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reallifesultanas · 4 years ago

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Portraits of the daughters of Murad III / Murad III lányainak portréja

Sultan Murad III has had at least 28 daughters born in his lifetime, but only a few of them are known by their names. Most of his daughters are lost in history as they died young or simply were insignificants in the political fields. During the epidemic of 1597-98, at least 17 daughters of Murad died. His two best-known daughters are Ayşe and Fatma, who were born from his favorite concubine, Safiye Sultan, but there were more daughters of his.

Ayşe Sultan

The exact birth-date of Ayşe is unknown, but she was most likely the eldest daughter of later Murad III and Safiye Sultan, so she was born between 1565 and 1570. She spent her childhood in her father's province of Manisa, until in 1574 her grandfather Selim II died. Then, following her father, she moved to Istanbul and settled in Topkapi Palace. Ayşe, together with her siblings, essentially grew up there, under the strict supervision of her mother and grandmother. There is no information about Ayşe’s relationship with her mother or grandmother, but her personality and nature make it likely that her grandmother, Nurbanu, played an important role in her upbringing. Moreover, we must not forget that Nurbanu wanted to marry Ayşe very hardly to her adoptive son. So maybe she liked Ayşe very much? Anyhow, in the end, the marriage did not happen.

The 1580s brought a big change in the life of Ayşe. Her mother and grandmother became tenser and tenser to each other and there was an increasingly fierce struggle between them. It finally peaked in 1583 when her mother was exiled from Topkapi Palace. According to some sources, Ayşe and her sisters accompanied Safiye to the Old Palace and spent the next roughly two years there. It is not known how this exile affected the relationship between Ayşe and her father. When her grandmother, Nurbanu, passed away, her mother gradually returned to the sultan’s grace and soon Safiye could plan her own and her daughter's wedding. Sultan Murad wanted to marry Safiye and marry off his daughter Ayşe to one of his trusted men.

Her first marriage took place in 1586, to Ibrahim Pasha, the beylerbey of Egypt. The wedding took place with huge celebrations which lasted for a week. Ayşe finally could be in the spotlight for a while after her exile in recent years. Soon, however, she moved to Egypt with her husband. Ibrahim Pasha was out of favor during Murad's reign, but with Murad's death his star began to rise the brother of Ayşe, Mehmed III, named his Grand Vezier three times. Thus Ayşe was able to live in the capital again, close to her family. Ibrahim Pasha died on July 10, 1601, and Ayşe was widowed. The pasha was buried in the Şehzade Mosque Complex along with his two children, a boy and a girl who most probably were the children of Ayşe and the pasha, but they died as infants.

However, she could not enjoy her widowhood for long. In April 1602, Ayşe was remarried, this time to Yemişci Hasan Pasha. Ayşe had no intention of marrying the pasha at all because the man was known as a tough man who was rude and ignorant. Despite all her resentment, under the pressure of her mother, the marriage happened but was a short-lived one. Yemişci Hasan Pasa soon fell out of the favor of the sultan (or rather the favor of Safiye) and was sentenced to death. Ayşe pleaded her mother and the sultan to spare her husband’s life and allow them to go on a pilgrimage to purify themselves or go into voluntary exile to Egypt. However, the sultan refused his sister’s request and told her that if she clung so much to her husband, she could follow him to death. It is not known whether Ayşe ended up begging for her husband’s life out of a sense of duty or she started to like him in the meantime. Yemişci Hasan Pasha hid in Ayşe's palace, but was found and executed on October 18, 1603, and Ayşe was widowed again. Somewhat nuanced the romantic image of Ayşe begging for her husband’s life, that some say she fell in love with Güzelce Mahmud Pasha when her husband was still alive. This Güzelce Mahmud pasha did his best to execute Yemişci Hasan Pasha. Güzelce Mahmud Pasa tried to forge his own fortune in this way and in the end he managed it.

Sultan Mehmed III soon passed away, so Ayşe was married off by her nephew, Ahmed I, this time to Güzelce Mahmud Pasha, her lover in 1604. This marriage did not last long either, as Ayşe died on 15 May 1605. She has done a lot of charity during her short life. In 1603, she established a fountain in the garden of the Şehzade Mosque complex in memory of her first husband, as well as a fountain in other parts of the capital and had a bridge built in the countryside. She also explained in detail in her testament how she wanted to help people even after her death. According to her will, she freed all her servants; 10,000 akces were set aside to be paid for those in prison for debt; she sacrificed 2,000 akces to help the needy, the sick, the poor, and orphans; she wished to distribute the remainder among the poor of Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem; and she sacrificed a certain amount to set free the imprisoned Muslims during the wars, on the proviso that the female prisoners must be set free first. She was buried in her father’s mausoleum at Aya Sofiya.

Fatma Sultan

The exact date of Fatma's birth is unknown, but it is certain that she was younger than Ayşe, and perhaps even Mehmed. She was most likely born between 1570 and 1575. Like her sister, she was the child of the later Sultans Murad III and Safiye. She spent the first few years of her life in her father's province of Manisa, then moved to Istanbul in 1574 when her father became a sultan. Her mother's exile in 1583 brought serious changes in her life, as she probably accompanied her mother, Safiye, to the Old Palace along with her sisters. Soon, however, they returned to the sultan's favor and were able to go home to Topkapi Palace.

On December 8, 1593, her father married off her to Admiral Halil Pasha in a huge ceremony. The ambassadors made detailed descriptions of the wedding ceremony. The marriage turned out to be a happy one, Fatma and Halil Pasha fit together perfectly, and they also tried to support Safiye Sultan in her intrigues. In 1595 the head of the fleet, Halil Pasha, did not left Istanbul with his fleet because Fatma was pregnant and wanted her husband to be by her side. This also suggests that it was a good marriage and that Safiye liked Halil. From their marriage, a child was born in the fall of 1595, Sultanzade Mahmud Bey, who died in 1598, presumably as a result of an epidemic. Halil Pasha died in 1603 and Fatma was widowed.

Some sources say she was married to Cafer Pasha, a vizier, shortly after Halil Pasha’s death, but others dispute this. Then in 1604 his nephew, Ahmed I, married her off to Hızır Pasha. The exact time of Fatma's death is disputed, but she probably died in early 1620. She was buried in hwe father’s mausoleum at Aya Sofiya as her sister Ayşe.

Hüma / Hümaşah Sultan

Hümaşah was also the daughter of the late Murad III and was born in his Manisa province, which is why historians conclude that she was also Safiye’s daughter, so she is the full-sister of Ayşe and Fatma. She was named after Murad’s cousin, Hümaşah, who presented Safiye to Murad in the past. This fact also suggests that Hümaşah was the daughter of Safiye. Some sources believed for years that she became the wife of Sokolluzade Lala Mustafa Pasha before 1580, based on which it was thought that she was the first child ot Murad and Safiye. However, it is now certain that she was only mistaken with Hümaşah, the daughter of Şehzade Mehmed (son of Hürrem), who was truly the wife of Sokolluzade Lala Mustafa Pasha. Thus, it is certain that Hümaşah married only once in her life, to Nişar Mustafazade Mehmed Pasha, but the date of the wedding is unknown. However, Hümaşah was never mentioned once after the pasha's death in 1586, nor was she included in the harem registers, which clearly suggests that she died in the 1580s.

Fahriye Sultan

Murad III ended his monogamous relationship with Safiye around 1583 and accepted dozens of concubines from then on. One anonymous concubine gave birth to Fahriye Sultan between 1585 and 1590. Fahriye's first marriage took place only after the death of her father, by her nephew - who was about the same age as her - Ahmed I, who married her to Çuhadar Ahmed Pasha in 1604. Others say Bosnian Sofu Bayram Pasha was her husband. In 1618 she was widowed and retired to the Old Palace. She never remarried and lived her remaining years within the walls of the Old Palace before she died in 1641 (or after).

Rukiye Sultan

The names of most of Murad III’s new concubines did not survive, but Rukiye’s mother did. Her name was Şemsiruhsar Hatun, who established a foundation during her lifetime and died around 1613. Rukiye may have been born in Murad's last years, as her first marriage did not take place until 1613. Nakkaş Haşan Pasha was chosen as a groom by Sultan Ahmed. The pasha was the leader of the Janissaries, and later the governor of Rumelia and Kubbe Vizier. It is not known whether any child was born from this marriage or not. Also, no information has survived about their marriage. Rukiye is not mentioned at all after her husband's death in 1623, so it is possible that she died before her husband.

Mihrimah, Mihriban, Fetihye and Hatice

Mihrimah Sultan was born between 1585 and 1590 as the daughter of an anonymous concubine and Murad III. Her nephew, Ahmed I, married her to Mirahur Ahmed Pasha in 1604, but nothing else is known about her.

All that is known about Mihriban Sultan is that she married to Topal Mehmed Aga and was buried in her father’s mausoleum.

Fetihye Sultan and Hatice Sultan were also Murad's daughters, but no information remained about them.

Used sources: L. Peirce - The imperial harem; M. P. Pedani - Safiye's household and Venetian diplomacy; G. Börekçi - Factions and favourites at the courts of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603-17) and his immediate predecessors; Necdet Sakaoğlu - Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları

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III. Murad szultánnak legalább 28 leánygyermeke született élete során, azonban csak néhányukról áll rendelekzésünkre kielégítő mennyiségű információ. Legtöbb lányának a neve sem maradt fenn és sokuk hunyt el fiatalon. Az 1597-98as időszak járványai során legalább 17 lánya hunyt például el. Két legismertebb lánya Ayşe és Fatma, akik kedvenc ágyasától, Safiye szultánától születtek.

Ayşe Sultan

Ayşe pontos születési ideje nem ismert, ám nagy valószínűséggel ő volt a legidősebb lánya III. Muradnak és Safiye szultánának, így 1565 és 1570 között jöhetett világra. Gyermekkorát apja maniszai tartományában töltötte, mígnem 1574-ben nagyapja II. Szelim elhunyt. Ekkor apját követve Isztambulba költöztek és a Topkapi Palotában rendezkedtek be. Ayşe testvéreivel együtt lényegében itt nőtt fel, anyja és nagyanyja szigorú felügyelete alatt. Nem maradt fenn információ arról, hogy Ayşe milyen viszonyban volt édesanyjával vagy nagyanyjával, személyisége és természete azonban valószínűsíti, hogy nagyanyja, Nurbanu szultána fontos szerepet töltött be nevelésében. Emellett nem szabad elfeljetünk azt sem, hogy Nurbanu komoly erőfeszítéseket tett, hogy az örökbefogadott fiához adhassa nőül Ayşét. Talán Ayşe közel állt Nurbanuhoz és emiatt akarta ennyire egy általa jó partinak tartott férfihoz nőül adni? Akárhogy is, végül a frigyből nem lett semmi.

Az 1580-as évek nagy változást hoztak Ayşe életébe is. Anyja és nagyanyja egyre inkább egymásnak feszültek és egyre kiélezettebb harc folyt köztük. Ez végül 1583-ban tetőzött, mikor édesanyját, Nurbanu szultána nyomására száműzték a Topkapi Palotából. Egyes források szerint Ayşe és húgai is Safiye szultánával tartottak a Régi Palotába és az elkövetkezendő nagyjából két évet ott töltötték. Nem tudni, hogy hogyan hatott ez a száműzetés Ayşe és apja viszonyára. Mikor nagyanyja, Nurbanu szultána elhunyt, édesanyja fokozatosan visszakerült a szultán kegyeibe és hamarosan anyjával közösen tervezhették az esküvőjüket. Murad szultán ugyanis feleségül kívánta venni Safiye szultánát, lányát Ayşét pedig ki akarta házasítani.

Első házasságára 1586-ban került sor, Egyiptom beglerbégjéhez, Ibrahim Pasához adták nőül. Az esküvő hatalmas ünnepségekkel zajlott és egy hétig tartott. Ayşe az elmúlt évek száműzetése után a középpontba kerülhetett egy időre. Hamarosan azonban férjével együtt Egyiptomba költözött. Ibrahim Pasa Murad uralkodása során kegyvesztett lett, azonban Murad halálával csillaga emelkedni kezdett és háromszor is viselhette a nagyvezíri posztot Ayşe bátyja, III. Mehmed mellett. Így Ayşe újra a fővárosban élhetett, közel családjához. Ibrahim Pasa 1601 július 10-én hunyt el, Ayşe pedig megözvegyült. A pasát a Şehzade mecsetkomplexumban helyezték örök nyugalomra két gyermekével együtt. Egy fiú és egy lány fekszik mellette, akik minden bizonnyal Ayşéval közös gyermekeik voltak és gyermekként elhunytak.

Özvegységét azonban nem élvezhette sokáig. 1602 áprilisában Ayşét újra férjhez adták, ezúttal Yemişci Hasan Pasához. Ayşének egyáltalán nem állt szándékában hozzámenni a pasához, mert a férfi kemény ember hírében állt, aki arcátlan és faragatlan volt. Minden ellenérzése ellenére is anyja nyomására a frigy megköttetett, ám rövidéletűnek bizonyult. Yemişci Hasan Pasa hamarosan kiesett a szultán (vagy inkább Safiye valide szultána) kegyeiből, amiért halálra ítélték. Ayşe szultána könyörgött édesanyjának és a szultánnak is, hogy kíméljék meg férje életét és engedjék, hogy zarándokútra menjenek, hogy megtisztulhassanak vagy önkéntes száműzetésbe vonuljanak Egyiptomba. A szultán azonban elutasította húga kérését és azt mondta neki, hogy ha ennyire ragaszkodik a férjéhez, akkor kövesse a halálba. Nem tudni, hogy Ayşe végül csak kötelességtudatból könyörgött férje életéért vagy időközben megszerette őt. Yemişci Hasan Pasa Ayşe palotájában rejtőzködött, ám kivégzői megtalálták és 1603 október 18-án kivégezték, Ayşe pedig újra megözvegyült. Némileg árnyalja a romantikus képet a férje életéért könyörgő Ayşéről az, hogy egyesek szerint még férje életében beleszeretett Güzelce Mahmud Pasába, aki önmaga is mindent megtett, hogy Yemişci Hasan Pasát kivégezzék. Güzelce Mahmud Pasa saját szerencséjét igyekezett ily módon kovácsolni.

III. Mehmed szultán hamarosan elhunyt, így a szultánát legközelebb unokaöccse, I. Ahmed házasította ki, ezúttal Güzelce Mahmud Pasához 1604-ben. Ez a házasság sem tartott sokáig, Ayşe ugyanis 1605. május 15-én elhunyt. Rövid élete során rengeteget jótékonykodott. 1603-ban a Şehzade-mecset komplexum területén létesített egy kutat első férje emlékére, valamint a főváros más részén is létrehozott egy kutat, vidéken pedig eg hidat építtetett. Végrendeletében is részletesen kifejtette, miképp szeretne halála után is segíteni az embereknek. Végrendelete szerint az összes szolgálóját felszabadíttatta; 10 000 akcét elkülönített arra, hogy a tartozás miatt börtönben ülőket kiváltsák; 2000 akcét arra áldozott, hogy a nélkül��zőket, betegeket, szegényeket és árvákat megsegítse; a maradékot Mekka, Medina és Jeruzsálem szegényei között óhajtotta szétosztani; egy bizonyos összeget pedig arra áldozott, hogy a háborúk során bebörtönzött muszlim fogjokat kiválthassanak, azzal a kitétellel, hogy először a női fogjokat kell kiváltani. Apja mauzóleumában helyezték örök nyugalomra az Aya Sofiyában.

Fatma Sultan

Fatma pontos születési ideje nem ismert, az azonban bizonyos, hogy Ayşénél fiatalabb volt, sőt talán Mehmednél is. 1570 és 1575 között születhetett legnagyobb valószínűség szerint. Nővéréhez hasonlóan a későbbi III. Murad és Safiye szultána gyermeke volt és első néhány évét apja maniszai tartományában töltötte, majd 1574-ben Isztambulba költözött, mikor apjából szultán lett. Életében komoly változásokat hozott anyja 1583-as száműzetése, ugyanis valószínűleg lánytestvéreivel együtt elkísérte anyját Safiyét a Régi Palotába. Hamarosan azonban vissza kerültek a szultán kegyeibe és hazatérhettek a Topkapi Palotába.

1593. december 8-án apja férjhez adta őt a tengernagy Halil Pasához hatalmas ünnepség keretei között. A házasság boldognak bizonyult, Fatma és Halil Pasa remekül összeillettek, Safiye szultánát is igyekeztek együtt támogatni annak intrikáiban. Boldog házasságukat és Safiye szultána támogatását jól bizonyítja, hogy 1595-ben a flotta feje, Halil Pasa nem utazott el a flottával együtt hadjáratra, ugyanis Fatma várandós volt és maga mellett akarta tudni férjét. Házasságukból egy gyermek született 1595 őszén, Sultanzade Mahmud bég, aki 1598-ban hunyt el, feltehetőleg járvány következtében. Halil Pasa 1603-ban elhunyt, Fatma pedig megözvegyült.

Egyes források szerint nemsokkal Halil Pasa halála után Cafer Pasához, egy vezírhez ment hozzá, mások azonban vitatják ezt. 1604-ben aztán unokaöccse, I. Ahmed házasította ki a szultánát Hızır Pasához. Fatma pontos halálozási ideje vitatott, ám valószínűleg 1620 elején halt meg. Apja mauzóleumában helyezték örök nyugalomra az Aya Sofiyában.

Hüma/Hümaşah Sultan

Hümaşah szultána is a későbbi III. Murad maniszai háremében született, emiatt következtetnek arra a történészek, hogy ő is Safiye lánya volt, így tehát Ayşe és Fatma édestestvére. Nevét minden bizonnyal Murad unokatestvére, Hümaşah után kapta, aki annak idején Safiye szultánát Muradnak ajándékozta. Ez a tény is arra enged következtetni, hogy Hümaşah Safiye lánya volt. Egyes források úgy vélték évekig, hogy Sokolluzade Lala Mustafa Pasa felesége lett még 1580 előtt, ez alapján őt gondolták későbbi III. Murad és Safiye első gyermekének. Azonban ma már bizonyos, hogy csupán Şehzade Mehmed (Hürrem fia) lányával Hümaşahval keverték össze, aki valóban Sokolluzade Lala Mustafa Pasa neje volt. Így bizonyos, hogy Hümaşah csak egyszer házasodott meg életében, Nişar Mustafazade Mehmed Pasával, ám ennek ideje nem ismert. Hümaşah azonban a pasa 1586-os halála után egyszer sem volt említve, nem szerepelt a hárem jegyzőkönyvekben sem, ami egyértelműen arra utal, hogy az 1580-as években elhunyt.

Fahriye Sultan

III. Murad 1583-tól kezdődően befejezte monogám kapcsolatát Safiye szultánával és több tucat ágyasnak is gyermeket nemzett. Egyik névtelen ágyas hozta világra Fahriye szultánát 1585 és 1590 között. Fahriye első házasságára csupán édesapja halála után került sor, nagybátyja - a vele nagyjából egykorú - I. Ahmed által, aki Çuhadar Ahmed Pasához adta nőül 1604-ben. Mások szerint a bosnyák Sofu Bayram Pasa vette el a szultánát. 1618-ban megözvegyült és a Régi Palotába vonult vissza. Sosem házasodott újra. A Régi Palota falai között élte le hátra lévő éveit, mielőtt 1641-ben (vagy utána) elhunyt.

Rukiye Sultan

III. Murad legtöbb új ágyasának neve nem maradt fenn, Rukiye anyjáé azonban igen. Şemsiruhsar Hatunnak hívták, aki élete során alapítványt hozott létre és 1613 körül hunyt el. Rukiye Murad utolsó éveiben születhetett, ugyanis első házasságára csupán 1613-ban került sor. Nakkaaş Haşan Pasát jelölte ki Ahmed szultán a szultána férjének, aki a janicsárok vezetője volt, majd később Rumélia helytartója és Kubbe vezír. Nem tudni, hogy született e gyermekük és a házasságukról sem maradt fenn információ. Rukiyét férje 1623-as halála után egyáltalán nem említik, így lehetséges, hogy már férje előtt elhunyt.

Mihrimah, Mihriban, Fetihye és Hatice

Mihrimah Sultan III. Murad és egy névtelen ágyas lányaként született 1585 és 1590 között. Unokaöccse, I. Ahmed házasította ki 1604-ben Mirahur Ahmed Pasához, ám semmi mást nem tudni róla.

Mihriban Sultanról annyit tudni, hogy Topal Mehmed Agához ment nőül és apja mauzóleumában helyezték örök nyugalomra.

Fetihye Sultan és Hatice Sultan is Murad lányai voltak, azonban semmi információ nem maradt fenn róluk.

Felhasznált források: L. Peirce - The imperial harem; M. P. Pedani - Safiye's household and Venetian diplomacy; G. Börekçi - Factions and favourites at the courts of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603-17) and his immediate predecessors; Necdet Sakaoğlu - Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları

#Murad III #safiye sultan #ayşe #fatma #rukiye sultan #şemsiruhsar sultan

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fymagnificentwomcn · 5 years ago

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What we have is half a century of transition, at the heart of which the Haile-i Osmaniye is located, through which forces of change and continuity run concurrently; toward the second half of the seventeenth century, however, seniority was clearly seen to prevail. Another possible explanation for the survival and enthronement of Mustafa is the ascendancy of the valide sultan both in itself and at the expense of the haseki sultan. Peirce convincingly entitles Süleyman’s reign (1520 – 66) the age of the haseki and the period from Süleyman’s death to the emergence of the Köprülü grand vezirs (1566 –1656) that of the valide. These insightful observations, taken a step further, suggest that the haseki institution was less in congruity with the dynasty’s history than the overwhelming dominance of the valide. Also, we seem to have in the period 1520 –1656 a historical process in which personalities carry a substantial explanatory force. These are Kanuni Sultan Süleyman and his consort and then wife, Hürrem Sultan, at the beginning of the process and Kösem Sultan, haseki of Ahmed I and valide of Murad IV and Ibrahim I, at a crucial juncture. Rather than being the zenith of Ottoman civilization, as the traditional Orientalist narrative of a subsequent decline has framed it, Süleyman’s reign seems to have been, in certain respects, strewn with “irregularities,” among which the royal household seems to have figured prominently: for example, the unprecedented and never again repeated status of his beloved daughter Mihrimah. I think that the explanation of the rise of the haseki institution and its demise owes much to the particular personalities of Süleyman and Hürrem and to their relationship as the royal couple. At the risk of being simplistic, I would venture that the haseki institution and Hürrem's personality and the influence she wielded on Süleyman were inseparable. In a similar vein, though in a way more typical of the ruling house’s history, the explanation for the decline of the haseki and the re-emergence of the valide in the first decades of the seventeenth century has much to do with Kösem’s personality and the fact that in she had ceased being a haseki and, if she were to regain power, could obtain it only from the position of valide sultan. The woman who might have played a crucial role in Mustafa I’s survival was not his mother but his brother’s (Ahmed I’s) consort, Kösem Sultan. She must have realized the personal gain that might stem from the transition to seniority, coupled with the fact that she was no longer haseki but had sons “in waiting.” And indeed, according to the Venetian ambassador, Kösem 'lobbied to spare Mustafa the fate of fratricide with the ulterior goal of saving her own sons from the same fate.' Mustafa’s own valide, an Abkhasian consort of Mehmed III’s whose name is unknown, turned out to be, though not at all insignificant, no Kösem. From the revealing use Peirce makes of the privy purse registers to establish the harem’s institutional and personal hierarchies, it is evident that she was not one of the outstanding harem personalities of the period, like Nurbanu and Safiye earlier and Turhan later. However, while Mustafa’s mother may not have been as instrumental as Kösem in saving her son from fratricide, his mental state allowed her to assume center stage as regent, especially during his second, longer reign. From her location in the Old Palace she was a key figure in the deposition and assassination of Osman II and showed that she was no stranger to the art of damad (son-in-law) politics.

Taken from: An Ottoman Tragedy: History and Historiography at Play by Gabriel Piterberg

#historicalquotes #ottoman history #history #kosem sultan #hurrem sultan #halime sultan #quote #the statement of how Suleymanic period was irregular is so apt #it was also both the peak and transitory period in many ways IMO #more complex than different narratives (on any extreme) try to make it to be

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aethelfleds · 8 years ago

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March 21, 1522 - The Birth of Mihrimah Sultan

Mihrimah was the only daughter of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Hurrem Sultan. She was the second of five surviving children, with one older brother and three younger brothers, though it has been theorized that she had a twin brother who did not survive infancy. Mihrimah’s mother Hurrem Sultan was a concubine to Sultan Suleiman, but was freed and became Suleiman’s legal wife, or Haseki Sultan. This was an unprecedented move.

Mihrimah herself was married to Rustem, Governor of Diyarbakır, at the age of seventeen. Rustem would later become Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. The marriage was not a happy one, though Mihrimah bore at least two children. Mihrimah was a great patroness of the arts during this time and sponsored the building of several mosques. Suleiman particularly favored Mihrimah and the two spent much time traveling together. It was Mihrimah who encouraged her father to go on campaign against Malta, and had 400 galleys built at her own expense for this purpose. Mihrimah was an extremely wealthy woman, and would later loan 50,000 gold sovereigns to her brother Sultan Selm II.

Upon the death of Hurrem Sultan, Mihrimah became even closer to her father and served as his counselor. She took a very active role in politics. She may also have had a part in the execution of her half-brother Mustafa. Mihrimah was part of the Sultanate of Women, which was effectively begun by her mother. This was a century in which the wives and mothers of Ottoman sultans enjoyed a remarkable amount of influence in government. Because of her mother’s death, Mihirimah acted at Valide Sultan for her brother Selim II, a role which was typically reserved for the Sultan’s mother. This meant that Mihrimah dominated the sultan’s harem, which was at this time a place of increasing political influence. Mihrimah Sultan took an extremely active role in her brother’s reign, but her power was greatly diminished upon Selim’s death. It is not known if Mihrimah retired or accepted a less influential role under her nephew Murad III. She died four years after her brother on January 25, 1578. Mihrimah’s resting place is in the Süleyman Mosque complex, next to her father.

#boy was i cutting it close with this one #mihrimah sultan #hurrem sultan #suleiman the magnificent #selim ii #ottoman empire #sultanate of women #16th century #art #my art

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nellygwyn · 8 years ago

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Who are your top 10 favorite women from the Sultanate of Women? :)

omg I love you??? This cheered me up immensely. I actually just made a post about Kösem on Instagram so I am ready to go on this.

Hürrem Sultan, obviously. I feel like you either hate her or you love her. Me? I love her and I hope I get to visit her mausoleum one day.

Nurbanu Sultan. Firstly, she and Sultan Selim are….relationship goals??? I love how he tried to outshine the amount of money his father spent on his wedding to Hürrem, when he married Nurbanu. Nurbanu fired a man because he said that women couldn’t rule empires properly. Also, I know it’s more likely that her Italian name was “Cecilia” but there’s also the possibility her Italian name was “Olivia” SO

Kösem Sultan. Like….she was regent of the Ottoman Empire not once but TWICE? Twice Valide Sultan? Basically the most powerful woman in Ottoman history? How do you even…..get that lucky and fabulous? She was so good. At everything.

Mihrimah Sultan. Because like, again, one of the most powerful women in Ottoman history except this time, she was a princess, daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and Hürrem and she absolutely rocked and was deeply involved in politics during the reign of her father and her brother, Selim. And I love this portrait of her:

isn’t she just beautiful? Honestly. Gorgeous.

Safiye Sultan. A) She was Murad III’s haseki and he had to be pushed into having sex with other women by his mother, Nurbanu, because he just…would not leave Safiye. B) She was an excellent and powerful Valide for her son, Mehmed. C) Even as a grandmother, she was still on top until she literally had to be forced out during the reign of her grandson, Ahmed. D) She kept up a correspondence with Elizabeth I and they exchanged gifts and letters and I WISH THEY’D MET BECAUSE I WOULD CRY. Also, apparently, when one of the gifts from Elizabeth was delivered, a carriage I believe, Safiye took a liking to the Englishman who delivered it (his name was Paul Pindar) and called him to her private chambers afterwards but their meeting was stopped :( Rude.

Turhan Hatice Sultan. I love how she resolved the diplomatic crisis between Louis XIV’s France and the Ottoman Empire by ordering French ships to give her the royal salute and they had to fire their cannons loudly and for ages. She was having none of Louis’ shit (I love him but come on, you don’t tell a country/empire you’re trying to be friends with that you’re superior to them. Especially one effectively ruled by Turhan Hatice Sultan). Um, also???? Possibly bisexual or even lesbian??? Devoted to her servant, Meliki Hatun???? YES???

Rabia Gülnuş Sultan. Not really well known but man, she was feisty as fuck. You know, they think she pushed her rival, Gülbeyaz, off a cliff just to get rid of her. And she was known as “Mahpare” which means “Slice of the moon.”

Halime Sultan. I know we know very little about Halime. In fact, we don’t even know what her name was. But from what we do know, she sounds so mysterious, consulting religious seers and such to predict when her rivals would die, and she also sounds like a pretty devoted mother. It must’ve been extremely hard for her when her first son, Mahmud, was murdered.

Handan Sultan. Again, we know very little about her but she interests me greatly. She sounds very politically savvy. The fact that anyone who wanted to pass a message to Sultan Ahmed had to go through her first is really cool to me; he must’ve had a great respect for his mother. Also, her death is pretty mysterious since she died so young. There are lots of theories, even suicide is suggested.

Mahidevran Sultan. Okay, you know what? I know it’s controversial to include her and many just call her Mahidevran Hatun but dammit, she was cool, whatever her status! And she protected her son, Mustafa, with such precision. It’s such a shame that they got him in the end.

I also love Ayse Sultan (Murad IV’s Ayse) even though I know there’s literally nothing about her, save for how many aspers she received and the fact she was probably Murad’s only haseki until a second haseki appears in the record at the end of his reign. Oh, and I love Hatice Mu’azzez Sultan simply because we know she was mild-mannered and gentle and actually became friends with Turhan Hatice Sultan, who could’ve been her rival.

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ottomanladies · 21 days ago

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I need to comment on the latest discussions.

I gave my best to discover identities of daughters of Murad III. I saw recent discussions with another sender, where I could agree that beylerbeyi of Greece from 1590 was Hizir Pasha. I thought that it was Boyali Mehmed Pasha because he was referred as Damad in Index, and I really thought that he was the brother-in-law of sister of Shehzade Mehmed mentioned from 1591...

Anyway, my final word is that it was Hizir Pasha, thanks to the sender rhaenahanzades, I appreciate that discovery. But, I would firmly and undoubtedly stay beside my first claims, that those two daughters of Murad III engaged in August 1590 were both daughters of Safiye. Very interesting, it seems that Fatma was said to be beautiful by ambassador. I provided you from three good sources that Siyavuş Pasha was promised to the Murad III’s (and Safiye’s) daughter. I am glad that you agree with me that Matheo Zane couldn’t missed age of Sultana so much, she wasn’t 26 y.o. in 1592 as he reported but 27-28 y.o., but it doesn’t matter, the point is the same; he was engaged to the eldest one. As Ayşe Sultan was at the time Ibrahim’s wife, and Fatma Sultan was negotiated between Halil Pasha and Hizir Pasha, it must be another daughter. As Sureyya Bey noted that Mihrimah Sultan was the eldest daughter of Murad III when he died, it was surely her. Beside, we know she wasn’t healthy Sultana and that had health issues, her life must have passed confined to Topkapi Palace, I believe. Don’t forget Hümaşah Sultan, who was also Safiye’s daughter, but it seems that she was born between 1580 and 1582, and, as she reached her marriageable age during reign of her brother Mehmed III, we don’t know nothing about her from early 1590s, as she was a child at the time. Her marriage to Hasan Pasha, according to ambassador from early 1610s, appeared during reign of Mehmed III. Anyway, as I said hundred times by now, all four of them were Safiyes. It is my proudest discovery in this sphere, and I am glad you recognized it.

I saw your comment on my analysis of daughters of Mehmed III, and I would agree with much things, but not all of them.

I agree that we don’t know when exactly daughter of Mehmed III, Ayşe Sultan, married Destari Mustafa Pasha. As he died in 1610, it must have been between 1601-1604. I mean, yeah, she could have been the eldest of Mehmed. But we don’t have enough evidence for now to claim it. You didn’t answer me on my questions, who was Ayşe Sultan married to Hüsrev Pasha, I send you some sources. As you saw, Oztuna (who is most occasionally wrong and incorrect) gave strong opinion that it was Mehmed III’s daughter. Maybe he didn’t mishit that time.

I would still suggest that Şah Sultan was most surely wife of (Mirahur) Mustafa Pasha who died in 1610. 82 n. defteri proves it. Check Sicill-I Osmani, Mustafa Pasha was Mirahur until he married sister of Ahmed I and became vizier, so it was him, as he was referred in decision as late vizier. As we all know it’s a fact that Mustafa Pasha’s wife was remarried to Mahmud Bey. So, his wife was Şah Sultan, not Hatice Sultan as Oztuna wrongly suggested. I didn’t realised why you didn’t agree she was full-sister of Ahmed I, when two sources I provided you mentioned her as that. As Mahmud Bey remarried in 1620, and Şah Sultan was still alive in 1617, I believe she died somewhere in 1618.

Mehmed III did have daughter Hatice, and we only know that she had a husband Mustafa Agha who died before 1617. I sometimes wonder if she was the eldest one…. Anyway, I’m between Ayşe and Hatice for options on eldest daughter of Mehmed III. We also know that she has a grave in Sehzade Complex, but someone mixed her husband Mustafa Agha, as Mirahur Mustafa Pasha, who was Şah Sultan’s husband.

Now, maybe I didn’t provide the best document to prove that Suleiman Bey was Kara Davud Pasha’s son, because I provided document from 1687 where are mentioned his daughters Ayşe, Safiye and Afife. Well, here’s the document from 1662:

III. Murad’ın kızı Fahrî Sultan’ın kocası Dilâver Paşa’dan intikal eden malları satan vekili Süleyman Bey’den herhangi bir alacağı kalmadığı Husûs-ı âti’l-beyânı mahallinde tahrîr için kıbel-i şer‘den bi’t-taleb irsâl olunan mevlânâ Sâlih Efendi b. Mehmed, ol dahi zeyl-i kitâbda muharrerü’l-esâmî olan müslimîn ile medîne-i hazret-i Ebâ Eyyûb el-Ensârî -dâme fî rıdvâni’l-Bârî- de vâki‘ Debbâğlar Deresi demekle ma‘rûf mahalde sâkine fahrü’l-muhadderât zevi’l-muvakkarât tâcü’l-mestûrât aliyyetü’z-zât safiyyetü’s-sıfât Fahrî Sultan bt. el-merhûm el-mebrûr ed-darrâc ilâ medârici rahmeti Rabbihi’l-gafûr Sultan Murad Hân -aleyhi’r-rahmeti ve’l-gufrân- hazretlerinin sa‘âdet-hânelerine varılıp akd-i meclis-i şer‘-i şerîf olundukda, sultân-ı müşârün-ileyhâ meclis-i ma‘kūd-ı mezkûrda, işbu kitâb-ı sıhhat-nisâbın sâhibi kıdvetü’l-emâcid ve’l-ekârim câmi‘ü’l-mehâmid ve’l-mekârim Sultanzâde Süleyman Bey b. el-merhûm Davud Paşa mahzarında tav‘an ikrâr ve takrîr-i kelâm edip bundan akdem fevt olan zevcim merhûm Dilâver Paşa zimmetinde mütekarrir olan mehr-i müeccelim mukābelesinde mecmû‘-ı muhallefâtı hatt-ı şerîf-i sa‘âdet-makrûn ile bana ihsân buyurulmağın ben dahi muhallefât-ı müteveffâ-yı mezbûru izn-i hâkim-i askerî ile sûk-ı sultânîde semen-i misli ile bey‘ ve kabz-ı semen ve bana îsâle mûmâ-ileyh Süleyman Bey’i tarafımdan vekîl ve nâib-i menâb nasb ve ta‘yîn eylediğimde ol dahi vekâlet-i mezbûreyi kabûl ve târih-i mezbûrda mahrûse-i Galata’da kassâm-ı askerî olan Hasan Efendi ma‘rifetiyle muhallefât-ı müteveffâ-yı mezbûru sûk-ı sultânîde bi’l-vekâle bey‘ ve kabz-ı semen eyledikden sonra defter-i kassâm mûcebince makbûzu olan meblağı tamamen bana def‘ ve teslîm, ben dahi kabz ve tesellüm etmişidim el-hâletü hâzihî husûs-ı mezbûra ve mütâlebât ve eymân ve muhâsamâtdan mûmâ-ileyh Süleyman Bey’in zimmetini ibrâ-i âmm-ı kātı‘ü’n-nizâ‘ ile ibrâ ve iskāt eyledim min ba‘d mûmâ-ileyh Süleyman Bey ile merhûm Dilâver Paşa muhallefâtına ve sâir husûsa müte‘allik da‘vâ ve nizâ‘ım yokdur, zuhûr dahi ederse lede’l-hükkâmi’l-kirâm kebîrihimi’llâhi’l-meliki’l-Allâm mesmû‘a ve makbûle olmasın deyicek gıbbe’t-tasdîki’ş-şer‘iyyi’l-vicâhiyyi’l-mu‘teber mâ hüve’l-vâki‘ kayd şüd. Fi’l-yevmi’s-sâbi‘ min şehri Ramazâni’l-mübârek li sene isneteyn ve seb‘în ve elf.

I have no doubt he was Kara Davud Pasha’s son, but names of his daughters gave me reason to believe that Safiye was maybe name of his mother mentioned in harem register of 1638. But, it could still be daughter of Murad III, because 4 husbands out of 7 were named Mehmed in 1613 wedding og Murad III’s daughters. Still, there are no enough evidence to claim whose daughter she was, but one of those two padishahs, yes...

Beside, I see there are some questions about identity of Mihriban Sultan. Actually, she was daughter of Şehzade Bayezid, but for some reason, she was referred as Mihriban, not Mihrimah. She was still alive in 1610s. Those endowments or vakfiyes or whatever were hers…

Mihriban Sultan bt. [Şehzade] Bayezid Han’ın ev vakfı Mâ-hüve’l-muharrerü fîhî mine’l-vakfi ve şerâitihi ve’l-habsi ve zavâbitihi sahha ledeyye ve sebbete beyne yedeyye hakemtü bi-sıhhatihî ve lüzûmihî fî-husûsihî ve umûmihî âlimen bi-hilâfi’l-cârî beyne’l-eimmeti’l-eslâf ve ene’l-abdü’l-fakīr Mehmed Es‘ad b. Mehmed el-Kâssâm-ı askerî bi-medîneti Kostantıniyyetüil-mahmiye -ufiye anhümâ ve gufire lehâ ve ba‘d işbu kitâbın tahrîrine bâ‘is budur ki; sâhibetü’l-hayrât fahrü’l-muhadderât Mihriban Sultan bt. Sultan Bayezid Hân tarafından vakf-ı âti’z-zikri ikrâra vekîl olup Maksud Bey b. Abdullah ve Mirzâ Bey b. Mucur nâm kimesneler şehâdetleriyle şer‘an vekâleti sâbite olan fahrü’l-akrân Mehmed Çelebi b. Abdürreyyân meclis-i şer‘-i kavîmde müvekkile-i müşârun-ileyh[â] hazretler[i] vakf-ı âti’l-beyâna li-ecli’t-tescîl mütevellî nasb ve ta‘yîn ettiği Mahmud Reis b. İhtiyâr nâm kimesne muvâcehesinde bi’l-vekâle ikrâr ve takrîr-i kelâm edip müvekkilem müşârun-ileyhâ Mihriban Sultan hazretleri mahmiye-i Galata hâricinde el-Hâc Memi mahallesinde vâki‘ bir tarafı Pazarbaşı Ahmed mülkü ve bir tarafı Şâmî Hatun mülkü ve bir tarafı Çâşnigîrzâde Mehmed Çelebi mülkü ve bir tarafı yine müvekkilem müşârun-ileyhâ mülkü ile mahdûd bir bâb fevkānî beyti ve muhavvata ve kenîfi muhtevî olan mülk menzilini cemî‘-i tevâbi‘i ile ve dahi hudûd-ı mezkûre ile mahdûd tûlen ve arzen on beş zirâ‘ arz-ı hâliyeyi hasbeten lillâhi’l-azîm vakf ve habs edip şöyle şart eyledi ki menzil-i mezbûrda müşârun-ileyhâ hazretlerinin utekāsından Rahime bt. Abdullah sâkine olup ol vefât ettikden sonra mezbûre Rahime’nin evlâdı ve evlâd-ı evlâdı sâkin olalar ve ba‘de’l-inkırâz mütevellî-i mezbûr Mahmud Reis sâkin ola ve ondan sonra mütevellî-i merkūmun evlâdı ve evlâd-ı evlâdı sâkin olalar neslen ba‘de neslin inkırâz ve ba‘de’l-inkırâz menzil-i mezbûr ecr-i misli ile îcâr olunup hâsıl olan ücreti her sene Medîne-i Münevvere fukarâsına irsâl oluna ve ta‘mîr ve termîmin menzil-i mezbûrda sâkin olan ede deyip vekîl-i merkūm menzil-i mezbûru mütevellî-i mersûma teslîm edip ol dahi kabz ve tesellüm eyledikden sonra ba‘de’l-muhâkeme hâkim-i muvakkı‘-ı hâze’l-kitâb hazretleri menzil-i mezbûru sıhhat ve lüzûmuna hükm-i sahîh ile hükmedip min-ba‘d nakz ve nakzına mecâl mümteni‘ü’l-ihtimâl ve tağyîr ve tebdîli muhâl oldu. “Fe men-beddelehû ba‘de mâ-semi‘ahu [fe inne]mâ ismühû ale’llezîne yübeddilûnehû innellâhe [semî‘un alîm]”

Finally, I want to remind you that some of my analyzes and other useful discoveries are pending with you (some even for a long time), and I hope you will answer them as soon as possible. Greetings!

Before answering, I would like to tell everybody that, unfortunately, I hurt my right shoulder and wrist, so I cannot spend too much time at my computer answering your questions. I hope you understand why I've been slow lately.

I personally appreciate all your work considering it’s done with only sources that are available online. It’s good that you stand by your claims, I am just afraid you can’t force everyone else to agree with you lol

Moving on to Mehmed III’s daughters:

Ayşe Sultan binti Mehmed III

My bad, it seems I have missed that part of your previous ask.

Ayşe Sultan binti Mehmed III seems to have been the wife of Hüsrev Pasha. From the way that essay words it, it seems that Ayşe survived him: “It was stated that the income would first be used for the repair of the foundation works and the remaining would be distributed among Hüsrev Pasha’s children, and that his wife Ayşe, his brother Ibrahim Pasha bin Hizir Pasha after her death, and their children and grand-children after their deaths would be the trustees. Thus, it is understood that Hüsrev Pasha��s wife was Ayşe Sultan, that he also had a brother named Ibrahim Pasha, and that their father was Hızır Pasha.”

Öztuna says that they married in 1613. Since Destari Mustafa Pasha died in 1610, it is definitely possible. Hüsrev Pasha was executed in 1632, if Ayşe survived him she must have died between 1632 and 1639 (or she went back to the harem, and that’s why she’s not mentioned in Dumas’ list of stipends, which is about princesses who lived outside the Palace).

Şah Sultan binti Mehmed III

I honestly do not remember not agreeing that Şah was Ahmed I’s full-sister, I just pointed out that Pietro della Valle wasn’t sure about it: “… tra le sorelle del Gran Signore e forse la piu amata, e, se ben mi ricordo, credo che sia sorella a lui di madre e di madre, che in queste parti rade volte avviene ai principi del sangue reale.”

“se ben mi ricordo” means “if I remember correctly”, so the sentence is “… she’s probably the most beloved among the Grand Signore’s sisters and, if I remember correctly, I think she’s his sister from his father’s and his mother’s side, something that rarely happens to princes of royal blood.”

That’s it. I also said that it’s interesting that he mentioned that because most of the time foreigners don’t, they don’t distinguish between full-siblings and half-siblings.

I looked up Mustafa Pasha in Sicill-i Osmani, as you recommended:

He grew up in Enderun and became a mirahur-i evvel (chief of the sultan’s stables). In 1013 (October 1604) he became beylerbeyi and in the same week he became vizier and damad. Then he became kubbe vizier and then he was sent to the guardianship of Bursa. In 1016 (1607/08) he was brought from there and became kaymakam (deputy grand vizier), and in 1018 (1609/10) he was dismissed and became again kubbe vizier. He died in 1019 (1610). He is buried with his wife the sultan in his mausoleum at the gate of the Sehzade Mosque.

It checks out: he was first mirahur and then made vizier when he became damad.

Hatice Sultan binti Mehmed III

I’m afraid there’s nothing to add about her or her husband. /If/ we consider that decision to be close to his death (it’s about lands) because maybe someone else stole her inheritance, then he may have died in (late?) 1617, as that decision is from Zi’l-hicce 1026, which is December 1617.

I personally don’t believe she was the eldest, also because she married “just” an agha of the Janissaries.

Anyway, we don’t know what happened to her after 1617.

The wife of Kara Davud Pasha

Now, that document is good! He is finally called “Sultanzâde Süleyman Bey b. el-merhûm Davud Paşa” so he can only be Davud and the princess’ son. Also, it’s interesting that he acted as his aunt’s representative when she had to sell some lands.

Anyways, it’s possible that Mehmed III could have named one of his daughters after his mother but we can’t say it with certainty as of now. Moreover, this princess could have gone back to the harem after Davud Pasha’s execution and never married again. If she was, we’d need stipends for Enderun and not Birun to check who was living in the Palace at the time.

Mihriban Sultan

Actually, whoever translitered the document wasn’t sure of the identity of her father, as it’s titled: Mihriban Sultan bt. [Şehzade]? Bayezid Han’ın ev vakfı. The way her father is mentioned “Mihriban Sultan bt. Sultan Bayezid Hân”, without all the adjectives for a sovereign makes me think it was certainly Şehzade Bayezid and not, for example, Bayezid II. (I also truly doubt that a daughter of Bayezid II was alive in the 1610s).

I think these names sometimes varied to a certain point, like Fahri-Fahriye-Fahrihan. In imperial documents, Ayşe Sultan binti Ahmed I is repeatedly called Ayişe. Ümmügülsüm binti Ahmed I was also mentioned in various ways: Ümmügülsüm, Ümmi, Ümm-i Külsum, and finally, as Ümmühan by that English ambassador.

#ask post #ask: ottoman history #kehribar-sultan #ayse sultan daughter of mehmed iii #sah sultan daughter of mehmed iii #hatice sultan daughter of mehmed iii #mihrimah sultan daughter of sehzade bayezid

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ottomanladies · 5 years ago

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Ottoman Princesses named: Mihrimah

Mihrimah (or Mihrümah) is an Ottoman female name derived from Persian. It is composed of two parts: Mihr- (sun) and -mah (moon). It is variously translated as sun and moon or glory of the moon.

#history #historyedit #ottoman history #mihrimah sultan #mihrimah sultan daughter of sehzade bayezid #mihrimah sultan daughter of murad iii #mihrimah sultan daughter of mustafa iii #mihrimah sultan daughter of mahmud ii #mihrimah selçuk sultan granddaughter of abdulhamid ii #mihrimah sultan granddaughter of mehmed v #ottomanladiesedit #princessesnames

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ottomanladies · 4 years ago

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Mustafa III + harem and children

Consorts

Aynü’l-Hayât Baş-Kadınefendi (1726?-1.8.1764): she is sometimes considered Mustafa III's official wife. She was Mihrimah Sultan's mother, though Öztuna claims she was also mother to Mihr-i Şâh Sultan, Hibetullah Sultan and Hatice Sultan (the princess that died young). Esad Efendi, in Teşrifat-ı Kadime, claims that she died on 1 August 1764 and that she was Third Imperial Consort to "Allah's Shadow on Earth". Öztuna, on the other hand, claims that she was Mustafa III's first Baş-Kadınefendi. She was buried in Laleli, the plaque on her tomb clearly identifying her as the mother of Mihrimah Sultan (there is no mention of possible other daughters). She had built the Katırcıham Mescid Mosque in 1760.

Mihr-i Şâh Baş-Kadınefendi, later Vâlide-Sultân (1745?-16.10.1805): mother of Selim III, Fatma Sultan, and Hibetullah Sultan. Some historians say that she was mother to Şâh Sultan as well, but she was born only 8 months before Selim III. According to a legend, she was Genoese, but it's more likely that she was Georgian instead. Sakaoğlu claims that she was appointed Senior Consort because she was the mother to Mustafa III's only son. There is not much information about her tenure as Senior Consort, only that she was immediately sent to the Old Palace on the death of her husband. A document preserved in the Topkapi Palace Archives states that Mustafa III had borrowed money from Mihr-i Şâh; since the document wasn't torn, it means that the debt was never paid back (most probably because of Mustafa III's sudden death). On the death of his uncle Abdülhamid I on 7 April 1789, Selim III ascended the throne and Mihr-i Şâh was ceremoniously crowned Valide Sultan through the procession of the Valide Sultan, at which dignitaries, members of the ulema and the military participated. The next day the Valide Sultan assumed office with a written decree that was read to everyone present at the ceremony. At this point, gifts were sent to her. During her 15-years tenure, Mihr-i Şâh Sultan supported her son's innovations and was personally behind the renovations in the Topkapi Palace harem. According to a palace rumour, Selim III would go greet his mother in her apartments every single morning. Mihr-i Şâh Valide Sultan died on 16 October 1805, around 10 in the morning. During her tenure, she oversaw philanthropic projects, such as two fountains in memory of her two daughters - Hibetullah and Fatma - who had died young, and the Mihr-i Şâh Sultân Mosque with two minarets.

Fehîme 2. Kadınefendi (?? - 1761): she died while giving birth and, according to Sicill-i Osmani, Mustafa III called her "şehide" (martyr). Sakaoğlu claims that she was a Hanım, and not the Second Imperial Consort. She's not mentioned in Uluçay.

Rifat 2. Kadınefendi (1744?-12.1803): apparently a free woman whom Mustafa III met during an incognito tour of Istanbul, she was kept outside of the harem for a long time, then trusted into the care of the Grand Vizier and his wife who educated her in the harem ways, and finally admitted to the Imperial harem as Fourth Imperial Consort. In 1764, she eventually rose to the rank of Second Imperial Consort. From her burial place in Haydarpaşa Cemetery, it has been suggested that after Mustafa III's death, she returned to her own family instead of being sent to the Old Palace. Öztuna claims that she was Şâh Sultan's mother.

(Ayşe) Â’dil-Şâh 3. Kadınefendi (1748?-19.12.1803): of Circassian origin, she was the mother of Beyhan and Hatice Sultan. She died during the Ramadan month, supposedly around or on the same day of Rifat Kadınefendi. She was buried in the garden of Mustafa III's tomb, where an old plaque identified her as the mother of Beyhan and Hatice Sultan, which did not survive to present day. In her honour, her daughter Beyhan built a school around Yeşillioğlu Palace in the same year she died. In 1805, her other daughter, Hatice, built the Adilşah Kadın Mescidi Mosque. That she was also called Ayşe is present only in Alderson and Öztuna.

Binnâz 3. Kadınefendi (?? - 5.1823): not mentioned in Uluçay or Sakaoğlu, she was a childless consort who, after Mustafa III's death, married Çayır-zâde İbrahim Ağa. She had been Fourth Imperial Consort until Aynü’l-Hayât Kadınefendi's death in 1764, when she was promoted. At the time of her death, she was about 80 years old. She was buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum.

Gülman: no information about her. Alderson suggests that she might have been called Gülnar instead.

Children

Hibetullah Sultan (17.3.1759 - 6.1762): she was the first birth in the Dynasty in 29 years. Her birth was therefore celebrated for ten days and ten nights by rich and poor alike. Her name is sometimes written as Heybetullah or Heyyibetullah. On the fountain dedicated to her, it is written that her mother was Mihr-i Şâh Sultan, and not Aynü’l-Hayât Kadınefendi as Öztuna believes. Her nurse seems to have been Emine Hanım, Aynü’l-Hayât Kadınefendi's sister. When she was three months old, Hibetullah was engaged to Hamid Hamza Paşa in another pompous ceremony; on this occasion, her father bestowed the Gümrükçü farms to her. Unfortunately, she died at the age of three either of smallpox or another disease. She was buried in her father's mausoleum.

Şâh Sultan (21.4.1761 - 11.3.1803): mother unknown, she was born during the month of Ramadan and therefore the celebrations in her honour were postponed on the day next to Eid. She was engaged at the age of three to Grand Vizier Köse Bahir Mustafa Paşa but, at the engagement ceremony, Mustafa III exiled his Grand Vizier to Lesbo and later had him executed. At the age of seven, she was engaged to Nişancı Yağlıkçızade Mehmed Emin Paşa (later Grand Vizier); a year later, though, he was exiled to Edirne and executed there. Finally, during the reign of her uncle Abdülhamid I, she was married to Nişancı Seyyid Mustafa Paşa on 6 November 1778. The couple had two daughters: Şerife Havvâ Hanım-Sultân and Âliye Hanım-Sultân, both died at six months old. Şâh Sultan and her husband adopted a girl, New Hanım, who died at the age of 18. Şâh Sultan may have suffered from health problems because she lived in a mansion on the seaside and was definitely less active than her other two sisters, Beyhan and Hatice. Selim III used to visit her very often, even staying for days and summoning the Grand Vizier there to discuss affairs of state. In Tarih-i Cevdet it is stated that she was an impeccable Muslim, who protected and helped the poor. In 1792, she built the Şâh Sultan fountain in Yeşildirek; in 1800, she built her tomb, a school and a public fountain near the Zal Mahmud Paşa Mosque in Eyüp. She died at the age of 42 years old and was buried in the tomb she had built for herself.

Selim III (24.12.1761 - 28.7.1808): 28th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, he reigned for 18 years before being deposed in favour of his cousin Mustafa IV. He had several consorts but no children.

Mihr-i Mâh Sultan (5.2.1762 - 3.1764): Alderson claimed she was born in 1760 but documents in Topkapi Palace Archives found by Uluçay reveal that she was born in 1762 and died in 1764. Her mother was Aynü’l-Hayât Kadınefendi. For her birth, celebrations were held for five days. She, unfortunately, died young and was buried next to her sister Hibetullah.

Mihr-i Şâh Sultan (9.1.1763 - 21.2.1769): mother unknown, Mustafa III ordered celebrations for three days and three nights to be held. She died at the young age of 6 and was buried in her father's mausoleum.

Beyhan Sultan (13.1.1766 - 7.11.1824): elder daughter of Â’dil-Şâh Kadınefendi, she is sometimes called Big-han Sultan. She was nine years old when her father died, and moved to the Old Palace with her mother and younger sister. In a note sent to the Grand Vizier, the new sultan Abdülhamid I said that Beyhan fainted often inside the Old Palace and had bouts of screaming and shouting. Her mother thought that it was time for her to get married. The sultan selected Silahdar Çelik/Perişan Mustafa Paşa for Beyhan; the wedding was celebrated on 22 April 1784 and the couple had a child together, Hatice Hanım-Sultân, who lived into adulthood, as she got married in 1814. Beyhan was the sister that Selim III met most often during his reign; he would visit her on her seaside palace on the Bosphorus and listen to musical performances together. She was most active in the innovations of the empire and even organised parties for foreign ambassadors' wives. She built twin palaces in Yeşillioğlu, giving the other to her sister Hatice. In 1791, she demolished the old Çırağan Palace with Selim III's approval and started the construction of a European-style mansion. The mansion was ready in 1795, just when her sister Hatice was busy with the construction of her seaside mansion with Melling's help. Her husband died around 1798 but Beyhan did not remarry though she lived for 26 more years. She died during the reign of Mahmud II at the age of 59.

Hatice Sultan (15.6.1766 -1767): according to Alderson and Öztuna. There is no information about her.

Şehzade Mehmed (10.1.1767-12.10.1772): died of smallpox, his tutor had been Küçük Hüseyn Ağa (later Damad and Paşa). He was buried in the mausoleum of his father.

Hatice Sultan (13/14.6.1768 - 17.7.1822): younger daughter of Â’dil-Şâh Kadınefendi, she was six years old when her father died and she had to move to the Old Palace with her mother and elder sister. She was educated by the other concubines living there. Like her sister, Hatice Sultan developed depression, according to her mother, who wrote to the new sultan, Abdülhamid I, asking him to find a husband for her younger daughter. According to Hatice Sultan's deputy, Ahmed Vasıf Efendi, the princess' depression was due to the environment in which she was forced to live. Ahmed Vasıf Efendi would later write a history of the period, providing valuable information on Hatice Sultan's life. At the age of 18, the princess married Seyyid Ahmed Paşa; the marriage lasted till 1799 when the pasha died, but the couple had no children. After being widowed, Hatice Sultan chose not to remarry. In 1806, she built the Hatice Sultan Fountain in the Spice Bazaar. In 1809, she bought a large plot of land in Arnavutköyü and had the Hatice Sultan Palace built there. She died in 1822, during the reign of Mahmud II, and as she had no children, she left everything to her elder sister Beyhan. Her staggering debt was paid off by Mahmud II. She was buried in the mausoleum of Mihr-i Şâh Valide Sultan.

Fatma Sultan (9.1.1770 - 26.5.1772): she was buried in the mausoleum of her father

Reyhan Sultan (?-?): she was very young when she died.

26 notes · View notes