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31r Decembr
rasgatto /ˌras.gaˈto/ [ˌʀaz.gɐˈto] conclusion, resolution, dénouement
also the end of a tale, the reveal of a mystery, the calming down of a storm or argument
also period between the official end of an event and the time everyone has left and everything has been packed away
< borrowed 19C during the Good Game period from Venise Italian rasgatto "resolution, unravelling of a mystery or story", used at first in the literary circles of the region. This comes from Zahid Russian разгадто "unknotting, solving", and specifically from Boxa author Olexi Harchenko's mystery romance of the same name. The word had spread to different spheres by the 1910s, and to the "end of an event" by 1941—specifically referring to the pitch crowds that formed after professional lineball matches.
Nos attenm y rasgatto dell'an ant untal avidtað.
We await the year's conclusion with such eagerness.
/no‿zaˈtenm̩ i ˌras.gaˈto deˈlan ant ɪnˈtal ˌa.vɪdˈtaθ/
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28m Novembr
aziar /aˈzjar/ [ɐˈzjɑː] to be standing (of people and of buildings), to be erect (both of construction and in vulgar use)
< from 12C in late Old Boral aziȝar "to be standing (of people)", either borrowed with rebracketing alongside aziȝ "boot" from Andalus laziga "boot", lazigar "to wear boots", or else a verbal derivation from aziȝ within Boral. The Andalus noun is from Moorish Arabic أَحْذِيَة • (ʾaḥḏiya) "leather boots", plural of حِذَاء • (ḥiḏāʾ) "boot, shoe". Extension of the verb to buildings and for arousal are both seen by the 15th century. The participle aziant "standing" strongly connotes verticality and a free-standing quality that the alternative pos "placed, put, stood" does not.
Mell'instroyour azia ag sougl e me sgarda y viol crullar.
My teacher would stand in the door and watch me play the viol.
/meˌlɪn.stroˈjur aˈzja ɛj ˈsujl e me sgarˈda i ˈvjɔl kriˈlar/
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19m Novembr
accapellar /aˌka.peˈlar/ [ɐ.ka.pɪˈlɑː] to don a hat, to put a hat on
< attested, at least in the past participial form accapellað "wearing a hat" (the only form in productive use, though the finite verb occurs sporadically), since the fourteenth century. It is modelled after other verbs in a-X-ar, such as arrimbandar "to beribbon", abancar "to make landfall" and akirtar "to ignite". Specifically, it is derived from capel "hat", from Vulgar Latin cappellus with the same meaning, itself a diminutive from Latin cappa "cape, cloak".
Lou dou accapellaurn e sorteurn accougl.
They both put on their hats and left together.
/lu du aˌka.peˈlo.rn̩ e sɔrˈtaw.rn̩ aˈkujl/
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4m Decembr
corrir preuç /koˈrɪr ˈprawts/ [kʊˈʀɪː ˈpʀaws] to jog, to trot (to run slowly, of people or of animals)
< literally "to run tamely", used from 14C in reference to horses and by 17C also of people. It is theorised to be from a rider's command "Preuç !" to their horse to trot, although evidence of this use is scant. This adjective preuç "tame, mild, gentle, balmy" is a backformation from verb appreuçar "to tame, calm, corral, domesticate", itself from Vulgar Latin apprīvātiō "I tame".
Dericq ençau a corrir preuç, eð Alicia mognessem poðe apen hast pareïr.
Derick broke into a jog, and the shorter Alicia could barely keep up.
/deˈrɪk ɛnˈdzo a koˈrɪr ˈprawts | ɛθ ˌa.liˈdzja mɔjˈnɛ.sɛm poˈðe aˈpɛn ˈhast ˌpa.riˈɪr/
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13m Decembr
trasir /traˈzir/ [tʀɐˈzɪː] (transitive) to cross, traverse, go through; to penetrate, saturate, permeate; (intransitive) to be understood, come across; to die, pass away
< attested in Old Boral as tras(e)ir "to go across, through"; in earlier texts it is still treated as a compound of tras- "across" Latin trāns- "through, across, beyond" and (e)ir "to go" < Latin eō, īre "I go". As eir acquires suppletive forms from vādō "I go, walk", trasir is reanalysed as a regular -ir¹ verb; this process is complete by the Middle Boral period. The intransitive usage is original, though with the transitive senses (it was used with the preposition par "by, through"). We see the newer senses of "permeate" and of "be understood" used from the fourteenth century. In the sense "pass on, die" its use is cyclical; it last returned to common use in the 1920s.
Y bal seyon lançað traseu direct y fenestr.
The ball she threw went straight through the window.
/i ˈbal siˈjɔn lanˈdzaθ traˈzaw diˈrɛkt i feˈnɛs.tr̩/
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6m Novembr
taken from A Mapbook Compendium of Europe, from the Division of Rome until the German Secession (450–1250 N), published by the Tommarth Open School of History in 1997. It is used as part of the supplementary reference materials provided for students sitting history scitations in many Markish universities.
The Drengotian Empire, named for its ruling family the Drengot (formerly the ruling ducal family of Normandy) had by 1120 N maintained stable borders for several decades. The empire owes this impression of peace in part to the decentralised structure of the realm: Tolose even held a standing army for its perennial skirmishes with neighbouring Barcelon.
But of course none were more independent in the so-called Constant Empire (a name used only in retrospect in an attempt to lend gravitas, referencing Rome's District of Constantius) than Kernow and Devon, who a century earlier had been vital to the Norman conquest of Kent. Indeed, in 1121 N King Vigo of Greater Devon would attack Wales without the support of Emperor Roger II.
Roger II spent most of his reign in Paris, with his younger brother Matthew ruling in his name in London. By 1120 N, much of the empire's treasury has been spent on defending the long eastern border with Willemy. In particular, the construction of a new Great Castle at Vésonçon had been completed the year before, the last point in a defensive line spanning from Flanders to the Alps.
#conlang#boral#conlanging#boralverse#conworld#alternate history#cottidian 2020#mondifex 2020#writing
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30m Novembr
in taken in translation from the 1991 quire Funamblisme: n'Istorio Lingual d'e Isule Bural (Tightrope Walking: a Linguistic History of Boral), written by language historian Ghendaline Cecchino and published by Edizore Università Napule (Naples University Editions).
...nevertheless already we see a stronger independent sense of Borlish identity alongside the universal Roman citizenship than almost anywhere else in the Empire.
Despite its political separation, the Latin of Borland follows the course of the Continental and British vernaculars. By the end of the third century Nascentiæ the distinct vocative forms survived only sporadically (for example, in fīlī! "son!"), and the genitive forms (especially the plural) were more and more replaced by the ablative. At this point it is accurate enough to describe the Vulgar Latin as having only four cases:
Observe that already the singular forms are converging; a similar process occurs in the other declensions. The next reduction saw the genitive and dative merging to a singular “oblique”, while the loss of nasalisation in the fifth century collapsed the singular forms entirely (Here the situation was different in the second declension: see the Appendices for details). Note also the prosthetic /i/, which was /e/ on the continent.
Here we truly depart from the Gallic development with the debuccalisation of final /s/, and the proceeding reduction of posttonic. The Oblique form is replaced entirely by the accusative with prepositions, and even the number distinction finds itself on shaky footing.
#conlang#boral#conlanging#boralverse#conworld#alternate history#cottidian 2020#mondifex 2020#translation
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29m Octobr
flannar /flaˈnar/ [flɐˈnɑː] to amble, stroll, saunter; to walk leisurely with little intent
< attested from late 10C in Old Boral flanar "rush, act rashly", probably getting to its modern sense via "stray, go off course" (see the parallel developments in Norman French flanner). The word is most likely borrowed directly from Old Norse flana "get into a bad situation heedlessly", or possibly via the Norman.
Tandic jo flanna ny bourg encontrau jo Mary.
It was as I ambled through town that I met Mary.
/tanˈdɪk ʒo flaˈna ni ˈburg ˌɛn.kɔnˈtro maˈri/
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9m Decembr
excerpt in Borlish and English translation from Mashik-set spycraft trevold La te Hozuho Sineton (No Slumber Will Seize Him), written in 1943 by Yollamaniza Elcabir in the aftermath of the Horizic Wars and the bombing of his home city of Moshtar. A retired spy himself, his true-to-life depictions of the Mashik and Hasinick Ministries of Knowledge were revealing enough that he received persona non grata status throughout Gulf Mendeva. Furthermore, it was swiftly banned east of the Nile for its libertine morality typical of the post-Renovation Novamund (although as usual, New Provence provides an exception).
Acujan pausau un moment de scoc, e soulor appoyau afaç. Acujan stopped momentarily in surprise, then he pressed on.
"Deð apar, Monnir, façau repasc. Nos desbroðiau accougl. Tu's faur eð animant ne collocq. Jo poð oc luïr, faur eð animant ne collocq. De cal sfondra i ?" "Come on, Munir, let's have dinner. We get along. You're clever and interesting to talk to. I can pretend to be clever and interesting to talk to. What's the harm?"
Monnir cogleu un scaumel dy tablaur eð ençau a le movir lon solcið, ogl a Acujan pognant. Munir picked up a pen from his desk and started idly fidgeting with it, drawing Acujan's eye.
"Es l'idea te venuð, ig j'ay cos sengr y sunt exact d'amigtað colleger ratiocinað, oc recas por tu ouvr y laboriosessem, eð ig cossy jo so stant tell'aðombracer cruel ?” "Has it occurred to you that I've simply determined the precise level of camaraderie required for you to work most effectively, and have in this way been callously manipulating you?"
"I fo, ne vertað," sboccau Acujan. "Jo decideu l'ig m'attrag cos largecer." "It actually had," smirked Acujan. "I decided that would be incredibly attractive."
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8m Decembr
ovrar /oˈvrar/ [ʊˈvʀɑː] to function, to work correctly, to proceed without problems; also to behave, to follow procedure, to do as told
< from Old Boral ovrar "to work, to function, to labour", from both of Latin operō and operor "I work" (see also ouvr "work, act, deed, labour", from the corresponding noun opus, opera "work"). The “toil, labour” sense had by the Middle Boral period been displaced by laurar < labōrō and, briefly, trevaglar < Vulgar Latin tripaliō (now obsolete). In the sense of "to follow etiquette or instruction" (that is, as applied to people), the word is attested from the seventeenth century.
Veg alcot jo dig a mell'ivan d’ovrar, il voun un regul trovar a rompr.
However much I tell my kids to behave, they find some rule to break.
/ˈvi aˈgɔt ʒo ˈdaj a ˌme.liˈvan oˈvrar | ɪl ˈvun ɪn reˈgɪl troˈvar a ˈrɔm.pr̩/
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7m Decembr
hast pareïr /ˈhast ˌpa.riˈɪr/ [ˈhast ˌpa.ʀɪˈjɪː] to keep up, follow closely; match, be as competent as
< in use since the 13C in Middle Boral hast pareyir, literally meaning "to have the same speed". Extended to metaphorical use "to follow (someone's arguments), to keep up (with a lesson)" quickly, by 14C. More distant senses are seen only in the last two centuries. The noun hast "speed" is a borrowing from Old English hǣst "violence, strife", with semantic influence from Old Dutch hást "haste, hurry". The verb comes from parey “same, equal”, a dialect form from Vulgar Latin pariclus, from Latin pār “even, equal”.
Nostr y picq navel pareyeu hast admirabr coll'ig vostr.
Our little ship kept up admirably with your one.
/ˌnɔstr‿i ˈpɪk naˈvɛl ˌpa.riˈjaw ˈhast ˌad.miˈra.br̩ ko.laj ˈvɔstr̩/
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11m Novembr
fissar /fiˈsar/ [fɪˈsɑː] to hiss, fizz, whistle
< from Middle Boral fisçar "to whistle, hiss, sing (of birds)" (extension to fizzing liquids since 17C, birdsong sense overtaken by kisir around the same time), probably from Late Latin fistulō "I whistle, blow through a pipe". There was likely onomatopoeic alteration in the mediæval period; some even suggest that there is no direct connection to the Latin. Said Latin form is a verbal derivation from fistula "pipe, tube, hollow reed or cane, shepherd's pipe", from findō "I cleave, split".
Des fissau y bogloir jo le pris deur y foy .
When the kettle began to whistle I took it out of the fire.
/dez fiˈso i bɔjˈlɔjr ʒo le ˈprɪz dawr i ˈfɔj/
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21r Octobr
pagrmen /pɛjrˈmɛn/ [ˌpɛ.ʝɐˈmɛn] parchment, vellum, (erroneously) papyrus; scroll, codex
< 8C in those few monastic records that began to be written in the vernacular (in particular, the Tobarus source) in the nascent Kingdom of Borland. Often at first parȝmente with spurious ending as though from a -mentum nominal, this comes from Latin pergamīna "parchment" (see that the final syllable would normally yield -min but for the aforementioned analogy), originally referring to the Greek city of Pergamon, where it was invented as an alternative to Egyptian papyrus.
L'oc reliquat tien y pagrmen original dell'Accort Ducal.
This museum has the original parchment of the Ducal Accords.
/lɔk ˌre.liˈkwat ˈtjɛn y pɛjrˈmɛn oˌri.ʒiˈnal ˌde.laˈkɔrt diˈkal/
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10m Novembr
coyenç /koˈjɛnts/ [kʊjˈjɛns] dam, guard, barrier; prevention, protection
< 12C in late Old Boral coyenç "dam, barrier", a nominalisation (which is still transparent in the modern language) from coyir "to restrain, hold back, block" (modern coïr "to prevent"). Usage spread to abstract senses of prevention by the late 17C; see the phrase coyenç sanater "preventative medicine" as used in the contemporary scholastic literature.
L'ig coyenç accommet tant un pont a pieton.
That dam doubles as a pedestrian bridge.
/laj koˈjɛnts ˌa.koˈmɛt tant ɪn ˈpɔnt a pjeˈtɔn/
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30m Decembr
in translation from the censor's guide for the Dijon New School 2019 Concurrence History scitation paper La Famil, Costume et Langue : Les Muèsons de Culture aus Années Grand-Jeus (Family, Tradition and Language: the Changing Culture of the Good Game Decades), lectured jointly by Professor Marc Jeichi and Doctor Vanne Romaçue, the former in peripatetico from the University in Cordin.
Question 1: How did Britain [a polity comprising most of the British Isles bar IRL England] retain its position of cultural prestige over British Mendeva during the final years of the nineteenth century even as the latter overtook Britain in population and industry, and to what extent were the ethics of the Household Renovation exported to the Novamund via this cachet?
- for the first, look for talk of increased transmigration of the new rich across the Atlantic and rates of intermarriage thereamongst. - further, reward mention of the boom of the Vetomundine masquira genre and how it displaced the autochthonous herdtale tradition (spefically look for reference to Cosωteg's Hasiny diaries). - for the second, only give credit to responses highlighting the ongoing debate as to the timeline of Laic adoption in Gulf Mendeva; at least two disagreeing authors must be mentioned.
Question 2: Discuss the rise of the New Urban Mesh and their subsumption into the Collusion, with emphasis on the growth of London following the Global Workshop period. In particular, compare the popular account of their use of espionage in the East to steer politics in tradewise-beneficial directions with the likely reality.
- give credit for emphasising the role of maritime technology and especially access to coal in supporting the Urban trade. - look for responses which prove that the student has done more than watch 1968 film “Mr Desarden, Prince Consort”; that they are actually familiar with James Desarden's career in the City Administration both before his assignment to Nackon Dai and after the scandal of 1887.
#conlang#boral#conlanging#boralverse#conworld#alternate history#cottidian 2020#mondifex 2020#translation
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18m Octobr
spuðar /spiˈðar/ [spɪˈðɑː] to reject, abhor, refuse, repel
< from as early as 8C in Old Boral ispuðar "to reject, spit out, throw out", also "despise, loathe" (but those senses are lost by Middle Boral). This is from Late Latin exspūtō "I spit out, eject", a regularisation via the passive participle of third-declension exspuō, which has the same meaning. First used of magnetic material in the fifteenth century, in translation from Classical texts.
Euspeð saveu luy vale le spuðar, pu oy er i attragnt apar.
Elspeth realised she ought to reject him, but now she was intrigued.
/awˈspɛθ saˈvaw laj vaˈle le spiˈðar | pi ˈɔj ɛr i aˈtrɛjnt aˈpar/
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