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thumbgarden · 3 years ago

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It is not without reason that the famous Renaissance physician and chemist Theophrastus Paracelsus called carrot root Mandragora (genus), making people live longer without diseases. The amazing properties of carrots lie in their carrot nutrition facts, which include various trace elements and a wealth of vitamins, some of which the human body cannot form during the metabolic process. The root of the carrot concentrates substances that help treat many diseases, obtain a strong immune system and rejuvenate the entire body. Read more about the useful properties of carrots, their biochemical composition, and the influence of growing conditions on the value of the root crop in this material.

A FEW FACTS ABOUT CARROTS Cultured carrots evolved from the wild carrots that grew in abundance in Asia and Europe. This root vegetable is thought to have originated in Afghanistan. Carrots originated in Afghanistan and possibly northern Iran and Pakistan. Queen Anne's Lace is a wild carrot that readily inter-pollinates with carrots and grows in temperate areas around the world where there is adequate moisture and disturbed ecology (roadsides, open spaces, etc.).

A. History of the carrot The domestication of carrots took the following routes. 1. 900 - 1000 AD: Purple and yellow carrots spread from Afghanistan to the eastern Mediterranean. 2. The 1300s: purple and yellow carrots in Western Europe and China 3. The 1600s: Yellow carrots in Japan 4. The 1700s: In addition to purple and yellow, white carrots were reported in Europe, and orange carrots were first reported in the Netherlands and neighboring regions 5. Today: orange carrots dominate worldwide, although some white types (for livestock) still exist in Western and Eastern Europe, some red (not orange) in Japan, some yellow and purple in the Middle East, and some purple, yellow, and red from Turkey to India and China

It should be noted that under natural conditions, the content and list of beneficial properties of root carrots differs from the cultivated form, where the beneficial properties of this crop are purposefully developed.

B. External review of key facts 1. Carrot (Daucus carota) is a root vegetable of the Umbelliferae family, including celery, parsley, parsley, dill, parsley, fennel, coriander, and fennel. 2. In 2012, the United States was the third-largest carrot producer. Approximately 80-90% of U.S. carrots are produced in California. Other major producers include Michigan and Texas. 3. In the late 1980s, the introduction of fresh-cut carrots and "baby carrots" created a carrot boom. 4. 4. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, vitamins C and K, potassium, and dietary fiber. 5. 5. Carrots are popular as a culinary vegetable, salad item, snack food, and raw vegetable. 6. 6. Like most vegetables, carrots are low in acid and therefore at high risk of contamination with Clostridium botulinum toxin, the bacterium produced by Clostridium botulinum, when improperly canned. There have been several outbreaks of botulism associated with commercial and homemade carrot juice and homemade canned carrots. 7. Between 1998 and 2017, the CDC's National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) reported at least 31 carrot-related outbreaks resulting in 756 illnesses, 17 hospitalizations, and no deaths. In outbreaks of known etiology, the most common pathogen is norovirus, but also includes Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, Salmonella, Clostridium botulinum, Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus.

It was not until the 20th century that breeding efforts produced carrot varieties with a predominantly orange color, high sweetness, and pleasant juicy flesh. Before breeding efforts, carrots were used primarily for cooking and much less frequently for root vegetables, but then there was a real culinary boom. Cookbooks devote considerable space to describing various recipes for cooking carrots with other grain crops, and medical reference books present recipes for preparing treatments for various ailments.

EFFECT OF CULTIVATION CONDITIONS OF CARROTS ON THE QUALITY OF ROOT CROPS The value of carrots is determined by vitamins and other nutrients that accumulate in the root crop. Their quantity and quality depend on cultivation techniques. When agricultural practices are violated, changes occur not only in the exterior of carrots (small, sparse orange, cracked roots, etc.) but also in their biochemical indicators. Vitamins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other very important compounds are drastically reduced. Carrot is a temperate crop. It has high requirements for basic living conditions: soil and temperature regime, provision of water, and light. The quality of root crops decreases due to insufficient soil preparation (low looseness, insufficient filling with basic fertilizers), insufficient watering and feeding during vegetation, violation of the ratio of the main nutrients (more nitrogen and less potassium), and other conditions. When buying root crops in the market, be sure to ask about the growing conditions of the crop. But the best way to keep your family healthy is to grow carrots on your own plots, observing all the requirements of agricultural growing techniques. Also, only approved varieties and hybrids should be used when sowing seeds. During the winter period, list in your garden diary the early, middle, and late varieties with the highest biotechnical indicators of product quality and prepare carrot seeds of these varieties exactly.

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CARROTS A. Vitamins in carrots 1. Carrots contain 22% of pro-vitamin "A" (carotene), including alpha and beta carotene, which are synthesized in the body as vitamin "A," and vitamin "A" is a guarantee of visual acuity. 2. 100 grams of carrots contain more than 0.5 grams of B vitamins, including B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12, necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin in the body. 3. Carrot juice contains a group of active chemicals calcitriol, representing vitamin "D," including "D2" and "D3". Vitamin "D" can be produced in the body under the influence of natural sunlight and ultraviolet light (artificial irradiation) and manifests itself in the form of tanning. Deficiency in children manifests itself in the form of rickets and in adults in the form of osteoporosis (fragility) and softening of bones (osteopenia). 4. Carrots have a high content of vitamin "K" (11%), which regulates blood clotting and prevents the formation of blood clots. 5. Vitamins "C" and "E" provide energy and normalize the function of the endocrine glands. Vitamin E also slows down the aging process of the body. It is known as the vitamin of youth. It is vital for diabetics because it helps reduce the need for insulin. 6. Vitamin "PP" (niacin), like the previous vitamins, provides energy to the body, supports heart function, blood circulation, and is involved in the metabolism of amino acids. 7. Vitamin "N," or lipoic acid, regulates the liver, thyroid, participates in the metabolism of carbohydrates, and influences the level of cholesterol in the blood. The whole vitamin complex is preserved in freshly cooked carrot juice for one hour, after thawing - 0.5 hours. The complete utilization of the body occurs in the presence of fats (butter, sour cream).

B. Micronutrients in carrots Carrots are characterized by a fairly high micronutrient content. In 100 grams of raw carrots, there is 320 mg of potassium, responsible for normalizing the heart. In Soviet times, athletes were prescribed potassium lactate. The sodium concentration was between 69-70 mg, and the sum of phosphorus and calcium exceeded 65-68 mg. Carrot root has sufficient copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, and molybdenum. Carrots also contain selenium, a young element, and fluorine, which is responsible for the thyroid gland and helps to remove heavy metals and radionuclides from the body. Other elements are present in root crops and are compounds and combinations necessary for the normalization of water metabolism (chlorine), water-salt metabolism (sodium), and the composition of proteins (sulfur). Aluminum, boron, vanadium, nickel, chromium, lithium, and iodine complete the list of trace elements. In the context of low-calorie products, an impressive list becomes indispensable for the treatment of obesity, weight loss, and stimulation of hematopoiesis. Carrots are a part of all fitness diets. 100 grams of root crop (one small carrot) contains 35 to 40 kcal but contains more than 9.5 grams of carbohydrates and 2.8 grams of dietary fiber.

OTHER NUTRIENTS IN CARROTS Recently, there has been a general decline in immunity in children and adults and increased cold and flu attacks. The phytotoxic properties of carrots are almost comparable to garlic and onions but without an unpleasant odor. On the contrary, the essential oils add spice to the dishes prepared. In the early days of recognizing carrots as a food, as mentioned above, the seeds and green tops were used in cooking. The concentration is lower than in other vegetables, but a complete list of amino acids is present in carrots. These include tyrosine, lysine, leucine, ornithine, cysteine, asparagine, threonine, histidine, methionine, etc. Carrot has a pleasant rich color due to its anthocyanins and bioflavonoids. It contains umbelliferone, which is involved in the biosynthesis of basic compounds such as phytosterols, coumarins, quercetin, fiber, pectin, and sugar.

USEFUL PROPERTIES OF CARROTS For the treatment and prevention of diseases, carrot is available as a raw product, cooked, thawed, and frozen. In boiled form, it increases its positive impact on the body in treating nephritis, cancer, diabetes, and general flora disorders. Raw carrots prevent microbial infections of the mouth and systemic infectious colds (acute respiratory infections, influenza). Carrot is used for vitamin deficiencies, anemia, atherosclerosis. It is included in formulas for treating Alzheimer's disease, digestive tract, intestinal obstruction, cholelithiasis and urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, cystitis. Carrot juice is effective against conjunctivitis, night blindness, and other eye diseases. It is used in official and folk medicine to treat diseases of the bone and hematopoietic system. Eating 50 grams of fresh carrots per day (average daily rate) will reduce the risk of stroke by 60-70%, breast cancer by 25%, and retinal diseases with visual impairment by 40%.

CONTRAINDICATIONS TO THE USE OF CARROTS 1. Carrots are contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity to this product. 2. In inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, small intestine, peptic ulcers. In these cases, the vegetable is used in the form of boiled or stewed. 3. If you have liver disease, consult a doctor before consuming carrots. 4. Yellowing of feet and skin in children and adults may occur if raw carrots and juice are consumed in excess. The daily dosage of this product should be reduced until the yellowing disappears. Finally, I would like to warn the reader. Carrots are very useful, but at all need to be measured. It is enough to eat 1-2 carrots a day, no more than 100-120 grams of carrots in any form - salads, purees, juices.

#ThumbGarden #Gardening Tips #How to grow #Carrot #Vegetables #Inspiration #Carrot Funny #Carrot Interesting #Carrot Facts #Organics #Vegetable Garden #Vegetable Patch #Carrot Benefits #Nutrition Facts #Nutritional Value #Carotene #Vitamin #Glucosinlates #Protein

Author: Ms.Geneva Link: https://www.thumbgarden.com/carrot-nutrition-facts/ Source: ThumbGarden The copyright belongs to the author. For commercial reprints, please contact the author for authorization, and for non-commercial reprints, please indicate the source.

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researchinhealthcare · 3 years ago

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Ayurveda Market Overview 2021, American Dental Association (ADA)

Ayurveda Market Dynamics :

Growing Awareness And Disillusionment With Modern Allopathy Due To High Side Effects Is The Prime Driver Of Market Growth

The growing awareness of the efficacy of Ayurveda, disillusionment with modern Allopathy due to their high side effects, increase in the R&D activities, are the prime drivers of the market.

Support From Governments And Organizations In Favor Of Traditional Medicine Is Resulting In Faster Market Development

The Beijing declaration on traditional medicine by the World Health Organization has provided impetus to the adoption of conventional systems of medicine. The support from Governments exemplified by the setting up of AYUSH ministry to promote Ayurveda and traditional systems of medicine by the Indian Government is another prime driver of growth.

The Indian government has also incentivized the industry by lowering the goods and service tax on Ayurveda products to only 5 % to encourage the sector. Growing E-commerce And The Global Herbal And Nutrition Industry Is Expected To Drive A Large Market Demand

The growing e-commerce and emergence of self-learned consumers coupled with the growth of global herbal and nutrition industry is a silver lining of the market. The clinical drivers of the market are growing incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases such as rheumatic disorders, cardiology, allergy and others, lower side effects associated with herbal medicines and lack of effectiveness of modern allopathy in the treatment of diseases such as Hepatitis, arthritis, and others.

Ayurveda Market Key Vendors :

Some of the dominant vendors operating in the market include Zandu Pharmaceutical Works Ltd, Charak Pharma, Hamdard laboratories, Dabur, Baidyanath Group, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd., Vicco Labs, Emami Group.

Lack of scientific validation and accreditation is hampering the market :

The lack of experimental validation for Ayurveda in developed nations such as the United States, where Ayurveda is not licensed or regulated coupled with the outlook of Ayurveda as supplementary and pseudoscience is deterring the growth of the market. The prime market constraints include lack of National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditation, lack of health insurance approval, scarcity of trained workforce, and others.

Get Sample Report @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/6166

Ayurveda Market Segments :

The global Ayurveda market is segmented based on application, disease pattern, source, form, end users, distribution, and regions.

Based on application, the market comprises of medicinal, personal care and other.

Based on disease pattern, the market comprises of the respiratory system, nervous systems, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, infectious diseases, skeletal system, skin and hair, others.

Based on the source, the market comprises of vegetable (leaves and fruit, seeds, roots, bark and other) and animal (oils, bones, and other).

Based on form, the market comprises of herbal, herbomineral, mineral and others.

Based on end users the market is segmented into academia and research, hospitals and clinics, over and others.

Based on distribution, the market is segmented into organized, over the counter and others.

Based on the regions, the market is segmented as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific Middle East and Africa and rest of the world.

Ayurveda Market Regional Analysis :

Asia Pacific market accounts for the most significant market share owing to the rich tradition of herbal medicines led by India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Indonesia, Myanmar, and others. India is the largest market and accounts for almost USD 1200 million markets. India exports of Ayurvedic drugs was estimated to be around.

USD 64 million in 2016. The Indian market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 8.86 % during the forecast period to reach approximately 1990.46 million by 2023. The principal exports of Indian Ayurveda include Psyllium and Senna.

Access Report @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/upcoming-reports/ayurveda-market-6166

#Ayurveda Market Size #Ayurveda Market Trends #Ayurveda Market Research Report

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pagewitchcraft · 4 years ago

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HERB DICTIONARY

(PLEASE BE CAREFUL AND CAUTIOUS WITH THESE PLANTS/ROOTS/BERRIES/FUNGI)

(I'LL BE POSTING MORE LATER)

Acacia (also known as Cassie Flower, Gum Arabic and Egyptian Thorn)

Apart of the Fabaceae family. This plant is used for cuts, wounds and sore throat in African countries. This plant is located in Tropical and Spring, Sub-Saharan Africa, most abundant in the Darfur region of Sudan. Hot, dry regions of Africa - Senegal to Ethiopia and Somalia, south to Natal; Arabian Peninsula; Indian subcontinent. It can cause minor adverse effects, including gas, bloating, nausea, and loose stools. The resin is used.

Acai Berry (also known as Jussara, or Açai)

Apart of the Arecaceae family. This berry is used for Cardiovascular, Diet/weight Loss, Nutrition in South American countries. This plant is very common in the rainforest, Amazon in Brazil, tropical, Central and South America. The side effects of this berry like any other fruit and are not particularly harmful unless you over consume or are allergic to them. Eating too many acai berries can increase bleeding and blood pressure.

Acorus Root (also know as Calamus root, Sweet Sledge, Sweet Myrtle, & Sweet Flag)

Apart of the Acoraceae family. This root is used for menorrhea, aphrodisiac, asthma, ayurvedic, colds, congestion, headache/migraine, sore throat, stop smoking. This plant can be found in the Wetlands; indigenous to India, now found across Europe, in southern Russia, northern Asia Minor, southern Siberia, China, Japan, Burma, Sri Lanka, Australia, southern Canada and northern USA; Ayurvedic; European; North America. This is a very tricky plant Calamus is likely unsafe when taken by mouth. The FDA prohibits calamus use in food products because three of the four species of calamus found in the world contain a cancer–causing chemical called beta-asarone. The most common side effect to calamus is vomiting although fast heart rate and slowed intestinal movements have also been reported. The Rhizome is used.

Agaricus Blazei Mushroom (also known as Himematsutake (in Japan), and Cogumelo do Sol (in Brazil)

From the Agaricaceae family. Normally I would advise not to consume mushrooms that aren't from grocery stores or farmers markets. This mushroom is said to be used for cancer prevention, culinary/kitchen, immune. Very common in Central and South America. The fruiting body is used. The developing research suggests that taking agaricus mushroom might reduce some of the side effects of chemotherapy including weakness and loss of appetite.

Agave Syrup (also known as Agave Nectar)

From the Liliaceae family. This plant is used for Nutrition in Central and South American countries. They are found in the American southwest, Mexico, central and tropical South America, the Mediterranean, and some regions of India. The syrup is used. It is not a sugar-free food and therefore, must be used cautiously by people who need to restrict sugars. People who have diabetes be cautious with this plant and its syrup.

Agrimony (also known as Liverwort, Cockleburr, and Sticklewort)

This plant is from the Rosaceae family. Its used for bladder infection (UTI), children, cuts & wounds, diarrhea, herbal teas, liver, longevity tonics, menorrhagia, parasites/worms, and sore throat. A very common plant in the U.S, Canada and parts of Europe. Its native to Europe, but can also be found in temperate climate in most parts of the Northern hemisphere; much of the United States and Southern Canada. It may make the skin more sensitive to sunlight and may increase the risk of sunburn. Though agrimony is an effective treatment for many forms of diarrhea, it can aggravate constipation. Aerial parts are used.

Ajwain Seed (also known as Ajwain, or Ajwon)

From the Apiaceae family. This seed is used for ayurvedic, culinary/kitchen, and digestion. Ajowan is native to India, but is also cultivated in Iran, Egypt, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Particularly in the Middle East. No known side effects when taking these seeds.

Alder Buckthorn (also known as Alder Dogwood)

From the Rhamnaceae family. This berry is used for constipation. Its native to most of Europe and spreads as far as western China. It grows best in wet soils and open woods, thriving in scrubs, hedgerows, wet heathland, river banks and bogs. Although it prefers acidic soils it can grow on neutral soils as well. The aged or heated bark are used. It might cause low potassium, heart problems, stomach problems, muscle weakness, and blood problems, including blood in the urine. If the buckthorn is not aged, it is not laxative, it is purgative, causing intense intestinal spasms and vomiting.

Ale Hoof (also known as Ground Ivy, Ale Hoof Gill-over-the-ground)

From the Lamiaceae family. This plant is used for many things such as indigestion, fevers, headaches, griping pain, gout, sciatica, vertigo, weak backs, nervous disorders and depression; jaundice, arthritis, persistent coughs and respiratory ailments; normalising heart beat; stones in the urinary tract; stimulating circulation; detoxifying the body and strengthening the stomach, spleen, gall, glands, kidneys, liver (as a gentle stimulating tonic) and to prevent premature ageing. The whole herb can be used. Its habitats and side effects are unknown unfortunately. But it might be found in North America.

Alfalfa

From the Fabaceae family. This plant is used for cancer prevention, candida/yeast, cholesterol, culinary/kitchen, female hormones, herbal teas, longevity tonics, menopause, nutrition, osteoporosis, pet, spring tonics. It is not picky as to soil, but it does prefer full sun and regular watering. The aerial (aboveground) parts of the plant are used in herbal medicine. Alfalfa seeds shouldn't be consumed if you have lupus or are in remission. Use alfalfa only during its prebloom stages of growth. Alfalfa seeds should never be eaten unless sprouted because they contain high levels of the toxic amino acid canavanine. The dried leaves, stems, unopened flowers, sprouts can be used.

#dried herbs #herb dictionary #herbalist #herbalism #amatuer herbalist

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inick4u · 4 years ago

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Tame the Dragon

It was on 9 November 1989, five days after half a million people gathered in East Berlin in a mass protest the Berlin Wall dividing communist East Germany from West Germany crumbled. It culminated in one of the most famous scenes in recent history - the fall of the Berlin Wall. An end to the Cold War was declared at the Malta Summit three weeks later, and the reunification of Germany took place in October the following year. It took US (and west) around 45 years after world war-2 to claim the triumph over mighty Soviet Union when it got dissolved in Dec 1991. The similarities between communist USSR and present day China in their hegemonic, expansionist, tyrannical, authoritarian, Orwellian regimes are not unfathomable.

Rise of China, its Military and Economical Potency

Rise of china started in 1980, due to initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging 9.5% through 2018, a pace described by the World Bank as “the fastest sustained expansion by a major economy in history.” Such growth has enabled China, on average, to double its GDP every eight years and helped raise an estimated 800 million people out of poverty and becoming second highest GDP around 13.41 trillion USD in 2018.

In terms of Military strength, Second only to the U.S. and Russia, the Chinese military continues to grow alongside a local burgeoning Military-Industrial Complex with around 21 lakhs active personnel and around 175 billion USD budget.

Threat of China to India and stability of world at large

Chinese leadership interpreted 2008 financial crisis as decline of US supremacy & inadequacy to maintain stability in economy. First manifestation of China asserting its belligerent policies started in March 2010 with its expansive claim over South China Sea. Chinese claim over South China Sea was projected as their core interest and non-negotiable like Tibet and Taiwan. In November 2012 at 18th Party Congress of CCP ,Hu Jintao who was loathe to be seen as weak in foreign policy, especially in the context of a rapidly growing concern about social stability and regime legitimacy was succeed by Xi Jinping. After that number of steps undertook by PRC to increase their stakes in world stability. In series of that, Launching of Belt and road initiative in 2013 widely seen as agenda to threaten sovereignty, export sub-standard norms and practices, ensnaring developing countries with debt dependence and then translating that dependence into geopolitical influence. China’s actions in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Malaysia are central to the “debt trap diplomacy” debates. This was followed by numerous controversies over dubious cyber activities, maritime and land disputes with its neighbor (such as India, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and Philippines), ethnic atrocities on Uighur Muslims in Xinxiang, curbing anti-china protest in Hong Kong and Trade war with US.

By any parameters, one can safely conclude that china has been overtly challenging US and west domination on world affairs in all facets over a decade now and pose severe threat to regional & world stability.

On domestic front, New Delhi has been very skeptical and apprehensive about Beijing and its hawkish polices after trauma of 1962 war. The event of Doklam, raising Kashmir issue in UN, blocking India’s entry into NSG (Nuclear Supplier Group), Supporting jihadi terrorist on international forums, pact with Pakistan for CPEC with an aim to undermine India’s sovereignty and now killing of 20 Indian soldiers in Ladakh by PLA has unsurprisingly conveyed the devious plot of evil Xi-Jinping regime to destabilize India. China is also following the strategy of containing India in maritime region by establishing bases for the forward deployment of their naval assets and to gain relative advantage and leverage Indo-pacific region.

Now, outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic allegedly originated in wet markets of Chinese city of Wuhan and its information suppressed by China has really triggered the conflict between world and China wide open. The world is now badly suffering with devastating effect of Covid-19 at all fronts and wants to hold the Chinese government responsible for hiding the information unscrupulously.

Infiltration of China in Indian Economy

We need to understand few basic facts about infiltration of China in Indian economy before going into the debate of boycott China campaign. India is running biggest single trade deficit with China comparing to any other country. The imbalance has continuously been widening year after year to reach USD 58.04 billion in 2018. Over time, our raw material-based export commodities of largely agricultural and pharmaceutical products have been overshadowed by Chinese exports of machinery, power-related equipment, telecom, organic chemicals, and fertilizers. Many Chinese electronic, IT and hardware manufacturing companies are also having operations in India. These include Huawei Technologies, ZTE, TCL, Haier etc. Chinese mobile handset companies Xiaomi, Vivo and Oppo, Realme occupy nearly 75% of Indian mobile handset market.

Apart from the bilateral trade, Chinese investments in a country come through direct, routed and through corporate penetration in technology and infrastructure sectors. Officially, China's FDI in India stands at over $2.34 billion. Some observers and think tanks report a higher investment including rerouted ones. They put the Chinese investments in India at over $4 billion. Some of our shining brands having massive Chinese investment are Ola, Flipkart, Swiggy, Paytm, Snapdeal, Zomato etc.

Can Boycotting Chinese Product help?

Any people movement of boycotting Chinese Product is not only going to be very futile engagement with very less dividend but shows our approach of banalisation of very complex international matter with united jingoism. Almost every experts are opining to the contrary and also we don’t have any history of such successful attempt or study of consumer boycotting in attaining self-reliance or penalizing the “enemy” nation.

The range of goods that we import from China is immense: consumer durables such as electronic goods, smartphones, industrial goods, vehicles, solar cells, and essential pharmaceutical products including tuberculosis and leprosy drugs and antibiotics, among many others. It needs to be acknowledged that China has increased its export to Africa, Europe, US and its dependence on export to India is not great (2% of its total exports). So even if Indians boycott all the goods imported from China, it will not make as big an impact on China. On the other hand sudden throwing out Chinese firms may impact Indian industries and tech startups due to lack of investment, raw material and low cost capital investment. Another impact could be further worsen of unemployment rate which currently stands at alarming 24% rate.

USP of Chinese goods has been its affordability and availability. With a careful study of global society’s multi-cultural needs – some of the cheapest saris, toys, Diwali firecrackers and god idols in India come from China. In our country where 75% of population only managed to earn Rs. 33 per day, consumer eventually prefer to go for the cheapest available option in the market. So call for boycotting anyways going to diminish sooner or later without achieving its goal.

Ways to counter the bully

To quote great ancient Chinese General and Military Strategist Sun Tzu “The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.”

Conventional warfare cannot be a viable option to counter a nation which is 5 times bigger in GDP and 3 times bigger in terms of military spending. Hence opening remarks of this article about history explains why India needs a long term, stable, prudent multilateral strategy to counter china and can be classified as follows.

a) Economic Reforms, bilateral and multilateral Trade agreement – It’s not intricate to understand that reason China is able to challenge US is because of their sustained economic growth. And this is an undisputed opinion in the world that India has failed to reach its potential after forced Liberalization of 1991 (explanation needs another article).

An efficient government is one that draws down its intervention where it is distortionary and goes big where it needs to—is a better goal. The Indian state has made the wrong call too often. We have already lost a decade for structural economic reforms and cannot be further delayed. The Clarion call of Atmanirbar Bharat should not be misconstrued to the policy of protectionism and disruption. Though it’s impossible to suggest any magic wand to overturn India’s economic woes (going on now from long time) in few paragraphs but let’s discuss some basic concepts.

India is inadequately formalized, financialised, urbanized, industrialized and skilled. There are fundamentally two different part of economy i.e. Rural and Urban economy. Rural economy is mostly based on agriculture and constitute 65% of population. Agricultural reforms should ensure easier access to inputs like seeds, technology, power, finance and insurance. They should effect greater connectivity, both virtual and through logistic networks, of the farmer to warehouses, rural industry and final consumers.

Some bold steps for Land and labor reforms need to be undertaken. Though some states like MP and UP made some labor reforms but union government’s formulation with wider consultation of industry and trade unions required.

India, with its massive domestic consumption, can hunker down and resolve to boost domestic demand in the coming months. Government must put more money in people’s hands by creating more jobs through huge public investment projects that bring about new national assets. The government also needs to go further in reforming the banking sector & financial institute, including stricter regulations over lending and enhanced supervision from regulators. Government must work on issue like Simplification of GST, elimination of red tapism, avoiding crony capitalism, low tariffs to attract foreign investment, encouragement to startups etc.

India’s Spending on R&D is very low. In the process of self-reliance, it becomes paramount that along with improvement in our education systems we must spend on R&D of technological development. Eg. India has quadrupled its imports of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. 175 million such batteries were imported in 2016, 313 million in 2017, 712 million in 2018 and 450 million in 2019. About ¾ of this import comes from China causing surge in our import bill. With Robust R&D Infrastructure, increasing import tariffs and assisting our indigenous industry, this can be easily overturned in a span of 3-4 years. Same can be applied to electronics industry, mobile handset industry and some low cost equipment’s which now heavily depending on China.

Trade agreements with like-minded countries in non-sensitive sector will also help in much needed infusion of funds and making our products competitive globally and exportable.

This is long haul process and needs stable, strong vision and may not get us the headlines but surely will help to transform our economy.

(In April, the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) reported that for the first time in 40 years, China had applied for more patent applications than the U.S. including artificial intelligence, brain science, dark matter, genetic engineering and quantum computing and communications. These are areas at the cutting edge of science. No wonder why China’s firm Huawei is pioneer of 5G technology.)

Most of things mentioned here are very conceptual, subjective and aspirational. The downturn of Business friendly Chief Minister to the Prime Minister governing with heavy centralization, rhetoric, popular slogans, Communal division is tragic and still anew in our mind. But hope some sanity prevails because history won’t be as forgiving as present day electorate.

b) Military & strategic Co-operation with World Powers & Alliance with geo-political Anti-China Forces – Well the good news is that in the post COVID era, threats of rise of hegemonic China are acknowledged by all. Many countries including US like Australia, UK, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan have started aggressive opposition of Chinese polices. Hence analogy of Cold war -2 is not mere catchphrase. And threats posed by Beijing demand a ‘more global approach’.

India should realize that higgledy-piggledy strategy against China and non-alignment wouldn’t give the desired result. Strategic military co-operation without compromising the autonomy would play the most vital part in foreign relations. The expansion of G7 is being deliberated and UK is keen to have India join the D10 alliance. India already participates in the Quad (with Australia, Japan, and the U.S.) and in the Indo-Pacific Strategy, both U.S.-led anti-China platforms. Alliances would help to promote a coordinated response between friendly states to challenges posed by the present conduct and future ambitions of the People’s Republic of China. By developing a common set of principles and frameworks (diplomatically and militarily) that transcend conservatism will be able achieve the goals.

Regional players like Taiwan, Japan and South Korea are challenging Beijing draconian approach in the region. India should join their voices and the first step would be recognizing Taiwan and setting up diplomatic relation with them. India should also raise the concerns of Chinese policy towards Uighurs , Hong Kong and Tibet on international forums more often than not.

c) Peace on Domestic front – In pursuit of competing with a giant china and its proxies like Pakistan, the importance of peace and law & order on domestic front cannot be over emphasized. The prospects of being a democratic country is our biggest strength vis-a-vis China. However our insidious political class across the country has been indulged in sabotaging the democracy and interested in only grabbing the power. Without really going into the narrative of our Indian ethos and ancient culture of accommodating people of all beliefs, I want to underlay that the basic principle of wealth and prosperity is peace. Dangerous religious and Caste trends could destroy the social fabric of the nation in the long run. Alienation of Minorities should be reversed. Instances of communal riots across states, violent agitation of Jats in Haryana, perpetual violence in Bengal demonstrate very grim portrait of our society. The soft power of demography, importance of communal-social harmony and the need of unity against foreign enemy cannot be overlooked. Though it seems very trivial but in my opinion this is very crucial and hardest step of all.

Lastly it’s not a question of belling the cat, its how well world take snipe shots to kill this beast.

(Views expressed here are mine while source of most figures is google search)

#india #ladakh #China #USA

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pakrevenue · 5 years ago

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Pakistan – Next big Market for Tech Startups in Asia

According to a report published by Germany’s Deutsche Welle, Pakistan may be Asia’s next big tech startup market. Pakistan’s young generation and the increased local capital are collectively creating new opportunities for tech entrepreneurs to explore the country’s market.

McKinsey & Co’s latest report on the Pakistani ecosystem named Pakistan one of the fast-growing economies of Asia. As per statistics, almost 720 tech startups have been initiated in the country since 2010 and 67% of them are currently operational.

The DW article said, “Egyptian ride-hailing company, SWVL, has recently disclosed plans to invest $25 million in Pakistan’s tech sector over the next two years to fund pre-seed startups and create 10,000 jobs.”

In the second half of 2019, Pakistan approved six reforms focused on developing a better environment for tech-based businesses in the country. The report said that these reforms seem to be effective as “Pakistan’s position in the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business report jumped from 136th place in 2018 to 108th place in 2019”.

Deutsche Welle highlighted that Pakistan raised $18.8 million in funding in 2019 and the capital is expected to flow into startups from overseas in the coming years.

The founder of London-based communications startup Hina Hussain said, “Pakistan’s tech ecosystem has been slowly gaining momentum in the last few years. It’s home to a strong tech talent base and it’s still competitively affordable, which makes it ideal for early-stage founders like myself.”

The DW article predicted that overseas Pakistanis are starting to hope that new opportunities are opening up back home.

Pakistan – Next big Market for Tech Startups in Asia

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smartinfoservices · 2 years ago

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We Provide Updated Cotton News

Cotton production up by 12%, estimated at 35 million bales by September: CAI

Domestic cotton prices are likely to remain subdued in the third quarter of the current fiscal. Because there is fresh arrival of cotton in the markets of major cotton producing states. The Cotton Association of India has estimated the production to be 34 to 35 million bales by September with a 12 per cent increase in cotton production in the season 2022-23. While the production during the same period last year was 30.7 million bales (per 170 kg).

Good arrivals expected by December

Awadhesh Sejpal, president of All India Cotton, Cotton Seeds and Cotton Cake Brokers Association, says fresh arrivals of cotton have started in Gujarat and other cotton growing states, but farmers are still reluctant to sell their crop at the current rate. Because they have seen cotton being sold at a price of up to Rs 1,10,000 per candy. , As a result, on an average around 3 million bales of cotton are reaching Gujarat mandis on a daily basis since the last week of October. “We are expecting a huge quantity of cotton arrivals during the December-January period. The cotton prices will be determined in the coming days on the holding capacity of the farmers and the demands of the export as well as the domestic textile industry.

Indian cotton is still expensive

According to a recent report by India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra), the estimate of higher production of cotton is supported by 7% more area under cultivation in the current domestic cotton season. The report claimed that with domestic and global consumption likely to be lower than last season, a supply surplus is expected which is likely to weigh on prices. The report claimed that although Indian cotton and international cotton prices have come down by about 50%, Indian cotton remained more expensive than international cotton during October this year.

this is the situation

According to CAI President Atul Ganatra, the price of cotton in the domestic market is around Rs 65,000 per candy (356 kg), while at the International Cotton Exchange (ICE) it is Rs 51,000 per candy or 78.5 per cent. “In fact, some MNCs are engaged in selling contracts for the month of January at Rs 59,000-60,000 per candy in the domestic market. They are hedging their risk by taking the ICE January contract at Rs 50,000 or 78 per cent. This activity is dangerous for the entire textile value chain, especially for spinners and yarn buyers,” says Ganatra.

hard to export

Gujarat's Spinners Association (SAG) secretary Gautam Dhamsania says spinning mills across India are expecting and waiting for a further fall in domestic cotton prices. 40% of India's total production of cotton yarn is being exported. “The spread between international and domestic cotton prices determines the competitiveness of Indian yarn spinners. While global cotton prices fell 17% between April and August this year on expectations of higher production, domestic prices rose 2% during the period due to limited supplies. Precious domestic cotton reduced India's competitiveness, leading to loss of export market share to China and Bangladesh,” says a recent report by Crisil Ratings.

Mohit Makhija, senior director, Crisil Ratings, says higher cotton production should cool domestic prices and allow spinners to gain some export competitiveness, but sluggish yarn demand from Pakistan and Vietnam amid stagnant global production. Due to this, international cotton prices may fall.

#Cotton News

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ananya5400 · 2 years ago

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Factors Driving the Pest Control Market

The report "Pest Control Market by Pest Type (Insects, Rodents, Termites), Control Method (Chemical, Mechanical, Biological), Mode of Application (Sprays, Traps, Baits), Application (Residential, Commercial, Industrial), and Region – Global Forecast to 2026", The global pest control market size is estimated to be valued at USD 22.7 billion in 2021. It is projected to reach USD 29.1 billion by 2026, recording a CAGR of 5.1% during the forecast period. The increase in disease outbreaks and the effect of climate change on pest proliferation encourage the adoption of pest control products.

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Key players in this market include Bayer AG (Germany), BASF (Germany), FMC Corporation (US), Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. (Japan), Syngenta AG (Switzerland), and Corteva Agriscience (US).

Bayer AG is a global company with its core competencies in the life sciences field of health care and agriculture. It operates through three segments—pharmaceuticals, consumer health, and crop science. Bayer CropScience’s division, Environmental Science, offers two categories–Professional pest management and Vector management. The environmental science business offers a broad portfolio of highly effective sprays, baits, and other pest control products that have chemical or biological modes of action. In November 2020, Bayer CropScience partnered with BigHaat, which is a leading agricultural-input-e-commerce platform that will enable the delivery of Bayer’s seeds and crop protection products at the farmer’s doorsteps. Bayer has also partnered with XAG in February 2020 to bring, promote, and commercialize digital farming technology in Southeast Asia & Pakistan (SEAP).

Syngenta AG, an agribusiness company, engages in the discovery, development, manufacture, and marketing of a range of products designed to enhance crop yield and food quality worldwide. It operates through two business segments—crop protection and seeds. Syngenta is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ChemChina (China), which it acquired in 2017. Syngenta AG emerged through the mergers between the agribusinesses of Novartis AG (Switzerland) and AstraZeneca (Switzerland) in 2000. In February 2021, Syngenta Crop Protection also collaborated with artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning company, Insilico Medicine, to speed up the invention and development of new, effective crop protection solutions that protect crops from diseases, weeds, and pests and is also sustainable.

Corteva Agriscience is the only prominent company, which is completely dedicated to agriculture. In 2011, Dow and DuPont announced a definitive agreement, under which these companies would merge and subsequently spin-off into three independent companies, i.e., Dow, DuPont, and Corteva Agriscience. In June 2019, Corteva Agriscience separated from DowDuPont and became a standalone company. The company operates through two business segments: Seed and crop protection. In February 2021, Corteva has collaborated with simbiose agro, the largest producer of microbiological technologies in Brazil, for the benefit of Brazilian farmers. The collaboration of Corteva Agriscience with the Potato Council of Kenya in September 2020, will help farmers to improve their yields. The improved technologies will show farmers how to increase potato yields using crop protection solutions, quality seed, resilient and improved varieties, pest and disease management, good hilling technologies, post-harvest management, and record-keeping.

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The North American pest control market is projected to be the largest between 2021 and 2026, while the Asia Pacific market is projected to grow at the highest CAGR. North America was the largest consumer of pest control in 2020. It is still the largest market for pest control, with 50.6% of the market share. There are over 20,000 pest control companies in North America, with an average of six technicians in each company. The strengthening of the housing market and a steadily improving economy have led to increased investments in both residential and commercial properties.

#Pest Control Market

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lahoreherald · 3 years ago

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Cotton price reaching sky high

Cotton prices have reached new highs in the domestic market, owing to a drop in domestic output, a delay in cotton imports from overseas, and an increasing dollar-rupee difference.

On Wednesday, the Karachi Cotton Association reported a spot pricing of Rs13,580 per maund for white lint, while seed cotton rates ranged between Rs5,200 and Rs6,200 per maund.

A year ago, the ex-gin price in Karachi was Rs 8,550 per pile, while the cost of seed cotton was between Rs 4,000 and Rs 4,500 per pile. In the period 2020-21, the average price of seed cotton was Rs 5,016 per maund.

According to Naseem Usman, head of the Karachi Cotton Brokers Forum, these are the highest rates since 2010-11, when prices surpassed Rs14,000 per maund.

According to a textile miller who asked not to be identified, the local industry is in hot water these days since, unlike in the past, cotton prices in the foreign market have nearly equaled the ‘expensive’ local one.

“We have acquired over 11 million bales of cotton from other countries, but the shipment is being delayed mostly due to Covid-19 limitations. The delay influences the local market since we must fulfill our demand from domestic sources until the imported raw material arrives.”

He claims that they are compelled to make local purchases to keep their units functioning, but the domestic cotton is short in staple and of low quality due to contamination.

The ginning business foretells much more disaster. Muhammad Junaid Iqbal, a ginner from Rahim Yar Khan district, says seed cotton prices in Punjab markets are now reaching Rs6,200 per maund, and he believes they may rise to Rs7,000 if supplies from outside are further delayed.

Last season, Pakistan gathered 5.6 million cotton bales, the lowest in 30 years, whereas the textile sector requires at least 15 million bales. To make up the difference, it will have to import around nine million bales.

Published in Lahore Herald #lahoreherald #breakingnews #breaking

#cotton import #cotton price #Cotton price in pakistan #Pakistan business news #Business #Latest

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fastworldnews1 · 3 years ago

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EFFORTS ON TO SOW SEEDS OF DISCORD BETWEEN PAKISTAN, CHINA: RASHEED

Interior Minister Sheikh Rasheed on Tuesday said that efforts are underway to create misunderstanding between all-weather friends Pakistan and China, reported.

Addressing a press conference in Rawalpindi, Interior Minister Sheikh Rasheed said that the investigation into the Dasu bus tragedy has been completed and China is satisfied with it. Dasu tragedy happened a day before the Joint Coordination Committee (JCC) meeting, he added. The minister said Israel, India along the anti-Pakistan lobby have waged hybrid war against Islamabad.

Commenting on the alleged abduction of Afghan’s envoy daughter, Interior Minister said that the envoy’s daughter went to Khadda Market and then reached Rawalpindi and Daman-e-Kooh. She kept using the internet and when she gave her phone for investigation, it was completely wiped out.

“All four taxi drivers have no criminal record and are clear,” he said and added that Islamabad has completed its investigation into the matter and hoped that daughter of the Afghan envoy Najibullah Alikhil will soon be part of the investigation.

Replying to a query, Sheikh Rashid said that Pakistan’s desire for peace and stability in Afghanistan and whatever the Afghans will decide will be endorsed by Pakistan. He said Pakistan Armed Forces are ready for any situation.

https://ift.tt/3wWLWKZ

#latest news #news #latest #world #fast #technology

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alliedmarketresearchs · 3 years ago

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Rice Market by Type (Arborio Rice, Rosematta Rice, Red cargo Rice, Parboiled Rice, Sushi Rice, Wild Rice, Glutinous Rice, and Others), Color (White Rice, Brown Rice, Red Rice, and Black Rice), Length (Long Grain Rice, Medium Grain Rice, and Short Grain Rice), Aroma (Basmati Rice and Jasmine Rice), Application (Residential and Commercial), and Distribution Channel (Online Retail, Retail stores, Specialty store, Department store, Supermarket, Hypermarket, and Others): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2020–2027

The seed of the grass Oryza glaberrimaor Oryza sativais known as rice. Rice is a cereal grain, which is a staple food of more than half of the population of the world. In addition, it is considered as the second most important cereal crop in the world. Annually, the global production of rice is around 700 million tons. China, India,and Vietnam are among the largest producers of rice. The area of harvesting rice in China is lower than India's rice harvesting area. However, as only less than half of India's rice area gets irrigated, China accounts for greater rice production.

Rice is available in different varieties and types with varied segmentations. Each type of rice has its unique properties, taste, and texture, working differently with various cooking recipes. U.S. alone commercially produces around 20 different varieties of rice. Few unique varieties of rice belonging to the aromatic category such as jasmine rice and basmati rice are extensively imported from India, Thailand, and Pakistan.

The plant of rice takes about three to six months form germination to maturity, which completely depends upon the variety of rice and the environment in which it is grown. Rice is majorly consumed after cooking in water, whereas rice wafers, rice flakes, puffed rice, and canned rice are some other forms of rice consumption. Some other industries such as starch and brewing industries also use rice. The by-products of rice left after milling, that is, rice husk and bran, are used as a poultry & cattle feed. Rice market is expected to see a substantial growth during the forecast period, owing to the ever-growing consumption of rice.

Market scope and structure analysis

Ø Market size available for years

2020–2027

Ø Base year considered

2019

Ø Forecast period

2021–2027

Ø Forecast units

Value ($US)

Ø Segments covered

Type, Color, Length, Aroma, Application, Distribution Channel, and Region

Ø Regions covered

North America (U.S. and Canada), Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, and Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India, Australia, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific), LAMEA (Middle East, Brazil, and Rest of LAMEA)

Ø Companies covered

Riceland Foods Inc., LT Foods Ltd., Ebro Foods, V.A.P Foods Ltd, McCormick & Company, KRBL Ltd, ITC, Rice Select, Planet Rice, ConAgra Foods, Inc., General Mills, Carolina Plantation Rice, and Uncle Ben's Brown Rice

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COVID-19 scenario analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the global economy by halting the operations of rice industry.

Rice is a staple food diet in many countries and is consumed daily by majority of the global population.Moreover, stay at home orders have increased the demand for rice in households.

Although the lockdown has been imposed globally, the demand for rice in the commercial sector has declined, as people are avoiding dining in out.

Market players are not able to meet the demand of customers in the current pandemic situation.

Farmers are facing problems to supply the harvested rice due to the logistic slowdown.

Disruption of the supply chain, halt in the export-import activities, and loss of labor are the major problems faced by the global rice market.

Top impacting factors: market scenario analysis, trends, drivers, and impact analysis

Expansion of the fast food industry & restaurants and rapid growth in the population are the key factors that drivethe growth of the rice market, globally. Rice is among the favorite cereals of a large portion of the population worldwide, which, in turn, increases the consumption of rice, thereby augmenting the growth of the rice market. The demand for specific varieties of rice such as aromatic rice and high-quality long-grain rice is gradually propelling the market growth. In addition, the government is taking many initiatives for the production of rice and related industries, thus motivating the overall rice market.

On the contrary, lack of irrigational facilities in many developing countries creates a challenge for rice production. Along with this, consumers have reduced the consumption of rice, as the daily consumption of white rice in excess may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the shift of consumers towardhealthy eating habits has made manufacturers focus on launching new rice brands and making efforts to attract people who are health conscious.

The demand for brown rice is increasing among consumers, as it is a rich source of fibers, which offer many health benefits such as it lowers cholesterol, promotes fullness, prevents the formation of blood clots, and improves digestive health, thus creating a lucrative opportunity for the expansion of the global rice market. Furthermore, increase in efforts by major players in packaging attracts a large consumer base. In addition, innovation in planting & cultivation of rice globally gives higher yield and is proven to be more efficient than the traditional methods, thereby aiding the production of rice and protecting the environment from the excessive use of chemicals, insecticides, and pesticides in agriculture

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Key segments covered

Ø Type

Arborio Rice

Rosematta Rice

Red cargo Rice

Parboiled Rice

Sushi Rice

Wild Rice

Glutinous Rice

· Others

Ø Color

White Rice

Brown Rice

Red Rice

· Black Rice

Ø Length

Long Grain Rice

Medium Grain Rice

· Short Grain Rice

Ø Aroma

Basmati Rice

· Jasmine Rice

Ø Application

Residential

· Commercial

Ø Distribution Channel

Online Retail

Retail stores

Specialty store

Department store

Supermarket

Hypermarket

· Others

Key benefits of the report

This study presents the analytical depiction of the global rice industry along with the current trends and future estimations to determine the imminent investment pockets.

The report presents information related to key drivers, restraints, and opportunities along with detailed analysis of the global rice market share.

The current market is quantitatively analyzed from 2020 to 2027 to highlight the global rice market growth scenario.

Porter’s five forces analysis illustrates the potency of buyers & suppliers in the market.

The report provides a detailed global rice market analysis depending on competitive intensity and how the competition will take shape in coming years.

Questions answered in the global rice market research report:

Which are the leading players active in the global ricemarket?

What are the current trends that will influence the market in the next few years?

What are the driving factors, restraints, and opportunities of the market?

What future projections would help in taking further strategic steps?

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About Allied Market Research:

Allied Market Research (AMR) is a full-service market research and business-consulting wing of Allied Analytics LLP based in Portland, Oregon. Allied Market Research provides global enterprises as well as medium and small businesses with unmatched quality of "Market Research Reports" and "Business Intelligence Solutions." AMR has a targeted view to provide business insights and consulting services to assist its clients to make strategic business decisions and achieve sustainable growth in their respective market domains. AMR offers its services across 11 industry verticals including Life Sciences, Consumer Goods, Materials & Chemicals, Construction & Manufacturing, Food & Beverages, Energy & Power, Semiconductor & Electronics, Automotive & Transportation, ICT & Media, Aerospace & Defense, and BFSI.

We are in professional corporate relations with various companies and this helps us in digging out market data that helps us generate accurate research data tables and confirms utmost accuracy in our market forecasting. Each and every data presented in the reports published by us is extracted through primary interviews with top officials from leading companies of domain concerned. Our secondary data procurement methodology includes deep online and offline research and discussion with knowledgeable professionals and analysts in the industry.

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researchetcsblog · 4 years ago

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wilson corp Review

wilson international has been one of the leading companies in the chemical and petro-chemicals business for more than five decades. wilson international offers a wide range of products ranging from fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, cleaning detergents, lubricants, plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals, biodegradable solutions, biopharmaceuticals, and much more. wilson is a family owned business with nine locations across the United States of America and Canada. wilson provides services to both small scale home based businesses and large corporations.

wilson offers their clients top quality services in the areas of marketing, research and development, sales and marketing, government and market studies, supply chain management, business intelligence, financial statements, and business trends and market conditions. wilson research uses its proprietary analytical technology to help companies improve productivity and profit. wilsoncorp uses data to determine what is currently going on in the markets, what the competitors are doing, what kind of market conditions there are in certain countries or regions, how the company can compete against similar companies and also how to improve its products and services. wilsoncorp's market trend analysis and wilsoncorp forecasting are two of the most valuable tools that the company uses to help clients improve their business performance. The market trend analysis uses data from both market surveys and statistics as well as case studies on specific companies or countries. wilson also helps clients with their manufacturing and financial business problems. wilsoncorp also helps clients improve their cash flow by improving manufacturing efficiency.

wilsoncorp forecasts call for a continuation of the current trend in markets, where there are hopes for an improvement in the economic conditions in the United States. wilson sees that the global economy will continue to improve its position in the world over the coming years. wilson expects that the United State will continue to lead the way in technological advances. wilsoncorp's analysis focuses on four important factors which it believes will be vital for the country in the coming years:

Companies in the defense and security industry rely on their dependability, their quality of workmanship and their ability to provide their clients with the highest level of protection. wilsoncorp has analyzed the state of the military and security forces around the world and has found that companies providing military and security protection for their clients are doing so through the most effective means. It has been found that many corporations have not invested in or have not been able to successfully implement modern technology used to improve their operations. wilsoncorp has therefore developed and tailored technology solutions specifically for this very situation.

wilsoncorp is a company that offers a complete portfolio of industrial and commercial goods. Most of wilsoncorp's products come from the United States and the European Union. Some of the items are made in Asia and several are located in Latin America. wilsoncorp works with clients worldwide, making sure that it establishes good relations with companies in countries such as India and Brazil. wilsoncorp has therefore also gained a lot of experience dealing with clients who wish to do business with international clients. This has allowed it to develop its own network of contacts worldwide.

wilsoncorp sees itself as a partner in the transportation market, having introduced an online shopping portal for their clients across the globe. wilsoncorp also offers a fleet management and supply chain management systems and a transport planning applications. The solutions provided by wilsoncorp are designed to help clients improve efficiency and reduce costs. This is done by improving customer service, expanding the market share of the corporation and increasing profitability.

The research team projects that the Corp Protection Insecticides market size will grow from XXX in 2020 to XXX by 2027, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2020, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2027.

The prime objective of this report is to help the user understand the market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends, and the challenges that the market is facing with 10 major regions and 50 major countries. Deep researches and analysis were done during the preparation of the report. The readers will find this report very helpful in understanding the market in depth. The data and the information regarding the market are taken from reliable sources such as websites, annual reports of the companies, journals, and others and were checked and validated by the industry experts. The facts and data are represented in the report using diagrams, graphs, pie charts, and other pictorial representations. This enhances the visual representation and also helps in understanding the facts much better.

By Market Players:

Basf SE

Monsanto Company

Sumitomo Chemical

The Dow Chemical

FMC Corporation

E.I. Dupont De Nemours

Adama Agricultural

Bayer Cropscience Ag

Syngenta Ag

Nufarm Limited

By Type

Foliar Spray

Seed Treatment

Soil Treatment

Other

By Application

Grain Crops

Economic Crops

Feed Crops

Industrial Raw Material Crops

Other

By Regions/Countries:

North America

United States

Canada

Mexico

East Asia

China

Japan

South Korea

Europe

Germany

United Kingdom

France

Italy

Russia

Spain

Netherlands

Switzerland

Poland

South Asia

India

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Southeast Asia

Indonesia

Thailand

Singapore

Malaysia

Philippines

Vietnam

Myanmar

Middle East

Turkey

Saudi Arabia

Iran

United Arab Emirates

Israel

Iraq

Qatar

Kuwait

Oman

Africa

Nigeria

South Africa

Egypt

Algeria

Morocoo

Oceania

Australia

New Zealand

South America

Brazil

Argentina

Colombia

Chile

Venezuela

Peru

Puerto Rico

Ecuador

Rest of the World

Kazakhstan

Points Covered in The Report

The points that are discussed within the report are the major market players that are involved in the market such as market players, raw material suppliers, equipment suppliers, end users, traders, distributors and etc.

The complete profile of the companies is mentioned. And the capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, supply, future strategies, and the technological developments that they are making are also included within the report. This report analyzed 12 years data history and forecast.

The growth factors of the market is discussed in detail wherein the different end users of the market are explained in detail.

Data and information by market player, by region, by type, by application and etc, and custom research can be added according to specific requirements.

The report contains the SWOT analysis of the market. Finally, the report contains the conclusion part where the opinions of the industrial experts are included.

Key Reasons to Purchase

To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.

Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.

To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.

Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.

To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.

Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.

The report focuses on Global, Top 10 Regions and Top 50 Countries Market Size of Corp Protection Insecticides 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2027 including industries, major players/suppliers worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the market including their market status and development trend by types and applications which will provide its price and profit status, and marketing status & market growth drivers and challenges, with base year as 2020.

Key Indicators Analysed

Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2016-2021 & Sales by Product Types.

Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2022-2027. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its production, consumption, import & export, sales volume & revenue forecast.

Market Analysis by Product Type: The report covers majority Product Types in the Corp Protection Insecticides Industry, including its product specifcations by each key player, volume, sales by Volume and Value (M USD).

Markat Analysis by Application Type: Based on the Corp Protection Insecticides Industry and its applications, the market is further sub-segmented into several major Application of its industry. It provides you with the market size, CAGR & forecast by each industry applications.

Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.

Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology

Porters Five Force Analysis: The report will provide with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

COVID-19 Impact

Report covers Impact of Coronavirus COVID-19: Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost every country around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Corp Protection Insecticides market in 2021. The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor/outdoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.

Global Corp Protection Insecticides Market Research Report 2021 Professional Edition Market report offers great insights of the market and consumer data and their interpretation through various figures and graphs. Report has embedded global market and regional market deep analysis through various research methodologies. The report also offers great competitor analysis of the industries and highlights the key aspect of their business like success stories, market development and growth rate.

Global O-Chlorotoluene (CAS 95-49-8) Market Research Report 2021 Professional Edition Market

Global PUR Hot Melts Adhesives Market Research Report 2021 Professional Edition Market

Global Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Market Research Report 2021 Professional Edition Market

Global Feed Testing Market Research Report 2021 Professional Edition Market

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ananya5400 · 3 years ago

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Rice Seeds Market to Witness Unprecedented Growth in Coming Years

The report "Rice Seeds Market by Type (Hybrid and Open-Pollinated Varieties), Grain Size (Long, Medium, and Short), Hybridization Technique (Two-Line and Three-Line), Treatment (Treated and Untreated Seeds), and Region - Global Forecast to 2023", The rice seeds market is projected to reach USD 7.62 billion by 2023, from USD 5.47 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 6.85% during the forecast period. The market is driven by factors such as the increasing technological advances in rice breeding, declining prices of hybrid rice seeds, growing adoption of hybrid rice seeds in developed and developing countries, and rising seed replacement rate for paddy across Asian countries.

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Long-grain rice seeds are estimated to be the most widely used variety of rice seeds in 2018.

Long grain rice is cultivated at a high rate across different countries due to the changing consumer demand and limited application of short grain rice in the food industry. The production of long rice has been growing across the globe, particularly in the US and Asian countries. Basmati and jasmine are some of the long grain rice varieties that are exported from Asia in large quantities and have industrial importance from the perspective of rice millers in terms of price value. In addition, hybrids and OPV seeds offered by key players such as Bayer and DowDuPont are mainly for long rice grains, followed by medium-sized rice and short rice.

The treated segment is projected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period.

Seed treatment has been gaining importance for field crops, such as corn, wheat, and soybean, to reduce crop loss from early pest attacks. However, the adoption of this technology for rice is still gradual across countries. Rice is mainly cultivated in the Asian countries. However, farmers are reluctant toward investing capital on crop inputs and prefer adopting the traditional techniques of crop protection. Due to the rising need for sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management guidelines laid by governments in the Asian countries has encouraged farmers to adopt seed coating technologies. On the account of these factors, this segment is projected to grow at the highest rate during the forecast period.

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Asia Pacific is estimated to dominate the market in 2018 and is projected to be the fastest-growing market for rice seeds through 2023.

Asia Pacific is a major consumer and producer of rice across the globe, and inadequate arable land in this region has encouraged farmers for better yield from their cultivation. Adoption of advanced technologies such as hybrid and certified seeds is also increasing in this region. According to the recent data of USDA published in 2016, India and China are the two major producers and consumers of rice, not only in the Asia Pacific region but across the globe. The Asia Pacific market for rice seeds is consolidated with two players occupying the largest share, followed by other players. Since rice cultivation in other regions of the world is comparatively low, the growth of the Asia Pacific market is projected to remain steady during the forecast period.

This report includes a study of the development strategies, along with the product portfolios of leading companies. It also includes the profiles of leading companies such as Bayer (Germany), DowDuPont (US), Syngenta (Switzerland), Advanta Seeds (UPL) (India), and Nuziveedu Seeds (India), Mahyco (India), BASF (Germany), Kaveri Seeds (India), SL Agritech (Philippines), Rasi seeds (India), Rallis (India), JK Seeds (India), Hefei Fengle (China), LongPing (China), Guard Agri (Pakistan), and National Seeds Corporation (India).

#Rice Seeds Market

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Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

To Study Marketing Channels of Different Cut Flowers under Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Nowsehra and Peshwar

Authored by Jalal Amin

Abstract

The marketing channels of different cut flowers were studied in Peshawar and Nowshera under the supervision of Mr. Jehanzeb Khan from September to December, 2015. Our country is rich in resources and has got favorable climatic conditions, which are very helpful for the cultivation of floriculture crops. Pakistan can earn its foreign exchange like India, Sri Lanka, Iran, Singapore and Thailand etc. However, effort should be made to encourage the farmers to grow floriculture crops. Many side businesses could be developed which include pots flower holding materials such as baskets, vases and chemicals etc, wrapping materials for cut flowers, fertilizers, gardens tools and implements. To encourage floriculture grower’s government must announce incentive to make this industry profitable by proving seeds, cutting or sapling etc which should be exempted from the customs duty. There is a need to establish flowers markets I the flowers growing area to reduce marketing cost of the growers.

Introduction

Floriculture is an ancient creative skill with imagination and an advanced science that play a very important role in the course of human civilization and its social development. In today’s stressful life, plants are becoming more highly valued for their positive influence on human behavior. Plants provide a variety of color, form texture and pattern in the landscape. Beside these intangible aesthetic values, plants furnish a close contact with nature and enhance our surroundings. They contribute to the beauty of building by softening architectural lines and emphasizing structural details. Cut flower growth is not a new phenomenon in floricultural sector of Pakistan [1,2]; however it is an infant industry as far as its growth is concerned. The resource rich local soil provides ideal agronomic conditions for production of cut flowers. Despite lack of knowledge on modern floricultural production techniques, difficulty in obtaining the latest varieties and the lack of infrastructure. The industry is continuously attracting new entrants [3]. The flower farming is an important and profitable enterprise in the agriculture sector of Pakistan. The area under floriculture is increasing day by day particularly in the area adjacent to the big cities. In fact flower farming is labor intensive as compared to horticulture crops particularly vegetables rather, it lies in between the two ends with the skilled labor force and modern farming techniques, it has been proved that the investment in this sector yields high returns for the growers [4]. Production of cut flower is going to increase day by day in Pakistan. It is related with the rising living standard, education and electronic media that have promoted this business in recent years. The production and consumption of cut flower has increased over the past decade and this increase is expected to continue [5]. Traditionally flowers are grown for aesthetic, social function and extraction of essential oils and manufacturing. But now, floriculture has been identified as a potential business due to divergence of farmers towards high-value floral crops and utilization of flower in social and industrial level. Hence commercial floriculture has emerged inside the country [6]. The use of flowers at religious and social occasion is embedded in Pakistani culture. Sizable quantity roses and other flowers such as marigold, calendula, jasmine (Motia) and sadbarg etc are showered every day on the shrine (Holly place) such as on the graves of the near and the dear ones as a gesture of loving remembrance and on the tomb of heroes and spiritual masters as a token of respect.

Traditionally flowers were used in the form of garlands at the time of saying farewell to the intending Hajjis and then welcome back home, used at wedding, on Eid festivals and welcome special guests and other ceremonies. In addition to this people different social functions like birthday parties and even used for floral arrangement in the house, hotels and offices etc. In short, the unique aspect of lowers is that they are used in fresh and dried forms and on the occasions of sorrow and joy in form of bouquets, garlands and wreaths. In Pakistan, most of the flowers are produced in winter. When, Europe skinks in the snow and most of their traditional functions are held during that period. Our country is rich in resources and has got favorable climatic conditions which are very affable for raising cut flowers. However, farmers can be encouraged in Pakistan to grow floricultural crops. Many side businesses could also be developed. These may include pots, flower-holding materials (baskets, vases and chemicals etc), wrapping material for cut flowers, transportation, fertilizer, garden tools and implements etc. all this is expected to raise income of flowers by export and by fulfilling local demands. Unemployment in Pakistan cab is alleviated by increasing per unit income and by creating more on-farm jobs, by growing cut flowers. Our growers are in better position to do this job as compared to the other field crops because flowers give more on farm jobs. It can generate a lot of job opportunities [7]. It can be a good source of foreign exchange by exporting it to different countries of the world. There is tremendous potential for the cultivation of cut flower on commercial scale due to availability of favorable soil, climatic and location in the country. This makes it possible to produce important cut flower almost round the year. In KPK, different cut flowers are grown on commercial basis. Both the supply and the demand for flowers in markets are highly seasonal. Flower prices fluctuate daily, price differentials exist between markets and within markets over the year. The variation in prices between markets can be explained by supply and the demand for flowers. The steady demand for traditional flowers comes from the use of flower for religious purposes, personal adornment, and decoration of homes. This demand is particularly strong in big cities like Lahore, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, etc as the use of flowers is part of the local culture [8]. The seasonal demand comes from two sources: religion festivals and marriage. Due to the highly perishable nature of their product, fresh cut flower growers must develop an intensive marketing strategy. Whole scale markets require larger volumes of flower and growers receive lower prices. Lynn Byezynski states that growing half an acre of flowers can easily yield $15,000. She grosses about $10,000 with less than a quarter of an acre during six months of production, by selling to an upper-scale retail florist. Usually, retail florists will offer the best prices for cut flowers, but in a small town this may not be feasible because of a lack of buyers. Field-grown cut flower production, in general, is a low-overhead business. This is buy good news and bad-because competition can develop rapidly, sometime from marginal producers for whom profitability is a low priority. It is pretty easy to keep costs low. Although direct marketing can offer the benefit of higher prices, this strategy requires additional time and expense. The range of possibilities for direct marketing includes retail florists, farmers market, bucket shops and street corners and craft fairs. Lee Sturdivant, gave practical suggestions for many forms of direct marketing of cut flowers and flower for Scale, and suggested the local, niche markets are often the best choice for small growers. Selling to local retail florists is one of the marketing strategies [9]

Objectives

The objective of the study was to present research finding to describe the basic information about respondents social characteristics, cultivated area, cut flower area and its production and marketing system.

a. To quantify the marketing margins of the growers and other marketing intermediaries and assess way to improve the producer's share.

b. To identify the present market channels adopted by the growers.

c. To suggest recommendations the basis of the findings of this research study.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive questionnaire was designed on the basis of information obtained in the informal survey. An internship report on marketing channels of different cut flowers which was conducted from September to December, 2015. Interviews were conducted informally with individual growers, contractors and retailers without using questionnaires. An effort was made to create a relaxed atmosphere in which respondents would feel free to expresses themselves. For examining the validity and accuracy of the interview schedule, it was pre-tested in the field. After pre-testing changes and modification were incorporated and interviewing schedule was finalized for data collection. The aim of the study was to assess the basic information regarding production and existing marketing system of floral crops in KPK. In an empirical Investigation, it was impossible to collect information from the whole population. Therefore, researchers often forced to make inference based in information derived from representative sample of population. The sample size and variation in data usually affect the quantity and quality of information obtained from the survey. Given the limitations in term of grower availability, cost, efforts, data management, travelling and time it was decided to interview 100 growers, retailers, and contractors in flower growing area such as Kaka sahib (Walai) of district Now shera and Shop khel and Bazyedkhel areas of district Peshawar [10]. Due to critical situation in Shop khel and Bazyedkhel area of district Peshawar the sample size was reduced to 50 respondents. The study was confined up to 23 flower's grower and 3 retailers and 5 contractors in district Nowshera and 12 flower’s growers and 2 retailers and 5 contractors in Peshawar district as shown in (Table 1). Face to face interviews were conducted on flower production in a specific field as well as general characteristics such as land owner-ship, respondent's age, education level and experience in growing floral crops [11]. There are many paradigms to determine the marketing efficiency such as productivity measure, market margin analysis, welfare analysis and structure-conduct-performance (SCP) however, for the present study analysis was confined only based line information to market margin analysis.

Market Margins Analyses

Marketing margins are the differences between prices at two market level. Marketing margins estimated on the basis of data obtained on prices at different stages of the marketing chain. Besides this, marketing margins were calculated through computing the absolute margin or price spread, which was essentially the same as the difference between the prices paid and received by each specific marketing agency. The following formula was used to compute percentage-marketing margins as earned by each market intermediary involved in the marketing of farm products.

Mm= (Ps x 100)/Sp

Where " Mm" indicates the marketing margins earned by a specific agency, "Ps" stand for price spread availed by that agency and "Sp" represented sale price of the same agency for the same commodity.

Net Margin

The net margins of a specific agency are the net earnings, which it earns after paying all marketing costs. Net e4arning of various market agencies involved in the marketing of marigold were computed with the following formula.

Nm= Ps-Mc

Where, "Nm" stands for net margins, "Ps" indicates the price spread availed by the specific agency and "Mc" represents marketing costs incurred by the same agency. The replies of the respondents were codified and the data was entered in the computer, using SPSS package. Keeping in view the specific objectives of the study data was analyzed using relevant techniques of data analyses, in statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software package.

Results and Discussion

General baseline information of Flower's Growers

In this section efforts have been made to describe and analyze the demographic characteristics of the flower's growers including age, education and farming experience of the respondents etc. Emphasis was also given to describe the farm characteristics such as farm size, operational land holding and tenancy status.

Education level of respondents

Different studies have been carried out which revealed that literacy status of farmers is an important variable, which influence the grower's receptiveness and responsiveness to innovation and resource allocation efficiency. Hence the literacy rate plays a significant role in society. Thus the level of human capital formation is generally measured through the mean number of schooling year. Data with respect to literacy status of the sampled respondents were collected on the basis of their schooling years, which were categorized in primary, middle, matric and above matric. In order to know the composition of the literate population of the respondents, it was found that about (41%) respondents were illiterate and the remaining (59%) respondents were literate having different level of education. Thirty percent off the respondents were educated at primary level education. Sixteen percent were educated above matric and the rest (12%) were at middle to matric as shown in (Table 2).

Age and cut flowers farming Experience of the grower

The age of the respondents is considered as significant factor to accept or reject the new idea or information. The respondents were categorized into three age groups viz; young (19-35 year), middle (36-50 years) and old (>50 years). It is remarkable le that majority of the respondent (70.6%) belonging to the age group of (19-35 years) and (>50 years) respectively. The result shows that the large numbers of middle age group (36-50 years) of respondents are involved in flower farming (Table 3).

Professional experience

In study area flower crops were the main source of income generation for the respondents. Two third of the respondents were well experienced in growing floral crops and also had experienced in flower marketing. It is remarkable that one third (33%) of the total respondents were recently entered in floral farming and gaining marketing experience by selling flower garlands. In the field contractors who visited field in the surrounding areas/shops. While during verbal discussion with the growers most of the farmers intend to grower floral crops in the future after gaining experience by attending field days/ training and exposure visits in the project. Cut Flower Research production & Technology Dissemination in Collaboration with SMEDA, Agriculture Research institute Tarnab, Peshawar [12].

Family size of the Sample house holds

Size of the farm household may have an important influence on the labor supply behavior of household members and the choice of occupation adopted by them [13]. As a result the information on the size of arm household was collected during the survey. The average number of adult male was found 4 with the range of 3-5 members per household.

Income source of the growers

Data regarding source of income revealed that farming was the main source of income of the cut flower growers in both districts (89%), while the remaining (11%) were involved in Govt; service, labor work and business with farming to supplement their household cash income. The tenants were mostly relay on a higher number of livestock, which they consider as their source of cash income along with farming and part time local off farm work (daily wages).

Tenancy status

Tenancy is an arrangement between landowners who lease out land and tenants, who lease in land on mutually agreed sum or share of the produce [14]. Land tenancy has an important productivity impact. The length of the time horizon for owner and tenant is bound to differ, giving rise to different Altitude towards long term investment (specially, natural resources management's investment) and crop with long gestation lags. Growers can be classified into various categories, especially with regards to land tenure. An important distinction is between land-owner, tenant and owner cum tenant were found in flower farming. Land owner is functionary who cultivated his own land by himself and tenant is one who got the land from other on lease share basis for the specific period of time on the agreed rent or share. Results indicated that more than half of the cut flower growers (55%) were land owners while (36%) were tenant and the rest of the growers were owner cum tenant in the study area. Tenancy predominated in district Nowshera. While the remaining (9%) of the respondents got land on lease particularly for flower farming (high value crop). Results also showed that the lease rents ranged from Rs.16000 to Rs.20000 per acre with a mean of just over Rs.1800/acre (Table 4).

Farm Characteristics

A. Farm size and flower area of the growers: The Farm size of land holding affects the efficient utilization of resources and types of cropping pattern a farmer will follow. However, the role of farm size has remained quite controversial [15-18] and many other researchers reported that small farms were more efficient than large ones. On the other hand, [19]; found a positive relationship between farm size and productivity. Data regarding the land holding in the research area showed that majority of the respondents (79%) had their land below substance level; 12.5 acre and (18%) possessed 12.5 to 25 acre, while the rest (3%) had more than 12 acres. This concludes that majority of the cut flower’s growers had below subsistence land holding followed by subsistence and above subsistence land holding followed by subsistence and above subsistence land holding. It is remarkable that about one fifth (17.66%) of the total operational land is devoted to cut flower crops while on the remaining operational landholding (82.34%) cereal crops as well as vegetables were grown. It was also noted that there was high significant variation within the districts regarding cut flower area (Table 5). According to respondents flower crops are more profitable and any other crop also fulfilled daily domestic needs by continue supply to market. Different types of cut flowers were commonly grown in the study area. Every type possesses different characteristics such as size, shape and color. Because of the very small size of land holding and small area of cut flower per farmer in KPK, farmers usually grow 1.19 acre of marigold and 1.21 acre of roses (Table 6). The growing of cut flower on small area by limited number of farmers has an important application for change in cropping pattern. Basically, small farmers will be less likely to change because the risk of changing area higher in the large farmers. Morai, Sadbar and Granda were the most common types of marigold which were grown in Peshawar and Nowshera district. Rose plants (Red color) are grown by few farmers in the research area of KPK as shown in (Table 7).

B. Existing Marketing System: Efficient marketing system is essential for sustained agricultural development. It affects both productions, income (through producer receive for their products) and consume welfare (via prices consumer pay for agriculture depend not only on farm production cost and yields, but also on what happens to the farm product from leaving the farm to reaching the consumers). There are several factors that influence the efficiency of cut flower marketing including, perishability, seasonality, quality, prices and location of the products [20]. The marketing channels in which flowers production passes through various stages to reach the final consumers have been identified. Flower marketing margins analysis has been carried out to examine the efficiency of flower marketing system in KPK.

C. Marketing channels: Awareness of marketing as concept and as a vital and dynamic element in economic development has greatly increased in the developing countries. The improvement in the functioning of commodity markets as well as the improved performance of the marketing system is now generally recognized as an important strategic element in agricultural economic development. Changes of attitude to marketing have come about particularly during the last decade, when many developing countries have had to undergo stringent economic reforms [21]. Defined marketing channels as: "A network of cooperating organization that together performs all activities required to link producers of goods and services to the end users". The existing flower's marketing channels are presented in (Figure 1). Private Organization and individuals, carryout the flowers marketing viz, wholesaler and retailers were the principal marker agencies in flower marketing system. The existing flowers marketing channels has been identified and their brief function is described here as under.

D. Producer: Flower producers were geographically dispersed in various locations of KPK. They in general, belong to farming community. In the research area, majority of the producer (50%) sold their produce in Peshawar wholesale market, situated in Ramdas bazaar and (22%) of the producers sold directly to retailers by visiting their shops/stalls and some of the retailers also visit to farmer’s fields for the purchase of flowers. It is remarkable that (19%) of the growers sold their produce in Lahore and Rawalpindi wholesale markets to fetch better price while the remaining (9%) sold flowers to contractors as depicted in (Figure 1). The reasons for sale to contractors were the lack of financial resources, no knowledge regarding marketing.

E. Contractor: Contractor can be described as merchant or middleman buying the flowers from the growers and selling in the wholesale markets. The contractors are the local men/ fellow farmers who posses enough knowledge about the market conditions. He estimated farm yield and hydration and dehydration cost etc. Result indicates that a few contractors (9%) purchased flowers from the growers and sold in Lahore and Rawalpindi whole sale markets. Some of the contractors obtained loans from shopkeepers to pay the initial installment to flower growers and to pays an advance for labor and packing materials, particularly on special occasion such as during Zil-hijj, wadding season, and Eid festivals.

F. Commission Agent: During survey, it was observed that commission agents were not involved in flowering business because of non-availability of proper market in KPK. No auctioned occurred in the market. A very small market of Marla (1361.25 sq. feet) located in Ramdas bazaar of Peshawar city in which the buyers and sellers met together and the prices were settled by bargaining with each other. The owner of the market place charged Rs.14/bundle consists of 600-800 garlands as a market fee.

G. Wholesaler: A few wholesaler purchased flowers form the growers early in the morning and sold in smaller quantities to the retailers and consumers or supply to shops/stalls to fetch better prices.

H. Retailer: Retailers do not require license, but experience is more important to enter in flower business. There were a large number of retailers in the market; as a result they faced strong competition in the buying and selling of produce. All market activities come to an end with the retailer, who buys flowers from the growers or whole-sellers by bargaining and sell it in small quantity to the consumers at their local area. The retailers did not require much capital to start the business.

I. Marketing Margins Analysis: Marketing Margin is commonly used to examine the difference between producer and consumers price, for the same quantity of a commodity. Marketing margins depend on the length of the marketing chain and the extent to which the produce is stored or processed [22]. Marketing margin may be calculated in two ways: absolute cash margins and percentage margins. The absolute cash margins are a good indicator of the trend of marketing costs [23].

J. Flower prices: In order to measure market margins, flower prices were collected at various stages in the marketing chain. It was difficult to compare various flower varieties and grades to reach with the unique solution for the price to be used. There were many complications in formulating the standard price of flowers such as day to day variation in prices, Varietals differences, grade differences in consumption and production areas. Such types of problems have been solved by collecting prices, which might cover most of the above problems. The price of flower was collected on per 100 garlands basis. Simple analyses of mean flowers prices on per 100 garlands basis by stage of time are presented as shown in (Table 8). Majority of the flower's growers received better prices from roses as compare to marigold. The wholesaler also received higher prices from rose flower as compared to marigold as shown in (Table 8). More than half of flower’s growers (53%) were benefited from price variation, because they sold their produce direct in the wholesale markets (Figure 1). In addition to this some of the rose growers sold their producer to Hakeems at the rate of Rs.1000-1200/kg rose petals.

K. Absolute Cash Margin: Marketing margins are the difference between prices at two market levels and are commonly used to examine the differences between producer and consumer prices for a commodity. Marketing margins represent the price charged by market agencies for their service including buying, packing, transportation storage and processing. Under competitive market conditions the market margins are the result of demand for marketing services and equal to minimum cost of services provided plus normal profit [24]. Absolute cash margin or price spread is essentially the same as the difference between the price paid and price received by each intermediary. The absolute cash margin to producers was calculated as the scale price of the flower/100 garlands marketed by producers. The absolute cash margin was calculated for each functionary as shown in (Table 9).

L. Share in consumer's rupee: The consumer's one rupee expenditure on a specific commodity is divided among the marketing agencies and producer. It shows that portion of consumer's rupee, which is earned by the producer or goes to various marketing agencies such as contractors, wholesalers and retailers. The share in consumer's rupee was calculated by expressing the net margin of a specific agency as a proportion of the retail price. Results indicated that rose producer received a highest portion (73%) of the consumer’s rupee followed by the retailers (13%) as shown in. Data also indicated that the contractor realized an average of (12-13%) the consumer’s rupee in case of marigold and roses, while the wholesaler received a minimum portion (6%) of the consumer’s rupee in case of roses as shown in (Table 10).

M. Marketing Cost: Marketing costs are composed of the total costs incurred on marketing of produce by each agency. One way of defining costs is as all the expenses incurred organizing and carrying out the marketing process. Another definition is the charges which are paid for any marketing activity such as, assembling, transportation, storage, grading processing, wholesaling and retailing. The most important factors, which influence marketing costs, are distance between production and consumption markets, conditions of the roads, seasonality, perish-ability, packaging, storage and processing [25]. Marketing produce was estimated at per 100 garland basis for different market intermediaries. Results indicated that the producer and contractor costs were estimated Rs.75 and 40/100 garlands respectively, while the wholesaler and retailer had cost of Rs.10 and Rs.25/100 garlands. This was because of transportation of produce from market floor to selling point and rent of shop or barrow etc. while marigold producers spend Rs.80 and 40/100 garlands. Wholesaler and retailer had the minimum cost of Rs.10 and Rs.25/100 garlands respectively.

N. Market margins Analysis: Marketing margins calculated for different marketing intermediaries involved in flower marketing in KPK are as shown in (Table 11). The above estimates reveal that the producer and retailer got the highest margin in the one step promotion of marigold, rose and produce as compared to other market intermediaries such as contractor and wholesaler as shown in (Table 11).

O. Net margin: Net margins calculated for different marketing intermediaries involved in flower marketing in KPK are in (Table 12). Producers earned the highest share (62-64%) of the consumer rupee than the other market intermediaries mainly because producers contract out their produce at immature stage to the contractors, hence gained low market margins.

P. Marketing problem: Non-availability of proper flower’s market in the locality and lack of knowledge regarding management practices and marketing were the major problem, mentioned by the majority of the flower growers in the research areas. The lack of credit was also found to be the critical problem, which affects the decision of growers. This was one of the serious problems for flowers area during summer season to fulfill high market demand.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Conclusion

From above study it is concluded that:

a) No proper policies and less educated labors involved in cut flowers marketing.

b) The extension worker and link between the marketing agencies and floriculture are not working properly.

c) Cut flowers growers had not enough money to be invested for upgraded innovation and technologies for land preparation.

d) Farmers are mostly illiterate and not in the link with the floriculture experts to aware of the good quality and certified seeds.

e) Marketing system, road infrastructure is in poor conditions.

f) Markets are away from the farm gates which is a great problem for transportation.

Recommendations

In light of the above conclusion, the following recommendations can be made:

a) The most obvious implication of the results of this study is that sound policies are needed to promote formal education among rural households as a means of enhancing rose cut flower production in the long run.

b) Policymakers should focus on enhancing farmer’s access to information via the provision of better extension services.

c) There is need to investment in land preparation technology; investments in improving agricultural labor productivity; need to promote the use of FYM. Cheap and effective pesticides would be introduced.

d) Farmers should use seed quantity recommended by the floricultures experts in order to maintain plant population at reasonable level.

e) Policy makers should also focus on the development of market and road infrastructure, and supply outlets should be located closer to the farm gate.

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