#obrajes

[grabadoandino]

Toma nota 📝:

esta semana te esperamos en Obrajes con una nueva feria! 🤩

Frente la subalcaldia, entre calle 11 y 12

📆 07-11 octubre

⏰ 09:00-19:00

⏩ https://www.grabadoandino.com

☝️ es nuestra tienda virtual ☝️, no te olvides 😉

[noticlick]

Feria de miel de alta calidad en Obrajes

La comunidad de Obrajes, en el departamento tarijeño de Bolivia, invita a visitantes y residentes a su feria de miel el 12 de noviembre. Más de 25 productores ofrecerán miel y derivados de alta calidad a precios entre 40 y 45 bolivianos por kilo. Durante la feria, los asistentes también aprenderán sobre el proceso de cosecha local de esta delicia natural. Armin Zenteno, presidente del comité…

[obrajexyz]

[arkipelagic]

Asian slaves, indigenous Americans, and identity in colonial era Mexico

The Spanish Philippines had a diverse slave population for local labor and export, including Filipino Indians [i.e. natives; indios], Muslim war captives (moros), and foreign slaves from as far away as Portuguese India.

… Upon their arrival, chino slaves [i.e. any Asian slave, not just Chinese] were absorbed by the urban economy of Mexico City, where they mainly worked as domestic servants or in textile mills (obrajes) … For their part, working in the city provided chinos with some possibilities for manumission. Chinos in domestic service were especially apt to embrace the limited opportunities available to them and to experience some social mobility. In the obrajes, chinos had few of the freedoms given to domestic servants, but they did benefit from government oversight of the industry. During official visits, chino slaves appealed for protection from overt exploitation by claiming that they were Indians (even if they were from Portuguese India). Remarkably, visiting inspectors listened to their complaints, and they often responded by liberating individual chinos under the assumption that they were indeed native vassals and could thus not be held in bondage. The overall experience of chinos in the viceroyal capital confirms the benefits of living close to the center of colonial power.

The presence of free indigenous immigrants from the Spanish Philippines in Mexico reinforced the idea that all chinos were Indians. The complex governing structure of colonial Mexico involved two republics or political communities (the república de indios and the república de españoles); this organization separated the indigenous majority from everyone else to facilitate the collection of tribute and the ministry of the Catholic Church … [N]ative immigrants from the Philippines purposely sought to confirm their membership in the Republic because corporate status provided personal advantages. They asked to be tallied in tribute rolls in Mexico to benefit from concomitant privileges, such as trading rights and legal representation through the General Indian Court. At the same time, free Filipinos were frequently confused with chino slaves - a situation that had serious consequences for Filipinos' relations with colonial institutions and enslaved individuals. Some immigrants resented having their indigenous identity questioned and sought to maintain a sense of their Indian-ness by keeping their distance from chino slaves. The majority, however, expressed solidarity with chino slaves. Filipino artisans, for example, took on chino slaves as apprentices and taught them marketable skills. Similarly, Filipino traders incorporated chinos into their own credit networks to facilitate self-purchase.

Individual chinos who were manumitted also embraced an Indian identity, regardless of whether they were from Goa, Macau, or other places in South and Southeast Asia. In this way, chinos challenged official attempts to define them solely as former slaves. Instead, they sought to join the free republic. The possibility for this kind of social integration caused widespread concern among slave owners. To defend their property rights, masters started to brand chino slaves on the face, rather than on the chest or arm as they did with Africans, in order to dissuade them from fleeing and "passing" as free Indians. This horrifying development shows that Indian communities welcomed runaway chino slaves and, by extension, that slave owners sought visible markers of their slaves' status.

Excerpt from the Introduction to “Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chinos to Indians” (2014) by Tatiana Seijas

[waltfrasescazadordepalabras]

11 de Octubre, el último día de libertad de América...

Autor: Felipe Pigna.

Ayer fué11 de Octubre, el último día de libertad de América. ¡Hoy es el día de la raza! ¿De qué raza estamos hablando? Las Naciones Unidas abolieron el término raza en 1959 por carecer de todo valor científico y por servir solamente para incentivar el odio entre los hombres de distintas culturas. ¡Y acá seguimos festejando el día de la raza!.

¿Qué festejamos el 12 de octubre?

El aniversario de la llegada de un comerciante aventurero que se tropezó con un continente maravilloso donde los hombres vivían en libertad y en armonía con la naturaleza. Pueblos como los arahuacos, que le ofrecieron a Colón y sus secuaces toda su amistad, porque para decir amigo decían “mi otro corazón”, y al arco iris lo llamaban “serpiente de collares de colores”. Colón no tenía vocación para la poesía y rápidamente los esclavizó y los puso a buscar oro para el Papa y los Reyes Católicos. En treinta años la población de las Antillas fue exterminada por los invasores empachados de codicia.

¿Qué festejamos el 12 de Octubre?

Festejamos la introducción en América de los secuestros extorsivos. El asesino Hernán Cortés secuestró y mató a Moctezuma a pesar de que los aztecas pagaron un rescate de toneladas de oro y plata. Lo mismo hará su compañero Pizarro con Atahualpa en el Perú. La conquista le costó a América 80 millones de vidas que quedaron en las minas, en los obrajes, en las haciendas, para enriquecer al reino de España y a los banqueros europeos. Pero de entrada nomás pintó la rebelión y el caballo, traído por los españoles para dominar, fue adoptado por los nativos que se formaron las caballerías rebeldes de los ejércitos libertadores como el de Tupac Amaru, que les metió miedo a los conquistadores y los obligó a cambiar su política de explotación y genocidio. Hoy a más de 500 años, la conquista sigue y sigue la lucha desigual de los mapuches contra el emporio Benetton, dueño de 900.000 hectáreas en la Patagonia. En este territorio entrarían varios estados europeos, pero no les alcanza y quieren quitarle la poca tierra que les quedó a nuestros habitantes originarios después del saqueo de Roca y sus secuaces. ¡Nunca Más día de la Raza! ¡No festejemos el saqueo, la violación y el asesinato! ¡Recordemos cada 11 de octubre a los que nos antecedieron en esta tierra y que enseñaron a sus hijos a cuidarla porque, como dice un proverbio mapuche, nadie es dueño de la tierra, la recibe en préstamo cuando nace y la debe devolver a la naturaleza más próspera y fértil cuando se va.

.

Y TODO FUE DESTRUIDO

(poema azteca)

Todo esto pasó con nosotros. Nosotros lo vimos,

nosotros lo admiramos.

Con suerte lamentosa nos vimos angustiados.

En los caminos yacen dardos rotos,

los cabellos están esparcidos.

Destechadas están las casas,

enrojecidos tienen sus muros.

Gusanos pululan por calles y plazas,

y en las paredes están salpicados los sesos.

Rojas están las aguas, están como teñidas,

y cuando las bebimos,

es como si hubiéramos bebido agua de salitre.

Golpeábamos, en tanto, los muros de adobe,

y era nuestra herencia una red de agujeros.

En los escudos fue su resguardo:

¡pero ni con los escudos puede ser sostenida su soledad!

Hemos comido pelos de eritrina,

hemos masticado grama salitrosa,

piedras de adobe, ratones, tierra en polvo, gusanos.

Todo esto pasó con nosotros.

[leftistfeminista]

In the aftermath of the coup against Evo Morales, former members of his government we held as political prisoners-

Lorgia Fuentes, tortured and chained by the Añez regime

Lorgia Fuentes, victim of the coup d'état, questioned this Tuesday that the former de facto president, Jeanine Áñez, asserts that her rights are violated, when she does not suffer torture and access to health is respected.  

Fuentes was tortured during the Áñez regime and chained to a hospital stretcher when she was in poor health. She was accused without evidence of having links with former authorities of the Evo Morales government, for which she was deprived of liberty at the Obrajes Women's Orientation Center in La Paz.

On that occasion, the Spanish journalist Alejandro Entrambasaguas joined the process against Fuentes to present alleged evidence to the Public Ministry and accuse her of illicit enrichment; However, he failed to prove what was reported and did not respond to calls to give informative statements on the case to date.

“I have suffered a cerebrovascular accident and four months later, on January 15, I was electrocuted by Mrs. Áñez's Government. On January 21, Entrambasaguas went out in search of me, but he did not find me; On January 25, Mrs. Áñez announced her intention to be a candidate for the Presidency and a few days later, as the press already knows, she arrested me, I went to jail, there was no mercy for me, there was no justice," she said in interview with Bolivia TV.

Fuentes assured that during the regime his family suffered harassment and that he even received warnings that his six-year-old son was going to be disappeared.

“No one is electrocuting Ms. Áñez like me, no one has her chained like I was; but, above all, Mrs. Áñez is not being deprived of what is the right to health, in addition to the fact that she was not sick, she does not have an underlying illness like I have had, a cerebrovascular infarction, which she had its immediate sequence or its second cerebrovascular infarction the day they electrocuted me, because they electrocuted me until I had convulsions,” Fuentes lamented.  

Lorgia Fuentes, who was prosecuted and detained in 2020 due to information disseminated by the Spanish journalist Alejandro Entrambasaguas, questioned the media's handling of her case at that time. She described the situation as “embarrassing media orgies.” 

In a text sent to this medium, Fuentes recalled that in February 2020, information was disseminated that Entrambasaguas had presented evidence against him to the Prosecutor's Office.

Then, Entrambasaguas stated that he had an audio recording in which it was heard that Lorgia Fuentes had installed a closed circuit of video surveillance cameras in a home, with which orgies of senior officials of Evo Morales' government had been recorded.

Fuentes considered what happened in February 2020 as a “sexist media show,” because she was also presented as the “alleged lover” of former minister Carlos Romero.

He questioned that the recordings referred to by the Spanish journalist had not been offered and that it had not been mentioned that Entrambasaguas left Bolivia that same day.

Fuentes considered that in that case there was “gigantic coverage forced from above in the Bolivian media, which with little self-esteem and shamefully lowering their eyes had to follow the flow of the tabloid licentiousness of expression.”

“The circus is gone. "Bolivia is slow, but little by little it is returning to normal relations, which, despite the internal political fights, still maintain certain values, limits and modesty," says the text signed by Fuentes.

“I was a political prisoner throughout the Áñez government. They set up a case using a supposedly investigative journalist, the Spaniard Alejandro Entrambasaguas, who has done terrorist work, linking me to contracts with the Chinese government and being a close friend of former minister Carlos Romero,” she recalled.At that time, the pseudo journalist Entrambasaguas acted with impunity in the country under the protection of Arturo Murillo, Minister of Government of the de facto regime, in order to incriminate former authorities linked to the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS).

In this particular case, she boasted of having conclusive evidence to prosecute Fuentes for the crime of illicit enrichment and of being Romero's alleged lover, documents that she never showed but that were used by the Prosecutor's Office to imprison her.

Chained to a hospital bed, she remained there for several days by direct order of former Minister Murillo before being transferred to the Obrajes prison.“I have been chained, apart from being chained I was tortured when I had to be fed with a tube, that is how I was treated all that time. Now I ask for justice, there are many who say it is revenge, it is not revenge, it is justice, because many families were affected and tortured by the Áñez government,” Fuentes demanded.

Rightwing media attempted to spread lies about the identity of the woman in chains, to which she responded to on Twitter in 2022.

A certain Hernán Terrazas lies, claiming that the photo of a chained woman "belongs to another country." Which one? Chávez's Venezuela? Communist Cuba? Or Evo's Bolivia? Nope, the photo is mine, from February 2020 during the presidency of a woman, @JeanineAnez. So, now was it a coup now?

[oleworm]

Of all the things we learned in school the one that made me go "Damn, that's fucked up" at an age where I didn't really have empathy for anyone were the obrajes (textile sweatshops) of colonial Spanish America. Article says Mexico, but they also existed in South America.

The obrajes in New Spain—cotton and woolen textile mills which produced cloth for everyday use in colonial society—were vigorous capitalistic enterprises which flourished in a feudal-mercantile environment. Linked initially with encomiendas and the repartimiento system of forced labor for wages, the obraje outlived these institutions. It resisted both royal labor legislation designed to promote the welfare of the Indian and Spanish mercantile restrictions aimed at limiting competition with the peninsular textile industry. Sweatshop working conditions prevailed throughout three centuries of Spanish domination in Mexico. Indian slavery, debt peonage, harsh treatment, child labor, and bad food, clothing, and shelter—all of these were characteristics of the Mexican colonial obraje. Concerted efforts to curb abuses in obrajes began in the 1560s and continued until 1805. But by the late sixteenth century the people of New Spain had come to depend on locally produced textiles, and as a consequence it became socially necessary for obrajes to operate outside the law. No matter how much humanitarian reformers and mercantile monopolists might complain, the royal government had to tolerate abuses, because obrajes were useful and necessary to the economy.

[josephfabish]

European Impacts on Ancient Inca Weaving

An expert on Peruvian history and culture, Joseph H. Fabish has lectured extensively on Inca weaving. Having presented at institutions such as the Institute of Andean Studies and the Textile Museum of Southern California, Joseph Fabish lectured primarily on the weaving traditions of the Huamachuco people.

The Inca Empire and its weaving tradition dissipated sometime after the Europeans colonized ancient Peru. Historians believe the end of the Inca Empire happened in the early 16th century when Spanish explorers colonized the region. Colonial rule overtook the quadripartite state formerly known as Tawantinsuyu, or Land of Four Corners, in the next century.

As a part of the cultural colonization that took place, the Aclla Wasi (state master weavers) came under the magnifying glass of Spanish settlers who realized the weaving tradition was interconnected with Inca identity and belief system. In response, the Spanish settlers attacked this tradition, prohibiting Andean weavers from practicing sacred textile practices.

Instead, the settlers made master weavers reproduce textiles but for European tastes. Out of this transformation, the Obrajes system developed, which produced textiles and materials characterized as low quality for people who belonged to the working classes. More importantly, treadle looms and reeds were equipment introduced into weaving, and weavers began to use material derived from silk, sheep, and metallic threads.

As a result of Spanish influences such as the Incas being removed from overseeing weaving practices, the quality of the textiles declined. This downfall was primarily because the traditions under which textiles were made previous to colonization were no longer practiced. However, many indigenous people still held onto the tradition of weaving using alpaca and vicuna fibers with metallic fibers interwoven into the material. Some historians believe this style was a statement of resistance to colonial rule.

[molinajavier]

La Paz, Bolivia: yesterday and today

I have published a book, back in 1975: “Imágenes Paceñas, lugares y personas”. Here you can see the contrast of yesterday and today, 1975 and 2023 Calle Murillo Churubamba Obrajes Plaza Murillo Santa Barbara en Miraflores

[babyheroeclipseweasel]

Una visita al Deportamiento de Obraje Púbico.

[punk-jules]

no puedo creer que ya se termina 2022. he de decir que disfruto mucho año nuevo porque siempre hacemos el mismo festejo, y la paso muy bien.

pero siento que este año me pasaron demasiadas cosas, que no puedo entender cómo en algún momento me dije "siento que no me está pasando nada".

salí a ver a muchísimas bandas, quedé abanderada, hice mi primer libro de artista, dejé el instituto de inglés, amplié mi obraje, me leí 12 libros, aprobé todas las materias, estuve internada, perdí muchas amistades antiguas, me perdí en el predio de un festival hasta las tres am, hice otras amistades hermosas, fui a tigre, hice mis primeros flyers y gané un concurso por uno de ellos, hice la tapa para un tema que salió en spotify; en fin, pasó de todo.

el año que viene cumplo 18 y bueno, ando asustada. espero que el año que viene no sea tan caótico y frustrante y sepa disfrutar de todo lo lindo que me rodea

[grabadoandino]

a mitad camino entre el centro y la zona sur,

te esperamos en la feria

"El 💖 del artesano"

📍 subalcaldia de Obrajes

📅 22-23-24-25-26 de Julio

⏰ 09:00-19:00

no te olvides nuestra tienda virtual 😉:

⏩ www.grabadoandino.com

[manessha545]

La Paz

Capital of Bolivia

La Paz, in Bolivia, is the highest administrative capital in the world, resting on the Andes’ Altiplano plateau at more than 3,500m above sea level. It stretches to El Alto city in the highlands, with snow-capped, 6,438m-high Mt. Illimani as its backdrop. The city's dramatic setting can be taken in during rides on Mi Teleférico, the aerial cable car system.

Elevation: 3,640 m

Neighborhoods: Calacoto, Sopocachi, Miraflores, Obrajes, MORE

Area code: 2

Department: La Paz

El Alto incorporated: 20th century

Founded: 20 October 1548 by Alonso de Mendoza

La Paz - Wikipedia

La Paz

[psicodanzarina]

El PROTECTOR #Illimani visto desde el #Bus colectivo "O" ... #Obrajes al centro : ) https://www.instagram.com/p/B04ARHRAcLm/?igshid=3ebe2fg8ue88

[renearze]

@laiasanz_85 En las calles de La Paz #Dakar2017 #LaPaz #dakar2017🇵🇾🇦🇷🇧🇴 #Dakarrally #Bolivia #Laiazanz #Race #KTM #Obrajes #City #Rally #Dakarrally2017 #KTMracingteam #SouthAmerica (at La Paz, Bolivia)

[reciclandino]

Otra semana en casa.... si podemos suplir ciertas formas de trabajo y clases a través la web, queda imprescindible la necesidad de imprimir nuestras tareas, el resultado de una mañana de webinar o… un simple diseño porqué los chicos coloren.

¡No te quedes sin tóner! Contáctenos ya!

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Entrega gratuita en Alto Obrajes y centro ciudad