#pierre d'alençon

[histoireettralala]

Loyal brothers

The Capetian kings found their brothers no more difficult than their sons. The exceptions were the brothers of Henri I, Robert and Eudes, but thereafter the younger Capetians developed a tradition of loyalty to their elders. Robert of Dreux, the brother of Louis VII, who was the focus of a feudal revolt in 1149, was only a partial exception, for at that date the king was still in the East, and the real object of the hostility was the regent Suger. By contrast, Hugh of Vermandois was described by contemporaries as the coadjutor of his brother, Philip I. St Louis's brothers, Robert of Artois, Alphonse of Poitiers, and Charles of Anjou, never caused him any difficulties, and the same can be said of Peter of Alençon and Robert of Clermont in the reign of their brother Philip III. Even the disturbing Charles of Valois, with his designs on the crowns of Aragon and Constantinople, was always a faithful servant to his brother Philip the Fair, and to the latter's sons. The declaration which he made when on the point of invading Italy in the service of the Pope is revealing:

"As we propose to go to the aid of the Church of Rome and of our dear lord, the mighty prince Charles, by the grace of God King of Sicily, be it known to all men that, as soon as the necessities of the same Church and King shall be, with God's help, in such state that we may with safety leave them, we shall then return to our most dear lord and brother Philip, by the grace of God King of France, should he have need of us. And we promise loyally and in all good faith that we shall not undertake any expedition to Constantinople, unless it be at the desire and with the advice of our dear lord and brother. And should it happen that our dear lord and brother should go to war, or that he should have need of us for the service of his kingdom, we promise that we shall came to him, at his command, as speedily as may be possible, and in all fitting state, to do his will. In witness of which we have given these letters under our seal. Written at Saint-Ouen lès Saint-Denis, in the year of Grace one thousand and three hundred, on the Wednesday after Candlemas."

This absence of such sombre family tragedies as Shakespeare immortalised had a real importance. In a society always prone to anarchy the monarchy stood for a principle of order, even whilst its material and moral resources were still only slowly developing. Respectability and order in the royal family were prerequisites, if the dynasty was to establish itself securely.

Robert Fawtier - The Capetian Kings of France

[tvmainesarthe]

Le Mont des Avaloirs ( 53 ) from tvmaine Sarthe on Vimeo.

Sur place, un belvédère construit en 1994 offre une vue panoramique sur 360° au visiteur : au nord-ouest, la forêt de Monaye et le bassin de Pré-en-Pail traversé par la Mayenne ; au nord-est, le massif de la forêt d'Écouves et notamment la butte Chaumont et le signal d'Écouves, second sommet du Massif armoricain ; vers l'est, le mont Souprat, la campagne d'Alençon et le massif de la forêt de Perseigne ; au sud, les Alpes mancelles et la forêt de Pail ; à l'ouest, le pays bocager de Javron. Venant de Pré-en-Pail et à courte distance du parking du belvédère démarre un sentier qui aboutit au site de la Pierre au Loup, près duquel prend sa source la rivière Mayenne, sur la commune de Lalacelle, dans l'Orne.

[funkymbtifiction]

The Last Duel: Pierre d'Alençon [ESTP 7w8]

The Last Duel: Pierre d’Alençon [ESTP 7w8]

Function Order: Se-Ti-Fe-Ni Pierre is a prince in his own right, a cousin to the king, who has been given a principality to rule over and defend… and all he really wants to do is carouse, host parties, and entice his friends into sexual deviancy, since it’s better to do it with others than alone. He tends to react to things on a dismissive level, such as when Le Gris says they are being sued…

[weird-profiterole]

Part of Jean being this socially awkward is because he was spoiled rotten by his brother and comrades back then (mostly Dunois, Gilles and D'Alençon).

[batfleckgifs]

Ben Affleck as Count Pierre d'Alençon The Last Duel (2021) | Dir. Ridley Scott

[weird-profiterole]

AHKLGTD I LOVE IT 🤣💖

D'Alençon is deeply wounded, he won't get over it lmao (you still can hear him cry at night before Dunois goes beat him for being so loud)

I feel so honoured that you used "my" Duke of Alençon as a reference for this awesome comic, I LOVE IT SO MUCH ! 💖😍💞💝💕💘💓💖💖

I should draw Pierre's reaction to Jean's new haircut 🤣

(I used too much tags on this 🤣)

@weird-profiterole 😋😋 Thanks for letting me use Jean D’Alençon, I hope I didn’t butcher him 🤞🏼🤞🏼

Jean D’Alençon completely belongs to @weird-profiterole , I just did this drawing XD

Here are some more doodles of Jeanie boi (love Jeanie boi)

[khaleesiofthegreatdairystate]

I watched The Last Duel today. Overall it was just okay. Easily the most entertaining part was Ben Affleck as the despicable bastard, Count Pierre d'Alençon. It annoys me when people say Ben is a bad actor. He's not, it's just that he's constantly miscast because producers want him in their movies since he's Hollywood attractive, charismatic, and was an A-lister for over a decade back when actors were a bigger box office draws than the IP the movie is based on. Like the vast majority of actors, Ben needs the right role to shine and here was an example of that. Pierre is very obviously a piece of crap but he was a funny and engaging piece of crap.

Maybe it's in part because Pierre spends the most time with Adam Driver's character, Le Gris, that I think Adam gave the best performance out of the three leads. Driver's Jacques Le Gris is a bad dude for sure and it's interesting to watch how he convinces himself that Marguerite is in love with him and that the two of them are playing out a classic courtly love affair. Le Gris also shows what looks like honest regret when his relationship with Jean de Carrouges goes sour. He is a very human villain, not a mustache twirling, black hat wearing, cloak and dagger guy.

The weaker part of the movie for me was Matt Damon's Jean and especially Jodie Comer's Marguerite. I think that the writing and and directing should have made it more clear that Marguerite's arc is that of a survivor and that she's admiral for speaking her truth because what happened to her was wrong, damn the consequences to her and her husband's reputation. I feel like we're supposed to care deeply about Marguerite and her struggles but I just don't. I think Jodie should have played it all a little less subtle and maybe should have played a few more emotions than "dismayed and sad." It just didn't work for me, personally. As for our buddy Matt, I think the movie was trying to do this interesting thing where all people view Jean significantly differently but he just came off as stupid and/or an asshole most of the time. Eh.

[themosleyreview]

The Mosley Review: The Last Duel

Well this is a switch up for sure. Most of the time you have a film that's set in the medieval time period, its mostly about the Crusades or some religious war. The epic battles usually take president, but not this time. This time around its about subjects that still happen in 21st century. The fights over land in terms of economics, titles, arranged marriages and unfortunately sexual assault are still prevalent in our society. I can't recall the last time I have seen a film tackle such themes and subjects in a period piece outside of the 40's - 50's and do it so well. I did enjoy having the main story split up into 3 different chapters and how each one had a point of view leading up to the central event and its fallout for each character. The film felt jankey in the beginning with so many time jumps and quick cuts that it almost was confusing. In period films like these, it frustrates me to no end when the actors don't at least have an accent of any kind. That was one thing that truly took me out of the film.

Matt Damon is always great in everything and as Jean de Carrouges, he was good. Aside from being a powerful fighter, he was a business man and I liked that aspect. At times I felt it hard to care about him because of his ego getting in the way and the way he would disregard his wife. Adam Driver was great as his former friend Jacques Le Gris and he really does deliver the underlining darkness inside of the character. He may be a sort of debt collector, but he is also a bit of a charmer. The tension between him and Damon was so thick that you would have to chop it with an axe and it was a brutal confrontation that was also satisfying. I really wished that both of them had an accent to match the time period they were representing. Jodie Comer was outstanding and strong in the film as Jean's wife Marguerite de Carrouges. In a world controlled by men, she was brave to face them and I loved her unshakable conviction. The scene where she is assaulted was rough to watch, but important to see and I applaud Jodie for not shying away from showing the many levels of grief and then strength after. You truly feel for her as everyone treats her like dirt for her decision to not be silenced. Ben Affleck was truly chewing up the scenery as Count Pierre d'Alençon. He had an accent of some kind, but it was so in and out that I think he just gave up half way through. The friendship between Pierre and Jacques was good and frat boy like and you saw their defining moral code diminish over time. There was a moment though where Pierre had a conscience and it was good to see him have a moral compass that wasn't broken if only for a moment.

The score by Harry Gregson-Williams was good, but almost not present. It underlines the more intense moments, but doesn't really do anything for the more emotional scenes. Visually the film has that defining style that Director Ridley Scott is known for with his ash like snow and cold hues of blue. The action was bloody, dirty and the last duel in the film was great, but it all comes secondary to the main plot which was fascinating. I never knew the true story that this film was based on and it was an interesting portrayal of it, but delivery felt a bit dull and choppy. Overall, I thought it was a decent period drama with great performances, but lacked the gripping delivery to keep me interested. The lack of an accent from Driver and Damon truly took me out of the film while Jodie's performance kept me invested. I would recommend this film for a home viewing instead of rushing out to the theater. Let me know what you thought of the film or my review in the comments below. Thanks for reading!

[drosera-nepenthes]

The marriage of Louis Philippe Albert d'Orleans, Count de Paris, eldest grandson of King Louis Philippe, with the Princess Maria Isabelle d'Orleans, eldest daughter of the Duke and Duchess de Montpensier, and niece of the reigning Queen of Spain, was solemnized in the Roman Catholic Chapel at Kingston. The auspicious event was the occasion of a general gala-day in the neighbourhoods of Kingston, Claremont, and Esher. At half-past ten the guests invited to be present at the ceremony arrived at the chapel: among whom were many tried friends of the Orleans family, the principal members of the Corps Diplomatique, Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar, the Marquis and Marchioness of Clanricarde, Earl and Countess Russell, the Earl St. Germans, and others.

The ceremony was performed by the Right Rev. Dr. Grant, Catholic Bishop of Southwark, assisted by the Abbés Tourcel and Vasseur, French Chaplains; the Abbé Tuelle, Chaplain to Queen Amélie; M. Pierre Mailly, Canon of Arras; Dr. Berchilli, Spanish Chaplaiin, and Canon Holdstock.

Groups of beautifully-dressed children strewed a pathway of flowers to the chapel.

The members of of the House of Orleans who were present comprised the Prince and Princess de Joinville, the Duke de Nemours, the Duke d'Aumale (the Duchess d'Aumale was prevented from attending by indispostion), Prince Ferdinand of Coburg and Princess Amélie of Coburg, Prince Philippe of Wirtemberg, the Duke Augustus of Saxe-Coburg, Princess Mercedes, the Duke de Guise, Princess Marguerite, the Duke d'Alençon, Princess Blanche, the Count d'Eu, Princess Christine, the Prince de Conde, and Prince Auguste of Coburg.

Shortly before eleven, Queen Marie Amélie, conducted by the Count de Paris, entered the chapel and proceeded to the altar, followed by the bride, conducted by her father, the Duchess de Montpensier, and the Duke and Duchess de Chartres. There were no bridesmaids. The Bishop, who wore his pontifical vestments, read a short discours. The service the proceeded according to the ritual of the Roman Catholic Church. At the conclusion of the ceremony the bride and bridegroom retired to the sacristy to sign the register, which was witnessed by the Duke de Montpensier, the Duke de Chartres, and the Spanish Minister. Their Royal Highnesses returned to the chapel, when the Bishop celebrated low mass.

The Royal bridal party then left the chapel, amid enthusiastic cheering, the firing of cannon, and ringing of bells, and proceeded to Claremont. Upon leaving the chapel, the bride was met by a group of young ladies representing the French deputation, one of whom presented to the Countess a bouquet, composed of choice white flowers, which was received most graciously by Her Royal Highness, who, on accepting it, gracefully saluted the young lady.

After the company had reassembled at Claremont, the Count de Paris led his bride to the entrance of the house, where their Royal Highnesses were greeted with enthusiastic demonstrations, in acknowledgment of which the Count said: – “Ladies and Gentlemen, – I thank you, in my wife's name and my own, for your sympathy. Nothing can be more gratifying to me than to see this happy day celebrated by those amongst whom I have spent many years of my youth. The feelings towards us that have grown up in during those years to be at last so kindly expressed to-day are the more valuable because I may conceive that they are quite spontaneous. They have been to my family a great comfort during the trials of exile. Therefore you are welcome on the day of a great domestic joy, and I trust that your good wishes will prove for us both a happy omen.” This address was greeted with renewed applause, amidst which their Royal Highnesses retired.

Chronicle, 1865

[histoireettralala]

Charles of Anjou and his brothers.

King Louis had been notably generous. Perhaps the decision that Charles should become count of Anjou had been made before the chance of the marriage arose, and Louis thought it inexpedient to change his mind once his brother had acquired Provence. On the other hand, the king may have anticipated positive benefits to the kingdom from his gift. The energetic young Charles might be counted on to oppose any attempt at reconquest by the English, and to undermine any surviving Breton influence in the area. Besides, Louis clearly did not regard his brothrs as potential rivals; if he had done so, he would not have encouraged Alphonse to expand beyond his core county of Poitou to take the Limousin under his authority; nor would he have planned Alphonse's marriage to the daughter of the count of Toulouse, a marriage which in 1249 brought him the huge county of Toulouse and part of the old marquisate of Provence to add to his already substantial holdings. In this case Louis must have been confident that he could exercise his authority over his sibling when need be. The same was probably true for Charles, whose lands within France were far smaller than Alphonse's.

Nevertheless, the enfeoffment of 1246 was a substantial endowment at the expense of the royal demesne [...]

From the end of 1246, therefore, Charles had the resources and position to begin to make his mark on western Europe by demanding the recognition of his rights, real or pretended, in every sphere. Although he continued to feel grateful to Louis for his vital assistance to his career, there was frequently an element of tension in his relations with his eldest surviving brother. Louis's position marked him out as one who must be obeyed; Charles by temperament was one to whom obedience came hard. Louis sometimes complained of Charles's insensitivity. Joinville painted a vivid picture of the king's sudden fury on discovering, as he sailed away defeated from Egypt in 1250 and in mourning for the death of his brother Robert, that Charles, far from attempting to comfort him, was playing dice with a friend. Given the temperamental differences between them, occasional signs of strain after 1246 were only to be expected.

Yet historians have been prone to exaggerate them. It is alleged that Louis forced Charles to surrender the county of Hainault, which Marguerite, countess of Flanders, had conferred on him in 1253. Louis is usually portrayed as reluctant to endorse the papal plan of sending Charles to conquer Sicily, while Charles is seen as desperate to get his hands on that rich realm. Neither picture is clearly supported by the evidence.

[...]

The most potent sources of friction were those that Charles inherited from his father-in-law Raymond Berengar V of Provence. The claimed monopoly on the salt trade up the Rhône deeply aggravated Louis, as did Charles's failure to pay up in full Margaret of Provence's dowry [...]

Though Louis did not particularly like Charles, he trusted him. He coupled him with Alphonse as regent of the realm when Blanche of Castille died in 1252. He entrusted them both with tricky negotiations with Henry III and Innocent IV in 1251. In arbitrating between Charles and his mother-in-law Beatrice of Savoy in 1256, the king substantially enhanced his brother's political power in Provence by obtaining for him the county of Forcalquier, in return for a pension to Beatrice which Louis himself paid. He seems to have prevented his wife Margaret, Beatrice's daughter, from causing trouble to his brother in Provence. He intervened in Anjou to acquire for Charles a castle that the younger man regarded as crucial to his power. These were not the actions of a saintly king who disapproved of his headstrong younger brother's conduct; nor were they acts of mere indulgence.

It is clear that Charles benefited substantially in the eyes of outsiders from his close relationship with Louis. His opponents in Provence and Italy feared possible French intervention in his support, and were therefore on occasion moved to treat with him rather than continuing the fight. [...] Louis IX's favour was worth having, and those who helped Charles expected to win it. This expectation argues against the tensions between the two brothers from being significant.

[...]

More striking was Charles's consistent friendship with Alphonse. For much of Louis's reign, the brothers worked together. It is true that there was the occasional spat of irritation between them when Alphonse's acquisition of the county of Toulouse made him Charles's neighbour in Provence; Charles was deeply hurt that Alphonse would not in 1264-65 commute his vow to go again to the Holy Land into service in the conquest of the Regno. But for the most part their interests were compatible. Together they subjected Avignon and the old marquisate of Provence to Capetian interests. Together they strengthened their holds on their respective domains by refusing to shelter each other's rebels. Together they pursued claims against Louis to the inheritance of the countess of Boulogne and the count of Clermont. When Alphonse fell ill in the Regno on his way back from the Tunis crusade, Charles demanded that the best medical help available in Naples be sent at once to him. His brother's death in 1271 must have come as a bitter blow.

None of his other male relations came near to equalling Alphonse's influence. But throughout his life, Charles looked to his nephews and cousins for backing and positive military support. His son-in-law Robert de Béthune was a pillar of his government in the Regno during the early years, his nephews Robert d'Artois and Pierre d'Alençon rushed to his assistance in 1282-83. He remained a family man until death, and a man who took great pride in his closest kin.

This characteristic is perhaps most evident in his testimony, probably in 1282, to a papal enquiry into the canonization of Louis. Charles talked of his family as the holy root from which sprang saintly branches; he argued that both Robert (who died on crusade) and Alphonse (who aspired to meet such a death) were as worthy as Louis of being elevated to the status of martyrs for the faith. For him, sanctity was a family trait, enhanced in his generation by excellent upbringing. Obviously this testimony was far from disinterested. But his slant on his eldest brother's claim to be canonized is noteworthy. After all, as a crowned head himself, Charles might have made more of Louis as God's representative on earth, or of the royal anointing as a kind of sacrament. He ignored the opportunity to contribute to the cult of kings, in favour of an encomium on the Capetians.

Jean Dunbabin- Charles I of Anjou- Power, Kingship and State-Making in Thirteenth-Century Europe.

[kinoxfilmethelastduel]

[KINO-HD] The Last Duel (2021) Ganzer Film Stream Deutsch

The Last Duel [Kino·HD]» The Last Duel Ganzer film [2021] « Stream deutsch online The Last Duel Ganzer film kostenlos online streamen. The Last Duel (2021) Filme kostenlos und legal. The Last Duel 4K Ultra-HD

♾️ Schau Jetzt :: The Last Duel Ganzer Film Stream Deutch

♾️ Herunterladen :: The Last Duel Ganzer Film Stream Deutch

INHALTSANGABE Frankreich im 14. Jahrhundert: Marguerite de Carrouges (Jodie Comer) beschuldigt Jacques Le Gris (Adam Driver), sie vergewaltigt zu haben. Ihr Mann, der Ritter Jean de Carrouges (Matt Damon), bringt die Klage vor seinen Fürsten Pierre d'Alençon (Ben Affleck). Der ist aber eng mit Le Gris verbandelt und will die Sache unter den Tisch kehren. Er weist den Anspruch ab, verkündet, dass Marguerite die Vergewaltigung nur geträumt habe. So sieht de Carrouges nur eine Chance und fordert vor dem jungen französischen König (Alex Lawther) ein Duell zwischen ihm und Le Gris auf Leben und Tod. Dieses soll nach alter und eigentlich schon lange nicht mehr ausgeübter Tradition über die Wahrheit entscheiden. Denn der Glaube ist, dass Gott demjenigen, der die Wahrheit spricht, zum Sieg verhelfen wird. Dabei riskiert er aber nicht nur sein eigenes Leben, sondern auch das seiner Frau. Wenn Jean verliert, wird sie wegen falscher Anschuldigungen auf dem Scheiterhaufen verbrannt.

The Last Duel 2021 Ganzer Film Deutsch

● The Last Duel 2021 kostenlos sehen

● The Last Duel 2021 Anschauen Film

● The Last Duel 2021 komplette Film Deutsch

● The Last Duel 2021 komplett online sehen

● The Last Duel 2021 Online Anschauen

● The Last Duel 2021 Online Kostenlos

The Last Duel 2021 ganzer film Deutsch

The Last Duel 2021 komplette Stream Deutsch

The Last Duel 2021(2021) Deutsch HD Stream Online anschauen

The Last Duel 2021 stream Deutsch kinox

The Last Duel 2021 kinox Deutsch HD

The Last Duel 2021 online stream

The Last Duel 2021 stream kostenlos

The Last Duel 2021 hd film germany

The Last Duel 2021 Deutsch Film

The Last Duel 2021 Ganzer Film Deutsch

The Last Duel 2021 Deutsch kinox

The Last Duel 2021 Deutsch Film HD

The Last Duel 2021 Deutsch Film online

The Last Duel 2021 Deutsch Film voll kostenlos

[weird-profiterole]

Orléans' coat of arms is lily flowers with blue background (French royalty) and baby blooming lily flowers (considered as the "royal nursery" this is why the oldest little brothers of the kings were dukes of Orléans.)

We were freed from the English the 8th May 1429 by Joan of Arc AND the 16th May 1944 by the Americans and the English from the Germans.

St Joan of Arc is the St protector of Orléans

Before the end of WW2, Orléans had a holiday on this day, and we were the only ones in France. Now we all have a holiday on 8th May to celebrate the end of WW2

Our culinary specialities are mustard, wine, vinegar and the Cotignac (a fruit jelly you can only find in Orléans)

Our Cathedral is called "Sainte Croix" because there is a piece of the Holy Cross

We still have vestiges of the roman era, medieval era and napoleonic era.

A lot of the streets in the medieval center bear the names of Joan's comrades (except Gilles de Rais without a surprise, and d'Alençon)

The people of Orléans are called "the dogs of Orléans" because of our extreme loyalty for the royal family back then, and for Joan of Arc until nowadays.

The house of Pierre d'Arc (Joan's brother who accompanied her on the battlefields) is still here.

The University of Orléans is very old, students were even helping during the Siege of Orléans in 1429

Molière studied law in our University

Even though we have the Loire (longest river of France) crossing the city, we never swim in it, it's way too dangerous and you have like 85 - 90% of dying drowned into it.

Each 8th May we hold a celebration for Joan of Arc, where she rides across the city with her comrades.

Our Cathedral is older than Notre Dame of Paris but was finished later because it was very expensive 😅😅 Louis XIV financed a part of it

Most of those facts are about Joan of Arc and I'm not sorry 🙈🤣

I love history and learning, so share some facts about your home city or the city you currently live in.

No specific amount of facts, just what you think of

I'll start

We use to supply the most steel in the world. During WWII the Allies got 95% of their steel from Pittsburgh

Rosie The Riveter was actually made by someone from Pittsburgh who actually went to my College, Art Institute of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh has a Scottish spelling but a German pronunciation.

Our main amusement park, Kennywood, and many of the surrounding neighborhoods were battle grounds of the French and Indian War

Heinz!!! The ketchup, the mustard, the everything! It is all Pittsburgh made and honestly we can't stand any other ketchup. I was happy to see it in London

We are also known as Three Rivers since the Allegheny, Ohio, and Monongahela come to a point downtown, which is where Fort Duquesne was.

Mt. Washington is where George Washing retired to.

We apparently have the most bridges in the world?? The small walking bridges in venice do not count

Air is still very polluted from the Steel Mill days, but not as bad. Before when you would step out you were covered in soot, you had to take an extra pair of clothes with you

We talk in stUPID PITTSBURGHESE AND PEOPLE SAY "YINZ" AND I HATE IT

Today we are mainly known for our sports, we are the only city were all of our teams are the same colors, Black and Gold

[histoireettralala]

Henri III deserves better than his reputation.

@microcosme11​ who was interested in knowing more about Henri III.

                                                 ***

Henri III was the last Valois king of France (19/09/1551-02/08/1589) and certainly among the kings whose reputation was the most tarnished. You could say it was trashed by the black legend his enemies quickly wove around him: weak, effeminate, cowardly, treacherous, immoral... This is how he was depicted for centuries. For decades now, however, historians have worked to rediscover a misjudged king and rehabilitated a complex personality who was at odds, in many ways, with the expectations of his century. Henri III had above all a high idea of royal authority, and a modern conception of the state. In particularly difficult circumstances, he managed to avoid the wreck of the monarchy.

This post will try to be a quick summary of the circumstances of his reign, of his real qualities and personality, of the origin of the "black legend", and of his legacy as a king.

When the future Henri III was born, he wasn't destined for a crown. He was indeed the fourth son of Henri II and Catherine de Medici. Titled Duke of Anjou, he was given a thorough and refined education, as befitted a true prince of the Renaissance. His master Amyot, the most reputed of his time, was able to cultivate qualities that would make Henri a brilliant and eloquent prince " one of the best speakers of his era."

Henri was also Catherine's favorite child. He was good looking, smart, fashionable, an excellent swordsman. Aged only 16, he became Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, and he would soon prove his valor in the battlefield in Jarnac and Moncontour. Elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lituania under the name Henryk Walezy, his reign wouldn't last long - his brother Charles IX died without an heir and Henri immediately left Poland for France.

He was crowned on February 13, 1575, and two days later married the beautiful and smart Louise de Vaudémont, a princess of Lorraine, close to the famous and very influent House of Guise.

France was then in a very difficult situation. The Kingdom was divided and devastated by the wars of Religion. The warring parties were backed by foreign powers and France's political and economical condition suffered.

In the late XVIth century, the great lords of the Kingdom still acted like sovereigns of their own in many ways - the feudal order hadn't yet given way to the future absolutism (which would be the later creation of Richelieu and Louis XIII IMHO, in reaction precisely to the Great Lords' excessive capacity for nuisance). Henri III couldn't afford to overtly dismiss or displease them.

He had to stand up to three main parties: the Malcontents, the Protestants (leader: Henri, King of Navarre, his distant cousin), and the Catholics (led by the House of Guise). He knew that the restoration of peace and concord meant he had to get into everybody's good graces- a perilous proposition in such times. His whole life, Henri would have to find a balance. Nobody would be grateful for that. Mindful of his duty and his role as a mediator in the kingdom, he worked to establish the royal authority as effectively sovereign.

He would find enemies everywhere.

He was well spoken, soft spoken, elegant and well mannered: he would be mocked as weak and effeminate. He was clever and always favored diplomacy over shows of brute force: he would be despised for it and depicted as an immoral, cowardly prince. He wasn't as easily accessible as his predecessors: the Great lords didn't like that. When he got closer to the Guise, to appease the most radical Catholics, the Protestants rebelled. When he leaned towards Henri de Navarre, the League reacted violently. The balancing act harmed his reputation.

With the help of his ever present mother Catherine, he initiated a rapprochement with Henri de Navarre while supporting his brother's (François, Duke of Alençon) plans in the Spanish Netherlands: Protestants and Catholics coming together to face a common enemy (the Habsburgs) ? Excellent. That's a lesson Henri IV would remember.

Henri III was, in spite of his rather frail health, a hard worker. In 1584, after seven years of relative peace, strenghtening of the royal authority, and an intense legislative work, he was still childless - and his brother and heir François d'Alençon died of tuberculosis.

This was a great upset in the game.

Because the new heir was Henri de Navarre - leader of the Protestant party. Which of course was unacceptable for the Catholic opinion. Paris, who chose the Ligue, was dangerously agitated.

What a stroke of luck for Henri de Guise!

What was named then "La Guerre des Trois Henri" opposed three parties, not two. Although he was apparently allied to the ultra Catholics Guise, Henri III took care not to burn his bridges with the Protestants. The Habsburg support of Henri de Guise wasn't to his taste, and he didn't like the ambitious Duke. And if Navarre (whom he esteemed) was to lose entirely, Guise would become too powerful.

Guise was the first to move; exasperated by the King's caution, the Duke entered Paris in open defiance of the King, with the population cheering him on. Fearing a coup d'Etat, the King sent his own troops to Paris, and what happened was the famous "Journée des Barricades" (Barricade Day), on 13 May 1588.

What happened next ? Henri III took a terrible decision: for the peace of the Kingdom, for France to subsist as a State, for his authority to be maintained, Henri de Guise was to disappear. And there was a way to lure him: afraid that the King would sign peace with Navarre, Henri de Guise went to negotiate with Henri III in Blois. On December 23, Henri III had Henri de Guise assassinated by his own Guard, as well as his brother the Cardinal de Lorraine.

Was the King's opinion and attitude unclear before ? That's cleared now. But as for peace ? Never. The powerful Ligue lashed out in rage . The hatred was open. There were outloud calls of Death to the Tyrant.

Henri III would never see the Ligue destroyed: on the 1st August 1589, a fanatic monk by the name of Jacques Clément would stab him to death.

"This King was a good prince, if he'd met a better century", would write the chronicler Pierre de l'Estoile upon his death. In spite of his peculiar personality and the outburst of hatred he aroused, Henri also showed his qualities.

He had been raised in a humanist background and would protect the world of literature (Montaigne, Du Perron, Desportes); he was rather to be found working in his office with his ministers rather than on the battlefield. Although, when he had to, he was steadfast and brave in battle.

He was smart and usually able of compassion towards his adversaries.

He had faith, and his misfortunes made him find a refuge there. We know he even went on a spiritual retreat into a monastery for a while.

His contemporaries described him as a man who loved women - which was overlooked because he never granted any of his lovers a title of official mistress. He had for Marie de Clèves, Princess of Condé, a platonic, but deep passion, and the depth of his mourning after she brutally passed away in 1574, stunned the Court.

He married Louise de Vaudémont for her charm and her wit rather than for politics.

But in spite of this, the image we've had of him for centuries is indissociable from his "mignons" - effeminate youths clad in excentric outfits and wasting their time in frivolous games. He was painted as homosexual (and therefore despicable) based on pamphlets written by radical leaguers, radical calvinists, Malcontents. The high nobility didn't appreciate his "new ways", the refining of clothes and manners, the new court practices. The Ligue used against him a virulent propaganda, along with calls to rebellion and real campaigns of calumnies. And when he died, the change of dynasty didn't allow for a better, more impartial image to be offered. Queen Louise and the Duchess of Angoulême tried in vain to dispell this ambiguous image. The real culprits were'nt even be punished (Jacques Clément however perished).

And yet. He was the one who wanted concord and national unity in a country torn by wars of religion (he lived four of them). His long and unthanked political action allowed Henri IV to end half a century of cruel civil war.

Was he weak ? It is true he bowed to the many pressures of the Great lords. But he always took back control.

Cowardly ? He wasn't vainglorious. And he proved his personal courage, in the battlefields of his youth as well as at the time of his death (he fought off his killer).

Frivolous and immoral ? He loved pleasures, arts, and feasts. But he also was anxious about his soul and salute.

In the difficulties he had to face, he managed to rule and to leave France a considerable legislative body of work (Code Henri III).

What are some positive aspects of his reign ?

He launched loans to stabilize finances, he reduced the taille (tax), ensured the protection of cities, created offices, taxed luxury, taxed the clergy, revived the textile industry, revised farm leases, created fines for fraudsters, created a body of health officers and an assistance service for the needy and the orphans; he undertook the administrative reorganization of the kingdom, maintained the unity of France by overcoming the worst of wars, both civil and religious, and retained royal legitimacy through a regular transmission of power to Henri IV.

He held on his principle of royal authority and modern conception of the State. He maintained.

I agree with Pierre de l’Estoile.

“Décrié”: condemned, castigated, reviled.

Sources:

Wikipedia

https///www.histoire-pour-tous.fr/histoire-de-france/1481-henri-iii-le-dernier-des-valois.html

Pierre Chevallier: Henri III, roi shakespearien, 1985

Michel Pernot : Henri III, le roi décrié, 2017

Jean-François Solnon: Henri III: un désir de majesté, 2001

[weird-profiterole]

I love creating IkeVamp OCs.

For now, I've done two "canon rivals" (Wellington + Gilles de Rais) and some "non canon" OCs (Michelangelo, Pierre d'Arc, Dunois, D'Alençon, ...)

Note how they all are men, because obviously, they had to be. (It's an Otome Game after all)

Also remember when Comte said that ALL women he proposed his "contract" to, refused (and Leonardo saying that they obviously did, because women can recognize a fraud when they see one)

When Comte obviously drinks woman respect juice everyday, because he said that women are strong and smart ? (It's all from "the day Leonardo came into the Mansion" story)

He obviously wanted women to come, since MC's room is girly (so that means it was already there)

So I was like, time to make a female OC, but obviously, a historical one !

I still haven't drew her yet, but-

I really want to draw Olympe de Gouges.

If you don't know who she is, you can ask Google (or wait for me to properly present her later)

My two favourite female figures are Joan of Arc and Olympe de Gouges.

I can't wait to work on her 😭

[weird-profiterole]

I decided to write my own HCs about Jean, because why not ?

Please keep in mind that it's not Cybird-canon. But for a few of them, I used real facts from irl Joan of Arc, so don't throw rocks at me.

PAST (One Hundred Years War)

Jean used to have long hair but cut them later. That is why History remembers him as a woman, because people thought he was a girl because of his hair + androgynous face.

He has an older brother, Pierre (21) and a younger sister, Catherine (15). Jean was 17 when he freed Orléans and 19 when he died.

He got his rebellious teenager phase when joining the army. But still was rather obedient.

He was a cute toddler but would cause mischief with his sister, most to Pierre's annoyance.

He loves biscuits and cheese.

Gilles de Rais started to teach him how to read.

The only thing he could write at that time was his name, taking example on Jean de Dunois' signature.

Quick learner in horse ride, sword wielding and military strategy.

But when he learned how to ride with d'Alençon, he would slip from his saddle (or with his saddle if he didn't tied it tightly enough 🤣).

Would sneak in Dunois' bed at night, feeling safe next to him.

Still waiting for Gilles to bring him in a brothel to have fun even tho he doesn't know what a brothel is.

Used to wear rings (presents from his parents and Pierre)

Would go to Church everyday, and confess every single thing.

Can "roar" like a Lion on the battlefield.

Definitely a Gryffindor.

Wanted to move in Orléans once the war would be over. (But unfortunately he couldn't, so Pierre did it)

NOW (19th Century Paris)

Falls asleep while looking at the "window" on his ceiling, thinking of God or his past life.

When nervous or deep in his thoughts, he would stroke his fingers where his rings used to be.

Wanted to know what happened to his old comrades and his family but since he's got trouble reading, he never dared to ask anyone, not even Napoleon.

He went to Orléans once with Mozart, since his friend insisted for him to come.

Was really troubled on how much it changed.

Takes his gloves off to stroke Chérie's fur because it's really soft.

Would hole himself in his room when Shakespeare comes in the mansion. Something about the man makes him uneasy.

Hates Charles for the execution of Louis XVI (since he was really loyal to French monarchy)

Got kinda over the French Revolution thanks to Napoleon, but still hurt in his heart.

Sometimes he could feel the skin under his eyepatch burn, making him unable to sleep on some nights.

Still got a scar on his yummy chest, on the left side, close to the heart, where he received an arrow in 1429 during the siege of Orléans.

Doesn't hate Isaac even if he's English.

However Arthur...

The first time he met Napoleon, he thought it was Dunois, and he cried.

This list might be updated later, several times ☆