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PCOS PROBLEMS FACED BY GIRLS/WOMEN

What is PCOS?

PCOS stands for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. It is a common health issue faced by girls and women. It is caused by an imbalance of reproductive hormones produced. As we know, every month eggs are produced by the ovary which is considered to be a healthy menstrual cycle. When there is PCOS, eggs are not formed as it should which further causes missed or irregular menstrual cycle.

Irregular periods can further lead to:

●     Infertility in women.

●     Formation of cysts (small fluid-filled sacs) in the ovaries of female

Causes of PCOS

The exact cause of PCOS is still unknown. Many experts and studies show that several factors, including genetics, play a role in PCOS

●     High levels of androgens. The ovary of females produces hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and androgens. Androgens are sometimes called "male hormones". Women with PCOS have more androgens than normal. Excessive androgen levels in women can prevent the ovaries from releasing an egg (ovulation) during each menstrual cycle, and can cause extra hair growth and acne.

●     High levels of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that ensures the food you eat is changed into energy. When your insulin blood levels increase it leads to increased production of androgens. Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, especially those who are overweight or obesity, have unhealthy eating habits, do not get enough physical activity, and have a family history of diabetes. Insulin resistance can further lead to type 2 diabetes.

Problems caused by PCOS

●      Difficulty in conceiving

●      Excessive hair growth and acne

●      May develop Diabetes, heart disease or High Blood Pressure

●      Obstructive Sleep apnea

Symptoms of PCOS

●      Irregular periods or missed periods

●      High blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes

●      Obesity

●      Excessive hair growth

Too much hair on the face, chin,  chest, abdomen, nipple area, or parts of the body where men usually have hair. This condition is called Hirsutism.

●      Skin Darkening:

Darkening of skin happens particularly along neck creases, in the groin, and underneath breasts

●      Alopecia:

This is the thinning of hair on scalp

How is PCOS diagnosed?

There are various ways to diagnose PCOS. Some of them are:

●      Physical Exam: The doctor will measure your blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and waist size. They will also examine your skin for extra hair on your face, chest or back, acne, or skin discoloration. They may also examine if there is hair loss or signs of other health conditions (such as an enlarged thyroid gland).

●      Pelvic exam. The doctor may do a pelvic exam for signs of extra male hormones and check to see if your ovaries are enlarged or swollen.

●      Pelvic ultrasound (sonogram). This test uses sound waves to examine your ovaries for cysts and check lining of the uterus or womb.

●      Blood tests. Doctors will also recommend you some blood tests. It will help them to diagnose androgen hormone levels, sometimes called male hormones. The doctor will also check for other hormones related to other common health issues that can be mistaken for PCOS, such as thyroid disease. The doctor may also test your cholesterol levels and test you for diabetes.

How is PCOS treated?

Till date, there is no cure for PCOS. However you always manage it simply by taking care of certain aspects. You can consult your doctor about this. They will help you with a good treatment plan based on your symptoms, your plans for having children, and your risk of long-term health problems such as diabetes and heart disease.

You can try some home remedies and taking medicines

Home Remedies:

●      Weight loss: Losing weight can be very beneficial in lowering many of the health conditions associated with PCOS, such as high blood pressure, blood glucose levels and diabetes. It also helps your hormones reach normal levels.

●      Healthy eating habits: Developing healthy eating habits also helps to keep your body fit and weight loss. Make sure that you are not consuming excessive junk food as it may lead to overweight or obesity.

●      Physical Exercise: Doing physical activity will help you to maintain your weight and keep you healthy.

●      Skin Treatment: You can go for recommended skin treatment which helps in lowering the hair growth on unwanted places.

Taking Medicines:

●      Birth Control Pills: Taking birth control pills will make your menstrual cycle more regular. It may also help control acne and excessive hair growth

●      Antiandrogens Medicine: They will block the effect of androgens and can help reduce scalp hair loss, facial and body hair growth, and acne. It should be noted that taking these medicines may also cause problems during pregnancy.

●      Metamorphin: Metformin is often used to treat type 2 diabetes and may also help some women with PCOS symptoms. Metformin improves insulin's ability to lower your blood sugar It also helps in lowering both insulin and androgen levels. After a few months of use, metformin may help restart ovulation, but it has an effect on acne and extra hair on the face or body. Recent research shows that metformin may have other positive effects, including lowering body mass index and improving cholesterol levels.

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