#not even sufficient Nobel Prize!!

[capulated-canthea]

obsessed with this comment i found on a video about a machine that keeps human hearts beating

[prove-it-or-lose-it]

How to identify a braindead take without dissecting it and engaging directly with it: see that it starts with "(x group of people) always..." then dismiss it. But since we're doing skepticism for fun, let's dissect anyway.

Atheism is a label based on someone's position on one very specific subject. Atheists don't believe gods exist. Within that label there are all kinds of subcategories that a person might fall into, but if all you know is that someone is an atheist, then all you know is that they don't believe in god.

I'd like to know how this person thinks they can extrapolate based on that one piece of information what sort of cognitive processes that person (or an entire group of people, in this case) uses to arrive at any given conclusion.

Logic is not math, so I don't understand the parenthetical addition there. Math relies on the laws of logic, but the two can't be considered the same. And I've seen plenty of atheists utterly fail at applying logic in many spectacularly stupid ways, just as I see with many believers. Nor do I, being a skeptic first and an atheist second, think that logic is necessarily the only path to truth. But it is a damn good one and if applied correctly I don't see how it could ever fail you, unlike faith, which has no explanatory power at all. If you think you can defeat the laws of logic I'm excited to see you win your Nobel prize!

Any physicists reading? I'd like to understand what this person means by "the interrelationship between pure energy and our material world." My very basic layman's understanding of energy is that it is the measurement of the potential to do work. And although immaterial itself, its effects on or within the material are pretty clearly understood through logical processes that guide mathematics and the scientific method. I'm not sure what disadvantage I've got by not appealing to some ethereal, intangible plane to imply some deeper meaning. Please help me see where I'm wrong there!

And lastly, I'm not really all that prideful, nor do I even come close to thinking I've "gotten it all figured out" by any stretch of the imagination. What I love about my epistemology now, as opposed to when I used to accept beliefs without sufficient evidence, is that discovering I'm wrong about something is EXCITING! I learn new information and my worldview changes as a result, rather than stagnating in the rigidity of thought-stopping ideologies that put all of the inner workings of the universe in the hands of a magical, unseen wizard.

[petervintonjr]

Meet the unsung contributor to revolutionary breakthroughs in treating polio, cancer, HPV, and even COVID-19: Henrietta Lacks. Born in 1920 Roanoke, Virginia, Henrietta's mother Eliza died when she was only four, and she was ultimately raised by her maternal grandfather in Clover, Virginia. Henrietta worked as a tobacco farmer and attended a segregated school until the age of 14, when she gave birth to a son, Lawrence. A daughter, Elsie, was born three years later --to compound the family's difficulties, Elsie had cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Henrietta and her now-husband David Lacks moved to Turner Station (now Dundalk), Maryland where David had landed a job with a nearby steel plant. At the time Turner Station was one of the oldest African-American communities in Baltimore County and there was sufficient community support for the family to buy a house and produce three more children.

In 1951 at the age of 31, Henrietta died at Johns Hopkins Hospital of cervical cancer, mere months after the birth of the family's youngest son. But before her death --and without her or her family's consent-- during a biopsy two tumour cell samples were taken from Henrietta's cervix and sent to Johns Hopkins researchers. Hernietta's cells carried a unique trait: an ability to rapidly multiply, producing a new generation every 24 hours; a breakthrough that no other human cell had achieved. Prior to this discovery, only cells that had been transformed by viruses or genetic mutations carried such a characteristic. With the prospect of now being able to work with what amounted to the first-ever naturally-occurring immortal human cells, researchers created a patent on the HeLa cell line but hid the donor's true identity under a fake name: Helen Lane.

It is no exaggeration to state that in the 70 years since her death, Henrietta's cells have been bought, sold, packaged, and shipped by thousands of laboratories; with her cells being used as a baseline in as many as 74,000 different studies (including some Nobel Prize winners). Her cells have even been sent into space to study the effects of microgravity, and were instrumental in the Human Genome Project. While no actual law (or even a code of ethics) necessarily required doctors to ask permission before taking tissue from a terminal patient, there was a very clear Maryland state law on the books that forbade tissue removal from the dead without permission, throwing the situation into something of a legal grey area. However because Henrietta was poor, minimally educated, and Black, this standard was quietly (and easily) circumvented and she was never recognized for her monumental contributions to science and medicine ...and her family was never compensated. The family remained unaware of Henrietta's contribution until 1975, when the HeLa line's provenance finally became public. Henrietta had been buried in an unmarked grave in the family cemetery in Clover, Virginia but in 2010 a new headstone was donated and dedicated, acknowledging her phenomenal contribution. That same year the John Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research established a new Henrietta Lacks Memorial lecture series. A statue of Lacks was commissioned in 2022, to be erected in Lacks's birthplace of Roanoke, Virginia --pointedly replacing a previous statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee, which had been removed following nationwide protests over the murder of George Floyd.

Dive into The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot, originally published in 2011 and subsequently adapted into an HBO movie in 2017, starring Oprah Winfrey as Henrietta's daughter Deborah and Renee Elise Goldberry as Henrietta. (And yes, this book has been challenged and banned in more than one school district.)

[itsgerges]

Best Greetings

The idea tells (Venus Rotation Period was = Venus Orbit Period=243 days) is a proved fact by the planets data-

please read

Physics Nobel Prize For Imaginary Ideas!

or

Let's summarize the idea with its proof in following

(1)

Venus rotation period was= Venus orbital period =243 days– that caused the planet diameter Equation Factor (s) to be equal = (1) for Venus motion- by that the planet diameter equation (my fourth equation) depended on Venus motion to define each planet diameter – by that- each planet diameter was defined based on Venus motion

(2)

Later a great event is occurred and caused to decrease Venus orbital period to be 224.7 days– that caused the planet diameter (factor (s) to be NOT equal = (1)) and that made Venus motion useless for the planet diameter equation- means the equation no longer can depend on Venus motion because Venus rotation period NO longer is equal = Venus orbital period=243 days

As a result

Venus motion has effect on the Earth moon motion and forced it to make The moon rotation period= its orbital period =27.3 days– that enables the planet diameter equation factor (s) be = 1 and the equation uses the moon motion in place of Venus motion- that explains the moon periods equality isn't produced by any tidal locking but by Venus motion effect on the moon motion.

Notice- (1) This analysis proves the planet diameter creation is not a historical process- spite all planets diameters are defined and created depending on Venus motion but when Venus rotation period be NOT = Venus orbital period this event put all planets created diameters in risk and they would be destroyed but because the moon orbital period be = the moon rotation period=27.3 days that makes the planet diameter equation factor (s) be = 1 and by that the equation can still work sufficiently and protect all planets created diameters.

Notice- (2) the previous analysis shows the matter dimensions depend on the motion features- as proved by the planet diameter equation- shortly- the matter is similar to a muscle in a creature – the muscle is seen as a rock but it depends on the blood motion and if the blood motion changes the muscle dimensions will be changed- that's why the planet diameter equation factor (s) needs to be equal (1) still even after all planets diameters creation

(3)

Can This Idea Be Proved? Yes the data proves that – because

243 days (Venus rotation period) = 1.0725 x 224.7 days (Venus orbital period)

The rate (1.0725) has effect on 40% of all planets data- means- this was NOT an event related to Venus motion but it was an event effect on all planets in the solar system- let's see the data in following

DATA No. (1) 

(243/224.7) = (29.53/27.3) = (27.3/25.4)= 1.0725 –where

243 and 224.7 days are Venus rotation and orbital periods,

29.5 and 27.3 days are The moon rotation and day periods,

25.4 days is The Sun Rotation Period (At Equator)       

DATA No. (2) 

(778.6/721)=(721/670)= (670/629)=(1433/1325)=(1284/1205)= (2872/2644)= 1.0725

These are distances in millions km–

778.6, 721, 670 and 629 are the distances between Jupiter and the Sun, Mercury, Venus and the Earth respectively.

1433, 1325, 1284, 1025 are the distances between Saturn and the sun, Venus, the Earth and Mars respectively.

2872 and 2644 are the distances between Uranus and the sun and Mars respectively.

DATA No. (3) 

(28.3/26.7)=(26.7/25.2)= (25.2/23.4)=(122.5/113.4)=(97.8/91.3)= 1.0725

The values (28.3 degrees, 26.7 degrees, 25.2 degrees, 23.4 degrees) are the axial tilts of (Neptune, Saturn, Mars and the Earth)  respectively –

The values (122.5 degrees, 97.8 degrees) are the axial tilts of Pluto and Uranus

Around (40%) of all data in the solar system are rated with the rate (1.0725)

The event (1.0725) was a general event has effect on the whole solar system

(2)

What's the event caused to create the rate (1.0725)?

It’s Lorentz Length Contraction Effect– shortly– there are relativistic effects in the solar system-

The velocity (297000 km/s= 99% of speed of light) created relativistic effects – and this velocity creates Lorentz length contraction with rate 7.1

This rate is used by the solar system in a modified form (1 + 7.1/100) = 1.0725   

Means- the rate 1.0725 is produced by Lorentz length contraction effect

Understandable–the rate (1.0725) is created after the planets data creation and by that its effect is seen as a new effect on the working data- by that- Venus orbital period was equal = Venus rotation period =243 days but the rate (1.0725) has an effect on the orbital period and caused to decrease it to be (224.7 days) and by that the two cycles be NOT equal.

The Earth moon data is not saved from the rate (1.0725)- on the contrary-

(29.53/27.3)b =1.0725- means- the moon day period was equal the moon rotation period and equal the moon orbital period – but the two cycles are effected by the rate (1.0725) and they are decreased to be (27.3 days) but they are still equal after the decreasing.

(3)

The next question asks (how can relativistic effects be found in the solar system)

(a new article) This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

this is a new article – it tells the gravitational waves which are discovered in the space can move by high velocity motion and can produce a light beam – this motion can be the reason of the relativistic effects in the solar system 

Notice – I refuse to name the waves as (gravitational waves) – this is wrong idea – the discovered waves in the space are NOT produced by any gravitational field – on the contrary- they are produced by the planets motions energies-

I accept all data in this article except this one only – the waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field if it's found at all.

I prove this fact in point no. (**)

Thanks a lot

Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292

Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow

ORCID       https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147

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Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile

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[saltwaterandstars]

Ask Game: 🍪🙃🥤🦖

Thank you for asking :-)

🍪 If you were a cookie, what kind would you be? Well, thinking about uk biscuits (as I often do!) I think I'd be something old and unfashionable but that I'm quite fond of, like a custard cream!

🙃What’s a weird fact that you know? Have some cool chemistry facts. I know that Marguerite Perey discovered the chemical element Francium while working as a lab assistant for Maria Skłodowska-Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, and André-Louis Debierne. Neither of them knew she was working for the other one. She didn't have a chemistry degree at the time and couldn't even submit her work under her own name for publication initially. Discovering an element would typically be sufficient to be awarded a doctorate or even a nobel prize but she had to start at the beginning and study for a bachelor's degree at the Sorbonne, before she could get a doctorate. She wanted to call Francium Catium but was advised not to because english speakers might think it had something to do with cats!

🥤What’s your go-to Starbucks order? I was hoping someone would pick this one because I think it's hilarious - I don't think I've ever bought a drink from a starbucks?! This is down to a combination of factors - I live somewhere where there isn't a starbucks, I'm not much of a hot drinks kind of person and tend to just carry a bottle of water around with me, and I like to support small, local businesses. So, all that said, if I go to a cafe and have a drink, I'd probably have a green tea or an oat milk hot chocolate.

🦖Favorite extinct animal? Woolly mammoths!

[univerthityoftekthath]

Diplomatic Skills 28

François de Callières, advisor to Louis XIII

Forgot beginning, paid not attention to middle, and nothing about it gave pleasure except the end— so, do not be verbose

17. Avoid emotions

— emotions show your weakness

— All that counts is the strength of your arguments

— emotions are irrelevant, they have no place in negotiation

— be cool. (now I understand the meaning of the word)

18. Always have a smile

— particularly after having made your statement, it shows self-confidence

— nothing is more demoralising for a nervous opponent than seeing you in full control

— a smile can confuse bad guys and bring out their stupidity

— smile= power

Compromise

The ultimate aim of negotiation is an agreement among the parties, it will almost always be a compromise.

Parties very rarely achieve what is first in their list of priorities— it is the very nature of negotiation that parties will gave to settle for less than what they aspired for

If we are lucky, the compromises we settle on are our second-best choices if even that, often not even that

Diplomacy— reality

Bertrand Russell: real life is a perpetual compromise between the ideal and the possible to most people

In diplomacy, the spirit of compromise is best summed up with the idea of the second best

Reaching an agreement in negotiation is achieved by cooperation.

The compromise is where conflicting/competing interests meet

Although we may not like the compromise, the alternative is no agreement and this is much worse

This is why we cooperate in the first place!!

However, during trying to reach an agreement we are in competition— defending our interests against our opponent’s, maximising our own advantage, getting the upper hand in the contest.

Too much competition leads to non-cooperation

how cooperation and competition interact:

in earlier game, it was about the acceptability of an offer £10, interest in making an offer opponent would not reject. Difference in bargaining game: no longer a proposer (one person making the offer to the other). Now, there are simply two agents, they have an opportunity (to divide £10 between them), they give their demand (in a sealed envelope), if the share of both when combined exceeds the original (£10), both end up with nothing, if not they get what they demanded.

Your demand risks causing you to get nothing rather than something

You cannot know or really be certain what the other player will demand! That us also true for the other player, they do not know what you will demand. So, how di rational people solve the problem/game?

John Nash— Nobel prize for game theory

There is just one rational way of solving it, of dividing the £10=

Rational agents will always…

Both players will agree to divide amount so as to maximise both the shares

5 & 5, or 4 & 6, 3 & 7, ….

= there is only one unique best way to divide the amount and sufficiently rational players will find this solution, if all the players are sufficiently rational

In other words, there is a unique best way to agree, to reach a win-win, a compromise

If the parties undercompete, eg. one demands £4 and the other demands £6, they still reach an agreement but it is not the best, it is lose-win, not win-win

If the parties overcompete, eg. one asks for £6 and the other asks for £5, it’s lose-lose, both get nothing

So, you see, compromise is where competition and cooperation meet

[mjcsdy]

weight loss and cancer - cancer and dementia

Henrietta's Cells and the Mystery of Cancer

The 1950s in the United States was a period of intense racial discrimination. At that time, Johns Hopkins Hospital in Maryland was the only hospital that treated poor African Americans. In February 1951, a woman named Henrietta, a black woman in her 30s, visited Johns Hopkins Hospital. She had come for an examination because she had blood stains on her panties. The doctor discovered a tumor in her uterus and took a sample for testing. The test results revealed a malignant tumor, and Henrietta was diagnosed with cervical cancer. She passed away just three months later due to cancer. However, the cancer cells sampled from her did not die. Typically, cancer cells die within 3-4 days in a test tube, but these cancer cells continued to grow. The hospital named these immortal cancer cells "HeLa cells" after Henrietta.

History and Contributions of HeLa Cells

Although HeLa cells are cancer cells, their unique properties have been utilized in various medical research endeavors. Numerous cell lines derived from these cells have been essential tools in medical research. As a result, HeLa cells have led to various medical advancements, including the polio vaccine. The contributions of HeLa cells have been endless, resulting in over 11,000 patents and more than 70,000 research papers. This led to two scientists receiving the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

Cancer Growth and Human Health

Cancer cells require a large amount of nutrients during rapid proliferation. Typically, the body receives nutrients through blood vessels. However, if blood vessels do not enlarge sufficiently as cancer cells attempt to grow, their growth rate may decrease. In such cases, cancer cells may form new blood vessels to obtain more nutrients. Cancer can occur anywhere there are cells, but it primarily arises in areas with high growth rates. For example, brain tumors primarily occur in children because the brain mainly grows during childhood. Therefore, when young people develop cancer, cancer cells also grow rapidly, leading to a higher mortality rate. Conversely, cancer grows more slowly in older individuals due to slower growth rates. Thus, even with the same cancer, older individuals may have longer survival periods. Chemotherapy typically targets rapidly proliferating cancer cells. As a result, hair follicles may also be considered cancer cells, leading to hair loss. Cancer cells consume tremendous amounts of nutrients, so unexpected weight loss is one of the early symptoms. Therefore, it is advisable to seek medical attention if unexpected weight loss occurs.

Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer is a major cause of death in developed countries. However, in many cases, cancer can be prevented through early detection and proper treatment. Additionally, various methods exist for cancer treatment, with chemotherapy playing a crucial role in suppressing the rapid growth of cancer cells. However, caution is needed as chemotherapy may also affect normal cells.

Relationship Between Cancer and Dementia

There is an interesting connection between cancer and dementia. Research has shown that if one occurs, the probability of the other occurring decreases. This result was obtained from a study conducted over eight years with approximately 3,000 patients aged 65 and older. However, the exact reason for this remains unclear. Some researchers suggest a connection between dementia, a neurodegenerative disease, and the proliferation of cancer cells. This research is still in its early stages and requires further investigation.

Conclusion

Discoveries like HeLa cells demonstrate the potential to revolutionize medicine and science. While there is still much research needed to understand and prevent cancer's growth mechanisms, such research is expected to have a positive impact on human health and welfare. Efforts to understand the relationship between cancer and dementia and to prevent and treat both diseases should continue.

reference :

[allinlist]

National DNA Day

Every April 25 of every year since 2003, the biologists, genetics enthusiasts and scientists come together to witness the National DNA Day, observing the discovery and the research of DNA and the methodical advancements that assist to make a progress possible. It is yearly organized by Human Genome Researches Institute the National DNA Day encouraged the people to discover more about science that will make them genetically unique.

NATIONAL DNA DAY HISTORY

On 25th of April 1953, James Dewey Watson, a molecular biologist had academic paper presenting the DNA’s double-helix structures were published in scientific journal, Nature. After nine years, the three scientists had been awarded with a Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for unearthing a molecular structure of the nucleic acids and the significance for genetic data transfer in human beings.

On 14th of April, 2003, Human Genome Project, the international scientific researching project with the aim of verifying the base pairs which will make up the human DNA and recognizing all genes of human genome, had been completely declared. The project lasted in 13 years, finished for two years ahead from the schedule, and was funded publicly by the government of U.S. It initially set to chart the nucleotides enclosed in the human haploid genome, however, the scientists then realized that genome of any given person is totally unique, so mapping a human genome will involved mapping a DNA of the small number of people and piecing them all as on to make the total sequence for every individual chromosome. It means that the total human genome is even more-so a medley instead of a representative of any individual.

Following the finished point of a Human Genome Project, equally the House of the Representatives and the Senate proclaimed 25th of April, 2003, a DNA Day and then April as the Human Genome Month. This day marked the 50 years since Wilkins, Watson, and Crick academic paper had been published and this month itself had been considered significant in the genome discovery. But, they only state it just a one-time festive rather than a yearly holiday. Since then, the National DNA Day event and celebrations had been hosted by National Human Genome Researches Institute just in order to promote further research and also to celebrate and to continue acknowledge every hard work that had been dedicated to this DNA study.

TIMELINE OF NATIONAL DNA DAY

1953 (April 25) - Important Day for DNA

Biologists James Watson, Maurice Wilkins and Francis Crick published their findings of DNA.

1989 - NHGRI Starts It's Work

This National Human Genome Researches Institute starts carrying out the task of NIH in Human Genome Project.

2003 (April 14) - Mapping Human Genome

This Human Genome Project settled the research project from two years before the schedule.

2003 (April 25) - 50 Years from the Discovery

Both the House of the Representatives and the Senate declared April 25 to be a DNA Day, and this April month as Human Genome Month.

STATS OF NATIONAL DNA DAY

25% genetically similar – Normally, siblings who shares with similar father and mother — excluding identical twins — appeared to be 25% heritably identical and 50% as half identical. This takes place because every child gets 50% from the genetic makeup from the father and 50% from the mother, meaning 25% from both of them has the possibility to be heritably identical whereas the other 50% will be a slightly diverse genetic pattern passed to every child.

90% exclusive third cousin – There’s a 90% probability that the third cousin will share sufficient DNA for the connection to be detected however, only about 50% chance that you’ll share sufficient DNA with the fourth cousin for a relationship to become identified. It is since a random way that the autosomal DNA is being inherited, causing the fourth, third and more distant cousin to not essentially have any visible half-identical regions.

In between 25,000 and 20,000 genes –Human Genome Project expected that human beings have between 25,000 and 20,000 genes; but genes don’t code for protein. In human beings, genes differ in size from the hundred DNA bases up to over 2 million bases. Each person has two duplicates of every gene, one passed from each parent. Nearly all genes are similar in all individuals but less than a percent of the populace genes are slightly diverse. Alleles are outlines of the similar gene with small disparities in their sequences of DNA bases, and making up little differences to each individual’s unique physical features.

FAQS FOR NATIONAL DNA DAY

What is DNA stand for?

The DNA stand for an acronym of deoxyribonucleic acid and that is the molecule that contains the genetic codes of organisms.

Why is April named after Human Genome Month?

During 2003, the House of Representatives and the Senate declared April to be Human Genome Month since this is the month which marked the achievement of Human Genome Project and also the month wherein the biologists Wilkins, Watson, and Crick published their findings about DNA’s double-helix structures 50 years prior.

When was the initial National DNA Day?

The National DNA Day had been initially celebrated on 25th of April, 2003, 50 years right after the DNA’s double-helix structure discovery.

HOW TO SURVEY THE NATIONAL DNA DAY

Take the DNA test – Because of the scientific breakthroughs of Wilkins, Watson, and Crick and the HGP, we now have codes like “23 and Me” and Ancestry” just in order to chase your family history by the use of DNA. Fulfill your interest and discover more about your family and yourself by investing in the DNA testing.

Participate in the local event - National Human Genome Researches Institute hosted a yearly National DNA Day Event. If you would like to attend in a local event, or you want to host an event for your city or for your family, check out the events page of the National DNA Day.

Have an exposed conversation with the family - The easiest means of learning about your genetic record, with some extra allegorical context, is by the stories you can gain from your family members. Although family stories are usually like a decade long game of phones, where some facts may not be totally accurate, there is that sense of pride which will come from hearing those stories that will lead to your existence now.

WHY TEH NATIONAL DNA DAY BECAME IMPORTANT?

It recognizes advancements in the scientific discovery.

Since Aristotle days, the known Father of Biology, the scientists had been studying living things and contributing in the genetic discovery that had been published in 1953 that keeps on today. On the National DNA Day, people recognized the efforts that direct us to the facts we have today and the constant researches that will lead in the discoveries of our tomorrow.

It supports people to discover more about the genetic history.

The researches that lead to National DNA Day celebration is the science which brings us closer with our roots. The day feeds that meaning of belonging through encouraging us in taking the dive in learning more regarding where we really come from and who we are.

It is the day where the people can discover more about genomics and genetics.

From genetic history up to the gene editing, there are lots of things to discover when it is about the function and the structure of genomes. During the National DNA Day, people is being encouraged to have an access to every and any available facts to discover more regarding genetic makeup and about the molecular biology of every living thing.

[honeyleesblog]

AUGUST 29 ZODIAC

Personality and horoscope for people born on July 29 They are self-sufficient and tolerant. They like deadly implements, war organizations, and amazing environmental elements. Sure, glad, pompous individuals, with an adoration for the military: they are excited about gallant deeds, valiance, outfitted battle, sports, and so forth. They are stubborn, persistent, and do not give in to arguments. Aggressive: They are not afraid to fight, duke it out, or go to war with their enemies. They capably contend, consistently prepared to strike, without stressing a lot over risk or outcomes. Because they are able to combine practical materialism, philosophical insight, and spirituality into a harmonious "whole," people who were born on this day have the potential to positively influence humanity, inspiring their surroundings, and lending them moral strength. This enables them to skillfully direct public appearances and influence public opinion. They can have a significant impact on their environment and exhibit great inner power when they mature spiritually through solitude. Somebody conceived today draws in individuals to assemble around him, as he assumes the part of a sun encompassed via planets. Typically, these individuals have a special purpose in the world. At the point when they are not excessively hindered by their experience and climate, they will make progress as pioneers and acknowledgment of their psychological capacities and moral, maybe even actual strength. They will find true success in military help, as well as in any calling that requires boldness and strength. What compromises them: They may be vulnerable to fateful reversals because of their overconfidence. Zodiac sign for those brought into the world on July 29 Assuming that your birthday is July 29, your zodiac sign is Leo July 29 - character and character character: mindful, earnest, sympathetic, curious, requesting, fanciful calling: Colors for locksmith, carpenter, and hairdresser: pink, silver, and ruby: Cat-eyed creature: plant with penguins: Larkspur bloom fortunate numbers: 15,28,31,39,53,54 very fortunate number: 14 AUGUST 29 ZODIAC 

 St Nick Marta de Tormes (Salamanca), a neighborhood celebration committed to St Nick Marta.

In most cases, it occurs during the summer "Festa Major" in Parets del Valles, which is in Barcelona. St Nick Marta de Ortigueira (A Coruna), nearby celebration committed to Santa Clause Marta. Global Tiger Day (in English Wikipedia) July 29 Big name birthday celebrations. Who was born on your birthday? 1900: Nobel Prize in Literature winner Eyvind Johnson, a Swedish novelist who passed away in 1976. 1900: American musician Don Redman died in 1964. 1902: Chilean soccer player David Arellano passed away in 1927. 1904: Argentine politician Ricardo Balbn, who died in 1981: American actress Clara Bow died in 1965. 1905: Dag Hammarskjდ¶ld, Swedish lawmaker, Nobel Harmony Prize victor in 1961 (d. 1961). 1905: American actress Thelma Todd died in 1935. 1905: Stanley Kunitz (en), American artist (d. 2006). 1906: French fashion editor Diana Vreeland (en), who died in 1989, 1906: Juan Aparicio Lდ³pez, Spanish columnist (d. 1987). 1907: Melvin Belli (en), an American actor and jurist who passed away in 1996, 1913: Nazi war criminal Erich Priebke, who died in 2013, 1914: American comedian Irwin Corey (in). 1916: American guitarist Charlie Christian passed away in 1942. 1916: Budd Boetticher, American producer (d. 2001). 1918: Edwin O'Connor (in), American author (d. 1968). 1920: Mexican actor Rodolfo Acosta died in 1974. 1921: Richard Egan, American entertainer (d. 1987). 1923: American actor Gordon Mitchell (born 2003). 1923: Jim Marshall, English finance manager (d. 2012). 1924: Lloyd Bochner, Canadian entertainer (d. 2005). 1924: Robert Horton (entertainer) (in), American entertainer. 1925: Greek intellectual and composer Mikis Theodorakis. 1927: Harry Mulisch, a Dutch author who died in 2010, 1928: Alberto Oliart, previous Spanish priest. 1929: Jean Baudrillard, French social scientist (d. 2007). 1929: Mikel Scicluna, Maltese expert grappler (d. 2010). 1930: Paul Taylor, American choreographer. 1930: Spanish author and educator Manuel Mantero 1931: Chilean journalist and narrator Jorge Edwards 1932: Argentine cardiologist Luis de la Fuente 1933: American actor Robert Fuller 1934: Octavio Arizmendi Posada, Colombian legislator (d. 2004). 1935: Mezzo-soprano Morella Munoz, from Venezuela (born in 1995), 1935: German tenor Peter Schreier. 1935: American keyboardist for REO Speedwagon, Neal Doughty. 1936: Actor Gi3vine, from Argentina. 1937: Daniel McFadden, American business analyst. 1937: Prime Minister of Japan Ryutaro Hashimoto, who passed away in 2006 1938: Anchor of the Canadian news, Peter Jennings. 1939: Terele Pvez, an actress from Spain. 1941: British actor David Warner 1942: The American actor Tony Sirico 1943: Hctor Luis Ayala, an Argentine folk music singer-songwriter and guitarist who belonged to the band Vivencia and passed away in 2016, 1943: Germany's Michael Holm, a singer. 1943: Spanish footballer Antoni Torres was born in 2003. 1946: Ximena Armas, Chilean painter. 1946: British actress Diane Keen (in) 1949: American actress Leslie Easterbrook 1949: Jamil Mahuad is the president of Ecuador. 1950: Galician nationalist politician and historian Encarna Otero Cepeda. 1951: Spanish socialist politician Cristina Narbona 1951: American novelist, composer, director, and composer Dean Pitchford (in). 1953: American filmmaker Ken Burns 1953: Rush's Canadian singer-songwriter Geddy Lee. 1953: American singer Patti Scialfa 1955: Dave Stevens (en), American artist. 1955: French actor Jean-Hugues Anglade (fr). 1956: Henry Zakka, Venezuelan entertainer. 1957: Ulrich Tukur, German entertainer. 1957: Nellie Kim, Russian tumbler. 1957: Soprano Alessandra Marc (in), an American 1957: Spanish band Radio Futura guitarist Enrique Sierra (born in 2012). 1958: Solveig Dommartin, French entertainer (d. 2007). 1958: JAF is an Argentine musician named Juan Antonio Ferreyra. 1959: Gilda Butta, Italian musician. 1959: Dutch artist Ruud Janssen 1959: British guitarist for Whitesnake and Thin Lizzy, John Sykes. 1962: Argentine novelist and mathematician Guillermo Martinez. 1962: DJ Carl Cox is from Barbados. 1963: Israeli driver Chanoch Nissany in Formula One 1963: British soccer referee Graham Poll 1963: Alexandra Paul, American entertainer. 1965: Author Chang-Rae Lee (in), from South Korea. 1965: Dean Haglund (en), an actor from Canada. 1966: Argentine journalist and LGBT activist Marta Dillon. 1966: Sally Gunnell, English Olympian. 1966: Richard Steven Horvitz, American voice entertainer. 1966: American singer Martina McBride 1966: Spanish professional basketball player Juan Antonio Orenga 1968: The Finnish cellist for the band Apocalyptica, Paavo Länen. 1968: Vicente Barrera, Spanish matador. 1969: Adele Stevens, English pornography model and entertainer. 1971: American actress Monica Calhoun (pictured), 1971: Singer Lisa Ekdahl from Sweden 1972: The American actor Wil Wheaton 1973: Wanya Morris, American artist, of the band Boyz II Men. 1973: Stephen Dorff, American entertainer. 1974: Josh Radnor, American entertainer. 1975: Corrado Grabbi, Italian footballer. 1979: Ronald Murray, American b-ball player. 1979: Footballer from Tunisia named Karim Essediri 1980: Chilean tennis player Fernando Gonzales 1980: The American actress Rachel Miner 1981: Fernando Alonso, a Spanish driver in Formula One. 1981: Andrდ©s Madrid, Argentine soccer player. 1982: American actress Allison Mack 1982: (Janez Aljani) en), a footballer from Slovenia. 1982: Jnatas Domingos, a soccer player from Brazil. 1984: Juan Carlos Flores, Mexican entertainer. 1984: Gymnast from Ukraine named Anna Bessonova. 1984: Wilson Palacios, Honduran soccer player. 1985: Jonathan Maidana, Argentine footballer. 1987: Sabra Johnson (in), American artist. 1989: Julio Furch, Argentine footballer. 1989: Voice actress from Japan named Narumi Takahira. 1990: Matt Prokop, American entertainer. 1991: American actress Miki Ishikawa 1991: Paulina Goto, Mexican entertainer and artist 1991: Orlando Ortega, an athlete from Spain in 1995: Mara Jos Alvarado, a model from Honduras. Miss World Honduras 2014 (f. 2014).

[mariacallous]

What is deposit insurance?

Deposit insurance is the government’s guarantee that an account holder’s money at an insured bank is safe up to a certain amount, currently $250,000 per account. Deposit insurance is provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), a government agency that collects fees – insurance premiums – from banks. The FDIC is overseen by a five-member board – three nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, plus the Comptroller of the Currency and the director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

Deposit insurance, created during the Great Depression in 1933, has sharply reduced the frequency of bank runs that once were common in the U.S. As former Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke explained in his 2022 Nobel Prize speech, about 40% of all U.S. banks disappeared between 1929 and 1933: “They failed, closed, or were absorbed by other banks. That happened because there were massive runs, bank runs, where people lost confidence in the banks and pulled out their money…The ones that were closed couldn’t make loans, obviously, and the ones that survived became extremely cautious being very reluctant to make loans.”

“Shortly after [Franklin Delano Roosevelt] became president, he called a bank holiday and all the banks had to shut down, and he promised the American public that they wouldn’t open up until the government had inspected them and was confident that they were in viable condition. And then the Congress passed deposit insurance, so that small depositors would be guaranteed that even if their bank failed, the government would pay them off. And that led instantaneously to a stabilization of the banking system. And that, of course, as the banking system became workable, that led to, helped lead to recovery.”

How much of an individual bank account is covered by insurance?

By law, up to $250,000 is insured for each depositor’s account in each bank. Congress raised the limit from $100,000 to $250,000 temporarily in 2008 and made the increase permanent in 2010. For most Americans, deposit insurance is more than enough to insure all money in their checking and savings accounts. However, businesses and other large organizations may hold over $250,000 at a given time. As of the end of 2022, about 43% of all bank deposits were uninsured, according to the FDIC.

How is the FDIC funded?

The FDIC receives no appropriation from Congress, although it is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Instead, the agency is funded by insurance premiums paid by banks and from interest earned on the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund, which is invested in U.S. government obligations. The banks’ premiums depend on the size of the bank and bank regulators’ assessment of the riskiness of the bank.

As of Dec. 31, 2022, the Deposit Insurance Fund had $128.2 billion, or about 1.27% of all insured deposits. The FDIC is gradually increasing premiums to bring the ratio up to the statutory minimum of 1.35% by September 30, 2028. Its target is to get the Fund up to 2% of insured deposits over the long run to “reach a level sufficient to withstand a future crisis.”

What does the FDIC do when a bank fails?

When a bank fails, the FDIC basically has two options. The first is to sell the bank to a willing buyer, which may take a portion or the entirety of the failed bank’s assets and liabilities. The second is to pay off the insured deposits and liquidate the failed bank’s assets, with uninsured depositors recuperating money based on the value of the assets. (To read FDIC Chair Martin Gruenberg’s description of this process, click here.)

When Washington Mutual failed in 2008 and was sold to JPMorgan Chase, uninsured depositors (who accounted for 24% of total deposits) got all their money. But when IndyMac failed, also in 2008, uninsured account holders recovered 50 percent of uninsured deposits. Even so, IndyMac was the costliest failure in the FDIC’s history – a $12.4 billion hit to the Deposit Insurance Fund. Since 1991, the FDIC has been required to choose the resolution method least costly to its Deposit Insurance Fund — unless the FDIC and other regulators declare that the least-cost option poses a systemic risk (see below).

Why did depositors in Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank with more than $250,000 in their accounts get covered?

At times of acute financial stress, the law allows the government to lift the $250,000 ceiling. This is known as a “systemic risk exception.” If federal officials believe that normal procedures would have “serious adverse effects on economic conditions or financial stability,” a systemic risk exception can be declared by the Treasury Secretary, in consultation with the President, provided at least two-thirds of the members of the FDIC’s Board of Directors and two-thirds of the members of the Federal Reserve’s Board of Governors approve. The systemic risk exception was written into law in 1991 but wasn’t used until the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. In March 2023, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen invoked the systemic risk exception to cover all deposits of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.

What about depositors at other banks with more than $250,000?

Although the Treasury Secretary could invoke a “systemic risk exemption” to allow the FDIC to lift the deposit insurance ceiling for another bank, the Dodd-Frank law passed after the Global Financial Crisis says the FDIC can make an increase in the $250,000 limit “widely available” only with the approval of Congress. Following the Silicon Valley Bank failure, proposals to raise the ceiling began circulating in Congress, in the administration, and in some parts of the banking industry. A coalition of mid-sized banks, for instance, has asked regulators to extend insurance to all deposits for the next two years.

[scotianostra]

On September 23rd 1880, John Boyd Orr, Nobel Peace prize winner, was born in Kilmaurs, Ayrshire.

Boyd Orr is most definitely in the “probably one of most famous Scots you have never heard of.” club, although some will know his name being used as a University of Glasgow Building.

Born in Scotland in 1880, Boyd Orr got his first look at hunger and poverty after he graduated from Glasgow University in 1902 and started teaching school in a Glasgow slum. When he showed up on the first day of class, he was shocked to see that his students were clothed in rags and covered with lice. They were unable to concentrate on their lessons because they were weak and malnourished.

“I went home the first night feeling physically sick and very depressed,” he wrote in his 1966 autobiography As I Recall. “I had another look at the school the next day, and came to the conclusion that there was nothing I could do to relieve the misery of the poor children, so I sat down and sent in my resignation.”

Although he worked as a doctor for a brief period and served in World War I, Boyd Orr’s real passion was nutrition—one of the most exciting areas of research in the 1920s. Nutritionists had just discovered that vitamins were essential to human health, and that animals or people who didn’t eat enough vitamins would develop “deficiency diseases” like scurvy, beriberi, rickets and night blindness.

Boyd Orr was one of the first to establish the value of milk being supplied to school children, which led to free school milk provision in our primary schools, which all us Scots certainly benefited from.

He helped found the Rowett Research Institute in Animal Health in Aberdeen, Scotland, to study the importance of trace mineral elements in animal nutrition. His book, Minerals in Pastures, published in 1929, was one of the first to consider the role minerals played in animal health.

Always remembering those poor malnourished children in Glasgow, Boyd Orr began investigating the possibility of improving the health of the poor in Scotland with better nutrition. In 1931, he launched a dietary survey, which discovered that a third of Scotland’s population was unable “to purchase sufficient of the more expensive health foods to give them an adequate diet.” The results of this survey, published in 1936 under the title Food, Health, and Income, showed that the diets of the poor were lacking in minerals, vitamins and sometimes even protein and calories. “These diets may be sufficient to maintain life and a certain degree of activity, and yet be inadequate for the maintenance of the fullest degree of health which a perfectly adequate diet would make possible,” he concluded.

Boyd Orr believed that the health of these people could be greatly improved if they were only able to get enough milk and other protective foods. And the results of his survey were fresh on his mind when he made the dangerous wartime crossing of the Atlantic to attend a historic conference in the United States—the first-ever United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture., after the war he became their first Director-General

Although his tenure in this position was short, he worked not only to alleviate the immediate post-war food shortage through the International Emergency Food Committee but also to propose comprehensive plans for improving food production and its equitable distribution–his proposal to create a World Food Board. Although the board failed to get the support of Britain and the US, he had laid a firm foundation for the new U.N. specialized agency.

In 1949 he received the Nobel Peace Prize for his scientific research into nutrition, donating the entire financial award to organizations devoted to world peace and a united world government.

In 1960 he became the co-founder and the first President of the World Academy of Art and Science

John Boyd Orr died near Edzell, on June 25th, 1971.

[zerogate]

[T]he forces of gravity and electromagnetism are very delicately balanced. The bigger stars, those with a high mass, put out heat at a phenomenal rate, becoming in the end what are known as “blue giants”. Smaller stars lose most of their more modest heat by the action of convection currents, sliding into a condition in which they are described as “red dwarfs”. Both extremes are inherently unstable, but between the two is a very narrow range of star sizes that allow the sort of equilibrium provided by our far more kindly Sun.

If the balance between the forces tipped in favour of gravity, all stars would be washed-out blue giants. If, on the other hand, it favoured electromagnetism, the universe would by now be studded with nothing but bright red dwarfs. And there would be no health in us.

We owe our whole existence, and that of all typical stars it seems, to a wildly improbable numerical accident that equates two of the fundamental forces in the universe. And the coincidence doesn’t end there. The number of stars in a typical galaxy is the same as the number of galaxies in the universe. The age of the universe, expressed in nuclear units, is the same as the number of charged particles in it. The electric force between two protons is the same as the gravitational force between them. And all of these measurements, together with a long list of basic parameters, hover around the same unimaginably large number – the huge and mystic ten-to-the-power-of-forty.

Fifty years ago, the Nobel Prize-winning English physicist Paul Dirac said “such a coincidence, we may presume, is due to some deep connexion in Nature between cosmology and atomic theory.” He and the astronomer Arthur Eddington were so impressed by the recurrence of this large and unlikely number that they built elaborate theories around it, ending however with little more than the simple and humble admission that “something strange is going on”. Just how strange is only now becoming apparent.

[...]

Life as we know it is based on carbon, which did not exist in the early universe. In the beginning, there seems to have been nothing but a lot of hydrogen. Then came the big bang, which created temperatures high enough to make some heavier elements, but lasting only long enough, perhaps for just a few minutes, to produce large quantities of helium. The synthesis of heavy elements in any quantity had to wait until there were suitable stars of sufficient stability to cook the ingredients for the necessary billions of years. Which is precisely what happened and, as the stars reached the end of their natural lives, exhausting their nuclear fuel, they became supernovae, exploding violently and sending their varied contents spewing into interstellar space.

Amongst these elements, there seems to have been a surprising amount of carbon, formed as a result of yet another happy coincidence. Carbon nuclei come into being as a result of the rare and simultaneous triple collision of three separate helium nuclei. If just two collide in precisely the right way, they form an unstable nucleus of the hard white metal beryllium, which exists only for a very short period of time. And if a third helium nucleus strikes the temporary beryllium with exactly the right amount of energy, it too becomes incorporated – to produce carbon. None of this, however, can take place unless the resonance, the frequency of internal vibration of all three nuclei, is in complete harmony. But, as chance would have it, the thermal energy of a typical star, the temperature of its interior, lies at the one level that makes this not only possible, but inevitable.

And still the plot thickens. For the newly produced carbon to survive inside the star, it has to be prevented from combining even further or burning up to produce yet heavier elements such as oxygen. Fortunately for us, this prohibition is ensured by the further “accident” that the natural resonance of oxygen lies at a lower level than that provided by the combination of the first three helium nuclei. Events in the star conspire, somehow, not only to produce large quantities of carbon, but also to ensure that most of it stays that way long enough to be disseminated across the universe as one of the vital seeds of life. “Our bodies are formed,” as Sir James Jeans once remarked, “from the ashes of long dead stars.”

[...]

Another scientific knight, the fearless Sir Fred Hoyle, has no doubts about the nature of all this cosmic coincidence. He calls it “a put-up job”. In discussing the origins of life, he points out that neither carbon nor oxygen could ever have been produced in stars, unless their nuclear resonance was fixed at precisely the known levels. Nothing else will do. He concludes that “a commonsense interpretation of the facts suggests that a superintellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about in nature.”

-- Lyall Watson, Beyond Supernature

[kny111]

The Future of Quantum Biology

by Adriana Marais , Betony Adams , Andrew K. Ringsmuth , Marco Ferretti , J. Michael Gruber , Ruud Hendrikx , Maria Schuld , Samuel L. Smith , Ilya Sinayskiy , Tjaart P. J. Krüger , Francesco Petruccione  and Rienk van Grondelle Published:14 November 2018

Abstract

Biological systems are dynamical, constantly exchanging energy and matter with the environment in order to maintain the non-equilibrium state synonymous with living. Developments in observational techniques have allowed us to study biological dynamics on increasingly small scales. Such studies have revealed evidence of quantum mechanical effects, which cannot be accounted for by classical physics, in a range of biological processes. Quantum biology is the study of such processes, and here we provide an outline of the current state of the field, as well as insights into future directions.

1.  Introduction

Quantum mechanics is the fundamental theory that describes the properties of subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, molecular assemblies and possibly beyond. Quantum mechanics operates on the nanometre and sub-nanometre scales and is at the basis of fundamental life processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and vision. In quantum mechanics, all objects have wave-like properties, and when they interact, quantum coherence describes the correlations between the physical quantities describing such objects due to this wave-like nature.

In photosynthesis, respiration and vision, the models that have been developed in the past are fundamentally quantum mechanical. They describe energy transfer and electron transfer in a framework based on surface hopping. The dynamics described by these models are often ‘exponential’ and follow from the application of Fermi’s Golden Rule [1,2]. As a consequence of averaging the rate of transfer over a large and quasi-continuous distribution of final states the calculated dynamics no longer display coherences and interference phenomena. In photosynthetic reaction centres and light-harvesting complexes, oscillatory phenomena were observed in numerous studies performed in the 1990s and were typically ascribed to the formation of vibrational or mixed electronic–vibrational wavepackets. The reported detection of the remarkably long-lived (660 fs and longer) electronic quantum coherence during excitation energy transfer in a photosynthetic system revived interest in the role of ‘non-trivial’ quantum mechanics to explain the fundamental life processes of living organisms [3]. However, the idea that quantum phenomena—like coherence—may play a functional role in macroscopic living systems is not new. In 1932, 10 years after quantum physicist Niels Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the atomic structure, he delivered a lecture entitled ‘Light and Life’ at the International Congress on Light Therapy in Copenhagen [4]. This raised the question of whether quantum theory could contribute to a scientific understanding of living systems. In attendance was an intrigued Max Delbrück, a young physicist who later helped to establish the field of molecular biology and won a Nobel Prize in 1969 for his discoveries in genetics [5].

All living systems are made up of molecules, and fundamentally all molecules are described by quantum mechanics. Traditionally, however, the vast separation of scales between systems described by quantum mechanics and those studied in biology, as well as the seemingly different properties of inanimate and animate matter, has maintained some separation between the two bodies of knowledge. Recently, developments in experimental techniques such as ultrafast spectroscopy [6], single molecule spectroscopy [7–11], time-resolved microscopy [12–14] and single particle imaging [15–18] have enabled us to study biological dynamics on increasingly small length and time scales, revealing a variety of processes necessary for the function of the living system that depend on a delicate interplay between quantum and classical physical effects.

Quantum biology is the application of quantum theory to aspects of biology for which classical physics fails to give an accurate description. In spite of this simple definition, there remains debate over the aims and role of the field in the scientific community. This article offers a perspective on where quantum biology stands today, and identifies potential avenues for further progress in the field.

2.  What is quantum biology?

Biology, in its current paradigm, has had wide success in applying classical models to living systems. In most cases, subtle quantum effects on (inter)molecular scales do not play a determining role in overall biological function. Here, ‘function’ is a broad concept. For example: How do vision and photosynthesis work on a molecular level and on an ultrafast time scale? How does DNA, with stacked nucleotides separated by about 0.3 nm, deal with UV photons? How does an enzyme catalyse an essential biochemical reaction? How does our brain with neurons organized on a sub-nanometre scale deal with such an amazing amount of information? How do DNA replication and expression work? All these biological functions should, of course, be considered in the context of evolutionary fitness. The differences between a classical approximation and a quantum-mechanical model are generally thought to be negligible in these cases, even though at the basis every process is entirely governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. What happens at the ill-defined border between the quantum and classical regimes? More importantly, are there essential biological functions that ‘appear’ classical but in reality are not? The role of quantum biology is precisely to expose and unravel this connection.

Fundamentally, all matter—animate or inanimate—is quantum mechanical, being constituted of ions, atoms and/or molecules whose equilibrium properties are accurately determined by quantum theory. As a result, it could be claimed that all of biology is quantum mechanical. However, this definition does not address the dynamical nature of biological processes, or the fact that a classical description of intermolecular dynamics seems often sufficient. Quantum biology should, therefore, be defined in terms of the physical ‘correctness’ of the models used and the consistency in the explanatory capabilities of classical versus quantum mechanical models of a particular biological process.

As we investigate biological systems on nanoscales and larger, we find that there exist processes in biological organisms, detailed in this article, for which it is currently thought that a quantum mechanical description is necessary to fully characterize the behaviour of the relevant subsystem. While quantum effects are difficult to observe on macroscopic time and length scales, processes necessary for the overall function and therefore survival of the organism seem to rely on dynamical quantum-mechanical effects at the intermolecular scale. It is precisely the interplay between these time and length scales that quantum biology investigates with the aim to build a consistent physical picture.

Grand hopes for quantum biology may include a contribution to a definition and understanding of life, or to an understanding of the brain and consciousness. However, these problems are as old as science itself, and a better approach is to ask whether quantum biology can contribute to a framework in which we can repose these questions in such a way as to get new answers. The study of biological processes operating efficiently at the boundary between the realms of quantum and classical physics is already contributing to improved physical descriptions of this quantum-to-classical transition.

More immediately, quantum biology promises to give rise to design principles for biologically inspired quantum nanotechnologies, with the ability to perform efficiently at a fundamental level in noisy environments at room temperature and even make use of these ‘noisy environments’ to preserve or even enhance the quantum properties [19,20]. Through engineering such systems, it may be possible to test and quantify the extent to which quantum effects can enhance processes and functions found in biology, and ultimately answer whether these quantum effects may have been purposefully selected in the design of the systems. Importantly, however, quantum bioinspired technologies can also be intrinsically useful independently from the organisms that inspired them.

3.  Quantum mechanics: an introduction for biologists

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the success of classical physics in describing all observable phenomena had begun to be challenged in certain respects. In 1900, as a means to explain the spectral energy distribution of blackbody radiation, Planck introduced the idea that interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation of frequency ν are quantized, occurring only in integer multiples of hν, where h is the fundamental Planck constant. Five years later, Einstein further developed the notion of energy quantization by extending it to include the photon, a quantum of light. This concept is illustrated by the photoelectric effect where light incident on a material leads to the emission of electrons. It is, however, not the intensity of the light that determines this emission but rather its frequency. Even low-intensity light of a suitable frequency will lead to electrons being emitted whereas high-intensity light below this threshold frequency will have no effect. Einstein explained this by proposing that in this instance light behaves as a particle rather than a wave, with discrete energies hν that can be transferred to the electrons in a material. Bohr’s 1913 model of the hydrogen atom, with its discrete energy states, and Compton’s 1923 work with X-rays all contributed to the beginning of a new era in modern physics. These ways of explaining blackbody radiation and the photoelectric effect, as well as atomic stability and spectroscopy, led to the development of quantum mechanics, a theory that has proved extremely successful in predicting and describing microphysical systems [21,22].

Whereas Planck and Einstein began the quantum revolution by postulating that radiation also demonstrates particle-like behaviour, de Broglie, in 1923, made the complementary suggestion that matter itself has wave-like properties, with a wavelength related to its momentum through Planck’s constant. This hypothesis suggested that matter waves should undergo diffraction, which was subsequently proved by experiments that demonstrated that particles such as electrons showed interference patterns. Schrödinger built on this observation in his formulation of quantum mechanics, which describes the dynamics of microscopic systems through the use of wave mechanics. The formulation of quantum mechanics allows for the investigation of a number of important facets of a quantum state: its mathematical description at any time t, how to calculate different physical quantities associated with this state and how to describe the evolution of the state in time [21,22].

[stewblog]

Morbius

If you wanted to point to a movie that proved the wheels are beginning to fall off the Superhero Comic Book Movie Party Bus that has been going full throttle since 2008, Morbius would be a prime candidate to prove such a point.

To be certain, I personally am not going to make such a conjecture. That would be silly. These movies are going to continue to be largely well-made and make tons of money for at least a few more years. But Morbius is the kind of hubristic misfire that provides sufficient fodder for anyone wishing to proclaim as such. I’m not going to. But I could.

What I will assure you of, however, is that regardless of your feelings toward the current comic book to silver screen pipeline, Morbius represents an undeniable nadir for the current incarnation of the superhero cinematic subgenre. I have no idea who this movie was supposed to appeal to or otherwise entertain outside of Jared Leto’s own vanity but here it has arrived nonetheless, all with the audacity of not even being an interesting or entertaining bad movie. It’s just bad bad. It’s boring bad. This character and the material had the potential to be shaped into something oozing with campy charm, an identity that at minimum would have allowed it to fully stand out among its contemporaries. Instead we get a movie that never manages to justify its meager existence, much less provide a reason to demand your time and money.

Leto plays Dr. Michael Morbius, a world-famous hematologist whose invention of synthetic blood has changed the world and earned him a Nobel Prize. But alas, Morbius is so principled that he rejects the prize because his invention doesn’t cure the very specific blood disease that has plagued him his entire life. So into the bin the prize goes (along with the $1 million dollar check) and off Michael sails to international waters so he can conduct a very illegal experiment that will potentially cure his incurable disease. As you can likely guess, things go horribly wrong.

Unfortunately it’s not just Dr. Morbius’ life that goes horribly wrong, it’s the movie as well. From the time Morbius makes his transformation until after the second mid-credits stinger, I was left in awe of just how inert this thing is. The central conflict feels like it happens out of sheer obligation rather than anything approaching a genuinely compelling narrative. This had the makings of being a comic book version of a classic monster movie But where those movies might have their protagonist contend with the duality of their nature being given physical form, Morbius largely treats this aspect of the character as an annoyance at best. There is little reckoning to be found here. Morbius constantly hungers for blood, but by and large the movie treats this endless craving as though he just really wants a big sandwich and not the moral, physical and philosophical dilemma that it quite clearly is.

This lack of consideration for even the most basic existential or moral conflict could have been assuaged if the physical portion of said conflict were even remotely interesting. Instead we mostly get a few scenes where Morbius and his lifelong best friend, Milo (Matt Smith) hiss at each other before the CGI takes over completely for the shortest fight scenes I’ve ever witnessed in a movie of this sort.

I’m not saying that any of this had to be as philosophically engaging as The Fountain or as viscerally entertaining as Blade (though even the moribund Blade Trinity manages to be more entertaining as far as comic book vampire shenanigans go). I just wanted it to feel like it has something on its mind one way or the other.

Alas, Jared Leto seems largely uninterested in injecting anything resembling a personality into the proceedings. I’m not sure what anyone involved thought he would bring to the part but it’s clear that Matt Smith should have been in the title role because he’s the only here who seems to even remotely understand what the assignment is. Make the whole movie match his hammy energy and you’d at least have something with a pulse.

Alas, we’re left with a movie that goes nowhere, does very little and says even less. I am often loathe to refer to movies or TV shows as “content” the way they often are in this age where both are frequently unceremoniously dumped onto various streaming services. But Morbius can only be described as “content,” a movie whose existence seems to be purely in service of being on a list somewhere that someone can point to as an accomplishment.

[huariqueje]

Who is behind the coup in Peru? A series of gestures and close ties with the United States and the CIA itself set off the alarms for the coup in a Peru mobilized after the elections. By José Carlos Llerena Robles and Vijay Prashad | Globetrotter - By all estimates, Pedro Castillo won the second round of the presidential elections, but his opponent refuses to acknowledge it and many fear a coup, as tensions could escalate with the support of Peru's loyal right and the newly appointed ambassador of Peru. USA. Pedro Castillo, from the Peru Libre party, has already begun to receive congratulations from around the world. There is no doubt that he won the presidential elections on June 6. The Peruvian Electoral Authority (ONPE) released the final results: Castillo obtained 50.127% of the votes (8.84 million votes), while Keiko Fujimori, his opponent in the second round for the Fuerza Popular party, obtained the 49.893% (8.78 million votes). wishes). This with 100% of the votes counted. Clearly, Fujimori lost the election. However, Fujimori refused to admit defeat. He even hired the best jurists in Peru to challenge the election results. A few hours after the electoral counts were released, Fujimori's team filed 134 challenges within the allotted time; another 811 are in progress. The Fujimori team brought these lawyers together before the vote, anticipating the possibility of a Castillo victory and the need to tie him up in court. The army of white-collar lawyers has launched a racist war strategy; Their entire game has been to invalidate the votes that constitute the core of Castillo's support base, that is, the indigenous communities of Peru. The United States has appointed a new ambassador to the country. Her name is Lisa Kenna, a former adviser to United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, a nine-year veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and an employee of the United States Secretary of State in Iraq. Just before the elections, Ambassador Kenna posted a video in which she spoke of the close ties between the United States and Peru and the need for a peaceful transition from one president to another. The "presidential transition is an example for the entire region," she declared, anticipating a serious challenge. If anyone knows of interference in the electoral process in Latin America, it is the United States. More collaborators close to the US There are also key members within Keiko Fujimori's team, such as Fernando Rospigliosi. Former Interior Minister to President Alejandro Toledo, Rospigliosi joined Fujimori's team for precisely this kind of dispute (for years he had been highly critical of the crimes committed by Alberto Fujimori, who is now serving a prison sentence). Collaboration with the US embassy is in the Rospigliosi curriculum. In 2005, the former left-wing military Ollanta Humala participated in the presidential race. All the evidence indicates that Humala, who had attempted a coup against Keiko Fujimori's father in 2000, had massive support. Some even thought that Humala would follow both Hugo Chávez and Evo Morales, leading Peru to the left. At that time, Rospigliosi went to the US embassy to seek support and prevent Humala's victory in 2006. On November 18, 2005, Rospigliosi and former Director of National Defense Rubén Vargas went to the embassy for lunch. They expressed their "concern about the prospects of the ultranationalist Ollanta Humala consolidating itself as a political force to be taken into account." Both Rospigliosi and Vargas worked for an NGO called Human and Social Capital (CHS), which had been hired by the Narcotics Affairs and Law Enforcement Section (NAS) of the United States government. Both Rospigliosi and Vargas asked the US embassy to urge their communications contractor, the Nexum company, to "monitor the coverage of Humala and promote anti-human news and commentary in the coca growing regions." They wanted the US embassy to use its considerable resources to undermine it. These are dirty old-fashioned tricks. The United States was concerned about Humala, his statements against the US military presence in Peru, and his ties to Hugo Chávez. What Rospigliosi and Vargas told the US embassy they liked. Humala lost the 2006 elections. He would win in 2011, beating Keiko Fujimori; But in 2011 he had already established himself as a candidate for the neoliberals, someone the United States considered harmless and useful. On May 19, 2011, Humala signed a text that linked him to the neoliberal agenda ("Commitment in Defense of Democracy"). At the meeting he obtained the blessing of the right-wing Peruvian godfather, the novelis Mario Vargas Llosa. 

Vargas Llosa is a key figure here, using the prestige of his 2010 Nobel Prize for Literature to back him up. When it became known that Pedro Castillo had won rural Peru, Vargas Llosa looked down on rural voters; warned that Peru would become Venezuela and that it would be a catastrophe for the country. Submerged in the bile of racism, Vargas Llosa joined other far-right intellectuals in belittling the Peruvian working class and peasantry, hoping that such comments would give sufficient coverage to the coup process underway within the ONPE.on alert Everything seems to be prepared: the US ambassador with CIA credentials, a dirty tricks man with a habit of going to the embassy for help and with a history of asking the US to defame the left, an elderly man with an allergy to his own people, and a candidate whose father was supported by the oligarchy when he self-coupled in 1992.Pedro Castillo continues to take care of the streets. The crowds gather. They don't want their elections stolen. But there is fear in Peru. Darker forces gather. Will the people be able to defeat them?

Rebeca Avila  Journalist and translator at Revista Opera. Master's student in Latin American Social Studies at the University of Buenos Aires, researches the participation of Brazil and Cuba in the national liberation wars of Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique during the Cold War.

[astro-quantum-physics]

what is quantum mechanics ?

Topic: what is quantum mechanics ? what are quantum mechanics?

Quantum physics (QP):

Quantum Physics is the branch of Physics that deals with study of matter at small scale.

Introduction to Quantum mechanics-

A fundamental Theory in physics that describes the physical properties of matter at small scales  is called Quantum mechanics .

This is the only theory that gave foundation of all quantum physics together with Quantum Field Theory, Quantum chemistry , and Quantum information science and technology.

Why Quantum physics is So Weird?

Quantum Physics is totally different from Classical Physics because in classical Physics everything is present in Particle form but in Quantum Physics everything in the universe has wave nature as well as particle nature.This is the reason why we say Quantum Physics is so weird.The Foundation of quantum mechanics were established by :

Max Planck

Niels Bohr

Werner Heisenberg

Louis de Broglie

Albert Einstein

Erwin Schrödinger

Satyendra Nath Bose

And  many others Scientists contributed in foundation of Quantum Mechanics .Because of these Scientists Quantum Mechanics Became widely accepted theory during the first half of the 20th Century.

Most Famous Equation: Schrödinger's Equation

The Schrödinger equation is a linear partial differential equation that describes the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system.  This is an important result in quantum mechanics, and its discovery was an important milestone in the development of quantum mechanics.  The equation is named after Irwin Schrödinger, who gave the equation in 1925, and published it in 1926, which resulted in his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933.The concept of a wave function is a fundamental signal of quantum mechanics;  The wave function defines the state of the system at each spatial position and time.The solutions of Schrödinger's equation describe not only molecular, atomic and sub-atomic systems, but also macroscopic systems, possibly the entire universe. With the help of  Schrödinger equation  not only we can  study quantum mechanical systems and make predictions but also we can study like Other aggregates of quantum mechanics include matrix mechanics, introduced by Werner Heisenberg, and the main integral formulation, developed by Richard Feynman.  Paul Dirac incorporated matrix mechanics and the Schrödinger equation into one formulation.

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle:

In quantum mechanics, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is any kind of mathematical inequalities that provide a fundamental limit to the extent to which values   for physical pairs of certain particles, such as position, x, and momentum, p, can occur.  Predicted from initial conditions.  Such variable pairings are known as complementary variables or canonically conjugated variables, and, depending on the interpretation, the uncertainty principle is limited to the extent that such conjugate properties retain their approximate meaning,  Because the mathematical framework of quantum physics does not support the notion of simultaneous well.  Defined conjugate properties expressed by a single value.  First introduced in 1927 by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg, the principle of uncertainty states that the more precisely the position of a particle, the more precisely its motion can be predicted from the initial conditions.  And vice versa. Since uncertainty theory is such a fundamental result in quantum mechanics, specific experiments in quantum mechanics regularly observe its aspects.  However, some experiments may deliberately explore a particular form of uncertainty theory as part of their main research program.  For example, superconducting or quantum optics systems involve tests of number-phase uncertainty relationships. Applications that rely on the principle of uncertainty for their operation include techniques with extremely low noise such as those required in

gravitational wave

interferometers.

Quantum Field Theory:

A theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics in theoretical physics is called Quantum Field Theory.

(Note: Quantum Field Theory Doesn't combines General relativity).Quantum field theory is used in particle physics to construct physical models of sub-atomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quipiparticles.Quantum field theory treats particles as quanta of their underlying fields, which are more fundamental than particles.  The interactions between the particles are described by the interaction terms in the Lagrangian involving their respective regions.  Each interaction can be visualized by Feynman diagrams according to disturbance theory in quantum mechanics.

Photoelectric Effect:

The emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation(light rays) hits a material is called photoelectric effect. The  Electrons Which are  emitted in this manner are called Photoelectrons. We study this  phenomenon mainly  in electronic physics and in fields of chemistry such as quantum chemistry and electrochemistry.According to classical electromagnetic theory, photoelectric effect can be attributed to the transfer of energy from light to electron.  From this point of view, a change in the intensity of light induces a change in the kinetic energy of electrons emitted from the metal.  According to this theory, sufficiently dim light is expected to show a time interval between the initial brightness of its light and the subsequent emission of an electron.But experimental results were not associated with either of the two predictions made by classical theory.  Instead, experiments have shown that electrons are disliked only by scattering of light when it reaches or exceeds the threshold frequency.  Because a low-frequency beam at high intensity cannot produce the energy required to produce photoelectrons such that if the energy of light were constant like a wave, Einstein proposed that a beam of light propagating from space  Not a waveform, but rather a collection of discrete wave packets (photons).

Revolutionary Principles of Quantum Mechanics:

-Wave Particle Duality

-Quantized properties

Wave Particle Duality:

Wave-particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that each particle or quantum unit can be described as a particle or a waveform.  It expresses the inability of classical concepts "particles" or "waves" to fully describe the behaviour  of quantum-scale objects.Current scientific theories assume that all particles exhibit a wave nature and vice versa. This is proven with the help of the work done by many Scientists like Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Arthur Compton, Niels Bohr, and many others.This phenomenon has been verified not only for elementary particles, but also for compound particles such as atoms and even molecules.  For macroscopic particles, wave properties cannot usually be detected, due to their extremely short wavelengths.

Quantized  properties:

Some properties, such as position, speed, and color, can sometimes occur only in a specific, set amount, much like a dial that "clicks" from number to number.  This challenged a fundamental notion of classical mechanics, stating that such properties must exist on a smooth, continuous spectrum.  To describe the idea that some properties 'clicked' like a dial with specific settings, scientists coined the term 'quantized'.

About post :

So far we have studied many terms like quantum field theory , dual nature of particles and many more and also we have learnt how quantum physics became the revolutionary theory in 20th century and also many scientists like max planck , albert einstein and co. contributed to this theory .You can read about. I hope you guys have learnt many things from Article: what is quantum mechanics ? what are quantum mechanics? or quantum mechanical model and enjoyed as well. So thats it for today , If you want to read more then you can read other articles given below.

Originally posted on : https://astroquantumphysics.com/

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