#opere 1909-1960

[mybeingthere]

Virginia Lee Burton (1909-1968) was one of the most significant and groundbreaking children’s book author/illustrators of the 20th Century. Her classic books have never been out of print and are currently embraced by a fourth generation of early readers. This is an extraordinary achievement in the world of children’s picture books. The importance of early reading experiences to a child’s development is profound and Burton’s contribution to a child’s love of reading and ongoing literacy is significant.

Burton was at the forefront of the developing American Picture Book. Her dynamic illustrations, use of colour, space, typeface and design were a dramatic departure from the European picture books that were prevalent in the United States in the early 20th Century. Similarly, her themes of overcoming obstacles, meeting challenges, environmental awareness and adapting to change while honouring the past are evergreen and have a particularly American energy and spirit.

She also founded and led The Folly Cove Designers, a group of designer-craftsmen living on and around Cape Ann, north of Boston MA, which operated from the late 1930’s through the late 1960’s, and achieved international renown for the excellence of its block-printed textiles and designs.

For more information about Virginia Lee Burton go to www.virginialeeburton.com

[kudzucataclysm]

SE Timeline Rough Draft

Early 1800s - Martians arrive on Earth after a century of observation. They either land in central Siberia or the Alps. Over the course of a couple years, the Martians split up to infiltrate human society. They are extremely successful.

1868 - Computers are invented.

1889 - Lupe Altena is born.

1897 - Personal computers invented. Sold to the general public.

1904 - Hammond is created.

1909 - There are over 500 webpages on the world wide web. This is the start of the internet.

1914 - WW1.

1917 - Carmine Keller is born.

1922 - WW1 ends in a “stalemate” with the establishment of multiple European DMZs. 

1925 - The first man in space. A political party, “The Machine”, takes the majority of power in congress.

1930s - Britain goes to war with Japan. Superscience race begins, leading to the invention of the atomic bomb. Lupe splits from The Machine (The New Machine) and funds the creation of the Martian hunting team known as ATLAS. First mutant powers begin to emerge.

1940s - Economic stagnation as conflicts at the European DMZs begin to escalate. America looks to profit as it appears another outbreak of total war may occur in Europe. Hammond and Azelfafage meet; Lupe catches ADP. Friday joins ATLAS.

1951 - Yellowstone Incident. Global atomic war begins 7 hours later. The winter of that year lasts for almost a decade.

1951-1969 - Famine. Plague. Civil war. Nuclear, broken weather. Superpowered chaos. Tall tales emerging from the wastes of red creatures with a hundred eyes… 

1955? - Lupe Altena establishes the Promethean Society and headquarters The New Machine in the outskirts of the former city of Chicago.

1958 - The construction of what will eventually be known as “The NEC” begins.

1960s - Countries not as devastated by the atomic war (such as Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, Switzerland, Argentina, etc) attempt peacekeeping operations in the United States with little to no success. The Disincorporated United States of America is established, and a corporate committee of “superheroes” acts as its sword.

1970? - Martians reveal themselves to the world, promising aid and support in exchange for Earth’s resources. They soon begin terraforming Earth’s atmosphere in order to ensure a major ice age.

1971 - Intersolar Protocol is signed. A new species, known as “Chimera”, explodes across the world.

1973 - Maya Fontaine is born.

1974 - Carson Keller is born.

1980s - Necropolis turns into a tower of Babel, a megacity of stacked/layered cities, out in the middle of Lake Michigan due to the Martian King Azelfafage. The city’s population grows to the size of a country, and is unofficially regarded as such (to the ire of DUSA). It becomes a free economic zone, influenced largely by foreign capital.

1990 - Lupe Altena disappears. The authority of the NEC falls into feudalism between cities and layers. Francis Mueller is born.

1991 - Outbreak of firestorms across the southern states. Desmond Arkady is born.

1995 - Hammond disappears.

1999 - Francis experiences a “medical incident”. She develops a form of amnesia.

2000 - Francis and Vincent meet.

2003 - Sloane Arkady abandons the family. Francis is handed over to alleged crime lord Carmine Keller.

2004 - The remnants of the Arkady family move to the NEC.

2005 - Desmond is inducted into the Promethean School of Science.

[officiallordvetinari]

Here are 10 (more) featured Wikipedia articles. Links and summaries are below the cut.

Black American Sign Language (BASL) or Black Sign Variation (BSV) is a dialect of American Sign Language (ASL) used most commonly by deaf African Americans in the United States. The divergence from ASL was influenced largely by the segregation of schools in the American South.

Cai Lun (Chinese: 蔡伦; courtesy name: Jingzhong (敬仲); c. 50–62 – 121 CE), formerly romanized as Ts'ai Lun, was a Chinese eunuch court official of the Eastern Han dynasty. He is traditionally regarded as the inventor of paper and the modern papermaking process.

The Cock Lane ghost was a purported haunting that attracted mass public attention in 1762. The location was a lodging in Cock Lane, a short road adjacent to London's Smithfield market and a few minutes' walk from St Paul's Cathedral.

The indigenous people of the Everglades region arrived in the Florida peninsula of what is now the United States approximately 14,000 to 15,000 years ago, probably following large game. The Paleo-Indians found an arid landscape that supported plants and animals adapted to prairie and xeric scrub conditions. Large animals became extinct in Florida around 11,000 years ago. Climate changes 6,500 years ago brought a wetter landscape.

James William Humphreys (7 January 1930 – September 2003) was an English businessman and criminal who owned a chain of adult book shops and strip clubs in London in the 1960s and 1970s. He was able to run his business through the payment of large bribes to serving police officers, particularly those from the Obscene Publications Branch (OPB) of the Metropolitan Police.

The London Necropolis Company (LNC), formally the London Necropolis & National Mausoleum Company until 1927, was a cemetery operator established by Act of Parliament in 1852 in reaction to the crisis caused by the closure of London's graveyards in 1851. The LNC intended to establish a single cemetery large enough to accommodate all of London's future burials in perpetuity.

The Order of Brothelyngham was a group of men who, in the mid-14th century, formed themselves into a fake religious order in the city of Exeter, Devon. They may well have been satirising the church, which was commonly perceived as corrupt.

Phan Đình Phùng (Vietnamese: [faːn ɗîŋ̟ fûŋm]; 1847 – January 21, 1896) was a Vietnamese revolutionary who led rebel armies against French colonial forces in Vietnam. He was the most prominent of the Confucian court scholars involved in anti-French military campaigns in the 19th century and was cited after his death by 20th-century nationalists as a national hero.

The Tottenham Outrage of 23 January 1909 was an armed robbery in Tottenham, North London, that resulted in a two-hour chase between the police and armed criminals over a distance of six miles (10 km), with an estimated 400 rounds of ammunition fired by the thieves. The robbery, of workers' wages from the Schnurmann rubber factory, was carried out by Paul Helfeld and Jacob Lepidus, Jewish Latvian immigrants.

Volubilis (Latin pronunciation: [wɔˈɫuːbɪlɪs]; Arabic: وليلي, romanized: walīlī; Berber languages: ⵡⵍⵉⵍⵉ, romanized: wlili) is a partly-excavated Berber-Roman city in Morocco situated near the city of Meknes that may have been the capital of the Kingdom of Mauretania, at least from the time of King Juba II.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 3.4 (after 1900)

1901 – McKinley inaugurated president for second time; Theodore Roosevelt is vice president. 1908 – The Collinwood school fire, Collinwood near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people. 1909 – U.S. President William Taft used what became known as a Saxbe fix, a mechanism to avoid the restriction of the U.S. Constitution's Ineligibility Clause, to appoint Philander C. Knox as U.S. Secretary of State. 1913 – First Balkan War: The Greek army engages the Turks at Bizani, resulting in victory two days later. 1913 – The United States Department of Labor is formed. 1917 – Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first female member of the United States House of Representatives. 1933 – Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the 32nd President of the United States. He was the last president to be inaugurated on March 4. 1933 – Frances Perkins becomes United States Secretary of Labor, the first female member of the United States Cabinet. 1933 – The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure – Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates an authoritarian rule by decree. 1941 – World War II: The United Kingdom launches Operation Claymore on the Lofoten Islands; the first large scale British Commando raid. 1943 – World War II: The Battle of the Bismarck Sea in the south-west Pacific comes to an end. 1943 – World War II: The Battle of Fardykambos, one of the first major battles between the Greek Resistance and the occupying Royal Italian Army, begins. It ends on 6 March with the surrender of an entire Italian battalion and the liberation of the town of Grevena. 1944 – World War II: After the success of Big Week, the USAAF begins a daylight bombing campaign of Berlin. 1946 – Field Marshal C. G. E. Mannerheim, the 6th president of Finland, resigns from his position for health reasons. 1955 – An order to protect the endangered Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) is legalized. 1957 – The S&P 500 stock market index is introduced, replacing the S&P 90. 1960 – The French freighter La Coubre explodes in Havana, Cuba, killing 100. 1962 – A Caledonian Airways Douglas DC-7 crashes shortly after takeoff from Cameroon, killing 111 – the worst crash of a DC-7. 1966 – A Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-8-43 explodes on landing at Tokyo International Airport, killing 64 people. 1966 – In an interview in the London Evening Standard, The Beatles' John Lennon declares that the band is "more popular than Jesus now". 1970 – French submarine Eurydice explodes underwater, resulting in the loss of the entire 57-man crew. 1976 – The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention is formally dissolved in Northern Ireland resulting in direct rule of Northern Ireland from London by the British parliament. 1977 – The 1977 Vrancea earthquake in eastern and southern Europe kills more than 1,500, mostly in Bucharest, Romania. 1980 – Nationalist leader Robert Mugabe wins a sweeping election victory to become Zimbabwe's first black prime minister. 1985 – The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for HIV infection, used since then for screening all blood donations in the United States. 1986 – The Soviet Vega 1 begins returning images of Halley's Comet and the first images of its nucleus. 1990 – American basketball player Hank Gathers dies after collapsing during the semifinals of a West Coast Conference tournament game. 1990 – Lennox Sebe, President for life of the South African Bantustan of Ciskei, is ousted from power in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier Oupa Gqozo. 1994 – Space Shuttle program: the Space Shuttle Columbia is launched on STS-62. 1996 – A derailed train in Weyauwega, Wisconsin (USA) causes the emergency evacuation of 2,300 people for 16 days. 1998 – Gay rights: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex. 2001 – BBC bombing: A massive car bomb explodes in front of the BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring one person; the attack was attributed to the Real IRA.

[bobemajses]

My great grandparents were married young in Boston, my great grandfather being an immigrant front Zvhill (boarded ship 1909) a d my great grandmother was Litvish and that is all I know about her. They lived in Brookline, had 4 kids, and allegedly got kicked out of shul for being unable to pay dues. Because of this, I am the last practicing jew in my family! Zvhil is also known as Novogorod-Volnsk and is home to a decent hasidic dynasty. My great grandfather was involved w the jewish workers circle though, unsure how that lined up.

Thank you! Zhvil or Novogtad Volynsky was actually a very important Hasidic center, giving birth to a dynasty that transverses generations and geography. Mosheh, one of several sons of Yehi'el Mikhl of Zlotshev (a disciple of the Besht and the Magid), established himself in Zhvil and became a Tsadik (a title indicating a righteous person who never sins in thought, speech, or action). Moshe's dynasty is the only one, among those of his brothers, that has survived and it now exists in Jerusalem.

The first Jews of Zhvil are mentioned in the document from 1488, when the town was under the rule of Casimir Jagiellon, the Grand Duke of Lithuania. Most Jews were engaged in innkeeping, crafts and the trades, the leather trade preeminent among them (the skill of working with leather migrated to the mill towns of Massachusetts, along with the migrating Jews who left Zhvil). On the northern outskirts of the city (near the brewery) there was a special district of Jewish tanners, who even had their own synagogue. In 1816 Jews occupied the posts of one of the two mayors and two of the five council members of the town magistrate.

The community suffered greatly during the Russian civil war, with thousands murdered by depraved mobs unhinged by the chaos, deprivation, and anarchy of war. They set fire to houses, plundered them, killed men, violated women. Many other Jews were dispersed, and Zhvil was completely burned to the ground.

In 1919, a great number of Jews were dragged to the bank of the river Slutsc, where they were told to dig. Then the murderers undressed them naked, chopped off their arms and threw them alive into the grave. In one instance a father was compelled to chop off the arms of his son; in another, a son was made to do the same thing to his father. About 500 Jews perished in this way. In Juli, Pogorelov, the initiator of the atrocities, stopped the pogrom, but demanded of the Jews 50 horses and a great quantity of salt and sugar. The Jews delivered to him whatever they succeeded in collecting.

By 1929 a massive attack on the religious community by the Commmunist authorities began and ended in the mid-30s with closing of all synagogues and prayer houses. The last Rabbi of Zhvil, Gedale-Moyshe Goldman, was sentenced to 7 years in Siberian labor camps.

Novograd Volynsky was occupied by German troops on July 8, 1941. The murder of the town's Jews started in late July 1941 and lasted until September of the same year. The Jews who survived these murder operations (most of them skilled workers in occupations needed by the Germans) as well as Jews from surrounding villages were rounded up and interned in a ghetto, where terrible living conditions, starvation, and exhaustion took their toll. In the winter of 1943, a number of ghetto inmates fled to the forests north of Zhitomir, where theu joined partisans units. The remaining ghetto population, as well as some captured Jews, were shot.

After 1945, there was a small religious Jewish community in the town. It owned house 24 on Troitskaya Street. On July 30, 1960, the town authorities decided to give this building to the local department of education. The local press started a powerful propaganda campaign against Judaism and heads of the community. After that, the Jewish community existed illegal. In December 2001, only 188 Jews were registered in the city.

[vintagelasvegas]

The former Palace Theatre debuts as Guild Theatre, 210 S 2nd St (Casino Center Blvd), with a screening of Spartacus in 1960. Photo: Facing south between Carson & Bridger. Edythe and Lloyd Katz Collection, UNLV Special Collections.

Las Vegas movie theaters: an incomplete timeline

Isis Theatre (c. 1909-1911). Outdoor venue. 23 Fremont.

Majestic (1911-c. 1935). Griffith Building, 127 Fremont. C.P. Squires, owner. Later owned by E.W. Cragin & W. Pike. Beginning in 1915 Cragin & Pike hold outdoor “Air Dome” on shows 2nd St in summer months, and outdoor air dome shows at Fremont & 3rd in the 1920s.

El Portal (1928-1978). Cragin & Pike, builders, owners. Charles Alexander MacNelledge, architect. First air conditioning in Las Vegas. El Portal Theatre timeline.

Airdome Follies Theater, aka Airdome Theater (1931). Outdoor venue, 1st & Carson.

Palace (1932-1960) renamed Guild (1960-c. 1976). 210 S Casino Center. R.W. Thomas, owner. A.L. Worswick, architect. Later owned by Katz. Replaced by Golden Nugget parking.

Vegas Theatre (1943-1948?) 1518 Fremont.

Huntridge Theatre (1944-c. 1990) Huntridge Theatre timeline.

Western, aka New Western (1944-1950s) 114 S 1st.

Fremont Theatre (1947-1975) 226 Fremont. Owned by Katz 50s-70s.

Motor-Vu Drive-In (1948-1959) aka Stardust Drive-In (1959-1968). Located adjacent to Frontier hotel. Unaffiliated with Stardust hotel & casino.

Skyway Drive-In (1954-1981) 4035 Boulder Hwy.

Fox Theatre (1965-1988) Charleston Mall Plaza, 1800 E Charleston

Cinerama (1965-1977) 3900 Paradise Road

Red Rock Theatres (1966-2000) 5201 W Charleston Blvd. Built by Lucille Cragin, original design by Hugh Taylor.

Bonanza Movie Palace (1967-1973) Bonanza Hotel & Casino, 3645 LVBS. Unclear whether the theater operated continuously.

Flick Theatre (1969-1994) 719 E. Fremont. Began showing art films, soon moved to XXX.

Parkway Theatre (1970-1995) Boulevard Mall

Cinemas 1,2,3 (1972-1986) 414 Fremont. Triplex, Lloyd Katz, Nevada Theatre Corp. Called Las Vegas Dollar Cinemas late 80s.

Gaiety Theatre (1972-1977) 1304 LVBS. XXX

Rancho Circle Theatre (1973), renamed El Rancho Teatro (1975) at Rancho Circle Shopping Center, 2401 W Bonanza Rd. Eddie Escobedo, Jaime Yepes‘ El Rancho Teatro showed Spanish language films.

Desert 5 Drive-In (1975-90s?) 2606 S. Lamb Blvd

Sources: Picture Show, Las Vegas Age, 4/8/1911; “Majestic Green Airdome” (ad) Las Vegas Age, 7/17/20; “Gala Fete at El Portal Planned Tonight.” Las Vegas Age, 6/21/28; “Airdone Follies Theatre” (ad) Review-Journal, 6/6/31; “Palace Theatre Will Open Doors.” Review-Journal, 5/2/32; “New Western” (announcements, ads), Review-Journal, 6/30/44; Ashbaugh, D. “New Guild Theater Completes.” Review-Journal, 10/31/60; “Theatre opening set.” Review-Journal, 4/30/72; Ceremonies set for theater opening. Review-Journal, 9/12/75; Horowitz, D. “Locklead wowed ‘em at the old Majestic.” Review-Journal, 4/25/76; E. Harrington. “Las Vegas’ First Shows.” The Nevadan, 12/18/77; Guide to the Edythe and Lloyd Katz Photographs, UNLV Special Collections; Cinema Treasures; Classic Las Vegas.

[lboogie1906]

Garlington Jerome “G. J.” Sutton (June 22, 1909 - June 22, 1976) was the first African American official elected from San Antonio.

He attended Wiley College but earned his BS from Wilberforce University. He gains a BS in Mortuary Science from Cincinnati College.

He joined his brother to operate Sutton and Sutton Mortuary. The mortuary is still in business today. He founded Gates of Heaven Memorial Gardens Cemetery in San Antonio.

He served as a delegate to the 1960 Democratic National Convention. When the Texas House of Representatives redrew their districts in 1972, he became the first African American official elected in San Antonio. He served in that capacity until his death. With the encouragement of his best friend Rev. Claude Black, his wife Lou Nelle Sutton ran and succeeded her husband in the Texas House of Representatives.

There is a Federal building named in his honor, which is located in San Antonio. It is on the outskirts of downtown at 321 N. Center St. It has become an office building for the Health and Human Service Commission. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[sanfrancisco-ca-living]

Stylish And Comfortable

Vance Apartments, situated in San Francisco, offers a range of thoughtfully designed living spaces, including studio, one, two, and three-bedroom apartments. These modern residences feature energy-efficient LED lighting fixtures, ensuring a bright and eco-friendly environment. You can enjoy ample natural light and captivating city views with large, peerless, operable windows. Solar fabric roller window shades add privacy and sustainability to your living experience. If you're searching for 1 bedroom apartments San Francisco locals recommend, choose Vance Apartments. They provide a stylish and comfortable urban oasis. Visit them to explore these well-appointed homes and discover the ideal space for your city living needs.

Elevated Urban Living Experience

Vance Apartments offers an impressive array of living options, including studio, one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments to cater to your diverse needs. Their meticulously designed apartments feature modern convenience, with selected units boasting designer kitchens equipped with refrigerators, electric ranges, and microwaves – perfect for culinary enthusiasts. To elevate your urban living experience, some of their apartments even come with private terraces, providing a tranquil outdoor escape amid the bustling city. If you're searching for 2 bedroom apartments in downtown SF, Vance Apartments is the ideal destination. Explore their contemporary, spacious units and discover the perfect residence to call home in the vibrant heart of San Francisco.

The History of San Francisco, California

San Francisco has a rich history dating back to its founding in 1776 by Spanish colonists. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 before being claimed by the United States during the Mexican-American War in 1846. The 1848-1849 California Gold Rush brought a massive influx of fortune-seekers, leading to rapid growth and transformation.

In 1906, a devastating earthquake and subsequent fire destroyed much of the city, prompting a massive rebuilding effort. San Francisco emerged as a cultural and economic hub, known for its iconic landmarks like the Golden Gate Bridge and Alcatraz Island.

The city played a pivotal role in the counterculture movement of the 1960s and remains a center of innovation, technology, and diversity.

Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, CA

Golden Gate Park is a vast urban oasis in San Francisco, covering over 1,000 acres. Established in the late 19th century, this green expanse offers various attractions and activities. Visitors can explore botanical gardens, including the stunning Japanese Tea Garden, admire sculptures and art installations, and visit world-class museums such as the de Young Museum and California Academy of Sciences. The park features lakes, meadows, and wooded areas, ideal for picnics, outdoor concerts, and leisurely walks or bike rides. The park highlights include the Conservatory of Flowers, Stow Lake, and the iconic windmills. Golden Gate Park is a cherished natural and cultural gem within the city.

San Francisco's Cliff House Restaurant to Reopen in 2024

The Cliff House Restaurant is perched dramatically on the cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean. It is an iconic dining establishment in San Francisco with a rich history. Originally built in 1858, it has undergone several renovations, and the current incarnation was constructed in 1909. The restaurant offers breathtaking views of the rugged coastline, providing an unforgettable dining experience. Known for its seafood-focused menu, the Cliff House serves fresh and delectable dishes while celebrating its maritime heritage. It's also a popular spot for tourists to enjoy a meal or drink while enjoying the stunning sunsets. With its timeless charm and spectacular location, the Cliff House remains a cherished destination on the San Francisco coast.

Link to maps

Golden Gate Park San Francisco, CA, United States Head east on Oak St toward Shrader St 1.8 mi Turn left onto Franklin St 0.5 mi Turn right onto Eddy St Destination will be on the left 249 ft Vance 830 Eddy St, San Francisco, CA 94109, United States

[honeyleesblog]

Astrological Outlook and Character Analysis for Individuals with a May 16th Birthday

They are extremely grasping, touchy and close to home individuals. High heart and consideration are the principal attributes of these individuals. In any case, they can be severe and corrupt, and notwithstanding their tranquil disposition they battle for power and authority. They have an unwavering confidence in their own power and are persuaded of their capacities; they are not exceptionally held. They need to carry on with a public existence and spread their social movement. Satisfying social obligations gives them delight and fulfillment, however they likewise appreciate harmony and significance, and they are fit for resistance and graciousness. They have numerous companions and colleagues, yet these must be helpful. Business associations with companions will bring them misfortunes. A portion of your concerns are brought about by foes. Monetary issues are not especially great in your childhood. Their material circumstance works on halfway through their lives. They will need congruity in marriage. Astrological Outlook and Character Analysis for Individuals with a May 16th Birthday 

 On the off chance that your birthday is May 16, your zodiac sign is Taurus May 16 - character and character character: tireless, delicate, genuine, contemptuous, chatty, mean; calling: rancher, spy, turner; colors: red, olive, ruby; stone: red emerald; animal: chameleon; plant: woman's shroud; fortunate numbers: 7,14,40,46,51,52 very fortunate number: 9 Occasions and observances - May 16 Global Day of Living respectively in Harmony In Costa Rica it is the Public Day of the Microbiologist and Clinical Physicist. Global Day of Light May 16 Superstar Birthday. Who was conceived that very day as you? 1900: Juan Fდ©lix Sდ¡nchez, Venezuelan craftsman (f. 1997). 1905: Henry Fonda, American entertainer (d. 1982). 1906: Arturo Uslar Pietri, Venezuelan author, columnist and legislator (f. 2001). 1907: Antonდ­n Puე?, Czechoslovak footballer (d. 1988). 1909: Ubaldo Martდ­nez, Uruguayan entertainer (d. 1977). 1909: Margaret Sullavan, American entertainer (d. 1960). 1910: Olga Bergholz, Russian artist (d. 1975). 1912: Studs Terkel, American author (d. 2008). 1913: Woody Herman, American performer (d. 1987). 1913: Juan Suდ¡rez Martდ­nez, Spanish money manager (f. 2006). 1914: Edward T. Lobby, American anthropologist (d. 2009). 1915: Mario Monicelli, Italian movie producer (d. 2010). 1916: Adriana Caselotti, American entertainer (f. 1997). 1916: Ephraim Katzir, Israeli legislator (d. 2009). 1917: Juan Rulfo, Mexican author (d. 1986). 1917: George Gaynes, American entertainer. 1919: Liberace (Wladziu Valentino Liberace), American piano player (d. 1987). 1919: Ramდ³n Margalef, Spanish biologist (f. 2004). 1920: Martine Song, French entertainer (d. 1967). 1921: Harry Carey Jr., American entertainer (d. 2012). 1922: Eddie Bert, American trombonist (d. 2012). 1923: Merton Mill operator, American business analyst, Nobel laureate in financial aspects in 1990 (f. 2000). 1924: Dawda Jawara, Gambian legislator, first president. 1925: Bobbejaan Schoepen, Belgian performer (d. 2010). 1925: Ola Vincent, Nigerian financial specialist (d. 2012). 1925: Nancy Roman, American stargazer. 1927: Nდ­lton Santos, Brazilian soccer player. 1928: Alfred Manuel Billy Martin, American baseball player (d. 1989). 1929: Adrienne Rich, American artist and women's activist (d. 2012). 1930: Betty Carter, American jazz vocalist (d. 1998). 1930: Friedrich Gulda, Austrian piano player and author (d. 2000). 1930: Alberto Terry, Peruvian soccer player (d. 2006). 1931: Vujadin Boვ¡kov, Serbian footballer and mentor (d. 2014). 1936: Francisco Sდ¡nchez Martდ­nez, Spanish astrophysicist. 1936: Karl Lehmann, German cardinal. 1937: Antonio Rattდ­n, Argentine soccer player, mentor and legislator. 1937: Yvonne Craig, American entertainer. 1941: Carlos Perciavalle, Uruguayan entertainer, comedian, maker and guide. 1943: Marcelino Vergara, Spanish player (d. 2010). 1944: Danny Trejo, American entertainer of Mexican beginning. 1944: Juan Villarzდº, Chilean financial specialist and lawmaker. 1944: Billy Cobham, Panamanian jazz drummer. 1945: Carlos Osoro, Spanish diocesan. 1945: Martha Beatriz Roque, Cuban financial specialist. 1946: Robert Fripp, English performer, of the band Ruler Ruby. 1948: Jesper Christensen, Danish entertainer. 1950: J. Georg Bednorz, German physicist, 1987 Nobel Prize champ in Material science. 1950: Rubდ©n Alberto Gდ³mez, Argentine crook and military torturer. 1951: Christian Lacroix, French high fashion creator. 1953: Puncture Brosnan, Irish entertainer. 1953: Luis Javier Argდ¼ello Garcდ­a, Spanish minister. 1954: Ana Laguna, Spanish artist. 1955: Caridad Canelდ³n, Venezuelan entertainer and vocalist. 1955: Olga Kდ³rbut, Belarusian acrobat. 1955: Debra Winger, American entertainer. 1957: Joan Benoit, American competitor. 1957: Antonio Maceda, Spanish footballer. 1959: Cynthia del დ?guila, Guatemalan instructor and legislator. 1959: Roberto Piazza, Argentine originator. 1959: Female horse Winningham, American entertainer. 1961: Solveig Dommartin, French-German entertainer. 1961: Jeannette Rodrდ­guez, Venezuelan entertainer. 1961: Charles Wright, American grappler. 1962: Nuria Gonzდ¡lez, Spanish entertainer. 1962: Roberto Iniesta, Spanish vocalist, of the Extremoduro band. 1963: Mercedes Echerer, Austrian entertainer and lawmaker. 1964: Boyd Tinsley, American violin player, of the Dave Matthews Band. 1964: John Salley, American b-ball player. 1965: Krist Novoselic, American performer, of the band Nirvana. 1966: Janet Jackson, American vocalist. 1966: Thurman Thomas, American football player. 1969: David Boreanaz, American entertainer. 1969: Tracey Gold, American entertainer. 1969: Steve Lewis, American competitor. 1970: Gabriela Sabatini, Argentine tennis player. 1971: Josდ© Oscar Flores, Argentine footballer and mentor. 1972: Khary Payton, American entertainer. 1973: Jason Acuna, American entertainer. 1973: custom curriculum, American rapper. 1973: Tatiana of Liechtenstein, Princess of Liechtenstein. 1973: Tori Spelling, American entertainer. 1974: Laura Pausini, Italian vocalist. 1974: Sonny Sandoval, American vocalist, of the band Payable On Death. 1975: Tony Kakko, Finnish performer, of the band Sonata Arctica. 1975: Khalid al-Mihdhar, Saudi psychological militant who took part in 9/11 (d. 2001). 1977: Dolcenera, Italian artist. 1977: Zatu, rapper, Spanish. 1977: Randy Ebright, American drummer. 1977: Melanie Lynskey, New Zealand entertainer. 1977: Emiliana Torrini, Icelandic artist lyricist. 1978: Lionel Scaloni, Argentine footballer. 1978: Ernesto Sevilla, Spanish entertainer and moderator. 1978: Jim Sturgess, English entertainer. 1979: McKenzie Lee, English pornography entertainer. 1979: Sergio Roitman, Argentine tennis player. 1980: Mikel Alonso, Spanish footballer. 1980: Juan Arango, Venezuelan soccer player. 1981: Joseph Morgan, English entertainer. 1981: Ricardo Costa, Portuguese soccer player. 1982: Billy Crawford, American entertainer and performer. 1982: Joo Ji Hoon, South Korean entertainer and model. 1982: ვ?ukasz Kubot, Clean tennis player. 1983: Nancy Ajram, Lebanese model, essayist and artist. 1984: Darდ­o Cvitanich, Argentine soccer player. 1985: Stanislav Ianevski, Bulgarian entertainer. 1985: Tadayoshi Okura, entertainer, artist, model, drummer and Japanese icon. 1986: Megan Fox, American entertainer. 1986: Andy Keogh, Irish footballer. 1988: Jesდºs Castillo, Mexican soccer player. 1988: Abella Anderson, American explicit entertainer. 1989: დ?lvaro Domდ­nguez, Spanish footballer. 1989: Behati Prinsloo, model Namibia. 1990: Thomas Brodie-Sangster, English entertainer. 1991: Grigor Dimitrov, Bulgarian tennis player. 1993: IU, South Korean artist, musician and entertainer. 1994: Bryan Rabello, Chilean soccer player. 1995: Nicole Durazo, Mexican entertainer. 1998: Ariel Waller, Canadian entertainer. 2001: Carlota Boza, Spanish entertainer.

[yatescountyhistorycenter]

A titan of local industry

By Jonathan Monfiletto

Penn Yan – like many small towns across the Finger Lakes region, and perhaps like many towns small and large across the United States of America, in the days before globalization – has boasted many industries and manufacturers throughout its history. Not many of these factories, however, can boast of itself as a 100-plus-year institution – in different forms – in the community, but the company known as Walker Bin or Walkerbilt can do so.

The company best known as Walkerbilt, which stood in its final days on North Avenue in a building where Mozaic (a merger of Arc of Seneca Cayuga and Arc of Yates) is now situated, can trace its roots to 1870 and a sawmill and lumberyard run by Charles Welles. The operation produced lumber from logs and planed them for carpenters’ use, later adding woodworking machines and milling services. The operation also began providing factory fabrication used in building homes; until factories made such items, wood products were made by craftsmen on the premises as they built buildings. The craftsman did it with hand tools; the factories made them with power tools. M.B. Miller eventually took over the business, and then it came into the hands of John Shepherd.

In 1890, William M. Patterson acquired the business and continued to improve it and strengthen it. The year 1900, though, marked the point at which it became most familiar to students of Yates County history. That year, Patterson became acquainted with E.J. Walker, a Philadelphia merchant who had invented a store merchandising system and created the Walker Patent Pivoted Bin Company. Walker developed a special type of bin designed to be self-counterbalancing so it was easier to open and shut, and he had started to build these bins in a factory in Camden, New Jersey. Instead, Walker and Patterson combined their resources and began working together in Penn Yan as the Walker Bin Company.

The company officially started in 1909 and moved its operation to Lake Street – where Patterson had been conducting his sash, door, and blind factory – the following year. Walker Bin thrived; a couple of undated newspaper articles – likely from the 1910s – document the company moving its main office from Philadelphia to Penn Yan and breaking ground on additions to its building to expand its footprint, its operation, and its workforce. In a 1914 newspaper article, the company was praised both for its economic and social contributions to the community and its trademark product that streamlined the work of the retail industry. Walker Bin announced another expansion to its buildings and operations in 1924, and it also took over the former Commercial Iron Works property for its lumber yard.

The Great Depression, changes in merchandising practices, and the rise of chain stores all combined to turn the tide of the company’s fortunes. On January 1, 1934, the newspaper reported Walker Bin filed for bankruptcy. Within a few months, though, four workers revived the company under the name Walkerbilt and developed new products for the mill, specializing in woodwork for new central schools during the 1930s. When World War II arrived, the company turned to making products for war use, such as shell boxes, ammunition crates, and wooden truck body parts. Just as quickly, Walkerbilt shifted back to civilian production after the war with counters, shelving, tables, and special wood millwork for large and small buildings.

In 1948, the company incorporated was Walkerbilt Woodwork Inc., and it thrived in its buying and selling of materials used it homes, commercial buildings, farm buildings, and other construction. These products included lumber, cement, windows, doors, roofing, paint, glass, eavestrough, hardware, and more. Walkerbilt also manufactured store fixtures – including its trademark line of Walker Bins – radio cabinets, industrial wood parts, and custom woodwork.

Once again, as in its early years, Walkerbilt thrived; in 1960, it was reported the company added the manufacture of library equipment – with the law and medical libraries at the State Education Department building in Albany as examples of the local firm’s work – to its existing emphasis on millwork for hospitals and schools. In February 1964, Walkerbilt – along with other Yates County industries – reported an optimistic outlook for the year ahead, announcing it had a banner year in 1963 as it expanded its manufacture of library equipment with a focus on universities.

Nearly two years later, Walkerbilt – which at that point employed 108 people – announced it would move from its longtime Lake Street location to a then-to-be-announced location, still within Penn Yan village limits, as part of the village’s urban renewal plan that targeted the section of Lake Street between Main and Liberty streets. In November 1965, it was noted the company was plagued by financial difficulty because of the antiquated condition of its factory. In June 1969, the contract to construct the new facility on North Avenue was awarded to Iversen Construction Corp. of Gorham, with construction expected to begin in July and finish in March 1970.

Indeed, in June 1971, Walkerbilt both commemorated its centennial in business as part of Penn Yan’s industrial community and dedicated its modern building and state-of-the-art equipment. However, as much as the celebration brought good feelings to the company, its workforce, and the community, it didn’t seem to bring financial prosperity; just 18 months later – in January 1973 – Walkerbilt filed for bankruptcy and suggested it may seek a merger in order to provide financial stability. And that was the end of the story for Walkerbilt.

About a year later, in January 1974, Kilt Associates – a Rochester-based producer of school equipment – announced it had purchased Walkerbilt and revived the company’s millwork operations. However, within a few months in the spring and summer of 1974, the Heywood-Wakefield Furniture Company purchased the former Walkerbilt factory from Kilt and planned to begin production of maple bedroom furniture in August. In turn, in May 1979, it was announced the Heywood Wakefield plant would be sold to General Mills Inc., which produced lines of furniture in cherry, oak, and pine and upholstery goods under its Pennsylvania House subsidiary. The Penn Yan plant specialized in beds, tables, chests, and pieces in pine and oak for Pennsylvania House.

Pennsylvania House celebrated its 10th anniversary in business in Penn Yan in July 1989 with a tent sale for its employees and an open house for the community. The following February, however, the corporate office announced it would close the Penn Yan factory and move the production to its other factories around the country. And with that announcement came the true end to a titan of local industry for Penn Yan and Yates County.

[crispytriumphavenue]

Electrical Services - Local Electrician - Electrician

Enhancements to the collection in the 1930s, 1960s, and also 1980s were knocked down in addition to the whole interior of the initial 1909 collection. The front and rear brick brownstone façades were the only remaining parts. He has been with WPE for 25 years, starting as a pupil prior to developing himself as a supervisor of industrial, commercial and energy projects. He has been designated to a two-year term as the ECABC chair, according to a press release. To make certain one of the most safe and also ideal general experience on our internet site we advise the most up to date variations of Chrome, Side, Firefox, or Safari.

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Wilson functioned as the construction manager in jeopardy, and Incite Layout Studio was the engineer.

Below is a recap of Q3 outcomes as well as what to anticipate in Q4 for the electrical supply chain. If you wish to review the complete report, watch the Q Electrical Supply Chain Expectation. IRVINE, THE GOLDEN STATE, UNITED STATES, November 10, 2022/ EINPresswire.com/-- Although electrical supply rates continue to be stubbornly high, Q3 saw numerous vital electric sections' price indexes support, with rate adjustments hovering under 1% for the whole of the quarter. Regardless of this, certain vital sectors fell short to locate similar security, as prices on switchgear saw costs raise by as much as 5%. Improvements in expert system will aid alleviate both supply chain and labor pressures.

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Posted: Fri, 04 Nov 2022 16:01:45 GMT [source]

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Over the previous two decades, Trimble's David Keane has actually aided electrical specialists as well as other tradespeople use building technology to run their organizations extra beneficially as well as effectively. Manufacturing these preassembled systems off-site can aid get teams off jobsites as rapidly as feasible and on the following work. Keane said that contractors are developing not only typical preassemblies like component whips and prewired receptacle boxes off-site, but also avenue shelfs, load centers, wall settings up, temporary power systems on skids, as well as even modular electric spaces. ArcBlok 2500 provides better defense for electric contractors and also equipment, helping to avoid, separate as well as minimize arc events which reduces time spent on repairs.

[luxuryboats]

From Classic Wooden Boats to Modern Yachts: A Look at the Hacker Boat Company

Boats have been an integral part of human history for centuries and wooden boats have long been admired for their unique charm and elegance. However, as technology advanced, boats started to become more advanced and the emphasis shifted from the aesthetics to performance. Among companies that have bridged both aesthetics and performance is the Hacker Boat Company. Founded in 1909 by John Ludwig Hacker, the company has been building wooden boats of unparalleled beauty and performance for over 110 years. In this blog post, we will delve into the history, the boats, and the innovations that have made the Hacker Boat Company a legend in the boat-building industry.

1. A Walk Through History

The Hacker Boat Company was founded in Detroit in 1908 by John L. Hacker, a naval architect and boat builder. Hacker's goal was to create a wooden motorboat that was faster and more efficient than any that had come before. He succeeded: his boats quickly gained a reputation for their speed and beauty, winning numerous races and awards in the early 20th century.

In 1911, Hacker moved his boat-building operation to a new facility in Mount Clemens, Michigan. Over the next few decades, the Hacker Boat Company continued to produce some of the finest wooden motorboats in the world - including the Miss America X, which set a world speed record in 1932.

2. The Classic Wooden Boats

The Hacker Boat Company quickly became known for its wooden runabouts, which were characterized by their sleek lines, exquisite craftsmanship, and luxurious finishes. From the 1920s through the 1950s, the company produced some of the most sought-after wooden motorboats in the world - including the Hacker-Craft and the Thunderbird.

These boats were favored by the rich and famous, with celebrities like Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Katharine Hepburn all owning boats built by the Hacker Boat Company. Today, these classic wooden boats are still highly prized by collectors and enthusiasts alike.

3. Innovation and Modern Yachts

In the 1960s and 70s, the Hacker Boat Company shifted its focus from wooden runabouts to larger, more modern boats. The company began building fiberglass yachts, which were designed to combine modern engineering with classic styling. These yachts quickly earned a reputation for their quality and performance, and the company soon expanded into larger and more luxurious models.

Today, the Hacker Boat Company continues to build wooden runabouts and fiberglass yachts from its headquarters in Silver Bay, New York. Despite this modern expansion, the company has maintained its commitment to quality, craftsmanship, and traditional boat-building techniques.

4. The Legacy of Hacker Boats

In many ways, the Hacker Boat Company represents the perfect blend of old-world craftsmanship and modern technology. The company's boats are admired not just for their stunning designs, but also for their speed, precision, and durability. The Hacker Boat Company has weathered the ups and downs of the boat-building industry for over a century, and its boats will undoubtedly continue to be admired and cherished for generations to come.

The Hacker Boat Company is a testament to the enduring appeal of classic wooden boats and the importance of innovation and modernity in the boat-building industry. From its early days in Detroit to its modern headquarters in Silver Bay, the company has built boats that are both timeless and cutting-edge. Whether you prefer classic runabouts or modern yachts, there's no denying the charm, beauty, and quality of a Hacker boat. The Hacker Boat Company has left an indelible mark on the world of boating, and its legacy will continue to inspire and fascinate for years to come.

[fashionbooksmilano]

Carlo Carrà / Disegni

testo e schede Luigi Cavallo, a cura di Giorgio Chierici, introduzione e biografia Massimo Carrà

Il Disegno Italiano - Edizioni La Scaletta, SanPolo di Reggio Emilia 1995, 60 pagine, 18 illustrazioni, 41 tavole

euro 20,00

email if you want to buy booksinprogressmilano@yahoo.it

Opere dal 1909 al 1960 : Matite, carboncini, inchiostri

05/05/22

orders to:     booksinprogressmilano@yahoo.it

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twitter:         @fashionbooksmi

instagram:   fashionbooksmilano, designbooksmilano tumblr:          fashionbooksmilano, designbooksmilano

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 7.16 (1900-1960)

1909 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar. 1910 – John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia. 1915 – Henry James becomes a British citizen to highlight his commitment to Britain during the first World War. 1915 – At Treasure Island on the Delaware River in the United States, the First Order of the Arrow ceremony takes place and the Order of the Arrow is founded to honor American Boy Scouts who best exemplify the Scout Oath and Law. 1927 – Augusto César Sandino leads a raid on U.S. Marines and Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional that had been sent to apprehend him in the village of Ocotal, but is repulsed by one of the first dive-bombing attacks in history. 1931 – Emperor Haile Selassie signs the first constitution of Ethiopia. 1935 – The world's first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1941 – Joe DiMaggio hits safely for the 56th consecutive game, a streak that still stands as an MLB record. 1942 – Holocaust: Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv): The government of Vichy France orders the mass arrest of 13,152 Jews who are held at the Vélodrome d'Hiver in Paris before deportation to Auschwitz. 1945 – Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico. 1945 – World War II: The heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis leaves San Francisco with parts for the atomic bomb "Little Boy" bound for Tinian Island. 1948 – Following token resistance, the city of Nazareth, revered by Christians as the hometown of Jesus, capitulates to Israeli troops during Operation Dekel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. 1948 – The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by a subsidiary of the Cathay Pacific Airways, marks the first aircraft hijacking of a commercial plane. 1950 – Chaplain–Medic massacre: American POWs are massacred by North Korean Army. 1951 – King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son, Baudouin I of Belgium. 1951 – J. D. Salinger publishes his popular yet controversial novel, The Catcher in the Rye. 1956 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus closes its last "Big Tent" show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; due to changing economics, all subsequent circus shows will be held in arenas. 1957 – KLM Flight 844 crashes off the Schouten Islands in present day Indonesia (then Netherlands New Guinea), killing 58 people.

[fatehbaz]

In a so-called “post-colonial” world, the plantation remains, but the formal role of the king is replaced by a real estate company or an agro-economist aided by European and United States banks. New titles, but world-ending colonial violence, calculated dispossession, and resource extraction remain in very similar forms. Today, imperial resource extraction in tropical Africa is still closely connected to similar resource extraction in Southeast Asia. The legacy of 1890s plantations in Africa lives on today through Indigenous dispossession in Indonesia. Some of the companies that designed and profited off of plantations in the Belgian Congo still, today, exist, and they continue their business with similar tactics.

The Gilded Age didn’t end, it adapted.

Same entities who wrecked forests of the Congo also wrecked forests of Southeast Asia. Sometimes one individual company destroys multiple forest worlds across the planet. The agro-economist managing King Leopold’s notorious rubber plantations in the Belgian-controlled Congo (between 1885 and 1908, where millions died, and many others had their hands removed for failure to meet harvest quotas) ... was the same agro-economist who first introduced palm oil plantations in Southeast Asia. And his company would later come to control most of the world’s palm oil, while predatory lending from Wold Bank-style programs allowed similar European companies to return and (re)colonize Africa. Adrien Hallet was an acquaintance of the royal family circle. Leopold’s formal rule in Congo ended in 1908. But Hallet had made enough money in the rubber trade that he could afford to purchase property in Southeast Asia and, in 1909, he founded the Belgian plantation-operating company Socfin.

Hallet is credited as the one who “perfected” rubber tree plantation agriculture, experimenting in the Congo, and then Hallet used his knowledge of the African oil palm trees to introduce palm monoculture in Southeast Asia, founding the world’s first large-scale palm oil plantation in Sumatra.

Wealth extracted from plantations in Africa, sponsoring the further extraction of wealth from plantations in Southeast Asia. Dispossession in the Congo, funding dispossession in Indonesia.

By 1940, with Hallet’s son now running the company, Socfin controlled 20% of the world’s palm oil supply, and at least 5% of the world’s rubber. Most of this palm oil wealth was extracted from Southeast Asia. But the Belgian company had also returned to Africa, not under a “king’s” orders this time, but under corporate rule.

For the past 20 years, by far the highest rates of deforestation within the borders of a single nation-state occurs in Indonesia. Today, the majority of palm oil is produced in Indonesia. And 45% of the world’s palm oil comes specifically from Borneo (which is mostly controlled by the Indonesian state), where the forest habitat of highly endangered Borneo orangutan is nearly eliminated to clear ground for the plantations. Of the 8.3 million hectares of palm oil plantations in Borneo, the deforestation to accommodate the majority (5.4 million hectares) of the plantations happened merely in 10 years between 2010 and 2020. In other words, the plantations are rapidly expanding. And not only in Borneo. The many Indigenous people of West Papua live under colonial control of the nation of Indonesia; it has been said that West Papua is a de facto resource extraction colony for the Indonesian state. Cassowaries and other iconic regional creatures die. In Borneo and West Papua, resistance to encroaching monoculture is functionally criminalized.

Most of colonial Africa was “liberated” from European rule in the early 1960s, right? “Independence.” 

Socfin reorganized itself, using many subsidiaries. Socfin was then acquired by the infamous shady French conglomerate, Bollore, in 1988, now one of Europe’s top 200 companies.

The World Bank and IMF had held the continent hostage with structural adjustment and manipulative lending schemes which strong-armed people into accepting mass privatization of infrastructure, so that African communities were only allowed to access utilities that the industries and development projects deemed appropriate by financial institutions. “Oh, you’re an African community that wants access to our market? Play by IMF’s rules. Oh, you need a loan to build better drinking water access? You must allow a Canadian corporation to open a cobalt mine.” And so the Bollore group gained leverage, maintaining the economic presence established earlier by Socfin. 

Bollore now functionally controls major "transport, logistics, and communications” infrastructure across Africa, with tens of thousands of employees on the continent. Bollore has been accused of corruption of public officials. (In the final week of 2022, the billionaire patriarch of the Bollore family, in anticipation of handing control of the company over to his son in early 2023, announced that Bollore was selling its African operations to MSC for over 5.5 billion euros. MSC, headquartered in Geneva, operates in over 150 countries with over 100,000 employees, and owns the largest container ships on the planet.)

So the plantation is still here. The king isn’t technically in charge any more, but the financial institution replicates the function. Empire remains. Unofficially, of course.

[1863-project]

This has been tickling me for a while- but as a Pakistani person of Indian descent, I'm here to ask...What's your favorite train from that general vicinity? Focusing on mainly India since Britain established quite a few railways there historically- I should've clarified that sooner. But yeah! I feel as though Indian railways don't receive as much address as they should- especially in a post-colonial setting. Anyway, I'd love to hear your thoughts on this sorta thing!

OH I WAS LEGIT THINKING ABOUT THIS THE OTHER DAY

The coolest thing about Indian railways is that they managed to maintain steam well into the 1990s. It just delights me so much that steam locomotives were running regularly in my lifetime somewhere and it wasn't a heritage thing - these were just regular trains moving regular people (i.e. not tourists) around. I actually found an article from the Irish Times on the subject from 1999 - steam survived on the mainline until the dawn of the new millennium in India, and in some specific places even longer! Apparently there's a book by a fellow named Vikas Singh documenting steam locomotives in India, so I'm going to have to see if I can get it! According to him the most recent locomotive in the book was built in 2014, aka EIGHT YEARS AGO from the time of this post. That's incredible. One of the things I love about steam locomotives from India is they're often more decorative - a lot of them have designs on the front of the boiler, often stars. They're so beautiful and elegant-looking and I adore that.

I absolutely cannot post this without mentioning the Fairy Queen, which is the oldest regularly operating steam locomotive in the world. She was built in Leeds, England in 1855, and was then shipped to Kolkata that same year. Serving consistently until 1909, she then went on display for years after that until being restored and returned to service in 1997. She's tiny and she only maxes out at around 25 mph, but she makes up for that by sheer longevity.

Look at her, she's so cute! This photo was from 2011, when she was in for repairs after some of her parts were stolen, but she's as good as new again and now lives at the Rewari Railway Heritage Museum when she's not running. She's actually had National Treasure status since 1972.

Now, my taste in steam locomotives tends to veer heavily towards high-speed passenger rail, which of course means I’m going to naturally gravitate towards things like 4-6-2 Pacifics - and we’ve got a great one to look at here!

This is a Class WP, and they’re interesting because they were designed specifically to run on coal in India that was low-calorie and high-ash - they were made to optimize the particular type of coal available. The first locomotives in this class were actually built by Baldwin, an American locomotive manufacturer, with more being ordered from manufacturers in Canada, Poland, and Austria, and finally being built at home in the 1960s by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works with some slight changes that made them slightly heavier (these are referred to as WP/I locomotives). Apparently the entire class was still operational in the 1980s, and many survived into the 1990s in regular service! Three of them are operational today, with nine total in preservation. I just think these things are gorgeous, and I’m so glad there’s some survivors still in operation!

Basically, I love that steam lives on so gloriously in India in so many places. If you’re a steam nut like me, India is definitely not to be overlooked!