#now back to biostats research

[angstmongertina]

I do want to add that the argument isn’t just about MRIs. The paper argues for the importance of multiple testing corrections, which is relevant in far more science than just imaging analysis. That’s something that can happen in any field in which tests are being performed. The MRI example is just one such case.

This essentially comes down to what we mean when we say statistically significant. If you think back to your science classes, you may remember learning about null and alternate hypotheses when performing an experiment, or designing a test. The idea is that the null is sort of the "default," and our goal with our experiments, much of the time, is see if the null hypothesis is false. You may hear it as "reject the null." Typically, we feel comfortable rejecting the null at p<0.05. This means that there is a 5% chance that any differences we're seeing in our data compared to what we expect is entirely by chance. In other words, it's pretty unlikely that the results we're seeing are by chance, so instead we can think "well, maybe there's an actual difference."

Now, that's great for one test. But let's say we're doing 100 tests. And each one rejects at p<0.05. And let's assume that all of them truly have no difference. Well, based on our cut-off for our p value, on average, we would expect 5 of those 100 tests to reject, even though there is no true difference. This is what's called a false positive, and is a danger whenever we're doing tests like this. There's always a chance that we find an association that isn't real. But, we do our best to try and limit them.

Now back to the dead salmon. As a disclaimer, I don't work with imaging data, so anyone who actually does imaging analysis, feel free to correct me, but as I understand it, when you're looking at MRIs, you're looking at tons and tons of small regions, and looking for associations between them and the stimulus. Essentially, you're doing tons and tons of tests. And if you continue to use the same cut-off of 0.05, you're going to end up with quite a few false positives. Which is what happened in the dead salmon study. If I recall correctly, they found a region with association in the optic area of the fish brain, indicating that the very dead fish can still see things. Which is clearly impossible, since the fish is dead. Instead, what was happening was that a cluster of tests just so happened to be false positives in a way that might make it appear as though there was an association with that region of the brain. And since the fish was dead and should not have any brain activity, that was very clearly a case of false positives.

So, what can we do? Well, multiple testing corrections is essentially a method that can be used to combat this. There are a few different ways to adjust the p-value, or otherwise control how many false positives you get, but the basic idea is that when you're doing many tests, like in the case of MRIs, or other studies like Genome Wide Association Studies, it's very very important to adjust the p-value, so you don't end up with a bunch of false-positives. And any scientists performing multiple tests should be wary of these kinds of results. It's not always as easy to tell as when we're looking for brain activity in a dead fish, but the results can be equally unrealistic.

In summary, please check how many tests you're running and perform multiple testing corrections accordingly, even if you're not working with MRIs. False positives don't care about what field you're in. They come for all.

one of the best academic paper titles

[defilerwyrm]

Hey, trans guy here, and while I’m not personally interested in getting bottom surgery, I am interested in writing t4t erotica involving guys who have. Do you have any writing tips on that front or just stuff you wanna see from what I imagine is a pretty underserved niche?

Howdy and that’s awesome!

One thing that would be cool to see represented: not everyone who gets bottom surgery is a top! I’m sure not, though strangely my interest in playing that role has increased since I had the work done. You can be the biggest anal queen this side of Pornhub and still get bottom surgery. Only makes sense, right—if we can accept that having a dick doesn’t automatically make a cis man a top, the same is also true of trans men & transmascs.

Some things about a healed-up phallo dick from my experience, under a cut:

The head is VERY sensitive, and the base is very sensitive. Everything in between that has erotic sensation but in an “Mm that’s nice” kinda way until you add pressure too. Once it’s healed up, it is definitely possible to orgasm from stimulating it. How long that takes will vary, though. I was told it might be up to a year, but I have a crazy healing factor and had it back in like 2-3 months.

If you couldn’t successfully kill the hair follicles on a permanent basis via electrolysis and/or laser prior to surgery, there’ll be hair. (It’s not THAT weird. Plenty of cis men out there have hair on their shafts too!)

If you had a tattoo on your donor site, you’ve got a tattoo on your dick now, lol. It might be unrecognizable depending on where it was originally (especially on the inner wrist/forearm).

There’s a scar up the underside right in the middle and all around the base. The scar up the middle of your scrotum will look similar enough to the natural seam of an OEM scrotum that it’s not really notable.

The scrotum won’t have all the wrinkles an OEM one does at rest.

No foreskin, more’s the pity, but the head looks VERY much like a circumcised OEM penis once it’s healed.

Different donor sites tend to produce different results. The non-dominant forearm is preferred because they take a stretch of nerve with it and it’ll typically have the least subcutaneous fat, so you tend to get the best sensation and shape. With the back or thigh, bigger guys might end up with a Coke can cock, which cis men THINK they want but it’s a different story when it’s always that size.

Yep, it’s always the same size. Which means you’ve got something the size of an average-for-your-height erection at all times.

Without an implant, it’s quite floppy as you can imagine. If you manspread at all, you might have to shake a leg out when you stand up ‘cause your dick’ll go between your thighs, and you’ll notice real quick as soon as you start walking. Masturbation can be awkward depending on how you do it, but “double bagging” (wearing two condoms at once) will keep it stiff enough to top.

There are two types of implants you can get: a flexible rod made of silver encased in biostatic silicone that gets sutured to your pubic bone to make sure it stays in place (how metal is that?!), or an inflatable rod that has a pump & release in the scrotum. Look for “erectile dysfunction implant” if you’re researching these. With the former, you basically always have an erection, but it’s posable; not great if you wear a lot of Speedos, as my surgeon put it. With the latter, you choose when it stands up and when it lies down. These implants, along with testicular implants for those who get them, are always done at least 6-9 months after the initial surgery.

Recovery can be rough. I took 3 months off work and needed it. The first two and a half weeks were the worst because I had a suprapubic catheter in, and dear gods I hated being cathed. Felt like I had to pee at all times, even right after emptying the bag. Worth it, though, absolutely worth it.

If you do radial arm flap, you’ll end up with two scars aside from the ones on your groin: a rectangular graft that goes most of the way around (NOT all the way around; that leads to necrosis!) the forearm from the wrist to about halfway to the elbow; and a less-obvious rectangular scar shaped like an open book on the top of one thigh where they take a split-thickness (meaning, only part of the way down) skin donation for your arm graft. The graft is pretty obvious, especially if you’re chubby, but my leg scar is extremely subtle and continues to get fainter as my skin cycles itself out.

The graft will be forever hairless.

People will probably glance at the graft, and they might stare if they’re rude, but in the…what’s it been, almost two years I’ve had it, exactly one person has actually asked about it and that was when it was still fresh and extra gnarly-looking. I told her “It’s a graft, it’s not as bad as it looks” and there were no follow-up questions.

Because there’s nerve harvested from the inside of the forearm, sensation comes to the penis faster than it comes to the graft. The cut nerve DOES regrow! But for the first…I’d say 6-9 months? Ish? I could only feel pressure on the tissue UNDER the graft. Sensation is still duller there, but at this point I can feel temperature, moisture, and texture well enough.

Recovery includes physical therapy for the donor arm. The more you move that wrist early and consistently, the less stiff it will be when it heals. I’ll never be able to touch my thumb to my wrist again, but I also can’t do that on the right either now, so I think that’s more to do with my age than the surgery (I used to be a lot more hypermobile, but I am no longer a spring chicken).

Learning to pee standing up is a messy affair that involves cleaning the toilet and doing laundry a lot. Once you’ve got it down, though, it’s pretty awesome.

Chasers will now ghost me the instant they find out I am not biologically available to be their sexual experiment.

There are a LOT of other options for bottom surgery, but I only have passing familiarity with them based on hearing firsthand accounts and what I learned from my surgeon. Personally, I weighed meta vs phallo heavily; being able to get a natural erection with meta or Centurion was a very attractive prospect, but it just doesn’t produce a size that I would find satisfying in terms of my own self-image, so I went with phallo. There was never a question in my mind as to wanting vaginectomy with it. Beyond the unbelievable convenience of being able to pee standing up without an STP device, I fuckin’ HATED my front hole, and I REALLY hated being pressured about having things done to it (mostly by cis men, but not always) all the time.

[sudheervanguri]

Trial Master File Specialist Jobs at Biorasi Are you ready to advance your career in clinical research? Biorasi, a leading global Clinical Research Organization (CRO), is hiring for the role of Trial Master File Specialist in Mumbai. This hybrid position is perfect for professionals with a background in clinical research and expertise in eTMF management. If you’re passionate about ensuring high-quality documentation in clinical trials, this opportunity is for you! Trial Master File Specialist Job Description Your Role As a Trial Master File Specialist, you will play a critical role in managing, maintaining, and ensuring the accuracy of the Trial Master File (TMF) to meet industry and regulatory standards. Your responsibilities will include: Review, classify, and process Trial Master File (TMF) documents for multiple studies both in an electronic and hard copy format in a timely manner per the TMF plan and Biorasi SOPs Support for study et-up, structure, maintenance, closure, and transfer of TMF. Escalate any TMF related observations/issues regarding TMF health/status, including actionable metrics, completeness, and quality of documents electronic in a timely manner to Functional Leads. As necessary, support in providing re-training to the project team. Prepare and transmit TMF and other critical documents to the Sponsor in accordance with the relevant instructions. Prepare initial set up of Expected Document List (EDL) in eTMF System. Maintain System Access control throughout the study Assist the Project Manager, Clinical Trial Manager, and other functional leads (e.g., data management; biostats; medical writing, supply chain, etc.) to ensure TMF documentation is submitted/published according to study plan and with high quality in order to maintain TMF in an audit/inspection-ready state. Perform periodic TMF quality check as per SOP Attend internal project team and sponsor teleconferences as applicable to the project. Assist in training team members on TMF systems and study specific requirements. Plan, prepare and present monthly TMF status, risks, issues, and associated actions for assigned projects. Provide completeness & reconciliation reports to the project team May serve as back-up to TMF Associate Support the study team in the preparation, conduct, and follow up of internal and/or external audits/inspections. Archive all paper files and maintain an ongoing inventory list of all received files in timely manner. Partake in regular team meeting / teleconferences. Communicate any out-of-scope issues to upper management as soon as identified. Other duties as assigned.  . [caption id="attachment_111302" align="aligncenter" width="1200"] Trial Master File Specialist Hiring at Biorasi | Apply for Hybrid Role in Mumbai[/caption] Qualifications and Skills To qualify for this position, you must have: Educational Background: A Bachelor’s Degree in a scientific discipline or equivalent work experience in the clinical research field. Experience: Minimum five years of clinical research experience, with at least five years in eTMF management. Knowledge of the Trial Master File Reference Model and records management best practices is preferred. Skills: Proficiency in MS Office Suite (Word, PowerPoint, Excel). Strong understanding of ICH GCP guidelines and relevant local regulations. Data collection, indexing, and editing expertise. How to Apply Take the next step in your career by applying for the Trial Master File Specialist role at Biorasi. Submit your application today via the following link: Apply Now Applications are open for a limited time, so don’t miss this opportunity to join a leading global organization in the clinical research field.

[ontrackmind]

So, a few months ago I put Step 1 on hold after getting my test date canceled for the third time. With some serious imposter syndrome, stress from the pandemic, and some unhappy family problems all happening at once, I could not comprehend a FOURTH test date.

Instead, I took a break from step and worked on my MPH practicum and independent learning projects with the most amazing family medicine faculty. I was able to analyze data, put my MPH education to work (who knew I actually learned something in biostats?!), and work with community members and allied healthcare professionals. It felt so rewarding to see tangible progress being made on a project I joined almost a year ago. I even presented my results at a (virtual) conference and was recognized for the community health impact the study had (yay!).

I cannot express how rewarding my MPH has been. I know it doesn't add much weight to residency applications, but it has added so much value to my education and overall life. I'm so excited to take the rest of my MPH classes. I'm also excited to continue working on this research project over the next 2 years and learn how we can turn data into real change to meet our community's needs.

A little while ago (after a really long break), I finally went back to Step prep but with a major difference. I felt ready. I felt ready to get back to medical education. Ready to study and learn and do practice questions. Ready to learn more and master Step.

I took a practice test today and scored exponentially better than I was scoring at the beginning of the pandemic. Like, almost 70 points higher (I know, I had some pretty terrible scores when I started). I am just now starting to feel confident in myself and my abilities.

Today was the first day I have been able to look back at my medical school experience and feel like I learned so much and that I am equal to my peers (not lesser than).

Med school is hard. The stress and workload is a lot. Imposter syndrome is real. But, I am happy to report that every challenge can be overcome.

Onward to more good days and continued awesome Step scores! (But, save your fork because the best is yet to come 😉)

[cancerbiophd]

Hi Julia! I'm just starting my PhD, and my supervisor gives me a lot of freedom and independence. While I appreciate that, I'm not sure where to start tackling my project. I've done a lot of reading, but I'm having trouble designing good experiments. Do you have any suggestions?

Hi anon!

I have a post here outlining one possible path to take when designing your thesis project–however, it does involve communicating with the PI almost every step of the way. I do think that PI involvement is pretty crucial for the development of a PhD student, so if there’s a way for you to have weekly one-on-one meetings with your PI, I think you’ll find that would be really beneficial. 

In the meantime, let’s talk about experimental design. It’s a very important skill we learn during grad school, and one of those skills that separates someone with a PhD and someone without. It’s part of the “Ph” part of the degree, after all! So if you’re not getting the mentoring necessary to learn how to properly design experiments, then that’s a huge foundation of your PhD that’s missing. If your program (or any related programs) has a class on experimental design, it would be worth taking (I took two different experimental design courses, on top of regular guidance from my PI, and years later I’m still learning so much about the nuances of experimental design). Regardless, as a minimum requirement for a PhD mentor, your PI should be teaching you proper experimental design and results interpretation. Otherwise they’re just a warm money-pumping-lab-having body for the next 4+ years and that’s not what you, a PhD student, are here for, or deserve.

However, I do understand the reality that is busy PIs and large labs. If your PI is really hard to get a hold of, you can try finding other mentors to help guide you, such as: other senior members in the lab (like the lab manager, research specialists, post-docs, even other grad students), your committee members, the PI next door even. I get advice from as many people as I can, because sometimes even if my PI is available, she may not have the best expertise in certain situations. 

As a supplement, I would also recommend finding online resources on experimental design. A quick google search of “experimental design in biology” lead me to this awesome video from Khan Academy that covers experimental design at its simplest. 

Now here’s a quick and dirty 4-step crash-course on experimental design (from my experience in doing biology research):

1) Start with a testable and feasible research question:

This is based off a hypothesis/prediction you make, which in turn is based off the knowledge gaps in your research area

It can be as simple (one experiment) or as complex (aka the focus of your entire dissertation) as you want it to be

It should be testable: you actually have a way to figure out the answer

And also feasible: given your time, ethics, and resources (eg. equipment available, funding, people who can help you)

This is something that reading the literature, or talking to your PI, can help with. 

(Divide up your research question into sub-questions if necessary)

“Yes” and “No” research questions are totally ok. Sometimes it’s as simple as “does my cell line constitutively express this receptor, yes or no?” or “does Treatment X induce my cell to secrete Protein Z, yes or no?”

2) Come up with a method to answer the question:

I like to first go into “fantasy” mode. Like, what would the perfect assay be to answer this? I pretend it’s the year 3050 and whatever I think of we can do. For example: “ah if only i had xray vision and the ability to tell apart a human tumor cell from mouse bone marrow and can see just how many of these tumor cells end up in the bone with my naked eye!” Thinking like this first lets you get to the bottom of “what do we need to solve this problem?” 

Ok, time to go back to the present. We can’t see tumor cells through bone with the naked eye, but what do we have that allows us to do so indirectly? How can I tell the difference between a human cell and a mouse cell, and also quantify that? 

Another part of the design process where reading the literature and/or talking to your PI and other researchers would help with, especially if you don’t know what you don’t know. 

Like if I have no idea that something like intracellular fluorescent labeling and flow cytometry existed to solve my question at hand, I couldn’t even use that in my experiment

Determining the method you will use is sometimes the most time-consuming part imo. If it’s something you or the lab haven’t done before, you’ll need to do a lot of research into the methods (what’s the best reagent? concentration of reagent? do we have access to equipment necessary? do i need specific controls? what’s the specificity and sensitivity of this assay? are there background issues i have to contend with (eg. autofluorescence))? It may take a few tries with optimization before getting the method down for your purposes. And as you can see, it can be super involved, so getting advice and help from your PI or another expert would be really helpful (and time saving!)

3) Design the experiment on paper with the proper variables, controls, and replicates:

I like to pretend I’m solving a murder mystery and I have to convince the jury that Suspect A, with weapon C, is the one who dun it. How do I go about designing an experiment that will eliminate all possible suspects and murder weapons (and thus convince the jury)? 

Sometimes it helps to draw a predicted results graph of your experiment; seeing it in its “final” form may help you realize some controls or treatment combos may be missing. 

Once you’ve designed the experiment, go over it with your PI (or another expert), to make sure it’s sound.

The number of replicates (technical vs biological) you may need will depend on statistical analyses, like power analyses and what kind of statistical experimental design (eg. one-tailed vs two-tailed) you’ve decided beforehand. If this all sounds new, then that’s something you’ll need expert advice on (like from your PI), or take a class in (like biostats), or do lots and lots of independent research (perhaps the most time-consuming and mistake-prone choice). At a minimum though, we always need at least 3 values to perform any stats (so if you’re just running something up the flagpole, n=3 is a quick and dirty thing to do first). 

4) Predict the outcomes of each of your variables and controls and do some thought exercises

Ask yourself if these predicted results will answer your question

If it only answers part of your question, what else do you need?

If it doesn’t really answer your question, what should be changed? 

What if the opposite of what you predicted happens? What would that mean? 

If all this seems super overwhelming, then I think it’s a sign to seek out specific help on experimental design, like your PI or a class. Again, it’s part of your PhD training, but it’s not something you need to, or should, learn all by your lonesome self. 

Good luck with your training and research! I hope you find a good path forward. 

[md-admissions]

2019 in review

Yes I’m ALIVE, I’m BACK after several months of being buried in research, applications, and whatnot. So by tradition, it’s time for my annual review!

1 - What did you do in 2019 that you’d never done before?

Apply for a masters program, take a spin class (guys. It was...weird.), finish my first year of fellowship, go to IDWeek, bake a ton of new recipes 2 - Did you keep your new years’ resolutions, and will you make more for next year?

I kept my resolution for packing lunch 3-4 times a week!

I will definitely make more resolutions for the upcoming year, including hitting 5000 steps a day or more for 5 out of 7 days.

3 - Did anyone close to you give birth?

No but next year I have like three close friends who will be giving birth

4 - Did anyone close to you die?

Yes, my grandma :(

5 - What countries did you visit?

 Hong Kong, a couple parts of China

6 - What would you like to have in 2020 that you lacked in 2019?

Improved confidence and skill in infectious diseases (I said it last year but I’m saying it again) and I’m adding infection control to that. More confidence in my intuition, more time to care for myself 7 - What date from 2019 will remain etched upon your memory, and why?

4/17/2019. The day I delivered my big fellowship presentation and immediately got on a Lyft to go to the airport to get on a plane for my grandmother’s funeral. The fact that I was forced to stay an extra week to do this presentation is something I’m never really going to be okay with. 

8 - What was your biggest achievement of the year?

Completing a 6 week biostats bootcamp over the summer

9 - What was your biggest failure?

Not putting my foot down sooner when I had concerns about my research project, which resulted in a several month delay and drag on getting things going 10 - Did you suffer illness or injury?

Little things, like the flu but otherwise I was okay! 11 - What was the best thing you bought?

My new MVMT watch. It’s professional, classy, and a little rock n roll. Just my style. 12 - Whose behavior merited celebration?

The female leadership in academic ID. I heard and went to some phenomenal talks by women in academic ID. It was, at most times, hard to hear about the things they’ve endured. But also educational and inspiring. 13 - Whose behavior made you appalled or depressed?

ANTI-VAXXERS

14 - Where did most of your money go?

Plane tickets and rent

15 - What did you get really, really, really excited about?

The Witcher, His Dark Materials, the Game of Thrones finale, the NADDPOD live show I went to, IDWeek, the cookbooks I bought, the finale of TAZ: Amnesty 16 - What song(s) will always remind you of 2019?

Marry Me--Betty Who 17 - Compared to this time last year, are you: I. Happier or sadder?

Happier. II. Thinner or fatter?

Thinner, by 15 pounds!

III. Richer or poorer?

Richer.

18 - What do you wish you’d done more of?

Take time for mindfulness and centering myself. 19 - What do you wish you’d done less of?

Let my anxiety and imposter syndrome overrule my judgement 20 - How will you be spending/spent Christmas?

Watching Disney+, making food, napping

21 - Did you fall in love in 2019?

Nah 22 - How many one-night stands?

Zero. 23 - What was your favorite tv program?

The Great British Bake Off, probably. If only gauged by the sheer number of times I watched all the seasons and spin-offs

24 - Do you hate anyone now that you didn’t hate this time last year?

Yeah, that’s natural. Of course. 25 - What was the best book you read?

Guys. Guys. Gideon the Ninth. Go read it. Go read it NOW. I STILL THINK ABOUT IT. Slow burn romance between space lesbian necromancers exploring an ancient, kinda-abandoned palace. GO GO GO. So that I can cry with someone about it. 26 - What was your greatest musical discovery?

The Band Camino.  27 - What did you want and get?

To save money, explore my new surroundings, lose weight that was making me feel physically exhausted and sick 28 - What was your favorite film of this year?

The Farewell.

29 - What did you do on your birthday, and how old were you?

31. I did biostats and epi homework. No joke. 30 - What one thing would have made your year immeasurably more satisfying?

Less negative self talk

31 - How would you describe your personal fashion concept in 2019?

Office wear with punk and rock details 32 - What kept you sane?

MBMBaM podcasts, GBBO episodes 33 - Which celebrity/public figure did you fancy the most?

Keanu Reeves. Listen, I’ve loved him since I was twelve years old. I still love him.

34 - What political/social issue stirred you the most?

Healthcare access in the corrections system, anti-vaccination, women in medicine 35 - Who did you miss?

My grandma and my best friend. 36 - Who was the best new person you met?

The new associate hospital epidemiologist

37 - Tell us a valuable life lesson you learned in 2019:

I can trust in myself.

[lillyandleopard]

Could you tell me a little more about how you got started in the pharma/research industry and how you got to where you are now? I’ve been following you for years and am just getting started in the clinical research world. You are the biggest inspiration!

First of all, thank you so much, I really appreciate your kind words!!

My biggest advice for you is to take on any and everything you are offered, and work your ass off. I’ve climbed the ladder fairly quickly because I found a way to get experience in literally every aspect of clinical research - I’ve gotten experience in regulatory, safety/medical, drug development, manufacturing, biostats and data management, everything - so I have the broadest understanding of every aspect of clinical development. This not only gives you the best way to learn but also shows dedication and that you’re a team player, which can only help your career :) If you have any specific questions or just want more help, feel free to email me!! You can message me not anonymously and I’ll send my email. Happy to help in any way I can. GOOD LUCK! xoxo

[vitamininfusiontherapy]

I mainlined a bag of liquid vitamins — for science

The image of an intravenous (IV) bag is a sign of health issues, yet healthy people across the nation are signing up for the type of IV drips generally saved for patients embeded healthcare facility beds. Called nutrient IV therapy, the therapy requires pumping vitamins, minerals, and liquids straight right into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastro-intestinal (GI) system of what is meant to be a rush of health to the capillaries.

Its supporters state nutrient IVs can help relieve tension, boost state of minds, as well as fight the common cold. Jet-setting stars have spoken highly of the power boost they receive from these vitamin-rich drips. Event groups declare everything but remedies a hangover.

However numerous professionals are doubtful. A lack of released studies about the influence of nutrient leaks on otherwise healthy people has actually relegated the treatment to the camp of alternative medicines, which are often rebuffed as pseudoscience. Doubters have identified nutrient IV treatment a modern snake oil as well as accuse its specialists of being a lot more thinking about sales than scientific research.

" It's not an accident that we're magnificently adjusted to get nutrients via our GI system."

" There is a dreadful scarceness of information [to sustain the therapy]," Dr. David Katz, supervisor of the Avoidance Research Center at Yale University and author of one of the only peer-reviewed nutrient IV research studies, informed Digital Trends.

Let's opt for a drip

On a current Thursday, while I was cruising on the moderate kind of hangover that makes day-to-day jobs marginally a lot more tedious, I entered a nutrient IV facility called the Biostation in a bougie resort in Boca Raton, Florida to get my initial drip.

I 'd signed up to get a mixture which contained the Myers' mixed drink, a mix of calcium, magnesium, B vitamins, and vitamin C, which was first established by medical professional John Myers in the very early 1960s. Yet swamping the bloodstream with excess minerals can be hazardous. The team would require to run a blood sample prior to carrying out the treatment to see to it would not bewilder my body, so they recommended I get a less complicated dosage of B as well as C vitamins rather.

" B vitamins work as drivers in your body," claimed Dany Schaper, a registered nurse and also the supervisor of medical solutions at the Biostation. Schaper said a lot of her clients report feeling energized by B vitamins. "They're likewise very good at preventing infections and for your mind functions." Vitamin C, on the other hand, functions as an antioxidant and also enhance to the body immune system.

The treatment for getting a nutrient drip is a whole lot like donating blood, simply in reverse. To obtain the vitamins from the IV bag into my bloodstream, Schaper infused a sizable needle right into a vein in my arm. A small catheter hung from completion of the needle like a lizard's tail. She taped the catheter to my lower arm, before I was shepherded to a comfy reclining chair in an area that may be finest called "clinical stylish." A sound feeling of calm stood in for a hospital room's seasonal hullabaloo and turmoil.

IVs are the quickest method to obtain drugs, nutrients, and fluids into body. Instead of injections and mixtures, consumption requires things to travel through the GI tract, where they're processed for absorption. IV avoids that action. That's one reason why nutrient IV practitioners support the treatment-- by sidestepping the GI system, they claim nutrient IV supplies higher, purer, and more accessible focus of nutrients to the body.

" The problem I have with this whole area is that the marketing appears to be way out ahead of anything the science would validate."

However our bodies are developed to process nutrients via our GI system, stated Katz. "We are an item of [in between] two million and also six million years or more of evolutionary biology. It's not a crash that we're perfectly adjusted to get nutrients with our GI tract."

Given, the system breaks down from time to time, in which situation IV treatments are important. "But there needs to be an excellent factor to utilize paths besides the GI system," he claimed.

While nutrient IV treatment is just one part of the Biostation's offerings (the business likewise supplies points like analysis testing and also hormone treatment) other business have constructed themselves on the structure of the controversial procedure. A few years earlier, a start-up called The IV Doc launched with the assurance of delivered-to-your-doorstep IV drips to deal with symptoms of the influenza, jet lag, and also hangovers. It is among the a lot more unique and costly instances of biohacking to emerge recently. Throughout the sector, rates normally vary from $100 to $400.

The Biostation's B and C vitamin treatment ($ 149) takes concerning 45 minutes to complete. I would certainly be difficult pushed to say I really felt noticeably much more energized or rehydrated after the procedure. I did feel a tingling experience as the mixture flowed right into my veins. And also I might have felt a little less hungover by the time I stood back up, but I think being poked by a needle is enough to make the majority of people sober up a little bit.

Unstable scientific research

Before running his study, Katz hooked himself up to an IV and obtained his very own Myer's mixed drink nutrient drip so as to get some notion of what his topics may really feel. He additionally does not recall any extreme rush of wellness yet said he might taste the influx of B vitamins. "It was a bit like a fermented sponge in the rear of my mouth," he said. "Somewhat yeasty, acrid, and also sour, with a little bit of umami and also glutamine, like you get with mushrooms."

" Anytime there's anything brand-new, you're constantly going to have individuals asking you to confirm it functions."

Katz's research, which was published in the Journal of Choice and also Corresponding Medication, discovered that chronic-pain patients that were given a Myers' cocktail felt much better. Nonetheless, so did the clients who received a placebo.

" What little bit data are readily available would certainly recommend that, similar to so many points we carry out in medicine, this might make good sense when it's suitably targeted," Katz said. "Careful use for details factors in specific people with specific outcomes in mind. Yet the advertising of this things is basically just as a pick me up, a boost, a restorative. 'Look terrific, feel wonderful.' There's absolutely no scientific proof to sustain an advantage there."

Katz added that, although there is conjectural factor to think that momentarily higher nutrient levels might give health and wellness advantages, these cases are dubious and unproven. "The problem I have with this entire room is that the advertising appears to be way out ahead of anything the scientific research would certainly warrant," he stated.

Schaper yields that there is debate around just how efficient the therapy in fact is, yet insisted it is science-based and stated her clients have actually reported advantages. "We go by the success tales we've seen in our clients that have received regular treatment," she said. "I do not negate there are individuals who claim it doesn't work. I just do not believe it's traditional understanding. Anytime there's anything new, you're always going to have individuals asking you to confirm it functions."

Having tried the treatment, albeit when, I can't personally back Schaper's claim. I additionally do not struggle with persistent pain. However, I have pals as well as associates that in the past ritualistically visited their closest nutrient drip clinic after evenings of moderate to hefty drinking. For my component, even if cash weren't an issue, I 'd rather endure a hangover than subject myself to a needle in the arm. I'll stay with fresh juice as well as an oily breakfast sandwich for now.

The post “ I mainlined a bag of liquid vitamins — for science “ was appeared first on Digital Trends

Boost your immune system with IV vitamin therapy at Dr. Amauri Wellness Centre located in the heart of Yorkville, Toronto.

[macgyvermedical]

Would it be possible to give a list or explanation on the college classes you took for your bs in nursing? I have a character that wants to be a nurse, but I have very limited info on what he would be taking/studying. Thanks for your help.

In many majors, you have a set of major-specific classes, maybe one or two per semester for underclassmen and 3-4 as upperclassmen. Outside of these, there’s generally ample time to pursue classes of interest outside of the specific major, maybe get a minor or two without too much difficulty fitting everything in. There’s some choice, and some wiggle room in case you don’t quite get the grade you were expecting the first time taking a class.

Nursing school is not like that. 

While things are different school-to-school and program to program, having graduated from one of the tougher ones, here’s how it went for me:

At my school, the BSN was designed as a four-year program. Each semester you went to your advisor and she told you what classes you would be taking and in what order. If you wanted a minor, you basically had to either go over the credit cap your entire college career (which I did for a minor in Public Health) or stick around another semester or year. Note that “core” classes mentioned below are graduation requirements and there’s not a lot of choice in which ones you take either.

But anyway…

The first year was designated “pre-nursing.” Basically, you had two semesters to compete with 500-700 other candidates for 120 spots in the actual program.

Semester 1 was Biological Structure and Function, Chemistry, Algebra, Psychology, and “Intro to Professional Nursing” which was basically the history and traditions associated with the nursing profession. Intro was also a bit of a scare tactic. We learned techniques for performing with little sleep, dealing with stress, studying way more than the human brain was designed for, and were warned of the toxic realities of hospital life- violence against healthcare workers, the concept of older nurses “eating their young” and  the fact that C.Diff was a way of life and that we would be shoveling a lot of it in the coming years. If that didn’t get to you, Structure and Function was also the academic “weed-out” class. If you weren’t up to what was coming, this class would quickly show you where you stood.

Semester 2 was Microbiology, Organic Chemistry, Sociology, and two Core classes (for most people something like college writing, history, or literature).

At the end of Semester 2, you were ranked against everyone who was still in the running, and the top 120 by GPA alone would go on to sophomore year. Usually the GPA requirement was about 3.8 and higher.

If you got there, Semester 3 was where the actual nursing fun got started.

Semester 3 included Human Physiology, Interpersonal and Communication Skills for Healthcare Professionals, Human Growth and Development, another Core class, and the first real practical nursing class: Foundations of Assessment. Foundations of Assessment was where the fun began. You’ve all seen pictures of happy nursing students practicing looking into each other’s ears? That’s this class. Its where we learn to find what’s wrong with people, how to listen to heart and lung sounds, take vitals, how to do focused assessments on specific body systems and what findings meant, and how to communicate those findings to the healthcare team.

Semester 4 featured Human Genetics, Basic Pharmacology, Nutrition, another Core, and Foundations of Nursing Interventions. Interventions was where we learned how to do blood draws, use equipment, and other necessary practical parts of nursing. It was also the first class with a clinical component. Once a week for about 8 hours we’d go to a hospital with a group of 5 or 6 other students, each get a patient, and be told to take care of them. In this clinical we’d focus on patient care- hygiene, comfort, assessment skills, maybe a blood draw, foley, or IV here and there as the need arose. We weren’t on our own- the patient always had their real nurse, but sometimes we’d do (painstakingly detailed- like “looking up a patient’s liver enzymes before giving tylenol” painstaking) med passes and other care.

It was also a psychological weed-out class.

Nursing school has this way of convincing you that there are lots of other people who want your spot in the program, and that if you don’t want it a million times more, you’ll never make it. My instructor took each one of us aside independently after we’d made mistakes and told us we’d kill someone if we stayed in nursing, and that we should go home that day and see our advisors about changing our major. Going back to clinical after that day was one of the hardest things I’d ever done. And I’ve literally changed my gender.

Clinical classes were set up pretty similarly to each other- you had a 3-4 hour lecture once or twice per week, went to clinical in that class’s specialty once or twice per week, and at some point during clinical you’d pick an interesting patient and write a 15-50 page paper on them depending on how nice your clinical instructor was. That paper, no matter how long, counted for maybe 15% of your grade, but if you didn’t turn it, or literally any other part of the class in, you’d get a 0% for the class. You had 3 major tests, and if you didn’t average 73% (which, you’re laughing, but these were “NCLEX Style” tests where you’re basically trying to find the best correct answer out of 3-4 correct answers. Getting above 90% was bragging rights.), none of your other papers, homework, or simulation grades counted. If you got a 72.9% you had to re-take the course and if you got a 72.9% in another class you failed out of the program. You’d also be taking and re-taking standardized (ATI) tests on your own time to get a high enough grade in those to pass the course.

From here on, Clinical classes were broken down by populations:

Semester 5 was Nursing of Adults (with 12hr/wk clinical), Nursing of Geriatric Patients (with 12hr/wk clinical), and 2 Cores. This is the first time the semester was split down the middle and all clinical classes became 7-week classes (note the above paragraph, but now in 7 weeks instead of 15).

Semester 6 was Nursing of Parents and Newborns (12hr), Nursing of Children (12hr), Nursing Informatics (how to use EPIC 101), Biostats (I sh*t you not this was the hardest class I ever took. The final was 7 questions and took 11 hours), and an elective (unless you had a minor).

Semester 7 was Community Health Nursing (8hr), Psychiatric Nursing (8hr), Nursing Research, and another 2 electives (unless you had a minor).

Semester 8 was Professional Nursing Development (with 180 hour practicum), Nursing of the critically ill (12 hr), Integration of nursing leadership and management, and two more electives.

That’s pretty much it. If anyone else had a different experience, feel free to share!

[Patreon] [Fiverr]

[sufficientstatistic]

Existential crisis about career plans under the cut because long, rambly, and angsty

When I was a little kid, I was pretty sure I wanted to do something creative when I grew up. Not be an actual painter, since that shit’s hard and I already knew about the whole “starving artist” meme, but like architecture or graphic design or something cool.

Then I learned and fell in love with chemistry, and at that point I knew I was going into science. Partially because I loved chemistry so much, but also because my parents were always pushing me to do STEM ’cause Asian. @children of immigrants y’all know what I mean

And I knew I wanted to go to med school, too. Again, partially because of science, partially because I wanted to help people, and partially because I wanted job stability. Top-tier college + med school acceptance was the ultimate goal for a long, long time. I used to spend hours researching acceptance rates and talking about the whole HYPSM dream, and then when I didn’t get in anywhere, I came to terms with the fact that I was going to a state school (which I now love and realize was right for me). But that didn’t stop me from the next step, which was looking up average MCAT scores, planning a schedule for the next four years and filling it with biochem, anatomy, physiology, etc., etc., etc.

I started my statistics major again because my parents wanted me to. I was always p good at math, and I’d taken AP Stats and didn’t hate it, so I was like “yeah whatever I’ll keep doing this” basically just to appease them and since I vaguely knew it might be useful for the future. But then I took linear and realized I actually really enjoyed math. Math high, that moment when you finally figure out a problem or proof you’ve been struggling with for hours, is the best kind of high. You never get that feeling in the life sciences.

And lowkey I was kinda getting tired of telling people I was a stats major and them making a face and going “eww I haaaaate stats it’s sooooo boring,” so I kept going with it out of spite (mostly joking lol).

Now that I’m at this biostats REU doing data science and machine learning and all that bullshit, I think I really like it. Obviously my computer science skills are the weak link, which worries me, but I’m starting to reconsider the premed thing. A lot of statisticians here say they think their work has a huge, tangible impact on public health. Although seeing patients is great, I can’t change policy or do something really big as a doctor.

My reasons for not leaving the premed track are a lot more selfish. Meeting Boy of Interest™ (ugh I know it always comes back to him I hate him) changed the way I think in a lot of respects. He’s very solid and reassured in who he is and what he wants out of life, and I’m a very flip-floppy person whose only real identity in high school was rooted in religion. Not that that’s even a bad thing. It’s just not the case anymore.

He knows he likes learning and going to school and doing cool math-y things, but when it comes to work, he’s just not that engaged. He doesn’t care. And to him, it’s completely okay that what he wants is the easy path. Study hard, go to medical school, study harder, pass exams, become doctor who doesn’t have to interact with patients, reap the rewards. No creativity required. It’s academically challenging, obviously, but it’s just one track and all you have to do is head toward the goal.

So if that’s what I want, then that’s okay, too. He told me earlier that the two of us are very much alike; we don’t actually like to do anything, so the best choice is whatever’s easiest. Which I found hilarious but also accurate. Maybe that’s sad? High school me would have thought so, but I was more ambitious back then.

I just don’t know what to do anymore. MD? PhD? MD/PhD? Say fuck it and just do a Master’s and then go into industry? I’m scared of med school now. Getting accepted in the first place, then trying to pass my classes without getting burned out seems almost impossible. But then again, I know plenty of people who say “grad school is hell” and “don’t go into academia because it’s hell” and it’s all too overwhelming to think about asdfjkl;

[jazzypizzaz]

HEY for the writing meme: the, uh, heartrending chunk of stuff after this sentence in "The Case of The Caged Heart"? “Why are you gone? It’s inconsiderate and very frustrating,” Odo grumbles to the disc before turning back to his work. (actually any commentary you have on any part of that fic would be good, it's still one of my favs because I LOVE TO FEEL PAIN)

(fic link)

MWAHAHA okay so it’s under a cut because there’s *a lot* of heartrending (literally) stuff after that sentence and I got self-indulgent.  BUT IM SUPER PROUD OF CAUSING YOU PAIN wait that didn’t come out right uhh…. anyway….

“Why are you gone?  It’s inconsiderate and very frustrating,” Odo grumbles to the disc before turning back to his work. [the bits with him talking to the disc was meant to be a running theme, but I added most of them in afterwards, to make the build up to him smashing it more effective]

Odo has reread the same sentence about a petty theft on the third floor habitat ring several times without noticing when Dr. Bashir pokes his head in.

“I ah didn’t want to interrupt, but you said you wanted the results as soon as possible.” [poor Bashir is treading on eggshells.  he’s in Doctor mode, which is when he has better social instincts because he knows his role in the interaction, but still, he knows this is tough for Odo and doesn’t want to make it worse.]

“Yes?” Odo says eagerly, standing up.

“Well… I did all the tests I could think of– Quark had been into the infirmary quite a few times in his life, so I have a complete set of his biostats for a baseline comparison–” [Quark really does get hurt a lot doesn’t he.  why aren’t there more medical Quashir fics?  a checkup leads to ~more~] [who said that??? not me] [unethical but look at the characters it involves][um… moving on]

“And?”

“And my research came back positive.  The tissue in the disc is definitively Quark.  It’s conclusive.”

“But we don’t know about the other discs– this one could be a vestigial organ he removed beforehand or–” [I would hate to be a detective.  So much of this fic was me thinking up a) what actually happened vs b) what I wanted the characters to think happened, and thus c) how to make a) look like b)… but then stupid Odo the detective has to pick apart every tedious detail, and I have to address them somehow in the fic to make it plausible.]

“No, Odo… It’s cardiac tissue.  You have Quark’s heart.” [THIS WAS NEVER PART OF THE ORIGINAL PLAN  I was like halfway through writing this fic when it occurred to me and…. that was a sit down and think about what I’ve done type moment.  Like an “oh fuck…. can’t wait for this fic to be done and to make everyone CRY” type of moment.  Very exciting.]

“Oh.”  Odo stares blankly at Bashir, then down at the disc in his hand, not larger than a bar of latinum. “It’s so small.” [how big are those discs, how big are ferengi hearts? who knows, just go with it.] [this was another moment, in conjunction with teh one above, where I had that sit-down-and-think-about-the-delicious-angst Moment] [and anyway, why does it matter how big it is?  most people consider the brain to contain more of what makes a person a person, and would Odo who has no organs really place that much emotional importance on a blood pumper?  see this is the train of thought I chose to ignore for the greater goal of Feels.]

Bashir continues talking about all the ways the tissue sample could only have come from a dead Quark, and his calm technical monologue washes over Odo from a distance. [Bashir in doctor mode is really the best person to confront Odo with this, because any emotional or subjective data, however compelling, he’d throw out immediately]  Odo may pride himself on his persistence, but this last piece of physical evidence clicks like a key into his mind, unlocking every way he had been deluding himself from the moment Kira told him the news.  He has exhausted all possible alternatives.  

He failed.  

He failed his job, and he failed Quark. [THIS IS LIKE 90% OF WHO ODO IS!!! his job, and his weird thing with Quark.  FUCK]

“Anyway, if I were you I’d follow Kira’s, ahh, ‘advice’ and go see Ezri.” [how does bashir know about this?  who knows.  I assume the senior staff talks together in hushed whispers at how Odo is going off the rails, and what to do about it. idk]

Dr. Bashir waits for a response, but Odo doesn’t say a word, so the doctor nods as if to confirm his role is done and leaves. [I think now I would add in Bashir giving him an awkward pat on the shoulder or something.]  Odo doesn’t look up, just continues staring at Quark’s heart tissue, still and unbeating in the palm of his hand, as if willing it to shift into the full person. [i really like this line] [see…… I relate to Odo in this way, and in Jack’s fic haha, in that I don’t understand Death as a thing that happens to people??  conceptually.  like, that deep denial, and trying to convince yourself that a physical inanimate object you can hold was once an important piece of a Person…. sounds fake…. but science says it’s true??] [i don’t understand how souls take physical form, why am I encased in meat flesh who knows] [also… that whole thing about pretending you don’t have emotions, until eventually some tiny thing makes everything flood out… i know I’m pretty emotional on this website, but this is High Key Relatable irl lol]

[rprogrammingassignmenthelp-blog]

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[sapanas]

Bioidentical Hormones Market 2019 Analytical Overview, Comprehensive Analysis, Segmentation, Competitive Landscape And Industry Poised For Rapid Growth By 2023

Global bioidentical hormones market is expected to reach USD 400 million by 2023, and the market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2 % during the forecast period 2017-2023.

Bioidentical Hormones Market Overview

Bioidentical hormones although are created in a lab they are very similar to the hormones produced by the human body.  Hence, they can be defined as man-made hormones. These hormones are customized as per the prescription or are compounded by a pharmacist, based on the doctor’s demand.

Bioidentical hormones are then used as a treatment for people whose own hormones are imbalanced. Bioidentical hormones just as hormones produced by the human body can control almost all tasks in the body including sex and brain function, growth and the breakdown of food, etc.

Hormonal imbalance can cause increased risks including low energy, weight gain, muscle atrophy, hair loss, depression, anxiety, mood swings, trouble sleeping, and hot/ cold flashes & night sweats for women who are going through their menopause.

People witnessing these symptoms are prescribed with the hormone-replacement therapy where the provider first talks with the patients and asks them to undergo a blood test to determine the specific symptoms and then orders the test.

Get Free PDF Sample Of Bioidentical Hormones Market Research Report- Global Forecast till 2023 @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/4187

Unlike, the synthetic hormones, bio-identical hormones do not create any cause side effects and increased risks. These hormones rarely have side effects and, if they do, the provider might need to adjust the dosage. As a result, bio-identical hormones are preferred widely.

Increasing prevalence of hormonal changes or imbalance in hormones led by the sedentary lifestyle, lack of nutrition, and the aging drives the market for bioidentical hormones, creating a huge demand.  Resultantly, the bioidentical hormones market garners huge demand, uptake, and hence the colossal growth on the global platform.

Recognizing the kind of the growth, the market witnesses today, an eminent research firm, Market Research Future (MRFR) in its recently published study report confirms that the global bioidentical hormones market will reach USD 400 MN, registering approximately 5.2 % CAGR during the forecast period (2017-2023).

Additional factors substantiating the market growth include the environmental changes, increasing industrialization and urbanization. Improving economic conditions are certainly providing a vast impetus to the market growth, availing the quality healthcare.

On the other hand, factors such as the demand and supply gap of feedstock required in the production of these hormones are estimated to obstruct the market growth over the forecast period, increasing their prices unreasonably.

Bioidentical Hormones Global Market – Segmentations

MRFR has segmented the report into four key dynamics for an easy grasp;

By Types : Estrogens, Progesterone, and Testosterone among others.

By Product Types: Tablets & Capsules, Creams & Gels, Injectable, and Patches & Implants among others.

By End-Users: Hospitals & Gynecology Clinics, Academic and Research among others.

By Regions: Europe, North America, APAC and the Rest-of-the-World.

Global Bioidentical Hormones Market – Regional Analysis

The North American region dominates the global bioidentical hormones market, in terms of both market size as well as revenue. The extensive use of medications and high expenditure on health care majorly lead the market growth in the region.  Besides, factors such as the fastest uptake of new drugs alongside the presence of major research companies drive the bioidentical hormones market in the region.

The European region accounts for the second-largest market in the world due to high per capita income and healthcare expenditures. A well-developed healthcare sector along with the resurging economy in the region substantiates the market growth of bioidentical hormones in the region. Some of the European countries such as the U.K, Germany, and France boost the market growth in this region.

The Asia Pacific region accounts for a promising market for bioidentical hormones, closely following the European market. Factors such as the ever-increasing population encourage the use to bioidentical hormones, creating a significant demand for healthcare. China and India backed by their respective, fast-growing healthcare sector will be leading the APAC bioidentical hormones market.

Global Bioidentical Hormones Market – Competitive Analysis

Highly competitive bioidentical hormones market appears fragmented due to the presence of several large and small-scale players. Producers compete based upon price and brand, emphasizing upon new product development initiatives, and geographical expansion. Matured players incorporate acquisition, collaboration, partnership, expansion, and technology launch in order to gain a competitive advantage and thus to maintain their positions in this market.

Key Players:

Some of the eminent leaders of the market include BioTE Medical, SottoPelle, Advantage Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Neuva Aesthetics, Full Life Wellness Center, Defy Medical, and Biostation.

Industry/ Innovation/ Related News:

October 29, 2018 – TherapeuticsMD Inc. (US) a leading global Pharmaceutical company announced receiving its third FDA approval of the year, Bijuva, a menopause remedy that combines two bioidentical hormones.

Bijuva, an oral soft gel that contains ingredients are artificially produced but chemically identical to hormones made naturally by women's bodies such as estradiol and progesterone which are commonly used in hormone therapies to treat menopause symptoms such as hot/cold flashes. The company is now all geared up to launch first-ever bioidentical hormone combo Bijuva.

Browse the market data and information spread across 80 pages with data tables and figures of the report “Bioidentical Hormones Market Information: By Types (Estrogens, Progesterone, Testosterone, others) By Product Types (Tablets and Capsules, Creams and Gels, Injectable, Patches and Implants, and others) By End Users - Global Forecast Till 2023” in-depth alongside table of content (TOC) at:  https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/bioidentical-hormones-market-4187

[adsalindri]

Another day another departure

I felt so vulnerable now that another good friend is leaving Atlanta to pursue her post-doctoral fellowship. I feel like everybody is leaving and I will be here all by myself in the next couple of years. 

And this Wednesday syndrome just got me really bad. Taking advanced research methods and biostat1 in the same semester is definitely not a good idea. And it is even worse that I have to take both classes all in the same day. They should give us first year students some sort of warning about these classes. Now I am really questioning my decision to go through this torture called “PhD program”. And I don’t even know what my grade for Biostat’s homework #2 would be like. I know it would be miserable. But anyway... it’s not like I can turn back the time.