, barley, and oats with lower fatty or high protein seeds.

The more confined the bird (unless the bird is sick or healing from an injury), the less fat it needs in its diet.

So the owners of a pet or two are free and encouraged to experiment with their blends.

Most pigeon’s can’t comfortably swallow striped sunflower seeds, so keep your selection below that in size.

Chopped up tree nuts or peanuts are an EXTREMELY high fat treat (think pigeon cheese cake) and should be given *very* sparingly.

Chia seeds have a very high caffeine content and need to be avoided.

Other than that, you can experiment with any grain, legume, or other seed small enough for them to swallow, provided nutritional parameters are maintained.

Do not used hulled seeds!

The hull is important, not because they can digest cellulose, but because they can’t. (which is why they can’t process any part of a plant except the seed)

The hulls of seeds they eat make up the vast bulk of solid fecal matter and act as vital dietary fiber.

That pigeons need grit to grind down food in their gizzard is a myth.

They need it to obtain dietary minerals, and that distinction is a matter of life and death.

Avoid the starter chick grit for chickens, and the charcoal grit for song birds, as these are both made with a base of Granite, which is made by leeching the calcium out of lime stone. 

Galliformes need granite grit because it won’t break down in their gizzard, where they use it as a mechanical aid to grind food.

That’s exactly what makes granite based grit a serious intestinal impaction risk for a columbiform like our domestic pigeons.

Because what they need grit for is dietary minerals, it’s important that their grit dissolve in the gizzard to be absorbed by the small intestine.

Hens will lay eggs with or with out a cock, and the cock also has a skeleton to maintain, so calcium supplements are a necessity.

Hens and breeding cocks can also get salt deficient from both producing eggs and feeding peeps.

My breeding flock has Oyster Shell grit offered free choice and free access to a salt and mineral brick for horses.

It is generally safest to assume that a new pigeon has not been adequately supplemented, because birds who have not will gorge on grit and salt to their detriment.

Pigeons deficient enough t crave it can poison themselves overdosing on salt. Salt poisoning is nearly always fatal!!! so do not ever offer pigeons any kind of salt based grit in a loose, granular form.

I use the salt and mineral brick because their beaks are not hard enough and they do not have sufficient bite strength to get large enough quantities off of the brick to sicken themselves before the craving for that mineral is satisfied.

A single indoor pet can be given one of the little salt/mineral wheels for hamsters.

Calcium deficient pigeons craving grit can impact their crops gorging on it.

As stated earlier, my loft birds have free choice access to oyster shell grit next to their feed.

To prevent new birds form gorging dangerously on it, a tiny pinch is sprinkled over their meals every morning during their 4 week quarantine.

By the time quarantine ends, they are not deficient, and will not be craving grit ravenously enough to hurt themselves on it.

Bon appetite to your sweet cooey friends and house mates. ^v^

[kaaramel]

every shakespeare reference in wilba’s speech file (that i could find) by play

this.... this is what i choose to spend my time on

the majority are, fittingly, Hamlet quotes, but she quotes something like 20 different plays, and also the one sonnet that everyone knows, you know the one

i probably didn’t get them all? there are SO many. 

also i assigned plays from memory on a lot of them because i can’t be sitting around googling every single quote so if some are misattributed that’s why but i feel pretty confident in my shakespeare trivia

i didn’t list repeats unless they were significantly different or funny so please please don’t swan into my inbox telling me i missed one of the 9,000 “wherefore art thou”s

if you don’t know what the original quote is then i’d be happy to give context. my original intention was to do that but that was 200+ lines of misquoted shakespeare ago

yeah..

yeah, i spent like two hours on this

this isn’t in any kind of order or nice formatting really, just fyi, because i’ve already spent two hours on it

Hamlet ANNOUNCE_NOSLEEPONFIRE = "WILBA DOTH FWOOSH TOO MUCH, METHINKS!" MANDRAKE = PICKED = "IT DOTH PROTEST TOO MUCH, METHINKS" PIGMAN_STOREOWNER = "HER HAIR DOTH TOO MUCH, METHINKS" ..doth what wilba

ANNOUNCE_MORETREASURE = "MORE THINGS IN CHESTS 'N EARTH!"

ANNOUNCE_CHARLIE_ATTACK = "WHAT ROGUE AND PEASANT SLAVE AM YOU!" PEAGAWK = GENERIC = "WHAT A ROGUE AND PEASANT SLAVE AM EYE-BIRD!"

SPOILED = "SOMETHING ROTTEN IN WILBA TUM TUMS" ROTTENEGG = "MMMM...SOMETHING ROTTEN" WARN = "SOMETHING ROTTEN IN STATE OF WILBA HEAD"

ANNOUNCE_BEES = "IS BEE OR NAUGHT IS BEE?" WORMHOLE_LIMITED = "T'WILL BE OR NAUGHT T'WILL BE?" BACONEGGS = "TO EAT OR NOT TO EAT?" BEE = HELD = "TWO BEES? NOPE, NOT TWO BEES" PUMPKINCOOKIE = "COOKIE OR NOT COOKIE" JUNGLETREESEED = GENERIC = "TO PLANT OR NOT TO PLANT" TUBER_CROP = "TUBER, OR NAUGHT TUBER"

ANNOUNCE_HOT = "WILBA AM TOO MUCH I' THE SUN" DRYINGINRAIN = "IT TOO MUCH I' THE RAINS"

WILDBORE = "LITTLE MORE THAN KIN, LESS THAN KINDA" LEATHER = "LITTLE MORE THAN SKIN AND LESS THAN HIDE"

RESURRECTIONSTONE = "IS'T TICKET BACK FROM UNDISCOVERE'D COUNTRY" TUMBLEWEED = "THE UNDISCOVER'D RUNT TREE"

DUNGBEETLE = DEAD = "HAS'T SHUFFLED OFF MORTAL PLOP BALL" CHICKEN = DEAD = "WADDL'D OFF THIS MORTAL COIL" JELLYFISH_DEAD = "HATH DEPARTED MORTAL COIL"

ROWBOAT = "THE ROWS OF OUTRAGEOUS FORTUNE" SLOTMACHINE = "HATH OUTRAGEOUS FORTUNE"

ARMORSEASHELL = "WILBA READY FOR SEA OF TROUBLES" BOATCANNON = "WILBA TAKE ARMS AGAINST SEA OF TROUBLES" ENCRUSTEDBOAT = "WILBA MAKE ARMOR AGAINST SEA OF TROUBLES"

BEEFALO = SLEEPING = "PERCHANCE IT DREAMS?" (also for sleeping frogs) CORKBOAT = "FRAILTY, THY NAME IS'T CORK BOWL CANOE!"

GLOMMER = "AY, THERE'S A BUG" ROC_NEST_BUSH = "AY, THERE'S THE SHRUB"

BLUBBERSUIT = "TOO SOLID FLESH NAUGHT MELT"

WALRUS_TUSK = "YOUR OWN SELF BE TOOTH" SOLD = "TO MINE OWN HOUSE BE TRUE"

WHIP = "BREVITY IS'T SOUL OF WHIP"

TRAWLNET = "WHEREIN I'LL CATCH THE FISHIES OF THE SEA" (a biiig reach but it has the same meter at least as 'wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king')

DORSALFIN = "OF IN-FIN-ITE JEST" PIKO = GENERIC = "FELLOWS OF INFINITE JEST"

JELLYBUG = "MOST FOUL, STRANGE, AND UNNATURAL"

TOPHAT = "WILBA MOST EXCELLENT FANCY" PIKO_ORANGE = "OF MOST EXCELLENT FANCY TAILS" TALLBIRDEGG = "MOST EGG-CELLENT FANCIES"

WEBBERSKULL = "ALAS, POOR SPIDER" ABIGAIL = "ALAS, POOR GHOST!" BIRDCAGE = SKELETON = "ALAS, POOR BIRDY" PIGMAN = DEAD = "ALAS, POOR PIGGY!" ANCIENT_ROBOT_HEAD = "ALAS, POOR ROBOT" SKELETON_PLAYER = "ALAS POOR WILBA!!"

SCORPION = DEAD = "DEATH WILL HAS IS'T DAY"

ANIMAL_TRACK = "SWEET PRINTS!"

BUSHHAT = "THERE METHOD TO WILBA MADNESS" INSANITYROCK = ACTIVE = "THERE IS A METHOD IN'T"

Winter's Tale BEARGER = "EXIT WILBA, PURSUED BY BEARGER" FABRIC = "'TIS THE FABRIC OF MINE FOLLY'"

All's Well WALL_STONE = "WALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL"

Merry Wives SNAKESKIN = "IT HEART WAS MIGHTY, IT SKIN ARE WHOLE" GRASS_TALL = PICKED = "THE LONG AND SHORT OF IT"

AYLI PIGEON = GENERIC = "HEY DING A DING DING!" PANGOLDEN = "NOSE HIMSELF TO BE A FOOL"

RIII PIGTENT = "'TIS WILBA'S DISCON-TENT" now that's a stretch. STEADY = "NOW IS WINTER OF WILBA DISCONTENT" FROG_POISON = "POISON'DOUS BUNCH-BACK'D TOAD" GENERIC = "THOU LUMP OF FOUL DEFORMITY!" RUG_CATCOON = "LUMP OF FOUL DEFORMITY"

Midsummer BEE = GENERIC = "WHAT FOOLS THESE MORTAL BEES!" DAWN = "WHAT VISIONS HAS'T WILBA SEEN'D?" DUNGPILE = GENERIC = "WILBA AM SICK WHEN LOOK ON THEE"

Macbeth CATCOON = "'TIS THRICE BRIND'ED CAT" GOATMILK = "MILK O' GOATY KINDNESS" SMASHINGPOT = "OUT DAMNED POT!"

MOOSE_NESTING_GROUND = "THE STICKING PLACE" MUSSEL_FARM = STICKPLANTED = "WILBA SCREW IT TO THE STICKING PLACE" ROC_NEST_BRANCH1 = "'TIS BIG STICKING PLACE"

all PUPPETs (non-Max throned characters) = "BUT A WALKING SHADOW!" TIGERSHARKSHADOW = "BUT A SWIMMING SHADOW" DIVININGROD = HOT = "SOUND AND FURY!" VOLCANO_ALTAR_TOWER = "FULL OF SOUND AND FURY" CANDLEHAT = "ON, ON, BRIEF CANDLE!"

ARMORCACTUS = "BY THE PRICKING OF MINE ARMOR" MAXWELL = "MR. WICKED THIS WAY COMES" FIRERAINSHADOW = "SOMETHING WICKED THIS WAY COMES!" WAXING = "SOMETHING WICKED'D THIS WAY COMES!" wicked'd... COCONADE = BURNING = "SOMETHING BOOMING THAT WAY GOES" POG = "SOMETHING CUTIES THIS WAY COMES" TALLBIRDEGG_CRACKED = "SOMETHING BEAKY THIS WAY COMES!"

GREENAMULET = "DOUBLE, DOUBLE TOIL" PIG_SHOP_ARCANE = GENERIC = "TOIL AND TROUBLES"

FROGLEGS_POISON = "TOE O' FROG" SNAKE = "'TIS FENNY SNAKE?"

Much Ado GENERIC = "AS LONG AS THE DAY IS MERRY" GNAT = "MUCH ADO ABOUT GNAT-ING"

R&J BOAT_TORCH = "WHAT LIGHT!" ANNOUNCE_ENTER_LIGHT = "LIGHT THOUGH YONDER DARK STUFFS BREAKS" YELLOWGEM = "WHAT LIGHT THROUGH YONDER GEM BREAKTH?" SLURPER = "WHAT LIGHT THROUGH YONDER FUR BREAKS?" FIREFLIES = GENERIC = "A LIGHT THROUGH YONDER BUG BUTT BREAKS" FLUP = "WHAT EYE THROUGH YONDER GROUND BREAKS?"

there's a handful of "WHEREFORE ART YOU?" "WHEREFORE ART THAT?" SLURPER_PELT = "WEAR FUR ART NOW?" PIG_RUINS_ARTICHOKE = "WHEREFORE ART-ICHOKE?"

WALL_MOONROCK = "IT BE NAUGHT LIKE INCONSISTENT MOON" insufferable pedantry: it's "inconstant moon," actually MULTITOOL_AXE_PICKAXE = "IS'T INCONSTANT TOOL" yeah, like that

several "BUT SOFT, 'TIS SOFT BUTT!" for rabbit tails, bearger fur etc

CUTLICHEN = "CAVE ROT BY ANY OTHER NAME WOULD TASTE AS SWEET" GUANO = "PLOP BY ANY T'OTHER NAME" FULLHONEY = "YUMS BY ANY OTHER NAMES" BEEFALOWOOL = "WOOL FROM ANY OTHER BEAST WOULD SMELL SWEETER" CORAL = "A ROCK BY ANY OTHER NAME" TOUCAN = "A NOSE BY OTHER NAME 'TIS CALL'D A BEAK"

RUBBLE = "THE COURSE OF BUILDING NEVER RUN SMOOTH"

SWORDFISH = "PUT UP THY SWORD"

BEEHIVE = "A PLAGUE ON BEES HOUSES!" WORMHOLE_LIMITED = "A PLAGUE UPON IT"

Tempest ACTIVE = "WHAT BRAVE NEW WORLD DOS'T THIS LEAD?", BEDROLL_STRAW = "'TIS STUFF DREAMS ARE MADE IN" PIGGYBACK = "'TIS SUCH THING AS WILBA MADE ON" KNIGHT_NIGHTMARE = "STUFF BAD DREAMS ARE MADE ON" PLAYER_HOUSE_GOTHIC_CRAFT = "SUCH STUFFS AS HOUSES ARE MADE OF"

ONEMANBAND = "WILBA PLAY'TH SWEET AIRS" (maaaybe?) BELL = "DING-DONG, BELL" (phrase is also in Merchant)

Merchant of Venice TRANSISTOR = "ALL THAT GLITTERS IS GOLD?" BLUEGEM = "ALL THAT GLITTERS 'TIS COLD" GNATMOUND = "ALL THAT BUZZES IS GNAT HOME"

HONEYHAM = "'TIS POUND O' FLESH" TELEPORTATO_BOX = "A POUND O' BOX" TELEPORTATO_CRANK = "A POUND O' CRANK" TELEPORTATO_POTATO = "A POUND O' POTATO" TELEPORTATO_RING = "A POUND O' RING" ELEPHANTCACTUS_ACTIVE = "YOU PRICK WILBA, SHE DOST BLEED!" SNAKE_POISON = "IF YOU POISON WILBA, WILL SHE NOT DIE?" ANCIENT_ROBOT_CLAW = "HATH NAUGHT A ROBOT HANDS?"

Lear POWCAKE = "BLOW, CAKE!" IRONWIND = "BLOW, WINDS" WIND_CONCH = "BLOW, WINDS, WILBA CRACK HER CHEEKS" ANNOUNCE_VOLCANO_ERUPT = "SPIT-ETH FIRES! SPOUT-ETH RAIN!" VOLCANOSTAFF = "WILBA SPIT FWOOSHING, SPOUT RAIN!" HAIL_ICE = "SPIT ICE! SPOUT, RAIN!" HOUNDSTOOTH = "SHARPER THAN A SERPENT'S TOOTH" NOHONEY = "NOTHINGS CAN COME OF NOTHINGS!" SOMEHONEY = "HAVE MORE THAN THOU SHOWEST?" PIGMAN_ERUDITE = GENERIC = "SPEAK LESS THAN SHE KNOWEST" RELIC_3 = "IT SPEAKS LESS THAN IT NOSE-EST" TREEGUARD = "COME NOT 'TWEEN A TREE AND HIS WRATH!" DRAGOONDEN = "COME NOT 'TWEEN THE DRAGOON AND ITS WEIGHTS" TRAWLNETDROPPED = "FORTUNE SMILE ONCE MORE" WOODLEGS_CAGE = "LET'S AWAY TO PRISON"

Henry IV PIRATEHAT = "UNEASY LIES HEAD THAT WEAR PIRATE HAT" PIGCROWNHAT = "UNEASY LIES HEAD THAT WEAR-ETH THE CROWN" KRAKEN = "UNEASY LIES THE HEAD 'NEATH THE WATER!" PEAGAWKFEATHERHAT = "EASY LIES THE HEAD THAT WEARS PRETTY HAT"

SNAKE_AMPHIBIOUS = "A BOLTING-HUTCH OF BEASTLINESS" SLEEPING = "O GENTLE SLEEP!" BILL = GENERIC = "'TIS A FUSTILARIAN" ADULT_FLYTRAP = GENERIC = "I'LL TICKLE YOUR CATASTROPHE!" HIPPOPOTAMOOSE = "THOU ART AS FAT AS BUTTER!" RUG_PORCUPUSS = "'TIS BOMBARD OF SACK" i havent seen what this is ingame but i'm not confident that klei knows what that means

Henry V SPIDER = "WILBA UNTO THE BREACH!" SPIDER_WARRIOR = "WILBA ONCE MORE UNTO THE BREACH!" ANCIENT_ROBOT_LEG = "THE ROBOT IS AFOOTS"

Julius Caesar GENERIC = "LET SLIP THE PIG OF WAR!", PREY = "WILBA CRY HAVOC!" WARG = "'TIS DOGS OF WARG" SOLOFISH = "LET SLIP THE DOGS O' SEA" FLOWERSALAD = "'TIS FOR SALAD DAYS" SPIDERHAT = "FOR SPIDERS TO LEND WILBA THEIR EARS" EARRING = "WILBA LEND IT MINE EAR"

Taming SCORPION = GENERIC = "THEREBY HANGS A TAIL" ANT_CAVE_LANTERN = "THEREBY HANGS A LIGHT"

Othello PUGALISK = "BEAST WITH ONE BACK"

12th Night several "FOOD BE THE FOOD OF LOVE!" "ALL FOOD BE FOOD OF LOVE" etc MAXWELLPHONOGRAPH = "FOOD OF LOVE?" OX_FLUTE = "WILBA PLAY THE FOOD O' LOVE" ZEB = GENERIC = "'TIS HORSEY O' A DIFFERENT COLOR"

Timon of Athens, now THERE's a deep cut MEAN_FLYTRAP = GENERIC = "WOULD IT WERT CLEAN ENOUGH TO SPIT 'PON" ANTMAN = GENERIC = "WILBA WOULD BEAT THEE, BUT T'WOULD INFECT MINE HANDS"

misc SPEAR = "WILBA SHAKETH THIS SPEAR" RAINFORESTTREE = GENERIC = "SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO ANOTHER TREE?" lOTUS = "SHALL WILBA COMPARE IT TO SUMMER DAY?"

i don't think "o'er-peer the oceans" is anything because the only use of "o'er-peer" is apparently in coriol-fuckin-anus, but: SUPERTELESCOPE = "WILBA CAN'ST O'ER-PEER THE OCEANS"

CROCODOG = "'TIS A WHITE-EYED MONSTER" miiiiight be othello?

[moondrop-cove]

I started this a while back and finally got around to finishing it. The Pigeon man, Panda girl and Elf-Demon girl belong to my nearest and dearest friends. They are our V-tuber's of sorts (perhaps if I figure out how to actually rig up a v-tuber they could become actual ones)

Reference used: https://mobile.twitter.com/gurumtokki/status/1272135179801210880

[batexamin]

Agriculture - Current Affairs Questions & Answers for Competitive Exams

Agriculture - Current Affairs Questions & Answers for Competitive Exams

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Agriculture - Current Affairs Questions & Answers for Competitive Exams

  Learn and prepare with these daily current affairs quiz and practice test questions on Agriculture to crack current affairs section of any competitive exam. These questions are from the topic of Indian Agriculture. Questions are very useful for competitive exams and General Knowledge.    1. Red Delicious is a variety of– (a) Apple (b) Guava (c) Mango (d) Papaya (Ans : a) 2. The ratio between marketable crop yield and water used in evapotranspiration is known as– (a) Water use efficiency (b) Consumptive use efficiency (c) Field water use efficiency (d) Economic irrigation efficiency (Ans : a) 3. Which of the following elements is not essential element of plants but proves to be beneficial for some plants? (a) Copper (b) Sodium (c) Boron (d) Iodine (Ans : b) 4. In Jute growing areas the usual alternate crop is– (a) Sugarcane (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Rice (Ans : d) 5. Which one of the following fertilizers is known as ‘Kisan Khad’? (a) Ammonium Sulphate (b) Urea (c) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (d) None of these (Ans : c) 6. The colour of tomato is due to the presence of– (a) Xanthomonas (b) Anthocyanin (c) Lycopin (d) Carotene (Ans : c) Latest Jobs : Assistant Agricultural Officer Posts 2017 7. The cropping intensity of maize-potato-tobacoo is– (a) 200% (b) 100% (c) 300 (d) None of these (Ans : c) 8. In India post-harvest losses of fruit and vegetable is ………. Per cent of the total production. (a) 25 – 30 (b) 40 – 45 (c) 15 – 20 (d) 50 – 50 (Ans : a) 9. Neelum is variety of– (a) Papaya (b) Mango (c) Grape (d) Apple (Ans : b) 10. Which one of the following is not a primary nutrient? (a) N (b) S (c) K (d) P (Ans : b) 11. TPS technique is related to– (a) Tomato (b) Potato (c) Sugarcane (d) All of these (Ans : b) 12. Where do the female mango leaf hoppers lay their eggs? (a) On the dorsal surface of leaves (b) On the ventral surface of leaves (c) Inside the mid-rib of leaves (d) inside the tissue of leaf margin (Ans : b) 13. Seed rate of American cotton is– (a) 12 kg/ha (b) 20 kg/ha (c) 30 kg/ha (d) 35 kg/ha (Ans : b) 14. ‘First blight’ of sugarcane is due to deficiency of nutrient– (a) Zn (b) Mn (c) Fe (d) P (Ans : b) 15. In India, gene bank of wheat is located at– (a) IARI, New Delhi (b) Karnal (c) Ludhiana (d) Kanpur (Ans : b) 16. ‘Chanchal’ is a variety of– (a) Tomato (b) Brinjal (c) Chilli (d) Capsicum (Ans : c) 17. The Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices fixes the– (a) Retail price (b) Support price (c) Wholesle price (d) None of these (Ans : b) 18. ‘Pusa Jai Kisan’ is a somaclone of– (a) Basmati rice (b) Indian mustard (c) Citronella java (d) Khesari (Ans : b) 19. SRI is a technique used in– (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Maize (d) Groundnut (Ans : a) 20. In maize plants– (a) Tassels appear first (b) Silk appear first (c) Both of these appear at same time (d) None of these (Ans : b) 21 Seed plant technique is followed in– (a) Wheat (b) Paddy (c) Potato (d) Bijra (Ans : b) 22. Citrus tristeza virus is transmitted through– (a) Aphid (b) Plant hopper (c) Thrips (d) Nematode (Ans : b) 23. Parthenocarpy occurs in– (a) Mango (b) Jackfruit (c) Peach (d) Banana (Ans : b) 24. Isolation distance for foundations seed of rice is– (a) 30 metre (b) 50 metre (c) 35 metre (d) 3 metre (Ans : d) 25. Guttation occurs in plants through– (a) Stomata (b) Hydathodes (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these (Ans : c) 26. Sulphur–coated Urea contains N– (a) 30% (b) 40% (c) 21% (d) 26% (Ans : a) 27. Khaira disease of rice can be controlled by spraying– (a) Borax (b) Copper sulphate (c) Zinc sulphate (d) Calcium sulphate (Ans : c) 28. Recording of milk production in dairy farm is done mainly for– (a) Quick selling of milk (b) Increase in production of milk (c) Selection of good producer (d) Ensuring Quality of milk (Ans : c) 29. Ratna is a variety of– (a) Wheat (b) Rice (c) Barley (d) Maize (Ans : c) 30. Which two crops of the following are responsible for almost 75% of pulse production in India? (a) Gram and moong bean (b) Gram and pigeon pea (c) Moong bean and lentil (d) Pigeon pea and moong bean (Ans : b) 31. Milk Sugar is– (a) Fructose (b) Lactose (c) Maltose (d) Sucrose (Ans : b) 32. Blind hoeing is recommended for– (a) Wheat (b) Maize (c) Groundnut (d) Sugarcane (Ans : d) 33. Among the following crop rotations, which is good for increasing soil nutrient status? (a) Sorghum – Wheat (b) Rice – Wheat (c) Pearlmillet – Wheat (d) Groundnut – Wheat (Ans : d) 34. Which one of the following plants belongs to family Anacardiaceae? (a) Orange (b) Papaya (c) Cashewnut (d) None of these (Ans : c) 35. Gynodioecious varieties papaya produce– (a) Only male plants (b) Only female plants (c) Female and hermaphrodite plants (d) Male and hermaphrodite plants (Ans : b) 36. The Green Revolution has mainly been successful for– (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Maize (d) Gram (Ans : b) 37. The number of essential mineral elements of plant is– (a) 20 (b) 16 (c) 13 (d) 21 (Ans : b) 38. Damaging stage of potato tuber moth is– (a) Larva (b) Adult (c) Pupa (d) All of these (Ans : a) 39. Vinegar contains, ……….. per cent acetic acid. (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) 15 (Ans : d) 40. Botanically pineapple is a– (a) Pome (b) Berry (c) Baluster (d) Sorosis (Ans : d) 41. Which of the following is glyceride? (a) Coconut oil (b) Kerosine oil (c) Essential oil (d) Catechol (Ans : d) 42. Prabhat is an early short duration variety of– (a) Green gram (b) Black gram (c) Red gram (d) Gram (Ans : c) 43. Rice and wheat has how many stamens? (a) 3, 3 (b) 6, 6 (c) 3, 6 (d) 6, 3 (Ans : a) 44. Greening of potato results in– (a) Increase in nutritional quality (b) Decrease in nutritional quality (c) Increase in disease resistance (d) Decrease in disease resistance (Ans : b) 45. Damping-off disease of vegetable nursery can be controlled by– (a) Solarization (b) Mixing of fungicides in soil (c) Seed treatment (d) All of these (Ans : d) 46. Which one of the following can be suitable for cropping as a wheat mixed crop? (a) Mustard (b) Jowar (c) Cotton (d) Cabbage (Ans : a) 47. Groundnut pegs when developed in the soil form– (a) Roots (b) Stems (c) Tubers (d) Fruits (Ans : d) 48 The optimum cardinal temperature point for germination of rice seeds is– (a) 20°C – 25°C (b) 18°C – 22°C (c) 37°C – 39°C (d) 30°C – 32°C (Ans : a) 49. Numbers of agro-climate and ecological zones classified by ICAR respectively are– (a) 8, 131 (b) 131, 8 (c) 15, 131 (d) 21, 15 (Ans : c) 50. Pink bollworm is a pest of– (a) Mustard (b) Cotton (c) Okra (d) Gram (Ans : b)

v List of Folk Dance Form in India – State Wise For Bank Exam

v Famous Palaces in India

v LIST OF SPACE RESEARCH CENTERS IN INDIA

v Famous Temples in India

v Major Tiger Reserves of India

v Union Territories with their capitals and governing bodies

v Important Indian Towns and Cities situated on River Bank

v List of Longest, Largest, Highest, Tallest Places in the India

v List of Waterfalls in India

v List of First in India

v List of Indian Government Schemes

v India’s Rank on different index 2018

v List of Insurance Joint Ventures in India

v Important Missiles of India

v List of Indian Ambassadors to Foreign Countries

v Thermal Power Stations & Hydro Stations In India

v Major Religions of the World

v Memorial Places of Famous Indian Leaders

v 50 Major Airlines of the World

v Cities and Their Nicknames

v Nick names of Famous Persons & Sportsperson

v Indian Political Parties & their Leaders & Symbols

v State Symbols of India

v Countries visited by Narendra Modi (2014-2017)

v National Parks of India

v Important Museums In India

v Recently Appointed Brand Ambassadors

v All Chief Justices of India Since 1950 Till Date

v Important International Boundary Lines

v Famous Cricket Stadium In World

v Major Lakes in India

v ‘Father of the Nation’ of Different Countries

v Indian Cities and Their Nicknames

v Highest, Longest, Biggest, Largest, Deepest, Smallest of the World & India

v 50 Famous Sports Personalities in India

v List of 29 Indian States and Their Capitals + Chief Ministers in 2018

v National Symbols of India

v Indian Railway Zones Headquarters & Divisions

v List of Bharat Ratna Award Winners 1954 – 2017

v Difference Between Private And Nationalised Banks?

v Khel Ratna, Arjuna & Dronacharya award winners for 2017

v Jnanpith Award Winners 2017

v Man Booker Prize Winners Complete List (1969-2017)

v Agriculture GK Objective Question & Answers MCQ

v Socio – Religious Reform Movements In India

v Best Famous Slogans/Quotes By Indian Freedom Fighters

v Important Wars & Battles in Indian History

v Important Years/Dates in Indian History 1851 to 2010

v Regional Rural Banks ( Sponsors & States )

v List Of National & International Airports In India

v 14 Major Seaports in India, Indian Sea ports

v Joint Military Exercises Of Indian Army With Other Countries 2018

v Bank, Headquarters, Tagline/Slogan & Their Chairman/Head 2018

v CEOs, MDs & Heads of Indian Banks 2018

v Foreign Banks in India And Their Headquarter 2018

v Heads of Important Offices in India :Latest

v Important Indian Organisations And Their Headquarters 2018

v List of 35 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

  v List of Folk Dance Form in India – State Wise For Bank Exam

v Famous Palaces in India

v LIST OF SPACE RESEARCH CENTERS IN INDIA

v Famous Temples in India

v Major Tiger Reserves of India

v Union Territories with their capitals and governing bodies

v Important Indian Towns and Cities situated on River Bank

v List of Longest, Largest, Highest, Tallest Places in the India

v List of Waterfalls in India

v List of First in India

v List of Indian Government Schemes

v India’s Rank on different index 2018

v List of Insurance Joint Ventures in India

v Important Missiles of India

v List of Indian Ambassadors to Foreign Countries

v Thermal Power Stations & Hydro Stations In India

v Major Religions of the World

v Memorial Places of Famous Indian Leaders

v 50 Major Airlines of the World

v Cities and Their Nicknames

v Nick names of Famous Persons & Sportsperson

v Indian Political Parties & their Leaders & Symbols

v State Symbols of India

v Countries visited by Narendra Modi (2014-2017)

v National Parks of India

v Important Museums In India

v Recently Appointed Brand Ambassadors

v All Chief Justices of India Since 1950 Till Date

v Important International Boundary Lines

v Famous Cricket Stadium In World

v Major Lakes in India

v ‘Father of the Nation’ of Different Countries

v Indian Cities and Their Nicknames

v Highest, Longest, Biggest, Largest, Deepest, Smallest of the World & India

v 50 Famous Sports Personalities in India

v List of 29 Indian States and Their Capitals + Chief Ministers in 2018

v National Symbols of India

v Indian Railway Zones Headquarters & Divisions

v List of Bharat Ratna Award Winners 1954 – 2017

v Difference Between Private And Nationalised Banks?

v Khel Ratna, Arjuna & Dronacharya award winners for 2017

v Jnanpith Award Winners 2017

v Man Booker Prize Winners Complete List (1969-2017)

v Agriculture GK Objective Question & Answers MCQ

v Socio – Religious Reform Movements In India

v Best Famous Slogans/Quotes By Indian Freedom Fighters

v Important Wars & Battles in Indian History

v Important Years/Dates in Indian History 1851 to 2010

v Regional Rural Banks ( Sponsors & States )

v List Of National & International Airports In India

v 14 Major Seaports in India, Indian Sea ports

v Joint Military Exercises Of Indian Army With Other Countries 2018

v Bank, Headquarters, Tagline/Slogan & Their Chairman/Head 2018

v CEOs, MDs & Heads of Indian Banks 2018

v Foreign Banks in India And Their Headquarter 2018

v Heads of Important Offices in India :Latest

v Important Indian Organisations And Their Headquarters 2018

v List of 35 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

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[pigeon-wishes]

Made myself a brb screen! And I’m super chuffed with it considering I don’t really do backgrounds especially interiors very often!

The blank posters on the left would have Fanart in! and the box on the right is for chat!

Below is some screen caps from the animation!

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Live 2d is a very hard software to learn!

But the eyes they are done! They look a little off here but the animation should be so quick it won’t matter, hopefully!

She is one step closer to being born!

[pigeon-wishes]

I’ve been making emotes so they’re ready for my debut!

[pigeon-wishes]

Hi everyone! I hope you have a good holiday season!

It’s pretty chilly here in the uk right now!

Remember to wrap up warm! Efa loves you all!

Saw this meme going around the vtuber spaces so I thought I’d get in on it too!

Base came from twitter but I couldn’t find an original!

[pigeon-wishes]

Trying out some more extreme line variation!

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I just realised I never posted my holiday art to here!

[pigeon-wishes]

I got some amazing Christmas presents this year! Both these jumpers are soo soft irl!

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Did some fan art for a vtuber I watch! It’s Roy chiato a bunny barista!

[pigeon-wishes]

I know tumblr peeps will appreciate this piece I made as a goal for my bud vespertinevalantines charity stream yesterday, where he was raising money for the Trevor project by reading the whole of my immortal!

One of the Dono goals was a drawing from me of vesp as ebony darkness dementia raven way!

We ended up raising over $200! Thanks anyone who came! It was a mind melting fun time!

[theramseyloft]

What is your opinion on The Crazy Pigeon Lady on youtube? Also I'm sorry for what you're going through, hope you get through it just fine.

OohI looked her up, and thus far like her over all.

We have a few differences, but they are thus far location relevant.

In the first episode, she discusses the difference between a pigeon and dove from a purely taxonomical and linguistic stand point, with out any apparent regard for the possibility that the person asking may have been asking about how to differentiate between the different domestic species.

It may not have dawned on her that that was a possible aspect of the question.

She is in the UK, where all white pigeons are colloquially referred to as Doves, and colored birds referred to as Pigeons, giving rise to the common misconception that colored and white pigeons are two different species.

In regards to whether or not pigeons are dirty, she defines ferals as “Formerly domesticated, now wild birds” which is not true in North America, because there are no wild populations of rock doves for ferals to get any fresh infusions of wild blood from.

There are unaltered, still wild native Rock Dove populations in the UK with which ferals can interbreed, making them at least some degree of genuinely wild there.

Her answer concerning pigeons as a disease risk was accurate and thorough.

I’m going through their pigeons as pets series, presently.

Episode one revolves around why some one might want a pet pigeons that is very detailed and largely accurate.

She is not correct in Ringnecks or other species of doves having similar temperaments to pigeons, or in them being more than minorly social (other columbid species pair bond exclusively and do not flock year round the way domestic Pigeons do).

I like that she differentiates Pigeon vs. other columbid species cooing. ^v^

I also like that the why you would want one is followed by “here are some potential issues to consider to make sure this will be a good pet for you before you get one.”

She goes into cleaning, briefly, but succinctly.

And a bit about social needs and commitment.

And considering whether or not you want to breed.

Great introduction, with minimal inaccuracy.

Episode Two is focused on selection and aquisition of the bird.

Ooh! She begins by discussing pros and cons both of purchase from breeders and adopting from a rescue.

Most of the pros from a breeder are excellent and correct, but she does mention among the cons “A pigeon purchased from a breeder takes a home away from a rescue, so consider that if that’s important to you”, which is not true, as people choose to go to a breeder or a rescue for entirely different reasons.

A particularly excellent con she mentions of going to a breeder is that breeders tend to breed in very large numbers, and probably won’t have spent any real time getting to know any individual bird, so the individual’s temperament may be a bit of a crapshoot.

This is something we ae trying to change, but is still very much true of the vast majority of pigeon breeders, and is a fantastic point to consider for looking into the acquisition of a pet.

Their pros and cons of adopting from a rescue were accurate and balanced.

And acknowledging that it is a responsible action for a first time pigeon owner to take time to consider whether or not they can care for a traumatized, disabled, or special needs bird is something I greatly appreciate.

She goes from here into pros and cons of different types of pigeons, categorized as Exhibition, performance, utility, and rescue.

Her assessment that healthy performers can’t or should not be kept indoors (only disabled or geriatric individuals) is inaccurate.

As many of you have seen from my own birds, Homers and Rollers can be perfectly happy indoors, so long as they are not caged in anything smaller than a pigeon proofed room.

It is not a requirement that they be allowed free flight outside to be physically, mentally, or emotionally healthy.

Interesting side note: Apparently, meat pigeons eaten in the UK are more often sourced by hunting than farmed, so commercially bred utility birds are not much of a thing there.

She also goes into whether to start with a single bird or a pair, in excellent detail.

She also lays out that housing and a carrier to bring the bird home in should be prepared before going to get the bird.

She discusses checking the claenliness of the breeder or rescues loft (I like that she specifies to also check a rescue’s cleanliness, rather than assuming a rescue will be clean because it is a rescue.)

Her advice to talk to the breeder or rescue is excellent.

And she goes into a lot of detail of what warning signs to avoid while trying to select a healthy bird.

Going into detail about what healthy poop should look like is an excellent and often overlooked addition that I am especially pleased she has not missed.

She even goes into sexing, meds, and vaccinations.

The discussion of acclimating a  new bird to the changed environment is excellent.

One week is WAY too short a time to isolate a new bird from previous residents. Most pigeon diseases take two to three weeks to develop symptoms, so my minimum quarantine is four weeks.

Their acclimation advice otherwise is fantastic.

Episode three focuses on enclosures and equipment.

Fantastic point was made that there is not an indoor cage large enough for a pigeon to live in full time, and flight time outside of it is a must for several reasons.

Considerations for what type of enclosure of what size in what location is excellent.

Planning for enclosure maintenance is excellent.

Would have liked for her to have shown the enclosures she uses for her birds, but the descriptions are detailed and accurate.

She includes that perches need to be flat on top and not too crowded or numerous.

Pleased by the recommendation of at least one brick. ^v^

I would not advise lining a pigeon enclosure with a towel, because of the ease with which strings can be picked out of place with their claws in the course of just walking over it, which could tangle around the toes and cut off circulation if the string comes free of the towel or break the toe if it doesn’t, and the tangled bird panics.

Fleece is a safe alternative that doesn’t come apart in full threads and will not tangle this way, if you like the idea of a fabric floor.

She details news paper, puppy pads, wood shavings, and sand accurately.

LOVE that she detailed deep ceramic ramekins as being ideal for water, while preferring shallower ones for food and grit.

aaaand there she goes into what to use to feed greens. >v<

Pigeons cannot digest anything but seeds. 

Please do not feed them greens, roots, tubers, stems, flowers, or fruits. 

Yes, there are nutrients in those things, but they do the pigeon absolutely no good if they cannot process those items to get to those nutrients.

This is a very common misconception stemming from parrot care.

The discussion of carriers is succinct and accurate.

Gram scales, claw clippers, measuring equipment, and bath dishes were also discussed in excellent detail.

The next does into diet, and I expect to do a lot of yelling about the addition of veggies. >v<

But, at this point, I think I’ve sampled enough to give a verdict.

The vast majority of what I have seen on care of pet pigeons is accurate, and she breaks things down in perfect detail for beginners looking into getting their first pigeon.

There are a few linguistic and location-specific differences between UK and North American pigeons; things that apply in one that do not in the other. For example, meat pigeons being bred for consumption vs hunted, and whether or not ferals can accurately be described as Wild or semi-wild.

One potentially dangerous bedding material being recommended, one misconception about recue versus breeder, and further perpetuation of a very common dietary myth are the only inaccuracies I have seen so far.

This woman pays close attention to her birds, and they are comfortable and happy in her company, which speaks volumes for her relationship with them.

Her advice for starting to build a relationship with a newly acquired bird is absolutely spot on.

If you, or any of my other followers, would like me to continue reviewing her care series on pigeons as pets, or any other pigeon related content, you are welcome to submit videos for commentary in my ask box.

I greatly respect blogs like @is-the-owl-vid-cute and would not mind providing a similar service in regard to pigeons.

[theramseyloft]

Since vegetables are bad for pigeons why is it okay to give them peas as a treat?

Peas aren’t leaf, stem, root, tuber, or fruit matter. They’re seeds in the legume family. ^v^So are beans and lentils.