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masnmountz · 2 years ago

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falling for you - pedri gonzalez

SUMMARY - the world cup has just begun, and tensions are high, but so is the excitement.

PAIRING - pedri gonzalez x fem!reader

SONG INSPO - n/a

WARNINGS - none

WORD COUNT - 1.7k

NOTE - hi! this is my first fic on here! i hope you enjoy reading this!

you and pedri had been good friends for a while, and your families had been close for as long as you could remember.

so when pedri invited your family to watch him at the world cup with his own family, you were of course excited, but not shocked.

the date had started to get closer and you were getting more excited by the day.

in celebration you had pedri over for a casual dinner and movie, something the two of you had done for years, even in your schooling days.

the doorbell rang just as you had finished putting in the pizza order. you opened it to find a very smiley pedri. he was wearing a plain black t-shirt paired with red and black flannel pajama pants.

"hey, so when are we ordering food? i'm starving?"

his statement makes you giggle. pedri standing there and awkwardly chuckles, but he is being 100% serious.

"i already ordered it, it should get here in like 10 minutes".

the two of you make your way to your living room and takes your places on the couch. you start browsing movies, and everything you say you think looks good, pedri shoots down before requesting his movie ideas. as you bicker about what to watch, the doorbell rings, which sends pedri running towards the door. he greets the delivery man, grabbing the pizza box as if his life depends on it. he closes the door and immediately opens the box, grabbing a slice from it and taking a bite.

"PEDRI! PLATE!" you yell like a mother.

the two always had this type of relationship, you being the mature and logical one, and pedri being childish and careless, although as a person, he was very caring.

you both agree on the first harry potter, which you had seen maybe 50 times, but it's not like you didn't want to see it 51 times.

the movie soon came to an end, both you and pedri tired and full.

"so i'll see you in qatar then?"

"yup! and in case i don't see before your first match, good luck"

you had finally arrived in qatar, you were met with the most beautiful hotel. after a long flight all you wanted to do was take a nice long rest in your hotel bed, which is of course what you did. this was like a vacation, and you were going to take advantage of the entirety of the trip. spain's first match wasn't until tomorrow, so you had the whole day to do whatever.

qatar was definitely one of the most amazing places you had ever visited, the weather was amazing and the country just had such amazing natural beauty.

you didn't get back to your hotel room until around 12 in the morning, which wasn't crazy late, but considering kickoff was at 11 in the morning, getting back this late definitely wasn't ideal.

you woke up the next morning at around 8, still enough time to get ready and get to the stadium.

you were of course wearing pedri's name on your back to show your support. you go to the stadium with his family and yours around 10 AM. the atmosphere was incredible. you had been to a number of pedri's games, but never once did the energy in the stadium feel as amazing as it did right now.

a good number of people had already gotten there, and you watched as the fans from all over the world joined together in the different sections of the stadium to support their country.

you, your family, and pedri's family were all sitting pretty close to the pitch and spain's bench area. it was right next to the tunnel as well, so you would see all the player walk out before the game.

the game had only just started, and you already had a strong feeling of who would win, and you weren't just saying that because it was your own country. costa rica was going to get crushed, and at the 11th minute, dani olmo scored spains first goal.

the game ends with spain beating costa rica 7-0.

you knew spain would win, but 7-0 is stil an impressive score.

the crowd was cheering, no spanish fan leaving yet. the energy was to amazing. you were smiling wider than ever, and just taking in this victory. you catch the eyes of a certain brunette boy and give him a bright smile. he shly smirks, looking down at his feet before looking back up at you, giving a dorky thumbs up.

something about that small gesture made you blush.

you were waiting in a "private" area near the locker rooms where family and friends were allowed to be in, waiting for the players. you were waiting there anxiously for pedri to come out, and the second he did walk out you immediately smiled.

the first person pedri noticed was you. he couldn't hold back a smile, and walked over and gave you a hug. the hug was warm, comforting, and you were melting into it.

you were brought back to a cold reality as pedri loosened his embrace. he was looking straight into your eyes before you gave him another, quick, but warm hug.

"you did amazing, pedro"

pedri went to talk with family and absorb the praise, but what just happened between you and him didn't leave his mind.

pedro

a name you never really called him, not since you were little at least. it was a name you only called him in heartfelt moments.

your family and pedri's decided to go out for a late lunch to celebrate the victory. although pedri's mother practically begged him to rest, he insisted on going.

the restaurant was small and cozy, and you had gotten outdoor seating, which was even better. you took a seat near the middle of the table, and pedri sat right next to you. you gave him a shy, but warm smile, in which he returned.

"hi"

you ordered a caesar salad and pasta with meat sauce. it was a sort of comfort food, and it was possibly the best pasta and meat sauce you had ever eaten. pedri turned to look at you, and once you noticed him, his eyes light up a little.

"could i try a bite of your pasta, it looks really good" he asked shyly. it was normal for you and him to try each others food. the two of you had done this for years.

"yeah of course!"

small moments like this have seemed to last forever recently. any small exchange you two had seemed like an eternity.

"excuse me, i need to use the restroom"

you placed your napkin on the table, grabbed your phone, and got up. inside the restaurant was louder, especially since there was a bar. it was a nice, homey feeling, and you couldn't help but smile. places like these were some of your favorite. comforting restaurants with an amazing atmosphere is so much better than an elegant, fancy restaurant with a bland, cold, vibe to it, in your opinion.

as you walked out of the bathroom door you are met with a brunette boy standing in front of you. you look up to see a familiar boy looking into your eyes with a smirk planted on his face.

"pedri, you scared me" you laugh out.

"can we talk?"

the question caught you off guard. you just come out of the bathroom, pedri is standing there waiting for you, and he asks to talk. he wasn't usually like this, being all weird and slightly spontaneous.

"yeah, sure"

he puts his hand on the back of your back to guide you to outdoor seating in the back. it was more private and there wasn't anyone out here. there was a little garden and a patio. it was peaceful, but you could still hear the music from inside.

it was silent between the two of you as you walked around the back patio. you went over to look at the garden. it was small, but had to most beautiful flowers.

"y/n..."

the sound of pedri's voice causes you to look back at him. he seemed nervous, but you could tell he was trying his best to hide it.

"y/n, i have something to tell you. i've felt this way for a long time, and i just can't keep it a secret anyone. y/n, i love you"

his words caught you off guard. you had definitely felt a shift in your relationship with him, especially within the last few days, but hearing those words come out of his mouth still shocked you. you were almost at a loss for words.

"pedri, i-"

he cut you off.

"i know this might change our relationship, but i know i would regret not telling you. i can't loose you, y/n. i understand you may not feel the same way, but please, please don't close doors on me"

you ow had no words. you were truly, and utterly stumped. pedri had been choking up, and you could tell he was desperate, not for your love, although he did want that, but he was desperate not to loose you completely.

"oh pedri" is all you could get you. you go over to him and cup his face.

"i love you too"

his mind was racing. he was not expecting you to say that.

next thing he knew, your lips were on his. the kiss was passionate, full of admiration and warmth. on of your hands fell from his face to his chest, while his hands snaked around your waist.

pedri deepened the kiss, which earned a slight moan out of you, causing pedri to smirk. the two of you broke the kiss, trying to catch your breath.

you just looked at each other with smiles plastered on both of your faces. pedri leaned his forehead to rest against yours, pulling you closer into his embrace.

"shall we get back to lunch?" he asks. you chuckled and nodded. the two of you separated and walked back inside. you were trying so desperately to hide your big smile so no one would suspect anything. you wanted to keep your moment with pedri a secret, at least for now.

#pedri gonzalez #pedri #pedri fanfic #pedri gonzalez fanfic #barca #barcelona #barcelona fc #masonmountz

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blackswaneuroparedux · 2 years ago

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To feel envy is human, to savour schadenfreude is devilish.

- Arthur Schopenhauer

I was in the stadium with members of my family and friends watching the epic Japan vs Spain World Cup game. What an atmosphere at the end of the game when both Japanese and Spanish fans realised they were now through the group and that Germany were now knocked out of the World Cup despite their 4-2 win over Costa Rica.

Spain completely dominated the first half, but Japan overcame this to win 2-1 stunningly. Spain chose Alvaro Morata as their customary number nine, which instantly paid dividends as the Atlético Madrid player headed in the opening goal after receiving a precise cross. As Spain dominated possession and limited Japan to a few half-chances in the first half, Morata continued to provide a threat from inside the box.

After the break, Japan's high-intensity pressing punished Spain for sloppy passing by stealing the ball, which replacement Ritsu Doan skillfully finished. Almost shortly after, Japan put the ball in the back of the net once more, and a VAR review affirmed that Ao Tanaka's goal stood. Minutes before the end, Dani Olmo came within inches of winning, but Japan held on thanks to an outstanding second-half performance to win Group E. The ‘Samurai Blue’ more than deserved their draw and to go through. They were tenacious and full of self belief and energy. It was a great game.

At the end of the game Japanese fans were crying with joy and the Spaniards along with neutrals in the stands joined them. It was a cathartic moment for all football fans when it dawned on us that German were humiliated and on their way home.

In the hotel bars afterwards the drink flowed. I was with Japanese friends and Spanish friends and others as we celebrated. Never did a Suntory Yamazaki 12 Year Old single malt whisky taste so sweet. We watched around us Qataris on television having fun at the Germans�� expense.

On the eve of the World Cup the game’s governing body threatened to book players – such as the seven European captains, including Germany’s Manuel Neuer – who were planning on wearing the OneLove armbands, which promote diversity and inclusivity. Same-sex relationships and the promotion of same-sex relationships is criminalised in Qatar, a Muslim-majority country with Islam as the state religion.

In protest, the Germans had covered their mouths - a reference to being silenced by FIFA - for their pre-match photograph before the Japan game. “Human rights are non-negotiable,” the German federation said in a statement at the time. “That should be taken for granted, but it still isn’t the case. That’s why this message is so important for us. Denying us the armband is the same as denying us a voice. We stand by our position.” Their conduct greatly angered the Qataris - and indeed many Arabs and other Muslims here at the World Cup. They saw double standards and starch western hypocrisy at work, and even racism.

The Germans have a point - up to a point. But so do the Qataris - it is after all their sovereign country, not ours. Qataris and others would say if you don’t speak up for the Uygher Muslim being rounded up in concentration camps in China during the last Winter Olympics, or speak up for the endless litany of human righrs violation in Putin’s Russia during the last footbal World Cup, then what leg are you standing on to speak up for others elsewhere? Why are you so selective in your activism? Activism is easy when it doesn’t cost you anything.

Much of the Western media coverage of the World Cup is so misinformed and just plain hyperbolic BS.

In any case, German had decided to focus their energies on their holier than thou woke virtue signalling at the start of this tournament rather than focus on the football.

They paid the piper.

The Japanese have a saying: “The misfortunes of others taste like honey.” The French speak of joie maligne, a diabolical delight in other people’s suffering. The Danish talk of skadefryd, and the Dutch of leedvermaak. In Hebrew enjoying other people’s catastrophes is simcha la‑ed, in Mandarin xìng‑zāi‑lè‑huò, in Serbo-Croat it is zlùradōst and in Russian zloradstvo. More than 2,000 years ago, Romans spoke of malevolentia. Earlier still, the Greeks described epichairekakia (literally epi, over, chairo, rejoice, kakia, disgrace). “To see others suffer does one good,” wrote the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. “To make others suffer even more so. This is a hard saying, but a mighty, human, all-too-human principle.”

The Germans of course call it schadenfreude. I love the German word: schadenfreude. From Schaden, meaning damage or harm, and freude, meaning joy or pleasure: damage-joy.

The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer called it “an infallible sign of a thoroughly bad heart and profound moral worthlessness,” the very worst trait in human nature. (He also said that anyone caught enjoying the suffering of others should be shunned from human society.)

I have come to believe that Schopenhauer was wrong. We might worry that a taste for other people’s misery will corrupt our souls, yet this emotion is far from simply “bad.” It touches on things that have mattered most to human societies for millennia: our instincts for fairness and hatred of hypocrisy; our love of seeing our rival suffer in the hope that we might win ourselves; our itch to measure ourselves against others and make sense of our choices when we fall short; how we bond with each other; what makes us laugh. If we peer more closely at this hidden and much-maligned emotion, liberate ourselves from its shame and secrecy, we will discover a great deal about who we really are.

It’s telling no one I’ve observed talks about LGBT rights or even migrant labour exploitation in the bars or just amongst the football gathering of fans. They just came for the football. It’s a reminder that the self-important culture wars of the West are of little importance to the wider world. They really don’t care.

Football may not bring the world together around LGBT issues but it sure can unite the world around having a laugh at Germany’s ignominious exit from the Qatar World Cup. I would call that progress.

Photo: Qatari telelvision hosts say goodbye to Germany with typical Arabic hospitality.

#schopenhauer #arthur schopenhauer #quote #schadenfreude #germany #qatar #world cup 2022 #revenge #football #sports #culture #japan

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robinnotthehood · 2 years ago

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50 artistas fav (eu tentei organizar por ordem, mas chegou um momento que eu enlouqueci e desisti):

1. Yoñlu

2. Ariana Grande

3. CL

4. 2NE1

5. Rosalía

6. Björk

7. BIGBANG

8. Doja Cat

9. Dreamcatcher

10. Selena Quintanilla

11. Elis Regina

12. Belchior

13. TWICE

14. Chico Buarque

15. Djavan

16. Red Velvet

17. SISTAR

18. My Chemical Romance

19. Angra

20. SNSD

21. Pitty

22. Evanescence

23. Avril Lavigne

24. Mac Miller

25. Aaliyah

26. HyunA

27. Kali Uchis

28. H.E.R

29. SZA

30. Ciara

31. Tyler, The Creator

32. Poppy

33. Fka twigs

34. Nicki Minaj

35. Shakira

36. Karina, la princesita

37. Daddy Yankee

38. Black Sabbath

39. Sepultura

40. Anavitória

41. Ana Frango Elétrico

42. Bella e o Olmo da Bruxa

43. Alcione

44. Adoniran Barbosa

45. GFriend

46. Urias

47. Gal Costa

48. Britney Spears

49. Mariana Mazú

50. Slipmami

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sa7abnews · 15 days ago

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Barcelona superstar not worried about registration delay – ‘I have blind confidence in the club’

New Post has been published on Sa7ab News

Barcelona superstar not worried about registration delay – ‘I have blind confidence in the club’

In a recent interview with Tot Costa, Barcelona midfielder Dani Olmo shared his thoughts on his time at the club, his confidence in the management, and his approach to the upcoming winter transfer…

... read more !

#Barça News

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douxlen · 16 days ago

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Barcelona superstar not worried about registration delay – ‘I have blind confidence in the club’

New Post has been published on Douxle News

Barcelona superstar not worried about registration delay – ‘I have blind confidence in the club’

In a recent interview with Tot Costa, Barcelona midfielder Dani Olmo shared his thoughts on his time at the club, his confidence in the management, and his approach to the upcoming winter transfer…

... read more !

#Barça News

0 notes

ximo220550 · 3 months ago

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SPANISH BEAUTY

Fa uns dies vaig acabar de llegir:

SPANISH BEAUTY

ESTHER GARCIA LLOVET

Sinopsis de SPANISH BEAUTY

Un policiaco negrísimo ambientado en Benidorm y protagonizado por una turbia agente de policía en busca de su padre y de un mechero talismán.

Si en sus novelas de la Trilogía instantánea de Madrid (Cómo dejar de escribir, Sánchez y Gordo de feria) Esther García Llovet construyó una ciudad nocturna, marginal y casi surreal, en esta Spanish Beauty, la primera entrega de la Trilogía de los países del Este, nos ofrece un Benidorm plagado de mafiosos ingleses, rusos millonarios, billares cutres de sótano y rascacielos a medio construir: una ciudad en la que manda Michela, la policía corrupta que necesita a toda costa recuperar un mechero que perteneció a los legendarios Kray Twins del Londres de los sesenta.

Gente barata y nuevos ricos, quemaduras de sol y de cigarrillo, secuestros en lancha, fiestas de madrugada y operaciones ilegales en hoteles de segunda, y el mar siempre de fondo como futuro proyecto urbanístico en una historia sobre la redención y la búsqueda del amor en la ciudad más enloquecida mente internacional de todo el Mediterráneo: una novela negrísima, empapada de DYC y Beefeater.

«Me ENCANTA todo lo que hace Esther García Llovet. Es la narradora más original y guay y breve de España en estos momentos. Yo soy su fan #1» (Kiko Amat).

«La literatura es para Esther García Llovet una especie de campo de juegos donde cualquier cosa puede pasar... En ese campo de juegos se hibridan con naturalidad diferentes géneros, del noir a la comedia, del terror al drama, del wéstern urbano a la deriva fantástica alucinatoria» (Miguel Ángel Oeste,El Mundo).

«Una escritora singular, que mira las sombras y las exhibe ante nosotros para mostrarnos cómo la ciudad, igual que las muñecas rusas, esconde en su interior múltiples versiones de sí misma» (Marina Sanmartín,ABC).

«Su estilo es de cuchilla de afeitar» (Laura Fernández).

«Excelente narradora... Brillante» (Alberto Olmos).

«Nos gusta mucho García Llovet, y nos gusta su estilo, su poética... Autora de culto» (Sara Mesa).

«Una exquisita rara avis... Esta autora cuestiona cada código, cada imagen, cada palabra... Estupenda» (Marta Sanz).

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holyiker-blog1 · 5 months ago

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EA FC 24 Team of the Tournament (TOTT): release date, leaks, predictions

After six weeks of Euro and Copa America-themed content, the EA FC 24 Team of the Tournament (TOTT) promo will begin soon, featuring the best players from both competitions.

Since Season 7 began in EA FC 24 Ultimate Team, EA Sports has treated the Ultimate Team community to a handful of fantastic Euro 2024 and Copa America 2024-themed promos, with a Path to Glory: The Knockouts squad the latest to be released into packs. But with both tournaments drawing to a close, an EA FC 24 Team of the Tournament (TOTT) squad will be released next, wrapping up the international competition content as we enter Season 8 of Ultimate Team.

Here's everything we know about the upcoming EA FC 24 TOTT promo, including the release date, latest leaks, predictions, and what to expect.

EA FC 24 TOTT: release date

With the Path to Glory: The Knockouts squad leaving packs this week, we expect that the EA FC 24 TOTT squad release date will be Friday, July 12 at 6 pm BST / 1 pm EDT / 10 am PDT, replacing the Path to Glory squad in Ultimate Team. There has been no confirmation of the promo just yet by EA, but this is the same time every new promo goes live.

The EA FC 24 TOTT squad isn't expected to feature live player items like we've seen so often over the last few weeks, with the squad expected to remain in packs until Friday, July 19, when the Futties promo could take its place.

EA FC 24 TOTT: predictions

The EA FC 24 TOTT squad will feature the best-performing players from Euro 2024 and Copa America 2024, and based on the volume of players EA has included in each promo over the last few weeks, we expect a full TOTT squad to be released for either competition.

Here are our predictions for who could feature in the TOTT promo:

EA FC 24 Euro 2024 TOTT squad prediction

GK: Diogo Costa (Portugal and Porto) - 95 OVR

RB: Jules Kounde (France and Barcelona) - 96 OVR

RB: Dani Carvajal (Spain and Real Madrid) - 98 OVR

CB: Manuel Akanji (Switzerland and Manchester City) - 96 OVR

CB: Antonio Rudiger (Germany and Real Madrid) - 96 OVR

LB: Theo Hernandez (France and Milan) - 98 OVR

CM: Jude Bellingham (England and Real Madrid) - 98 OVR

CAM: Dani Olmo (Spain and RB Leipzig) - 98 OVR

CDM: N'Golo Kante (France and AI lttihad) - 98 OVR

CM: Fabian Ruiz (Spain and Paris Saint-Germain) - 95 OVR

LW: Cody Gakpo (Netherlands and Liverpool) - 97 OVR

ST: Georges Mikautadze (Georgia and Metz) - 95 OVR

LW: Nico Williams (Spain and Athletic Club) - 98 OVR

CAM: Jamal Musiala (Germany and Bayern Munich) - 96 OVR

CAM: Arda Guler (Turkyie and Real Madrid) - 98 OVR

RW: Ivan Schranz (Slovakia and Sparta Prague) - 93 OVR

CB: Pepe (Portugal and Porto) - 94 OVR

CB: Marc Guehi (England and Crystal Palace) - 94 OVR

CM: Toni Kroos (Germany and Real Madrid) - 98 OVR

LB: Marc Cucurella (Spain and Chelsea) - 94 OVR

EA FC 24 Copa America 2024 TOTT squad prediction

GK: Emiliano Martinez (Argentina and Aston Villa) - 96 OVR

RB: Daniel Munoz (Colombia and Crystal Palace) - 95 OVR

CB: Cristian Romero (Argentina and Tottenham) - 96 OVR

CB: Davinson Sanchez (Colombia and Galatasaray) - 94 OVR

LB: Mathias Olivera (Uruguay and Napoli) - 94 OVR

CDM: Jefferson Lerma (Colombia and Crystal Palace) - 95 OVR

CDM: Federico Valverde (Uruguay and Real Madrid) - 98 OVR

CAM: Lucas Paqueta (Brazil and West Ham United) - 95 OVR

RW: Raphinha (Brazil and Barcelona) - 97 OVR

ST: Lautaro Martinez (Argentina and Inter) - 98 OVR

ST: Darwin Nunez (Uruguay and Liverpool) - 98 OVR

CF: Lionel Messi (Argentina and Inter Miami ) - 99 OVR

ST: Jonathan David (Canada and Lille) - 97 OVR

LB: Antonee Robinson (USA and Fulham) - 94 OVR

CDM: Moises Caicedo (Ecuador and Chelsea) - 96 OVR

RB: Jon Aramburu (Venezuela and Real Sociedad) - 93 OVR

GK: Maxime Crepeau (Canada and Portland Timbers) - 93 OVR

The likes of Salomon Rondon and James Rodriguez should make the Copa America TOTT, but neither are in the game. The same goes for Lamine Yamal, who is not in the game either.

Best way to get FC 24 coins

If you want to get Team of the Tournament players like Messi, Bellingham, and Olmo, you will definitely need a lot of FC24 coins to buy packs. Fear not, as the LootBar trading platform is your go-to destination to buy fc 24 coins and ensure your team is top-notch. With an easy and reliable source to buy fifa coins, you'll be able to acquire those sought-after players and complete SBC tasks without a hitch. Don't let a lack of coins hinder your path to victory – visit LootBar and get back in the game with a full wallet of FC 24 coins.

LootBar stands out as a premier destination for all your gaming currency needs, offering a secure and efficient way to buy EA FC 24 coins. The platform boasts a fast delivery system, ensuring that your FC 24 coins buy experience is smooth and immediate, allowing you to dive right back into the action. With competitive prices and a user-friendly interface, LootBar makes the purchasing process a breeze for gamers around the world. Whether you're on Xbox or PC, buying FIFA coins has never been easier. So why wait? Head over to LootBar and give your FC 24 squad the edge it deserves!

Other related FC 24 blogs

FC 24 Greats of The Game: Xabi Alonso Player Review

Make Your Mark Promo: Kolo Muani, A Must-Try Card

Make Your Mark Promo: Xavi Simons SBC

Make Your Mark Promo in Ultimate Team

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armatofu · 6 months ago

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EL MIOCENO Y LOS PRIMEROS HOMINIDOS

Esto es Historia

El Mioceno fue una época geológica que se extendió desde hace 23 millones de años hasta hace 5 millones de años, aproximadamente. Es la primera época del período Neógeno dentro de la era Cenozoica. Se caracteriza por un clima cálido y húmedo, con una gran diversidad de flora y fauna, incluyendo los primeros primates modernos.

Algunos de los eventos más importantes del Mioceno incluyen:

• Elevación de cordilleras: Los Alpes, los Pirineos y el Himalaya comenzaron a elevarse durante el Mioceno.

• Cierre del mar Mediterráneo: El mar Mediterráneo se secó por completo durante parte del Mioceno, lo que provocó cambios importantes en la flora y fauna de la región.

• Diversificación de mamíferos: Los mamíferos modernos, como los caballos, los mastodontes y los primates, se diversificaron enormemente durante el Mioceno.

• Aparición de los primeros homínidos: Los primeros homínidos, como Oreopithecus, aparecieron en África a finales del Mioceno.

El Mioceno se divide en dos subépocas:

• Mioceno temprano: (23-16 millones de años atrás)

• Mioceno tardío: (16-5 millones de años atrás)

El Mioceno fue una época de grandes cambios en la Tierra, y tuvo un impacto significativo en la evolución de la vida.

LAURISILVA EUROPEA EN EL MIOCENO

La laurisilva es un tipo de bosque subtropical húmedo que se encuentra principalmente en las Islas Canarias, Madeira, Azores y en algunas regiones de la costa atlántica de África. Estos bosques son conocidos por su exuberante vegetación, dominada por árboles lauráceos, helechos, musgos y líquenes.

Es un ecosistema único y diverso que alberga una amplia variedad de especies vegetales y animales, muchas de las cuales son endémicas de estas regiones. Además de su valor ecológico y biológico, la laurisilva también es importante culturalmente y a menudo es objeto de protección y conservación debido a su fragilidad y biodiversidad.

Evidencias fósiles han demostrado que las laurisilvas europeas del Mioceno estaban compuestas por una gran variedad de árboles y arbustos, incluyendo laurel, laurel de cera, olmo, roble, nogal, tilo y muchas otras especies que hoy en día podemos encontrar en las laurisilvas de las Islas Canarias y Madeira.

La fauna de las laurisilvas europeas del Mioceno también era muy diversa e incluía primates antropomorfos, como Dryopithecus, Ouranopithecus y Ankarapithecus, que son considerados ancestros de los homínidos.

Sin embargo, a finales del Mioceno, hace entre 9 y 10 millones de años, una crisis climática provocó un cambio drástico en las condiciones ambientales de Europa. El clima se volvió más seco y estacional, con inviernos más fríos y veranos más cálidos.

Este cambio climático provocó la extinción de la mayoría de las laurisilvas europeas y de la fauna que dependía de ellas. En su lugar, se extendieron bosques templados y praderas herbáceas.

CAMBIO CLIMATICO

A finales del Mioceno, hace entre 9 y 10 millones de años, se produjo un cambio significativo que afectó a los habitantes de las laurisilvas europeas. Este cambio resultó en una reducción drástica de la diversa fauna de primates antropomorfos, como los Dryopithecus, Ouranopithecus y Ankarapithecus, que se extinguieron. En Europa Oriental, fueron reemplazados por monos colobinos, mientras que, en Asia Central y Oriental, algunos como el Oreopithecus, Sivapithecus y Lufengpithecus lograron persistir.

La crisis no solo afectó a los antropomorfos, sino también a otros habitantes de las laurisilvas, incluyendo cerdos salvajes, rinocerontes, tapires y ciervos. La diversidad de roedores se redujo considerablemente, siendo reemplazados por los múridos, como ratas y ratones. Los carnívoros dominantes, como los “perros-oso” y los barbourofélidos “dientes de sable”, también se extinguieron, dejando su nicho a los verdaderos félidos “dientes de sable”.

La causa de este declive parece estar relacionada con la reducción de las zonas boscosas y el avance de las zonas áridas en Europa Occidental y Central. Sin embargo, la situación fue más compleja, ya que no se observó una adaptación de los antropomorfos a un medio más abierto, como ocurrió en África con la evolución hacia la locomoción bípeda.

Un hallazgo en la cuenca del Vallès-Penedès reveló una flora fósil que indicaba un cambio hacia un clima con mayor estacionalidad, con inviernos más secos y fríos. Esto llevó a la extinción de especies frugívoras y, consecuentemente, de los herbívoros y depredadores que dependían de ellas.

Los cambios climáticos y geológicos globales, incluyendo la elevación del Himalaya y la Meseta Tibetana, contribuyeron a la extensión de las zonas áridas y al aumento de la estacionalidad. Al sur del Himalaya, el fenómeno del monzón permitió la persistencia de condiciones subtropicales, lo que favoreció la supervivencia de ciertas especies de laurisilvas asiáticas.

Finalmente, una nueva crisis climática global llevó a la expansión de praderas dominadas por gramíneas, afectando a la fauna y dando lugar a grandes rebaños de herbívoros pastadores. En Europa, esto resultó en un cambio sustancial en los ecosistemas terrestres, con una fauna caracterizada por hipariones y una gran diversidad de bóvidos y jiráfidos adaptados a las nuevas condiciones ambientales.

LOS PRIMEROS HOMÍNIDOS

La evolución y migración de los primeros homínidos durante el Mioceno se caracterizó por una diversificación significativa y la expansión geográfica más allá de África. Los homínidos del Mioceno medio y tardío, ancestros tanto de nuestra especie Homo como de los grandes simios, estaban presentes no solo en África sino también en partes de Eurasia.

El primer Hominini, que incluye a los seres humanos modernos y a sus parientes más cercanos, apareció aproximadamente entre 6 y 7 millones de años atrás, durante el Mioceno tardío y el Plioceno temprano, en el continente africano. La evidencia genética sugiere que los chimpancés y seres humanos divergimos de un ancestro común hace aproximadamente unos 6 millones de años.

En cuanto a la migración, se cree que el Homo erectus, uno de los primeros homínidos en migrar, salió de África hacia Asia y Europa hace unos 1.5 millones de años, en una primera ola de migración. Dentro de África, habría emergido el Homo sapiens a partir de las poblaciones de H. erectus que se quedaron en el continente.

Es importante destacar que el registro fósil es muy fragmentado y que la historia de la migración humana es compleja y sujeta a revisiones a medida que se descubren nuevos fósiles y se realizan estudios genéticos más precisos.

Como se mencionó anteriormente, en Eurasia también existieron homínidos, pero en su gran mayoría, el cambio climático los llevó a la extinción.

Los únicos homínidos que sobrevivieron a esta crisis climática fueron los que se encontraban en refugios insulares, como Oreopithecus en Cerdeña y los Sivapithecus en algunas regiones de Asia.

- Oreopithecus bambolii: Este homínido insular evolucionó de forma independiente a los homínidos africanos y asiáticos, y se extinguió hace unos 8 millones de años.

Sus fósiles han sido hallados en Italia, especialmente en Toscana y Cerdeña, y en el este de África. De momento se han encontrado los restos de como mínimo 50 individuos en las minas de Montebamboli– sitio de donde recibe la denominación taxonómica

- Sivapithecus: Estos homínidos asiáticos sobrevivieron en refugios forestales hasta hace unos 7 millones de años, cuando también se extinguieron. Sus fósiles, datados entre 12,5 a 8,5 millones de años de antigüedad (Serravalliense a Tortoniense, Mioceno), han sido hallados desde el siglo xix en Siwalik Hills, en lo que actualmente es India y Pakistán. Cualquiera de las especies de este género podrían ser ancestros del orangután moderno.

GÉNESIS EN ÁFRICA

La crisis de aridez que afectó a África hace 7-8 millones de años provocó cambios significativos en la fauna del continente. Antes de esta crisis, la fauna africana compartía muchas similitudes con la de Europa y la provincia greco-iraní, incluyendo especies como Deinotherium, Tetralophodon, y Brachypotherium. Sin embargo, la evidencia fósil de antropomorfos africanos de esta época es escasa, destacando la gran radiación evolutiva de antropoides cuadrúpedos como Turkanapithecus y Proconsul a principios del Mioceno, y Kenyapithecus a mediados del Mioceno.

Los primeros antropomorfos conocidos en África son Nakalipithecus y Chororapithecus, este último sugiere un linaje que se remonta a 10 millones de años, anterior a lo indicado por la biología molecular. La aparición de praderas herbáceas hace 8 millones de años llevó a la expansión de las sabanas y al reemplazo de gran parte de la fauna de grandes mamíferos por especies que aún habitan las sabanas africanas, como elefantes, rinocerontes, hipopótamos y una diversidad de antílopes.

Este cambio ambiental también afectó a las comunidades de primates, con la diversificación de los cercopitecos y la aparición de los primeros homínidos bípedos. La biología molecular y el registro fósil sugieren que nuestro linaje se separó de los chimpancés hace 7-8 millones de años, coincidiendo con estos cambios ambientales. A pesar de la escasez de fósiles de finales del Mioceno, Sahelanthropus, uno de los homínidos más antiguos conocidos, proporciona evidencia de esta divergencia evolutiva.

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FUENTES:

- Agustí, J., & Antón, M. (2013). La gran migración : la evolución humana más allá de África. Grupo Planeta (GBS).

- Carbonate Systems during the Oligocene-Miocene Climatic Transition Wiley-Blackwell. (2010). Wiley-Blackwell.

- Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Martinón-Torres, M., Carbonell, E., Lozano Ruiz, M., Gómez-Robles, A., & Sarmiento, S. (2006). Origen y filogenia de los primeros homínidos de Europa.

- Lorenzo, C. (2005). Primeros homínidos. Géneros y especies. Homínidos: Las primeras ocupaciones de los continentes. Barcelona: Ariel, 103-125.

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blog-sguera · 1 year ago

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30.359 CNCiv., sala B, noviembre 15- 976. Tourne, Alberto. 5ta Parte.

RECURSO EXTRAORDINARIO: Cuestiones excluidas. Aplicación intertemporal de las leyes. Locaciones urbanas.

Además, el daño moral cuya actualización también ha de hacerse al pre- sente según lo requerido, debe ahora establecerse en $ 468.000 (la variación del INDEC desde la fecha de la sentencia de primera instancia, en cuanto al nivel general de precios, ha experimentado una oscilación de 2782,9 a 4347, lo que significa un alza de alrededor del 56 %). En total, la cantidad llega a $2.768.000, de los cuales le corresponderá abonar a la parte condenada-según la distribución de la culpa que se ha efectuado la suma de $2.352.800.

Por lo que queda señalado, considero que la sentencia apelada debe ser modificada y aceptando que en el caso ha mediado culpa concurrente entre la víctima y la codemandada Kopran, S. A. (en un 15 % para el primero y en un 85% para la segunda), declararse que se hace lugar parcialmente a la demanda interpuesta y se condena a esta última a pagar a los actores la suma de $ 2.352.800, realizándose, en consecuencia, la demanda contra Cervecería y Maltería Quilmes, S. A. I. C. A. y G. Las costas del juicio en ambas instancias a cargo de la parte demandada condenada (art. 68, cód. procesal). Tratándose la condena de una cantidad reajustada por depreciación monetaria, los intereses correrán a una tasa del 6% hasta el presente como reiteradamente lo decidimos y más allá de este pronunciamiento a la tasa ordinaria que cobra el Banco de la Nación Argentina. Así lo voto.

Los doctores Quiroga Olmos y Coghlan, por razones análogas a las aducidas por el doctor Gnecco, votaron en el mismo sentido.

–Por lo que resulta de la votación que instruye el acuerdo que antecede, se modifica la sentencia de primera instancia, y haciendo lugar parcialmente a la demanda se condena a la codemandada Kopran, S. A. C. I. F. a pagar a los actores la suma de $2.352.800; rechazándosela en relación a la restante coaccionada Cervecería y Maltería Quilmes, S. A. I. C. A. y G. Los intereses a calcularse lo serán a una tasa del 6% hasta la fecha de este pronunciamiento y más allá de él a la tasa ordinaria que cobra el Banco de la Nación Argentina. Con costas a cargo de la parte condenada en ambas instancias (art. 68, cód. procesal). Eduardo A. Coghlan. Emilio P. Gnecco. - Noé Quiroga Olmos (Sec.: Eduardo J. Cárdenas).

DILIGENCIAS PREPARATORIAS: Prueba anticipada.

Aun cuando se admitiera que la enumeración del art. 326 del cód. procesal no es taxativa, pudiendo preverse otras, esa "instrucción preventiva" es un medio excepcional, pues si se admitiera sin restricciones, se podría, por ese procedimiento, afectar las debidas garantías del proceso legal. Es decir, solo si se comprueba que la parte que la propone está expuesta a perder la prueba, o ésta pudiere resultar imposible o muy dificultosa en el período de prueba, se admitirá la producción anticipada.

#sguera #justicia #causa #derecho #sentencia

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soikeoclubnet · 3 years ago

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Soi kèo nhận định Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha, 01h45 ngày 3/6/

Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha sẽ là trận cầu tâm điểm trong vòng 1 của mùa giải năm nay. Từng thống trị bóng đá Châu Âu nhưng ở thời điểm hi��n tại Tây Ban Nha được đánh giá là vượt trội hơn hẳn so với đối thủ.

Soi kèo Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha

Soi kèo nhận định Séc vs Thụy Sỹ, 01h45 ngày 3/6/2022

Soi kèo nhận định Athletico PR vs Santos, 05h00 ngày 05/06/2022

Soi kèo nhận định Avai vs Sao Paulo, 05h00 ngày 05/06/2022

Khá thú vị khi Tây Ban Nha và Bồ Đào Nha nằm chung nhóm 2 của League A tại UEFA Nations League năm nay. Ngay trận mở màn của vòng 1 ngày 3/6 tới, Tây Ban Nha sẽ đón tiếp “người hàng xóm” lâu năm của mình ngay trên sân Estadio Benito Villamarín.

Không phải vì là chủ nhà trong trận đấu tới mà Tây Ban Nha được đánh giá cao hơn đối thủ mà rõ ràng phong độ hiện tại của Tây Ban Nha mới là yếu tố quyết định điều đó.

Tây Ban Nha đã kết thúc chiến dịch vòng loại World Cup 2022 với chiếc vé trực tiếp đến với Qatar vào cuối năm nay. 6 trận thắng, 1 trận hòa và 1 trận thua, vừa đủ để La Roja chiếm giữ ngôi vị đầu bảng.

Soi kèo Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha

Đây là khoảng thời gian mà đoàn quân của Luis Enrique khẳng định lại sức mạnh sau khoảng thời gian kiến thiết lại đội hình. 5 trận gần nhất, Tây Ban Nha chỉ để thua Pháp ngay trong trận chung kết UEFA Nations League ở mùa giải trước. Bốn trận còn lại toàn thắng với 9 bàn thắng được ghi là con số đủ để nói lên sức mạnh của đội bóng ở giai đoạn hiện tại.

Trái ngược với Tây Ban Nha, Bồ Đào Nha sau chiếc cúp vô địch Euro 2016, Selecao lại đang bước vào giai đoạn “thoái trào”. Những trụ cột của Bồ Đào Nha đang đi đến sườn dốc bên kia của sự nghiệp, trong khi đó lớp kế cận chưa có được những cái tên thực sự nổi bật.

Tại vòng loại World Cup 2022, Bồ Đào Nha chỉ có được tấm vé vớt khi để thua Serbia tại vòng bảng. Trong 5 trận gần nhất, CR7 và đồng đội có cho mình 3 trận thắng, 1 trận hòa và 1 trận thua. So với một đội bóng lớn thì đây lại là một thành tích khá đáng thất vọng.

Nhận định kèo Châu Á: Tây Ban Nha (-0.25) FT

Tỷ lệ kèo Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha

Không khó để lý giải việc nhà cái nhận định Tây Ban Nha mạnh hơn trong giai đoạn hiện tại với số trái chấp Tây Ban Nha (-0.25) FT.

Mặc dù Bồ Đào Nha có sự phục vụ của siêu sao hàng đầu thế giới Cristiano Ronaldo nhưng Tây Ban Nha đang là thời kỳ đỉnh cao của “thế hệ trẻ”.

Trong 5 lần đối đầu gần nhất, thành tích hai đội khá cân bằng với 3 trận hòa và 1 chiến thắng chia đều cho hai đội. Tuy nhiên, ở thời điểm hiện tại khả năng một trận đấu với 3 điểm trọn vẹn cho Tây Ban Nha là cao hơn rất nhiều.

Chốt kèo Châu Á: Chọn Tây Ban Nha (-0.25) FT.

Soi kèo Tài Xỉu Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha: Chọn Tài – 2.25 FT

Tây Ban Nha đang có hiệu suất ghi bàn khá tốt, 3 trận gần nhất họ có cho mình 8 bàn thắng. Trong khi đó, con số này ở Bồ Đào Nha là 6 bàn cho ba trận.Hàng công của cả hai đang làm việc rất hiệu quả, chọn Tài cho kèo đấu này là hợp lý nhất.

Chốt kèo tài xỉu: Chọn Tài 2.25 FT.

Dự đoán tỷ số trận đấu: Tây Ban Nha 3-2 Bồ Đào Nha

Phong độ Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha

Nhận định Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha

⅔ trận đấu gần nhất Tây Ban Nha không bàn thắng trong hiệp 1.

⅔ trận đấu gần nhất Bồ Đào Nha có bàn thắng ngay trong hiệp 1.

Hai đội nhận trung bình 1-2 thẻ vàng/trận.

Hai đội được hưởng 6-7 trái góc/trận.

Đội hình dự kiến Tây Ban Nha vs Bồ Đào Nha

Tây Ban Nha: Simon; Azpilicueta, E Garcia, Laporte, Alba; Soler, Rodri, Pedri; Sarabia, F Torres, Olmo

Bồ Đào Nha: Costa; Cancelo, Pereira, Fonte, Guerreiro; Silva, Moutinho, Fernandes; Otavio, Ronaldo, Jota

Nguồn: https://soikeoclub.net/soi-keo-nhan-dinh-tay-ban-nha-vs-bo-dao-nha-01h45-ngay-3-6-2022/

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conandaily2022 · 1 year ago

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Miss Universe Spain 2023 results: Alicia Faubel crowns successor in Costa Adeje, Tenerife

beauty pageant: Miss Universe Spain edition: 11th date: July 1, 2023 venue: Los Olivos Beach Resort, Costa Adeje, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain international membership: Miss Universe national directors: Cres del Olmo, Daniel Montesdeoca broadcasters: hosts: Sarah Loinaz, Victor Santiago performers: judges: candidates: 17 FINALISTS PLACEMENTNAME (HOMETOWN)Top 17Top…

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#Alicia Faubel #Costa Adeje #Miss Universe Spain #Spanish beauty queens #Tenerife

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realmadridnews · 2 years ago

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Transfer rumours

Transfer in:

Goalkeepers: Robert Sanchez (Brighton & Hove Albion), David Soria (Getafe CF), Paulo Gazzaniga (Girona CF), Bono (FC Sevilla), Emiliano Martinez (Aston Villa), Stole Dimitrievski (Rayo Vallecano), Gabriel Slonina (Chelsea London), Dominik Livakovic (Dinamo Zagreb), Fernando Pacheco (RCD Espanyol), David De Gea (Manchester United/free agent), Kepa Arrizabalaga (Chelsea London), Giorgi Mamardashvili (Valencia CF), Keylor Navas (PSG), Diogo Costa (FC Porto), Hugo Lloris (Tottenham Hotspur), Unai Simon (Athletic Bilbao), Illian Meslier (Leeds United)

Defenders: Fran Garcia (Rayo Vallecano), Alphonso Davies (Bayern Munchen), Pedro Porro (Tottenham Hotspur), Jeremie Frimpong (Bayer Leverkusen), Juan Foyth (Villarreal CF), Josko Gvardiol (RB Leipzig), Kaoru Mitoma (Brighton & Hove Albion), Ben Chilwell (Chelsea London), Antonio Silva (Benfica Lisbon), Exequiel Zeballos (Boca Juniors), Christian Pulisic (Chelsea London), Andrew Robertson (FC Liverpool), Benjamin Pavard (Bayern Munchen), Achraf Hakimi (PSG), Rafa Marin (Real Madrid Castilla, promotion), Gabriel Magalhaes (Arsenal London), Ivan Fresneda (Real Valladolid), Sergio Ramos (PSG/free agent), Malick Thiaw (AC Milan)

Midfielders: Jude Bellingham (Borussia Dortmund), Sergio Arribas (Real Madrid Castilla, promotion), Dani Olmo (RB Leipzig), Joshua Kimmich (Bayern Munchen), Gabri Veiga (Celta Vigo), Bernardo Silva (Manchester City), Marcelo Brozovic (Inter Milan), Fabinho (FC Liverpool), Khvicha Kvaratskhelia (SSC Napoli), Marco Veratti (PSG), Nico Paz (Real Madrid Juvenil A, promotion), Arda Guler (Fenerbahce SK)

Forwards: Erling Haaland (Manchester City), Kylian Mbappe (PSG), Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur), Alvaro Rodriguez (Real Madrid Castilla, promotion), Roberto Firmino (FC Liverpool, free agent), Victor Osimhen (SSC Napoli), Goncalo Ramos (Benfica Lisbon), Mario Dominguez (Valencia CF), Rasmus Hojlund (Atalanta Bergamo), Dusan Vlahovic (Juventus Turin), Joselu (RCD Espanyol), Moussa Diaby (Bayer Leverkusen), Alvaro Morata (Atletico Madrid), Iago Aspas (Celta Vigo), Lautaro Martinez (Inter Milan), Juanmi Latasa (staying), Marcus Thuram (Borussia Monchengladbach), Julian Alvarez (Manchester City), Kai Havertz (Chelsea London), Randal Kolo Muani (Eintracht Frankfurt), Karim Adeyemi (Borussia Dortmund), Nicolas Jackson (Villarreal CF), Richarlison (Tottenham Hotspur), Brahim Diaz (staying), Samuel Chukwueze (Villarreal CF), Rodrigo Moreno (Leeds United), Christopher Nkunku (RB Leipzig), Sadio Mane (Bayern Munchen), Joao Felix (Atletico Madrid), Rafael Leao (AC Milan), Jonathan David (OSC Lille)

Transfers out:

Andriy Lunin (loan/definite transfer):

Jesus Vallejo (loan): Granada CF

Nacho Fernandez (end of contract): Inter Milan, Villarreal CF

Ferland Mendy: Arsenal London, Tottenham Hotspur, Saudi Arabian clubs

Alvaro Odriozola: Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad, Juventus Turin

Daniel Ceballos (end of contract): Atletico Madrid, Bayern Munchen, Inter Milan, Saudi Arabian clubs

Toni Kroos (end of contract): retirement

Luka Modric (end of contract): Al Ahly SC

Federico Valverde: Chelsea London, FC Liverpool, Arsenal London

Aurelien Tchouameni: Arsenal London, Bayern Munchen, FC Liverpool, Manchester United

Antonio Blanco (loan/buy back option/transfer): Deportivo Alaves

Marco Asensio (end of contract): Aston Villa, Bayern Munchen, PSG, FC Barcelona, Juventus Turin, AC Milan, Arsenal London

Reinier Jesus (loan): CR Flamengo, SC Corinthians, Atalanta BC, SS Lazio, Girona FC

Arda Guler (loan): Bayer Leverkusen

Brahim Diaz: AC Milan, Borussia Dortmund

Lucas Vazquez: Juventus Turin

Eden Hazard (transfer/contract termination): CF Montreal, Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Al-Hilal SFC, Tottenham Hotspur, retirement, Inter Miami, RWD Molenbeek

Vinicius Junior: Chelsea London, Manchester United, PSG

Karim Benzema (transfer/agreement): Al-Ittihad Club, Al-Hilal SFC

Mariano Diaz (end of contract): Getafe CF, Al-Shabab FC, Al-Fateh SC, OGC Nice

Luis Lopez: CD Mirandes

Juanmi Latasa (loan/definite transfer): Getafe CF

Sergio Arribas (loan/buy back option): Getafe CF, Girona FC, RB Leipzig, Eintracht Frankfurt, Bayer Leverkusen, FC Sevilla, RCD Mallorca, UD Almeria

Peter Gonzalez (loan/buy back option): Getafe CF

Carlos Dotor (loan/buy back option): CD Tenerife, Celta Vigo

Marvel (loan/buy back option): Real Valladolid

Marvin Park (loan/buy back option): Rayo Vallecano

Alvaro Carrillo (loan/buy back option):

Nico Paz (loan):

Rafa Marin (loan/buy back option): Real Betis, Villarreal CF, Celta Vigo, Chelsea London, Deportivo Alaves

Mario Martin (loan/buy back option): Rayo Vallecano, FC Andorra

Luis Lopez: CD Mirandes

Theo Zidane (loan/buy back option):

Pablo Ramon (loan/buy back option): CD Mirandes

Mario de Luis (loan/buy back option):

Oscar Aranda (loan/buy back option/definite transfer): F.C. Famalicao

Jaume Jardi: Gimnastic Tarragona

Javi Villar (loan): Unionistas Salamanca CF

Alvaro Martin (end of contract): FC Andorra

Alvaro Rodriguez (loan): RCD Espanyol

Sergio Santos: Real Murcia

Julen Jon (loan): AS Roma U19

Javi Villar (loan): Unionistas Salamanca CF

Israel Salazar: Real Valladolid Promesas

Javi Rueda: Celta Fortuna

Bruno Iglesias (loan): Celta Fortuna

Jeremy Jorge (loan): Atletico Sanluqueno

Mario Camero (loan): Sestao River

#Real Madrid #transfer #transfers #transfer rumours

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cchiroque · 2 years ago

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EL LAGO DE SECHURA, segundo más grande del Perú

Al norte de Chiclayo y sur de Piura, en aquel desierto existía un lago cuyo fondo se observa paralelo al litoral entre Mórrope y Sechura. Además, como una prolongación, en las orillas del macizo IIlescas conocidas como Chorrillos y Pampas de San Antonio, los manglares hospedaban a sus transeúntes ofreciéndoles la “concha negra” (Anadara tuberculosa); de ello hace 7500 años señala el fechado de Carbono 14.

No existe más información al respecto, salvo algunos datos sueltos de viejos ermitaños que vivían en esa región desértica, como don Pedro Namuche y Pablo Yenque dedicados a la crianza de cabras. Eran tiempos (1976) en los que aún se veía bajar cóndores hacia las playas de Avic y Nunura y había que caminar precavidos de los burros salvajes y cabras alzadas que poblaban el lugar, aprovechando los puquios en las alturas y quebradas del macizo.

Nos contaron que cuando eran niños, por los años treinta, había una laguna en la que pescaban, fueron años de lluvias, no recordaban mucho porque sus padres los llevaron a Sechura. Años después regresarían con sus cabras, para aprovechar los bosques que iban desapareciendo.

El año 2000 de paso a Piura observábamos al oeste, desde el segundo piso de los buses, una tenue imagen de agua que se confundía con espejismo. No había más alternativa que caminar para despejar las dudas, ya que por encontrarse en una depresión desde la carretera no se veía.

La estudiamos durante doce años monitoreándola mensualmente. Nos maravillamos desde el primer día cuando llegamos a ella y vimos millares de flamencos o parihuanas (Phoenicoparrus chilensis) con una variedad de aves sorprendente. Era el Edén en pleno desierto. Lo bautizamos como “la Laguna de los Flamencos”. Más tarde descubriríamos que es un lago que tiene un ritmo: De marzo - abril se extiende por 200 km2 con 200 millones de m3 de agua dulce, que el mes de octubre su área se reduce a 60 km2; y que los flamencos emigran en junio para regresar en verano.

¿Tiene un ciclo, un ritmo de vida y muerte? No sabemos, no existen registros, no se conocía. Antes de 1988 la carretera Chiclayo Piura iba por Ñaupe y Chulucanas. El desierto era libre y despoblado, apenas cruzado por la orilla del mar por una vieja góndola (ómnibus) que partía a las siete de la mañana de Piura a Sechura y por los camiones que construían el oleoducto.

¿Cómo se formó el lago?

Al centro del área existe una depresión, la más profunda de la costa que aparecía en el mapa oficial del Perú como “Depresión Bayovar” con 37 metros de profundidad y 187 km2 de área; depresión en la que el manto freático, enriquecido con las lluvias de marzo del año 1983 y 1998, cuando los “ríos secos” de Olmos, Motupe, Cascajal y la Leche y sus quebradas colectoras inundaron la región desde Mórrope hasta Bayovar, afloró el agua llenando la depresión; generando además un bosque de algarrobos de 800 km2 donde hemos contabilizado hasta 3200 plantones por hectárea, además de gramíneas y leguminosas forrajeras aptas para la ganadería.

El estudio concluyó en su primera etapa y así lo publicamos e informamos al Instituto Geográfico Nacional, el que lo ha bautizado equívocamente como “Lago La Niña” nombre con el que hoy aparece en el mapa oficial del país.

No es un fenómeno. Pertenece a un SISTEMA HIDROGRÁFIO DE LA COSTA que se mantiene con las lluvias periódicas e intensas, las filtraciones de los acuíferos y las cuencas que se forman en los bosques de Huacrape – Palacio en las faldas occidentales de los contrafuertes de Piura y Lambayeque y con las pequeñas descargas del río Piura que suele llegar cuando el cauce aumenta en los meses de verano.

Flora y fauna.

Es sorprendente la fauna local de aves migrantes que vienen desde el Canadá hacia el sur de Chile como el Playerito; además gavilanes, garzas, pardelas, gaviotas, piqueros, cleos, cigüeñas, halcones, caracaras, águilas, turtupilín, pelícanos, sarapitos, cormoranes, patos, zorros, venados, cabras, gatos de monte, y hasta cerdos (es una lista muy extensa de nombrar); además de mojarras, lizas, carpas, monenques, robalos, lifes, almejas, camarones, langostinos, etc. Fauna favorecida por tener agua dulce y cristalina con buena oxigenación, sobre un fondo de arena firme y endurecida.

Olvidaba decir que el lago, como tal, era desconocido oficialmente, no existía en los registros del Gobierno Regional de Piura (2005), no estaba en los planes de gobierno ni en la monografía publicada por el Municipio Provincial de Sechura con una ONG alemana, talvez lo consideraron un fenómeno transitorio.

Ahora Piura y Lambayeque continúan de espaldas a este paraíso, que puede ser de gran valor turístico y económico por sus características, dando propuestas improvisadas como “construir puentes” para cruzar el lago evitando la destrucción de la carretera a Bayovar y Panamericana, abrir cauces para el caudal del río Piura evitando la inundación de la ciudad o hasta construir diques para secar el lago como lo hizo la empresa que explota los fosfatos (American Potash) hace 14 años.

¿Puede desarrollarse un manejo sostenible del bosque en beneficio de las comunidades? Es posible, la naturaleza en su eterno equilibrio del todo, nos ha devuelto un paisaje rico y misterioso, cíclico. En vez de llorar todos los años, corresponde a la burocracia el siguiente paso ¿será capaz?

Fotografía:

1. Ubicación del lago

2. Lámina formación del lago, mantos freáticos,

3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Lago y aves

11. Publicaciones

FUENTES:

Jaime Deza Rivasplata

• (2020) Migraciones ambientales post pleistocénicas en los desiertos de la costa peruana.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/cyd.v23i1.1891

• (2012) El Santuario Natural de Sechura (youtube) Internet (documental 12 m)

• (2012). Eventos El Niño: alternativas para su aprovechamiento DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2012.v15i1.01

• (2012) Jaime Deza, Juan Tume Ruiz y otros SECHURA, MAR Y DESIERTO ISBN 978-612-4097-29-4

• (2010) Jaime Deza, Juan Tume Ruiz, Juan Alarcón Delgado. Cambios ambientales en el desierto de Sechura y alternativas para su aprovechamiento DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2010.v12.02

• (2005) Gobierno Regional de Piura. Plan estratégico de la Bahía de Sechura

(1998) Novoa Goicochea, Zaniel. Las lagunas de las Salinas. PUC, Lima.

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freelance-informatique · 2 years ago

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Coupe du monde 8e de finale : Aperçu des matchs du jour !

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