#maximum drawdown

[justforbooks]

Explainer

The unprecedented conditions firefighters are facing in LA

Fire crews are facing dire challenges, hurdles that have intensified the fires and are complicating the response

As multiple fires rage around the Los Angeles basin, the 7,500 fire and emergency personnel on the ground are facing unprecedented conditions.

At least five LA residents have been killed, and the death count is expected to rise as responders search burned areas. At least 10,000 structures have been destroyed, and several of the five blazes are still burning out of control.

“This is what our crews train for,” Capt Adam VanGerpen of the Los Angeles fire department told local news. “We’re used to keeping long hours. What’s keeping us going is there’s work to do. There are still homes on fire, there are people being evacuated. We’re just at the beginning stages of this.”

Fire crews are facing dire challenges, hurdles that have intensified the fires and are complicating the response.

Whipping winds

Hurricane-force winds peaked at 100mph in some areas of the LA basin during the week. Most of the mountain areas remain under a red-flag warning, indicating that any fires that start will spread rapidly. High winds stopped scooper planes and helicopters from dropping water on the fires on Tuesday night, and may do so in the future. But they can also disperse dropped water in all directions, instead of allowing it to drop on flames.

In addition, winds blow embers into new areas. Dry desert air from the east – which is not normal this time of year – has been fanning the flames while blowing over hilltops and down through the canyons. That makes the job of containing a fire much harder.

“This wildfire was the most chaotic winds I’ve experienced in 20 years,” Capt Erik Scott, a Los Angeles fire department spokesperson, said about the Palisades blaze, the largest of the fires.

“These were the chaotic winds that we were absolutely worried would create the explosive fire behavior that we do have,” Scott said. “It’s not just the flame fronts that take out houses. It’s the ember cast that can fly a mile or two in front and will land on a property or go in somebody’s attic and burn homes from the top down.”

In addition, low humidity sucks water from grasses and trees, making them more susceptible to fire.

Dry hydrants

When firefighters turned on hydrant valves in parts of the Pacific Palisades neighborhood to fight blazes on Tuesday night, they found low water pressure – or, in some cases, dry hydrants. The Los Angeles department of water and power (LADWP) was pumping from aqueducts and groundwater, but demand outpaced supply in the 1m-gallon tanks, leading to low water pressure.

LA mayor Karen Bass estimated that 20% of hydrants ran dry in the Pacific Palisades, where more than 1,000 structures have been lost. Hydrants are designed for fighting one or two fires at a time – not hundreds of buildings and homes on fire.

Three million gallons of water were available when the Palisades fire started, said Janisse Quiñones, head of LADWP, later at a news conference. But the demand had been four times greater than “we’ve ever seen in the system”.

Personnel

There are 9,000 firefighters in Los Angeles county between the county’s fire department and other fire agencies, which is not sufficient to address all the fires in the region, according to fire officials. With local firefighting capacity close to the maximum, authorities are calling on outside help to battle the blazes.

Anthony Marrone, the LA county fire department chief, said on Wednesday that all 29 county fire departments are at “a drawdown, with no fire apparatus or additional personnel to spare.”

LAFD put out notice of a “recall operation”, asking all off-duty crews to report their availability to assist in firefighting – the first time in 19 years the department has had to turn to this protocol.

Other parts of the region are stepping in to help. Crews from Alameda county, Oakland, Hayward and Fremont fire departments were sent to help. Arizona, Nevada, Washington and Oregon sent teams to assist as well.

Roadblocks

Hundreds of cars were left blocking Palisades Drive and Sunset Boulevard, two of the main corridors in and out of Pacific Palisades. As people abandoned their cars and fled on foot, first responders were forced to push more than 200 cars aside with bulldozers so firefighting crews could drive up the hill to houses in danger.

Daily inspiration. Discover more photos at Just for Books…?

[ukrainenews]

Update June 26, 2023

Under the cut:

The Russian warlord Yevgeny Prigozhin has reappeared for the first time since abandoning his armed mutiny on Saturday evening, issuing a defiant 11-minute statement in which he defended the Wagner uprising and said that “society demanded it”. In the statement, Prigozhin denied that Wagner sought to topple Putin and said that the uprising had shown that there were “serious problems with security on the whole territory of our country”.

The US is expected to announce another military aid package to Ukraine totaling approximately $500 million, a US official told CNN.

Ukraine's military intelligence chief accused Russia on Tuesday of "mining" the cooling pond used to keep the reactors cool at the Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in Ukraine's south.

EU countries on Monday agreed to increase the maximum size of a fund used to finance military aid for Ukraine by 3.5 billion euros ($3.8 billion) to 12 billion.

Russian intelligence services are investigating whether Western spy agencies played a role in the aborted mutiny by Wagner mercenary fighters on Saturday, the TASS news agency quoted Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov as saying on Monday.

Frontlines across Ukraine have seen heavy combat over the past two days, with more than 20 engagements occurring in areas in the Donetsk region – chiefly Lyman, Marinka and Bakhmut, according to the Ukrainian military.

The Russian warlord Yevgeny Prigozhin has reappeared for the first time since abandoning his armed mutiny on Saturday evening, issuing a defiant 11-minute statement in which he defended the Wagner uprising and said that “society demanded it”.

In the statement, Prigozhin denied that Wagner sought to topple Putin and said that the uprising had shown that there were “serious problems with security on the whole territory of our country”.

“It was not our goal to overthrow the regime,” Prigozhin said in the voice memo, which was uploaded to his Concord Group’s Telegram page.

“We stopped at that moment, when it became clear that much blood would be spilled,” he continued, describing the progress of a military convoy that reached striking distance of Moscow. “That’s why we believe that the demonstration of what we were planning to do was enough. Our decision to turn back had two factors: we didn’t want to spill Russian blood. Secondly, we marched as a demonstration of our protest.”

He once again accused the Russian defence ministry of targeting his troops with artillery fire, calling it the “trigger for us to move out immediately”.

“The goal of the march was to not allow the destruction of the Wagner private military company and hold to account the officials who through their unprofessional actions have committed a massive number of errors. Society demanded it.”

Prigozhin acknowledged that his troops had killed Russian airmen during their uprising, saying they “regretted that they were required to carry out strikes against aircraft but they were hitting our forces with bombs and rocket strikes”.

He also claimed that the troops movement into Russia was a “masterclass” in how Russia should have carried out its 24 February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, which failed to achieve its goal of taking Kyiv.

-The Guardian

~

The US is expected to announce another military aid package to Ukraine totaling approximately $500 million, a US official told CNN.

The aid, which is expected to be announced on Tuesday, will include additional Bradley and Stryker fighting vehicles, the official said, and will be provided to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority. Ukraine lost several armored vehicles in the early days of its counteroffensive, which US officials believe Ukrainian forces launched earlier this month.

The package comes as US officials continue to assess what impact the Wagner rebellion inside Russia will have on Russia’s war in Ukraine. US and western officials told CNN last week that the Ukrainian counteroffensive has not been meeting expectations, with Russian lines of defense proving well-fortified. Russian forces have also had success bogging down Ukrainian armor with missile attacks and mines and have been deploying air power more effectively.

The last package, announced earlier this month, was valued at about $325 million and included new air defense and rocket systems for Ukraine.

The US has provided more than $39 billion in security assistance to Ukraine since the beginning of Russia's invasion in February 2022, including $22 billion in presidential drawdowns.

-CNN

~

Ukraine's military intelligence chief accused Russia on Tuesday of "mining" the cooling pond used to keep the reactors cool at the Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in Ukraine's south.

The six-reactor complex, Europe's biggest nuclear plant, has been under occupation since shortly after Moscow's forces invaded in February last year.

"...Most terrifying is that the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant was additionally mined during that time... namely the cooling pond was mined," Kyrylo Budanov, head of the GUR agency, said on television, without providing evidence for his assertion.

Reuters requested comment from the Russian defence ministry.

The two sides have accused each other of shelling the plant and its environs, and international efforts to establish a demilitarised zone around the complex have failed so far.

Ukraine's Defence Ministry, meanwhile, dismissed as "null and void" a Russian suggestion that it could be building a "dirty bomb".

The ministry said the suggestion, made on Monday by Sergei Naryshkin, the head of Russia's SVR foreign intelligence service, was first advanced by Moscow last year.

The move was, a ministry statement said, aimed at "diverting attention from the clear defeats by occupation forces at the front and sowing distrust among Ukraine's Western allies".

"If Russia is talking about a 'dirty bomb', its use by Russia could be a real threat," the ministry said.

Naryshkin had called on the U.N. nuclear watchdog and the European Union to investigate the dispatch of "irradiated fuel" from the Rivne nuclear plant in western Ukraine for disposal at a spent fuel storage facility in Chornobyl.

The U.N.'s International Atomic Energy Agency said it had reported this month on the transfer of spent fuel from Rivne to Chornobyl and taken full account of the material.

-Reuters

~

EU countries on Monday agreed to increase the maximum size of a fund used to finance military aid for Ukraine by 3.5 billion euros ($3.8 billion) to 12 billion.

The European Peace Facility (EPF), which EU countries contribute to according to the size of their economies, has already allocated some 4.6 billion euros in military aid for Ukraine. It is separate from the EU's budget, which is not allowed to finance military operations.

"Today's decision will again ensure that we have the funding to continue delivering concrete military support to our partners' armed forces," the bloc's top diplomat Josep Borrell, who had requested the increase, said in a statement.

"The facility has proven its worth. It has completely changed the way we support our partners on defence. It makes the EU and its partners stronger," he said.

Hungary on Monday said it would not lift a block on a 500 million euro tranche of the existing fund until Kyiv removes Hungarian bank OTP (OTPB.BU) from a list of companies it deems "international sponsors" of Russia's war in Ukraine.

Hungary has branded the bank's inclusion "scandalous".

Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto, speaking in Luxembourg, said that Budapest was ready to change its mind if Ukraine dropped the blacklisting.

The EPF, established in 2021, was conceived for the EU to help developing countries buy military equipment. But the 27-member union quickly decided to use it also to get weapons to Ukraine after Russia's invasion in February last year.

The fund allows EU countries that supply weapons and ammunition to Ukraine and claim back a portion of the cost.

-Reuters

~

Russian intelligence services are investigating whether Western spy agencies played a role in the aborted mutiny by Wagner mercenary fighters on Saturday, the TASS news agency quoted Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov as saying on Monday.

In an interview with Russian RT television, Lavrov said U.S. Ambassador Lynne Tracy had spoken to Russian representatives on Sunday and given "signals" that the United States was not involved in the mutiny and that Washington hoped that Russia's nuclear arsenal would be kept safe, TASS said.

Lavrov also quoted Tracy as saying the mutiny was Russia's internal affair.

Several Western leaders have said the incident shows that instability is growing in Russia as a result of President Vladimir Putin's decision to send his armed forces into Ukraine early last year.

Asked whether there was any evidence that neither Ukrainian nor Western intelligence services were involved in the mutiny, Lavrov replied:

"I work in a department that does not collect evidence about illegal actions, but we have such structures, and I assure you, they already understand this."

Doubts over Wagner's future have raised questions about whether it will continue its operations in African countries such as Mali and the Central African Republic, where its forces have played a big role in long-running internal conflicts.

Since the war in Ukraine undermined Russia's ties and trade with the West, the Kremlin has also been underlining its commitment to Africa.

Lavrov told RT that Mali and CAR both maintained official contacts with Moscow alongside their relations with Wagner, adding: "Several hundred servicemen are working in the CAR as instructors; this work, of course, will be continued".

A presidential advisor for CAR's president told Reuters on Monday that nothing had changed since the weekend events in Russia.

Fidele Gouandjika said Wagner was not officially established in the country, and that the military cooperation agreement they signed was with the Russian Federation, which deploys contingents of its choice.

"The first one (is) made of Russian instructors to train our security forces … the second contingent are soldiers that the West calls Wagner," he said.

"Russia sent us Wagner but we signed with Russia and so if they sent us private militias that's their choice. We keep working with the soldiers that Russia sent," he said.

Lavrov also said Ukrainian allegations that Russia plans to stage an attack involving a release of radiation at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in southern Ukraine were "nonsense", TASS reported.

-Reuters

~

Frontlines across Ukraine have seen heavy combat over the past two days, with more than 20 engagements occurring in areas in the Donetsk region – chiefly Lyman, Marinka and Bakhmut, according to the Ukrainian military.

In its operational update, the General Staff said the Russians also carried out 25 air strikes over the past day.

There had been heavy Russian artillery and mortar fire in the Kupyansk area of Kharkiv, where the Russians have been trying to break through for over a month, the Ukrainians said.

The General Staff insisted all Russian efforts to take territory had been foiled. Across the Donetsk frontlines, the fighting was characterized by exchanges of indirect fire, but with little movement.

However, the Ukrainians say they are on the front foot around Bakhmut.

“(Troops) hold the initiative, continue assault operations and push the enemy back. Over the last day, the Ukrainian forces advanced 600 to 1,000 meters on the southern and northern flanks around Bakhmut,” said Serhii Cherevatyi, spokesperson for the Eastern Grouping of the Armed Forces. Nearly 200 Russian soldiers had been killed in the last day, and a variety of Russian equipment had been destroyed, according to Cherevatyi.

CNN cannot verify Ukrainian claims of battlefield gains, or casualties.

In the south, where Ukrainian forces have attempted to break through Russian lines, the General Staff said a Russian effort to regain lost positions in the area of Novodarivka had also failed.

Russian artillery continued to strike about 30 settlements along the frontlines in the Zaporizhzhia region, it said.

In Kherson, Nataliya Humenyuk, a spokesperson for Ukrainian forces in the south, said the Russians struggled to regain positions on the east bank of the river Dnipro, which was flooded by the recent damage to the dam at Nova Kakhovka.

“Their work is complicated by the spread of intestinal infections,” Humenyuk said.

-CNN

[starseedfxofficial]

The Double Top Trap: How to Avoid Maximum Drawdown Like a Pro The Market's Sneakiest Illusion: The Double Top Deception Ever felt like the market is playing a cruel joke on you? You spot a double top, confidently place your trade, and the next thing you know—boom! The price reverses, wiping out your account faster than a toddler demolishing a birthday cake. Welcome to one of the oldest market illusions, the double top fakeout. Understanding double tops is crucial, but even more vital is knowing how to avoid the deadly maximum drawdown that can follow if you misinterpret this pattern. Let’s break it down and uncover the secrets that pro traders use to outsmart the market. Double Top 101: What You Think You Know (But Probably Don’t) A double top is a bearish reversal pattern that appears at the peak of an uptrend. It consists of two price highs at approximately the same level, with a trough in between. When the price breaks below the support level (the neckline), it signals a potential downtrend. Sounds easy, right? Wrong. Here’s why: - Many traders jump in too soon, thinking a double top is forming, only to watch the price break new highs instead. - False breakouts are common, designed to flush out retail traders before the real move happens. - If you set a tight stop-loss near the neckline, you're basically handing your money to the market on a silver platter. Secret #1: The Hidden Volume Clue - A real double top comes with a decline in volume on the second peak. If volume increases instead, the price is likely to break new highs, trapping sellers. - Solution: Use the Volume Profile indicator to check if the second peak lacks demand. Secret #2: The Key to Confirmation - Instead of jumping in right after the neckline break, wait for a retest. - Fakeouts often occur when price breaks the neckline but quickly rebounds. The real move usually follows a retest and rejection. Maximum Drawdown: The Silent Killer Let’s talk about something that’s far scarier than a double top fakeout—maximum drawdown. What Is Maximum Drawdown (And Why Should You Care)? Maximum drawdown (MDD) is the largest peak-to-trough decline in your trading account before a new peak is reached. In simple terms, it’s how much money you can lose before your strategy bails you out. Here’s a nightmare scenario: - You risk 10% per trade. - After five losing trades in a row, you’re down 50%. - To recover, you need a 100% gain just to break even. See the problem? Your drawdown dictates your survival. Secret #3: The Pro Trader’s Risk Formula Most retail traders blow up because they risk too much per trade. Here’s a golden rule: - Risk only 1-2% of your account per trade. - Adjust your position size based on volatility (use the ATR indicator to calculate safe stop-loss distances). How Pros Outsmart the Double Top Trap 1. The "Smart Money" Double Top Strategy Institutions use double tops as a liquidity trap to hunt retail stop-losses. Here’s how to beat them: - Step 1: Identify a double top, but don’t trade the neckline break. - Step 2: Wait for a liquidity grab above the second peak. - Step 3: Enter after a bearish engulfing candle confirms rejection. - Step 4: Set stops above the liquidity grab, targeting a 2:1 or 3:1 risk-reward ratio. 2. Using Smart Risk Management to Survive Drawdowns - Avoid revenge trading: Losing money? Walk away. The market isn’t your therapist. - Diversify trades: Never rely on a single setup. - Use trailing stops: This helps lock in profits while allowing for potential trend continuations. Final Thoughts: Trade Smarter, Not Harder Double tops can be a goldmine—or a disaster—depending on how you trade them. By waiting for confirmation, avoiding liquidity traps, and managing risk properly, you can dodge maximum drawdown and trade like a seasoned pro. Want real-time analysis, trade alerts, and pro-level strategies? Join the StarseedFX Community here and gain access to exclusive insider knowledge. TL;DR – What You Learned Today: ✅ Don’t trust every double top you see—look for volume clues. ✅ Avoid maximum drawdown by risking only 1-2% per trade. ✅ Institutions use double tops to trap retail traders—wait for a liquidity grab. ✅ Join StarseedFX for insider strategies and next-level trade setups. —————– Image Credits: Cover image at the top is AI-generated Read the full article

[propinstitutional]

Developing a Contingency Plan for Forex Prop Trading with Experienced Forex Trading Experts at Institutional Prop

Forex proprietary trading, commonly known as prop trading, allows traders to use a firm's capital to engage in trading activities. While this can lead to substantial financial gains, it also involves significant risks. Developing a comprehensive contingency plan is essential for traders to mitigate these risks and ensure a sustainable trading career. A contingency plan not only prepares traders for unforeseen events, such as market volatility or personal issues but also enhances their overall trading strategy. In this blog, we will explore the key components of a robust contingency plan for Forex prop trading, including risk management, performance evaluation, emotional preparedness, and recovery strategies.

As the Forex market is notoriously unpredictable, having a contingency plan can be a crucial asset. This plan should encompass a wide range of scenarios, allowing traders to respond swiftly and effectively to adverse conditions. By examining specific elements that contribute to a successful contingency plan, traders can cultivate a resilient trading approach that not only protects their capital but also promotes long-term success in the Forex market. In the following sections, we will discuss the critical elements of risk management, the importance of performance evaluation, emotional preparedness, recovery strategies, and the role of continuous learning in Forex prop trading.

Understanding the Importance of Risk Management

Risk management is the cornerstone of any successful trading strategy, particularly in the volatile Forex market. Traders must first identify the various types of risks they face, such as market risk, credit risk, and operational risk. By understanding these risks, experienced forex trading experts at Institutional Prop developed strategies to minimize their exposure. For example, implementing stop-loss orders allows traders to limit potential losses on each trade, providing a safety net during unexpected market movements.

Moreover, effective risk management involves position sizing and diversification. Traders should determine how much capital to allocate to each trade based on their overall risk tolerance. By diversifying their portfolios across different currency pairs, traders can mitigate the impact of adverse movements in any single asset. Consequently, a comprehensive risk management strategy empowers Forex prop traders to navigate the uncertainties of the market while protecting their capital.

Creating a Performance Evaluation Framework

A well-structured performance evaluation framework is essential for Forex prop traders to assess their trading effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. This framework should include specific metrics, such as win/loss ratios, average profit/loss per trade, and the maximum drawdown experienced. By regularly analyzing these metrics, traders can gain insights into their trading patterns and adjust their strategies accordingly.

Additionally, performance evaluation should not be limited to numerical metrics; it should also encompass qualitative assessments. Forex trading experts at Institutional Prop reflect on their decision-making processes, adherence to their trading plans, and emotional responses during trades. This holistic approach allows traders to develop a deeper understanding of their strengths and weaknesses, enabling them to refine their strategies and enhance their overall trading performance.

Preparing for Emotional Challenges

Forex prop trading is not only a technical endeavor but also an emotional one. The psychological challenges associated with trading can significantly impact a trader's performance. To mitigate these challenges, industry experts at Institutional Prop incorporate emotional preparedness into their contingency plans. This preparation begins with self-awareness, allowing traders to recognize their emotional triggers and how they may affect their trading decisions.

Developing coping mechanisms is crucial in managing emotional responses during trading. Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and journaling can help traders maintain a level-headed approach in the face of market volatility. Furthermore, traders should establish clear rules for themselves regarding risk-taking and emotional decision-making. By adhering to these rules, traders can minimize impulsive actions driven by fear or greed, thus enhancing their overall trading discipline.

Establishing Recovery Strategies

Even with the best contingency plans in place, losses are an inevitable part of Forex prop trading. Establishing recovery strategies is essential for traders to bounce back from setbacks and maintain their trading careers. One effective recovery strategy is to analyze and learn from past mistakes. Traders should conduct a thorough review of trades that resulted in losses, identifying the underlying causes and developing action plans to avoid repeating those mistakes.

Additionally, setting realistic recovery goals can help traders regain confidence and focus on long-term success. Rather than attempting to recover losses quickly through high-risk trades, experienced forex trading experts at Institutional Prop prioritize a gradual and disciplined approach. This may involve scaling back trading activities temporarily, refining strategies, or seeking mentorship from experienced traders. By implementing these recovery strategies, traders can rebuild their confidence and continue on their path to success.

Emphasizing Continuous Learning

The Forex market is constantly evolving, necessitating a commitment to continuous learning for prop traders. Keeping up with market trends, economic indicators, and technological advancements is vital for informed trading decisions. Traders should engage in ongoing education through webinars, trading courses, and industry publications to stay current with the latest developments in the Forex market.

Moreover, learning from peers and experienced traders can provide valuable insights and strategies that enhance trading performance. Participating in trading communities, forums, or mentorship programs can facilitate knowledge sharing and foster a supportive environment for growth. By prioritizing continuous learning, forex trading experts at Institutional Prop adapt to changing market conditions and refine their trading approaches over time.

Developing a comprehensive contingency plan is crucial for Forex prop traders seeking to navigate the complexities of the market successfully. By emphasizing risk management, performance evaluation, emotional preparedness, recovery strategies, and continuous learning, traders can create a resilient trading framework that enhances their chances of long-term success. As the Forex market continues to evolve, being proactive in addressing potential challenges will enable traders to protect their capital and maintain a sustainable trading career. Ultimately, a well-executed contingency plan serves as a valuable asset, equipping traders with the tools they need to thrive in the dynamic world of Forex prop trading.

[harbourfronttechnologies]

Does Trend Following Still Work on Single-Name Stocks? Updated Results

Does Trend Following Still Work on Single-Name Stocks? Updated Results In a paper published in 2005, Wilcox et al. [1] showed that trend following worked on single-name stocks. Twenty years later, they retested the methodology using new, survivorship bias-free data [2]. Basically, the trading system works as follows: Entry: If, at the close of day t, a stock meets the price and liquidity filters, and its closing price equals or exceeds the highest adjusted close in its history, a buy order is placed at the open on day t + 1. Exit: At the close of day t, a trailing stop level is calculated using the Average True Range (ATR). This trailing stop is updated daily but never lowered. If, at the close of day t, the stock’s price falls below the trailing stop level, a sell order is executed at the open on day t + 1. The authors pointed out, This study highlights the sustained potential of long-only trend-following strategies applied to U.S. equities, building on and extending the foundational research of Wilcox and Crittenden [1]. By analyzing over 75 years of data and more than 66,000 trades, the paper confirms the profitability of trend-following systems, driven by a small number of outsized winners that compensate for more frequent, smaller losses. The strategy’s ability to thrive in various market conditions underscores its robustness, even in the face of evolving market dynamics. In summary, even after 20 years, the original method remains profitable. However, under realistic conditions, transaction costs made it impractical, particularly for small accounts. To address this issue, the authors implemented a cost-saving mechanism to manage transaction costs. As a result, after accounting for transaction costs, small accounts became more profitable. …While the theoretical model demonstrates exceptional performance, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.02%, an annualized alpha of 6.19%, and a maximum drawdown of 31.75%, the practical implementation of this strategy is challenged by high turnover and transaction costs. These obstacles, particularly impactful for smaller portfolios, were addressed by introducing a Turnover Control mechanism, which significantly enhances cost-efficiency and ensures alignment with theoretical results. We believe the results are commendable, but we note a highly skewed profit distribution, with less than 7% of trades driving cumulative profitability. This makes it challenging for a small account to select the right stocks to trade profitably. Let us know what you think in the comments below or in the discussion forum. References [1] C. Wilcox, & E. Crittenden, Does Trend-Following Work on Stocks? The Technical Analyst, 14, 1-19, 2005 [2] Zarattini, Carlo and Pagani, Alberto and Wilcox, Cole, Does Trend-Following Still Work on Stocks? 2025. https://ift.tt/qcWgTjU Originally Published Here: Does Trend Following Still Work on Single-Name Stocks? Updated Results via Harbourfront Technologies - Feed https://ift.tt/rEIjGly January 19, 2025 at 08:23PM

[watespressurevessel]

How to Select the Right Water Pressure Vessel for Your Application

Introduction

Importance of water pressure vessels in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

How the right selection ensures efficient water pressure, reduced pump cycling, and system longevity.

Overview of key selection factors.

1. Understanding Water Pressure Vessels

What a pressure vessel does: 🔹 Maintains stable water pressure. 🔹 Reduces pump cycling and energy consumption. 🔹 Stores pressurized water for demand surges.

Common types: 🔹 Bladder Tanks – Water stored inside a replaceable bladder. 🔹 Diaphragm Tanks – Permanent diaphragm separates air and water. 🔹 Air-Over-Water Tanks – No bladder, requiring manual air replenishment.

2. Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a Water Pressure Vessel

✔ Sizing the Pressure Vessel

Correct sizing prevents pump overuse and ensures steady pressure.

Formula to calculate size: 🔹 Drawdown Volume = Total water usage between pump cycles. 🔹 Consider flow rate (GPM) and pump cut-in/cut-out pressure range.

Typical Sizing Guide: 🔹 Residential homes: 20-50 liters (5-13 gallons) 🔹 Commercial buildings: 100-500 liters (26-132 gallons) 🔹 Industrial systems: 500+ liters (132+ gallons)

✔ Material Selection

Steel Tanks – Durable but prone to corrosion if not coated.

Stainless Steel Tanks – Corrosion-resistant, ideal for industrial and food-grade applications.

Composite (Fiberglass) Tanks – Lightweight and rust-proof, suitable for aggressive water conditions.

✔ Pressure Rating

Ensure the vessel’s maximum pressure rating matches the system’s needs.

Common ratings: 🔹 Residential systems: 40-60 PSI 🔹 Commercial/industrial: 80-150 PSI

✔ Type of Application

Booster Pump Systems – Requires bladder or diaphragm tanks for steady pressure.

Irrigation Systems – Larger tanks needed for water storage and surge control.

HVAC & Fire Protection – High-pressure, durable vessels required.

✔ Maintenance & Longevity

Bladder and diaphragm tanks require less maintenance than air-over-water tanks.

Replaceable bladder models offer cost-effective maintenance.

3. Choosing Between Bladder, Diaphragm, and Air-Over-Water Tanks

FeatureBladder TankDiaphragm TankAir-Over-Water TankEfficiency✅ High✅ High❌ LowerMaintenance✅ Low✅ Low❌ High (needs air replenishment)Lifespan🔄 Medium🔄 Long❌ ShorterCost💲 Moderate💲 Higher💲 LowerBest ForHomes, Booster PumpsIndustrial, HVACOlder systems, budget setups

4. Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Choosing the wrong size – Can lead to pump cycling issues. ❌ Ignoring material suitability – Corrosion can shorten lifespan. ❌ Overlooking pressure ratings – Can cause system failure. ❌ Not considering future expansion – Always size for potential demand growth.

Selecting the right pressure vessel improves efficiency, system longevity, and cost savings.

Consider size, material, pressure rating, and application type.

Consulting a water system specialist ensures you get the best vessel for your needs. For more info contact Wates Pressure Vessel Supplier in UAE or call us at +971 4 2522966.

[fuzileirotrader]

Comprehensive Analysis of Trading Strategies in the Financial Market: A Data-Driven and Risk Management Perspective

By Adriano Vettorel

Introduction

In the financial world, risk management is as crucial as the pursuit of returns. This article aims to demystify the complexity involved in market operations analysis, offering a comprehensive view ranging from data interpretation to the application of risk metrics, with a special focus on drawdown analysis. This approach is part of what I teach my students and apply in consulting for companies, aiming to create informed, robust investment strategies adaptable to each investor's risk profile.

The Data Foundation: A Summary Table

We begin with an analysis of market operation results, summarized in a table. This table not only presents financial performance (gross profit, gross loss, total number of operations, etc.) but also highlights risk metrics such as maximum drawdown, profit factor, and average profit/loss per trade. These figures are the pillars on which we build our understanding of risk and the effectiveness of operations.

Risk Metrics: Understanding What's at Stake

To assess risk, it is not enough to simply look at returns. Metrics such as standard deviation, mean semi-deviation to the left (downside deviation), and the well-known Value at Risk (VaR) are fundamental. They help us understand volatility, the "bad risk" that can affect our capital, and the probability of significant losses. However, it is the profit factor and the average profit/loss ratio that inform us about the sustainability and efficiency of the strategy, indicating whether the profits justify the risk taken.

Drawdown Analysis: The Worst-Case Scenario

Drawdown reveals the resilience of an investment or trading strategy, showing the "peak to trough" of losses. It is a crucial indicator because it prepares us for the worst-case scenario, something the financial market can offer without prior notice. Here, we look at drawdown not only as a measure of loss but as an opportunity to assess the strategy's recovery and robustness. The frequency, magnitude, and duration of drawdowns are analyzed to understand whether the strategy is exposed to unacceptable risks or if it is capable of recovering effectively.

Maximum Drawdown Analysis: The Ultimate Test

Within drawdowns, the maximum drawdown is the "hardest hit." It represents the largest dip that the value of an account or portfolio has suffered, and it is a trial by fire for any strategy. Analyzing the maximum drawdown involves not only quantifying the loss but also evaluating how long the strategy remained in recovery. This analysis is vital for investors and traders, as it reflects the strategy's ability to survive extreme market conditions.

Practical Application: Education and Consulting

In practice, these concepts are applied in both education and consulting. For students, the introduction to these metrics and analyses is fundamental to developing a critical understanding of market operations. They learn not only to seek profit but to manage risk in a way that preserves their capital during inevitable market fluctuations.

For companies, the application of these analyses can transform risk management, making it more proactive than reactive. By understanding maximum drawdown and other risk metrics, companies can adjust their strategies, perhaps adopting a more conservative approach or diversifying more, to mitigate risks without compromising growth.

Conclusion

The analysis of operations in the financial market, centered on risk metrics and drawdown analysis, is vital for creating sustainable investment strategies. This knowledge empowers investors and companies not only to pursue profits but to do so with a deep understanding of the risks, preparing for unfavorable scenarios without losing sight of opportunities. Teaching and applying these principles is fundamental to the development of a more resilient and aware of the inherent risks financial market.

[fundedtrader]

Is It Worth Joining Forex Funded Trading Programs?

Although there are huge profitable prospects in Forex trading, there are limitations. Risk management, emotional decision-making, and money constraints are problems for many traders, particularly novices. In this situation, financed trading programs come into play and provide ambitious traders with an alternative option. Still, the crucial question is whether it makes sense to sign up for a funded trading program. Let's discuss it;

What Are Funded Trading Programs?

Programs for funded trading let traders use a company's capital rather than their own. Traders usually give the company a percentage of their profits in return. Platforms such as Funded Trader offer an organized method of evaluating traders' abilities through evaluation procedures before allowing them access to substantial sums of capital.

The Main Advantages of Funded Trading Programs

Potential for Profit

The possibility for profit rises dramatically with more capital available. Traders can make more than they would with little personal cash, even after splitting earnings with the funding company.

Development of Skills

Many sponsored trading programs, include training, simulations, and mentorship. This methodical education can turn inexperienced traders into seasoned pros.

Assistance with Risk Management

Strict risk management criteria are frequently included in these programs, which aid traders in gaining discipline. Traders can improve their skills and reduce losses by adhering to predetermined rules.

Capital Availability

Insufficient funds are among the biggest obstacles for novice traders. By giving traders access to significant sums of money, funded trading programs address this issue and allow them to concentrate on their strategies rather than worrying about depleting their personal savings.

Obstacles to Participating in a Funded Trading Program

Although there is no denying the advantages, funded trading programs have drawbacks.

Profit-sharing:

When traders share profits with the company, they are not keeping all of their earnings. This is frequently a little cost, though, in exchange for the availability of substantial capital.

Guidelines and limitations:

Funded programs contain rules that traders have to follow, including daily loss caps or maximum drawdowns. Some traders may believe that this structure is limiting.

Strict Criteria for Assessment:

For most of the programs, traders must pass demanding tests. Access to money may be delayed if criteria are not met.

Who should be the target of funded trading programs?

Programs for funded trading are best for:

Skilled traders who want to grow

Future traders with tested strategies but less funding

Those who are dedicated to rigorous risk management and rigid regulations

Funded trading programs, such as those offered by Funded Trader, are a game-changer for serious Forex traders who want to avoid the difficulties associated with generating funds.

Conclusion: Are They Valuable?

If you are strategic, disciplined, and willing to follow rules, it may be quite beneficial to enrol in a Forex funded trading program. These initiatives reduce financial risks, give traders access to funds, and assist them in honing their craft. Even while there are difficulties, they are frequently outweighed by the possible benefits.

Reviewal of paid trading programs is a step worth taking for anyone hoping to advance in their Forex trading career. To find out more and begin your journey right now, visit Funded Trader!

[wigilham]

How do I pass the Forex prop firm challenge phases?

Passing the Forex prop firm challenge phases requires strategy, discipline, and a clear understanding of the requirements set by the firm. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you succeed:

1. Understand the Rules and Objectives

Profit Targets: Know the percentage you need to achieve in Phase 1 and Phase 2.

Daily Drawdown: Understand the maximum amount you can lose in a single day.

Overall Drawdown: Keep track of the total loss limit for the challenge.

Trading Period: Be aware of the time frame for each phase and plan accordingly.

2. Develop a Solid Trading Plan

Define your risk-reward ratio for every trade.

Stick to a specific trading strategy you’ve tested (e.g., scalping, day trading, swing trading).

Avoid overtrading by setting a daily trade limit.

3. Use Proper Risk Management

Risk only 1-2% of your account per trade to stay within drawdown limits.

Avoid revenge trading—stick to your plan even after a loss.

Set stop-loss and take-profit levels for every trade.

4. Trade During Optimal Hours

Focus on high-volume trading sessions (e.g., London or New York sessions).

Avoid trading during low-liquidity periods or major news releases unless your strategy is designed for volatility.

5. Keep Emotions in Check

Stay calm and focused even if trades go against you.

Take breaks to avoid emotional decisions after consecutive losses or wins.

6. Leverage Technology

Use tools like signal copiers or expert advisors (EAs) designed for prop firm challenges.

Backtest your strategies using historical data.

Consider using trade journals to analyze your performance and identify areas for improvement.

7. Avoid Common Mistakes

Don’t overleverage to achieve profit targets quickly—it increases the risk of hitting drawdown limits.

Avoid trading too many instruments; specialize in a few that you understand well.

8. Simulate the Challenge

Practice on a demo account with rules similar to the prop firm's challenge to test your readiness.

9. Stay Updated

Monitor market news and economic events that can impact your trades.

Be flexible and adjust your strategy as needed based on market conditions.

10. Reassess and Adapt

Review your trades daily to identify mistakes and successes.

Continuously refine your strategy to align with the challenge requirements.

Passing the prop firm challenge is a test of skill and discipline. Stay consistent, and don't rush the process. Remember, the goal is not just to pass but to prove you can trade profitably in a real account environment.

[strategyapex]

Technical Analysis

Hull Moving Average: The Revolutionary Trend Following Indicator

Introduction

The Hull Moving Average (HMA) has revolutionized how traders identify and follow market trends. Developed by Alan Hull to address the lag inherent in traditional moving averages, the HMA provides a uniquely responsive yet smooth representation of price action. This comprehensive guide explores how traders can leverage this powerful indicator for enhanced trading performance.

Who Created the Hull Moving Average?

Alan Hull, an Australian mathematician and trader, developed the Hull Moving Average in 2005. Frustrated with the significant lag in traditional moving averages, Hull applied his mathematical expertise to create an indicator that could maintain smoothness while dramatically reducing delay in trend identification.

What Makes the Hull Moving Average Special?

Core Features:

Minimal lag compared to traditional MAs

Smooth price action representation

Strong trend identification capabilities

Responsive to price changes

Built-in noise reduction

Key Advantages:

Earlier trend identification

Clearer entry and exit signals

Reduced whipsaws

Superior price tracking

Versatile application across markets

Why Use the Hull Moving Average?

Primary Benefits:

Faster Signal Generation

Reduces lag by up to 60%

Earlier trend identification

Quicker response to reversals

Improved Accuracy

Reduces false signals

Smoother price tracking

Better noise filtration

Enhanced Trend Following

Clear trend direction

Strong support/resistance levels

Trend strength indication

Versatility

Multiple timeframe analysis

Various market applications

Combines well with other indicators

Where to Apply the Hull Moving Average?

Market Applications:

Futures Markets

E-mini S&P 500

Crude Oil

Gold Futures

Treasury Futures

Forex Trading

Major currency pairs

Cross rates

Exotic pairs

Stock Trading

Individual stocks

ETFs

Stock indices

When to Use the Hull Moving Average?

Optimal Market Conditions:

Trending Markets

Strong directional moves

Clear price momentum

Extended market cycles

Breakout Scenarios

Pattern completions

Support/resistance breaks

Range expansions

Volatility Transitions

Market regime changes

Volatility breakouts

Trend initiations

How to Trade with the Hull Moving Average

Basic Trading Strategies:

Trend Following Strategy

Long when price crosses above HMA

Short when price crosses below HMA

Use HMA slope for trend strength

Exit on opposite crossover

Support/Resistance Strategy

Use HMA as dynamic support/resistance

Buy bounces off HMA in uptrends

Sell rejections from HMA in downtrends

Tighter stops for counter-trend trades

Multiple HMA Strategy

Combine different period HMAs

Look for crossovers between HMAs

Use divergences between HMAs

Trade strongest signals only

Advanced Applications:

Multiple Timeframe Analysis

Higher timeframe for trend direction

Lower timeframe for entry timing

Middle timeframe for confirmation

Volatility Integration

Adjust periods based on volatility

Use ATR for stop placement

Scale positions with trend strength

Hybrid Systems

Combine with momentum indicators

Use with price patterns

Integrate with volume analysis

Risk Management Essentials

Position Sizing:

Scale with trend strength

Larger in confirmed trends

Smaller in transitions

Stop Loss Placement:

Beyond HMA level

Based on ATR multiple

At key price levels

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

1. Over-Optimization

Problem: Curve fitting periods

Solution: Use standard settings

Prevention: Test across markets

2. False Signals

Problem: Minor crossovers

Solution: Use confirmation filters

Prevention: Wait for clear signals

3. Late Exits

Problem: Giving back profits

Solution: Use trailing stops

Prevention: Honor exit rules

Real-World Performance Metrics

Typical Results:

Win Rate: 45-55% in trending markets

Risk/Reward Ratio: Best at 1:2 or higher

Average Trade Duration: 5-10 days

Maximum Drawdown: 15-20% with proper risk management

Optimizing Hull Moving Average

Parameter Settings:

Standard Period: 20-30

Aggressive: 14-18

Conservative: 35-50

Market-Specific Adjustments:

Fast Markets: Shorter periods

Slow Markets: Longer periods

Volatile Markets: Multiple confirmations

Conclusion

The Hull Moving Average represents a significant advancement in trend-following indicators. Its ability to reduce lag while maintaining smooth price action makes it an invaluable tool for both discretionary and systematic traders. When properly implemented with sound risk management principles, the HMA can provide a significant edge in futures trading.

[9to5trading]

Maximize Your Trading Efficiency with Telegram Signal Copier Features

In the world of trading, efficiency is crucial. With markets moving rapidly and opportunities arising in the blink of an eye, having the right tools can make all the difference. One such tool that has gained significant traction is the Telegram Signal Copier.

This innovative copier allows traders to automate their trading strategies by replicating signals from Telegram channels directly into their trading platforms. If you’re looking to enhance your trading efficiency, understanding the features of Telegram Signal Copier is key.

key features of Telegram Signal Copier:

Here are some key features of Telegram Signal Copier that help you maximize your trading performance.

Real-Time Trade Copying: Compatible with various trading platforms like MT4, MT5, cTrader, DXTrade, and TradeLocker allowing you to use your preferred system without limitations.

Customizable Trade Parameters: Adjust trade sizes, stop loss (SL), and take profit (TP) levels to match your strategy and risk tolerance, giving you control over each trade.

Expert Advisor (EA) Compatibility: Enhance automation by integrating EAs, which can execute complex strategies and manage multiple signals efficiently.

Multiple Signal Provider Support: Copy signals from various providers to diversify your strategy and access different market insights.

User-Friendly Interface: A straightforward setup and intuitive interface make it easy to get started, even if you’re not tech-savvy.

Advanced Risk Management: Features like adjustable lot sizes and maximum drawdown limits help manage risk effectively and protect your trading capital.

Security: Ensure your data and trades are protected with secure and encrypted handling, maintaining your privacy and security.

Performance Tracking: Analyze trading performance to refine strategies and improve efficiency, ensuring you stay on top of your game.

From real-time trade copying and platform integration to customizable parameters and advanced risk management, these features collectively boost your trading performance. By understanding and utilizing the full capabilities of a Telegram Signal Copier, you can stay ahead of the market, optimize your strategies, and achieve better trading results. Embrace the power of automation and elevate your trading game with Telegram Signal Copier!

[starseedfxofficial]

The Swing Trader's Secret Weapon: Mastering Maximum Drawdown in 2-5 Day Trades The Hidden Risk Lurking in Your Swing Trades Picture this: You’ve spotted the perfect swing trade setup. Everything looks pristine—technical indicators align, market sentiment is in your favor, and you’re ready to bank some serious pips. But then, BOOM! Your trade plunges into the red faster than a new trader discovering leverage. What just happened? You, my friend, have underestimated maximum drawdown—the silent assassin of swing traders. If you trade within a 2-5 day swing window, mastering drawdown is your golden ticket to survival and success. But here’s the kicker—most traders completely ignore this key metric until it’s too late. Let’s change that. Today, I’ll uncover little-known secrets, pro strategies, and underground hacks to control your maximum drawdown and supercharge your swing trades. Why Most Swing Traders Bleed Pips (And How You Can Avoid It) Swing trading sounds simple on paper—catch short-term market moves, hold for 2-5 days, and exit with a nice profit. But what they don’t tell you? Risk management isn’t optional; it’s mandatory. The Drawdown Dilemma Maximum drawdown refers to the largest peak-to-trough decline your account suffers before recovering. In other words, it’s the amount your trade tanks before turning profitable—or stopping you out altogether. - Small drawdown = Controlled risk, higher survival rate - Large drawdown = High stress, blown accounts, and tears on your keyboard Reality Check: Most swing traders aim for 3:1 reward-to-risk, yet they tolerate ridiculous drawdowns. Why? Because they fall for the “it’ll bounce back” illusion. Spoiler alert: It often doesn’t. Let’s go ninja mode and dissect how to keep drawdown under control while still taking advantage of high-probability swing trades. The Hidden Formula Elite Traders Use to Limit Drawdown What if I told you there’s a proven formula to keep drawdowns minimal without cutting your profits? Let’s break it down. 1. The ATR + Fibonacci Shield Elite swing traders don’t randomly set stops; they use Fibonacci retracement levels and Average True Range (ATR) to place precise stops that minimize drawdown while allowing trades to breathe. - Step 1: Identify the 50% or 61.8% Fibonacci retracement level of your swing setup. - Step 2: Calculate the ATR (14) of your asset. - Step 3: Set your stop just below the Fib level, adjusted by 1x ATR. - Why? Stops based on Fibonacci + ATR account for natural market fluctuations, reducing whipsaw losses. 2. The 2% Rule—But Smarter You’ve heard of the 2% risk rule, but here’s what pros do differently: - Instead of risking 2% per trade, they risk 0.5% per entry and layer positions strategically. - This allows them to scale into winners while limiting early-stage drawdown. - If the trade moves favorably, they add positions with stop-loss adjustments, turning a single setup into a compounding beast. 3. The Hidden Stop-Loss Hack Retail traders set static stop losses. Elite traders use dynamic stop losses based on market volatility. - Instead of placing a fixed 30-pip stop, adjust it using a multiple of ATR. - Example: If ATR is 20 pips, use 1.5x ATR as stop distance (i.e., 30 pips). - This prevents premature stop-outs from normal market noise. Real-World Case Study: Swing Trading with Minimal Drawdown Let’s analyze an actual swing trade using these principles. - Asset: EUR/USD - Entry: 1.1050 (Bullish Swing Setup) - Fibonacci Support: 1.1025 (50% Retracement) - ATR (14): 25 pips - Stop-Loss Placement: 1.1025 - (1x ATR) = 1.1000 - Risk per Trade: 1% ($100 risk on $10,000 account) - Reward Target: 1.1150 (+100 pips, 4:1 RR) Outcome: ✅ Trade moved in favor, hitting 1.1150 with only a 25-pip drawdown (instead of an unnecessary 50+ pips risk). Key Lesson: Smart stop placement based on Fibonacci + ATR = Controlled drawdown + higher probability of success. How to Bulletproof Your Swing Trades from Massive Drawdowns To wrap it up, here’s your ultimate checklist for minimizing drawdown in swing trading (2-5 days): ✅ Use Fibonacci + ATR to place strategic stops (Avoid random stop-loss placements) ✅ Layer positions smartly (0.5% risk per entry, scaling into winners) ✅ Adjust stops dynamically based on ATR (No more premature stop-outs) ✅ Avoid the “it’ll bounce back” trap (Cut losses early when setups fail) ✅ Use a trading journal to track drawdowns (Get a free trading journal here) Master these, and you’ll swing trade like a pro without ever worrying about catastrophic drawdowns again. Final Thoughts Swing trading isn’t about catching every move—it’s about controlling risk like a pro while maximizing profits. Stop gambling with your stop losses, and start applying data-driven, precision techniques to keep your drawdowns in check. Want more elite trading insights? Join the StarseedFX Community for expert analysis, daily alerts, and insider strategies that take your trading to the next level. Trade smart, and may your drawdowns be forever small.🚀   —————– Image Credits: Cover image at the top is AI-generated Read the full article

[helpful-infomation]

주식형 펀드: 2024년 투자의 핵심, 수익과 위험 사이의 균형 🚀💼

2024년 기준 주식형 펀드 완벽 가이드: 초보자부터 전문가까지 소개 주식시장에 투자하고 싶지만 직접 주식을 고르는 것이 부담스러운 분들에게 주식형 펀드는 매력적인 선택지가 될 수 있습니다. 본 가이드에서는 주식형 펀드의 기본 개념부터 실전 투자 전략까지 상세히 다룰 예정입니다. 약 15분의 읽기 시간이 소요되며, 이 글을 통해 여러분은 주식형 펀드에 대한 포괄적인 이해를 얻을 수 있을 것입니다. 📌 주요 내용 요약 주식형 펀드의 정의와 작동 원리 주식형 펀드의 종류와 특징 장단점 및 위험성 평가 펀드 선택 및 투자 전략 실전 투자 가이드 및 세금 정보 1. 주식형 펀드 기본 이해 1.1 주식형 펀드의 정의 주식형 펀드란 투자자들로부터 모은 자금을 주로 주식에 투자하여 수익을 추구하는 집합투자기구입니다. 일반적으로 펀드 자산의 60% 이상을 주식에 투자하는 경우를 주식형 펀드라고 분류합니다. 영어로는 'Equity Fund' 또는 'Stock Fund'라고 불립니다. 1.2 주식형 펀드의 작동 원리 주식형 펀드의 작동 원리는 다음과 같습니다: 투자자들이 펀드에 자금을 투자합니다. 전문 펀드 매니저가 이 자금을 다양한 주식에 분산 투자합니다. 주식 가치가 상승하면 펀드의 가치도 함께 상승합니다. 펀드의 수익은 투자 비율에 따라 투자자들에게 분배됩니다. 주식형 펀드 작동 원리 도식 이미지 설명: 투자자, 펀드 매니저, 주식 시장 간의 자금 흐름과 관계를 보여주는 도식 1.3 주식형 펀드와 직접 주식 투자의 차이 주식형 펀드 vs 직접 주식 투자 특징 주식형 펀드 직접 주식 투자 전문성 전문가 운용 개인 판단 분산 투자 자동 분산 개인이 직접 분산 최소 투자금 낮음 개별 주식 가격에 따라 다름 운용 보수 있음 없음 주식형 펀드의 가장 큰 장점은 전문가에 의한 운용과 자동 분산 투자입니다. 반면, 직접 주식 투자는 개인의 판단과 책임이 더 크게 작용합니다. 2. 주식형 펀드의 종류와 특징 2.1 국내 주식형 펀드 국내 주식형 펀드는 주로 국내 주식시장에 투자합니다. 이는 다시 여러 유형으로 나눌 수 있습니다: 대형주 펀드: 시가총액이 큰 기업에 주로 투자 중소형주 펀드: 중소기업 주식에 주로 투자 배당주 펀드: 높은 배당금을 지급하는 기업에 투자 가치주 펀드: 저평가된 가치주에 투자 성장주 펀드: 높은 성장 잠재력을 가진 기업에 투자 2.2 해외 주식형 펀드 해외 주식형 펀드는 국제 분산 투자를 통해 위험을 줄이고 수익 기회를 확대할 수 있습니다. 주요 유형은 다음과 같습니다: 글로벌 펀드: 전 세계 주식에 분산 투자 지역별 펀드: 특정 지역(예: 아시아, 유럽) 주식에 투자 국가별 펀드: 특정 국가(예: 미국, 중국) 주식에 집중 투자 신흥국 펀드: 성장 잠재력이 높은 신흥국 주식에 투자 2.3 섹터별 주식형 펀드 섹터별 펀드는 특정 산업 분야에 집중 투자합니다. 주요 섹터 펀드 예시: IT 펀드: 기술 기업에 투자 바이오/헬스케어 펀드: 의료, 제약 기업에 투자 에너지 펀드: 석유, 가스, 신재생 에너지 기업에 투자 금융 펀드: 은행, 보험사 등에 투자 2.4 주식형 ETF와의 차이점 ETF(상장지수펀드)는 주식처럼 거래소에서 실시간으로 매매가 가능한 펀드입니다. 주식형 펀드와 ETF의 주요 차이점은 다음과 같습니다: 주식형 펀드 vs ETF 특징 주식형 펀드 ETF 거래 방식 장 마감 후 기준가로 거래 실시간 시장가로 거래 운용 방식 대부분 액티브 운용 대부분 패시브 운용 (지수 추종) 비용 상대적으로 높음 상대적으로 낮음 최소 투자금 펀드별로 다양 1주 단위로 투자 가능 💡 투자 팁 투자 목적과 스타일에 따라 주식형 펀드와 ETF를 적절히 조합하는 것이 효과적일 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 코스피200 지수에 투자하고 싶다면 ETF가, 특정 섹터에서 초과 수익을 노린다면 액티브 운용 펀드가 더 적합할 수 있습니다. 3. 주식형 펀드의 장단점 및 위험성 3.1 주식형 펀드의 장점 주식형 펀드 투자에는 다음과 같은 장점이 있습니다: 전문가 운용: 경험 많은 펀드 매니저가 투자를 대신 수행합니다. 분산 투자: 다양한 종목에 투자하여 위험을 분산시킵니다. 접근성: 적은 금액으로도 다양한 주식에 투자할 수 있습니다. 편의성: 개별 주식 분석에 시간을 들일 필요가 없습니다. 유동성: 대부분의 펀드는 쉽게 환매가 가능합니다. 3.2 주식형 펀드의 단점 반면, 주식형 펀드에는 다음과 같은 단점도 존재합니다: 수수료: 운용 보수 및 판매 수수료 등 각종 비용이 발생합니다. 수익률 제한: 개별 주식에 비해 극단적인 고수익을 얻기 어렵습니다. 통제력 부족: 투자 결정을 펀드 매니저에게 위임해야 합니다. 오버레이 리스크: 펀드 포트폴리오가 투자자의 다른 자산과 중복될 수 있습니다. 시차 문제: 매매 신청과 실제 거래 사이에 시차가 있어 원하는 가격에 거래하기 어려울 수 있습니다. 3.3 주식형 펀드의 위험성 평가 주식형 펀드는 주식시장의 변동성에 직접적인 영향을 받기 때문에 상대적으로 높은 위험을 가지고 있습니다. 주요 위험 요소는 다음과 같습니다: 시장 위험: 전반적인 주식시장의 하락은 펀드 가치 하락으로 이어집니다. 개별 종목 위험: 특정 주식의 급격한 가치 하락이 펀드 전체 수익률에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다. 섹터 위험: 특정 산업에 집중 투자한 펀드의 경우, 해당 섹터의 부진이 큰 영향을 미칩니다. 운용 위험: 펀드 매니저의 잘못된 판단이 손실로 이어질 수 있습니다. 환율 위험: 해외 주식형 펀드의 경우, 환율 변동에 따른 추가적인 위험이 있습니다. 위험-수익 관계 그래프 이미지 설명: x축(위험), y축(수익)에 예금, 채권형 펀드, 주식형 펀드, 개별 주식 등 다양한 투자 상품이 위치한 그래프 3.4 주식형 펀드 vs 채권형 펀드: 위험-수익 비교 주식형 펀드 vs 채권형 펀드 특징 주식형 펀드 채권형 펀드 위험 수준 높음 상대적으로 낮음 기대 수익률 높음 상대적으로 낮음 변동성 큼 작음 인플레이션 대응 좋음 제한적 일반적으로 주식형 펀드는 채권형 펀드에 비해 높은 위험과 높은 기대 수익률을 가지고 있습니다. 투자자의 위험 감수 성향과 투자 목적에 따라 적절한 비율로 포트폴리오를 구성하는 것이 중요합니다. 4. 주식형 펀드 선택 및 투자 전략 4.1 주식형 펀드 선택 시 고려사항 효과적인 주식형 펀드 선택을 위해 다음 요소들을 고려해야 합니다: 주식형 펀드 선택 체크리스트 펀드의 투자 목적과 전략 과거 수익률 및 변동성 펀드 매니저의 경력과 운용 스타일 펀드 규모와 설정일 보수 및 수수료 구조 벤치마크 대비 초과 수익률 주요 투자 종목과 자산 배분 비율 4.2 주식형 펀드 수익률 분석 방법 펀드의 성과를 정확히 평가하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 지표들을 활용할 수 있습니다: 샤프 비율(Sharpe Ratio): 위험 대비 수익률을 측정합니다. 높을수록 좋습니다. 알파(Alpha): 벤치마크 대비 초과 수익률을 나타냅니다. 양수일수록 좋습니다. 베타(Beta): 시장 변동성 대비 펀드의 변동성을 측정합니다. 1보다 작으면 시장보다 변동성이 작습니다. 정보 비율(Information Ratio): 벤치마크 대비 초과 수익의 일관성을 측정합니다. 높을수록 좋습니다. 최대 손실폭(Maximum Drawdown): 특정 기간 동안의 최대 손실 비율을 나타냅니다. 낮을수록 좋습니다. 💡 분석 팁 단기 성과에 현혹되지 말고, 최소 3년 이상의 장기 성과를 봐야 합니다. 또한, 유사한 유형의 펀드들과 비교 분석하는 것이 중요합니다. 4.3 분산 투자 전략 분산 투자는 "모든 달걀을 한 바구니에 담지 말라"는 투자의 기본 원칙을 따르는 전략입니다. 주식형 펀드를 활용한 분산 투자 방법은 다음과 같습니다: 지역 분산: 국내 펀드와 해외 펀드를 적절히 조합합니다. 섹터 분산: 다양한 산업 섹터에 투자하는 펀드들을 선택합니다. 스타일 분산: 가치주, 성장주, 배당주 펀드 등 다양한 투자 스타일의 펀드를 포함시킵니다. 자산 분산: 주식형 펀드 외에도 채권형, 부동산, 원자재 등 다른 자산군에도 투자합니다. 운용사 분산: 여러 운용사의 펀드에 분산 투자하여 운용사 리스크를 줄입니다. 4.4 장기 투자의 중요성 주식형 펀드 투자에서 장기 투자가 중요한 이유는 다음과 같습니다: 복리 효과: 시간이 지날수록 수익이 기하급수적으로 증가할 수 있습니다. 변동성 완화: 장기 투자는 단기적 시장 변동성의 영향을 줄여줍니다. 감정적 투자 방지: 단기적 시장 변동에 흔들리지 않고 투자 원칙을 지킬 수 있습니다. 거래 비용 절감: 잦은 매매로 인한 비용을 줄일 수 있습니다. 세금 효과: 일부 국가에서는 장기 투자에 대해 세금 혜택을 제공합니다. 투자 명언 시장의 단기적 움직임을 예측하는 것은 불가능하지만, 장기적으로 시장은 항상 상승한다. — 피터 린치, 전설적인 펀드 매니저 5. 주식형 펀드 투자 실전 가이드 주식형 펀드 투자 프로세스 이미지 설명: 펀드 선택부터 모니터링까지의 투자 프로세스를 순서도로 표현 5.1 주식형 펀드 가입 절차 주식형 펀드 가입은 다음과 같��� 단계로 진행됩니다: 투자 목표 설정 투자 기간, 목표 수익률, 감내할 수 있는 위험 수준을 명확히 정합니다. 펀드 조사 및 선택 앞서 언급한 선택 기준을 바탕으로 적합한 펀드를 찾습니다. 판매처 선택 은행, 증권사, 온라인 플랫폼 등 다양한 판매 채널 중 적합한 곳을 선택합니다. 계좌 개설 선택한 판매처에서 펀드 투자를 위한 계좌를 개설합니다. 투자 금액 결정 자금 상황을 고려하여 투자할 금액을 정합니다. 정기적인 분할 투자도 고려해볼 수 있습니다. 펀드 매수 선택한 펀드에 대해 매수 주문을 실행합니다. 주문 확인 주문이 정상적으로 체결되었는지 확인합니다. ⚠️ 주의사항 펀드 가입 전 반드시 투자설명서와 약관을 꼼꼼히 읽어보세요. 특히 환매 수수료, 운용 보수 등의 비용 구조를 확인하는 것이 중요합니다. 5.2 주식형 펀드 관리 및 모니터링 방법 펀드 투자 후에는 지속적인 관리와 모니터링이 필요합니다: 정기적 성과 확인: 최소 월 1회 펀드의 수익률을 확인합니다. 벤치마크 비교: 유사한 유형의 다른 펀드나 지수와 성과를 비교합니다. 자산 배분 조정: 시장 상황 변화에 따라 필요시 자산 배분을 조정합니다. 리밸런싱: 정기적으로 (예: 연 1-2회) 포트폴리오를 재조정합니다. 뉴스 및 시장 동향 파악: 펀드에 영향을 줄 수 있는 주요 뉴스와 시장 변화를 주시합니다. 💡 모니터링 팁 너무 자주 확인하면 단기 변동성에 불안해할 수 있습니다. 장기 투자 관점에서 큰 흐름을 봐야 합니다. 5.3 주식형 펀드 관련 세금 정보 2024년 기준, 주식형 펀드 투자 시 적용되는 주요 세금 정보는 다음과 같습니다: 배당소득세: 펀드에서 발생한 이익에 대해 15.4% (지방소득세 포함)의 세율이 적용됩니다. 양도소득세: 해외 주식형 펀드의 경우, 연간 250만원 초과 이익에 대해 22% (지방소득세 포함)의 세율이 적용됩니다. 비과세 혜택: 특정 조건을 만족하는 장기 펀드 투자의 경우 비과세 혜택을 받을 수 있습니다. ⚠️ 주의 세금 정책은 변경될 수 있으므로, 최신 정보를 확인하고 필요시 전문가와 상담하는 것이 좋습니다. 5.4 주식형 펀드 투자 시 주의사항 주식형 펀드 투자 시 다음 사항들을 주의해야 합니다: 과거 성과에 현혹되지 않기: 과거의 높은 수익률이 미래에도 지속된다는 보장은 없습니다. 분산 투자 유지: 한 펀드에 모든 자금을 투자하지 않도록 합니다. 투자 목적 고수: 단기적 시장 변동에 흔들리지 않고 초기 설정한 투자 목적을 유지합니다. 비용 고려: 펀드의 총비용율(Total Expense Ratio)을 확인하고 비교합니다. 유동성 관리: 긴급 자금이 필요할 경우를 대비해 적절한 현금을 유지합니다. 6. 결론: 주식형 펀드 투자의 미래 전망 주식형 펀드는 개인 투자자들에게 전문적으로 관리되는 분산 투자 기회를 제공합니다. 2024년 현재, 글로벌 경제의 불확실성과 기술 혁신의 가속화로 인해 주식형 펀드의 역할은 더욱 중요해지고 있습니다. 향후 주식형 펀드 시장의 주요 트렌드로는 다음을 예상할 수 있습니다: ESG 투자의 성장: 환경, 사회, 지배구조를 고려한 펀드의 인기가 증가할 것입니다. 테마형 펀드의 확대: AI, 로봇공학, 우주산업 등 특정 테마에 집중하는 펀드가 늘어날 것입니다. 액티브-패시브 하이브리드: 액티브와 패시브 전략을 결합한 새로운 유형의 펀드가 등���할 수 있습니다. 개인화된 펀드 서비스: AI와 빅데이터를 활용한 맞춤형 펀드 추천 서비스가 발전할 것입니다. 주식형 펀드 투자는 장기적인 관점에서 여전히 매력적인 투자 수단입니다. 하지만 투자자 개개인의 상황과 목표에 맞는 신중한 접근이 필요합니다. 지속적인 학습과 시장 동향 파악, 그리고 필요시 전문가의 조언을 구하는 것이 성공적인 펀드 투자의 핵심입니다. 🔔 투자를 시작하세요 주식형 펀드에 대해 더 자세히 알아보고 싶거나, 실제 투자를 시작하고 싶다면 전문 금융 어드바이저와 상담해보는 것은 어떨까요? 전문가 상담 신청 → 자주 묻는 질문 (FAQ) Read the full article

[propinstitutional]

The Importance of Backtesting in Forex Prop Trading: Ensuring Strategy Reliability and Performance with Experts at Institutional Prop

Forex proprietary trading, or prop trading, involves trading currencies with the firm's capital rather than one's own funds. In this high-stakes environment, where profitability is paramount, having a robust trading strategy is essential. Backtesting, the process of testing a trading strategy against historical market data, plays a crucial role in prop trading by providing insights into strategy reliability and performance. This blog explores the significance of backtesting in forex prop trading and its impact on trader success.

Understanding Backtesting in Forex Prop Trading

Backtesting allows traders to evaluate the effectiveness of their trading strategies by simulating trades using historical data. By replaying past market conditions, traders can assess how their strategy would have performed under different scenarios and market conditions. This process helps traders identify strengths and weaknesses in their strategies, refine their approach, and make informed decisions when trading with real capital.

During backtesting, traders input their trading rules and parameters into a backtesting software or platform, which then executes trades based on historical data. Traders can analyze various metrics such as profitability, drawdowns, win rate, and risk-adjusted returns to gauge the performance of their strategy. By conducting thorough backtesting, experienced forex trading experts at Institutional Prop gain confidence in their strategy's ability to generate consistent profits over time, reducing the likelihood of costly mistakes when trading live.

Ensuring Strategy Reliability

One of the primary benefits of backtesting in forex prop trading is its ability to ensure strategy reliability. By subjecting a trading strategy to rigorous testing against historical data, traders can validate the efficacy of their approach and identify any potential pitfalls before risking real capital. This process helps traders avoid the common pitfalls of overfitting and curve-fitting, where a strategy performs well on historical data but fails to deliver results in live trading due to its lack of robustness.

Moreover, backtesting allows traders to assess the impact of various factors such as market conditions, trading hours, and asset classes on strategy performance. By conducting sensitivity analysis during backtesting, forex trading experts at Institutional Prop fine-tune their strategies to perform optimally under different market environments and adapt to changing market conditions. This iterative process of testing and refinement is crucial for developing a reliable and adaptable trading strategy that can withstand the uncertainties of the forex market.

Optimizing Entry and Exit Points

Effective entry and exit points are critical components of a successful trading strategy in forex prop trading. Backtesting enables traders to optimize these entry and exit points by analyzing historical data and identifying patterns and trends that signal favorable trading opportunities. By fine-tuning entry and exit parameters such as price levels, indicators, and timeframes, traders can improve the accuracy and profitability of their trades.

During backtesting, traders can experiment with different entry and exit strategies and evaluate their performance based on objective metrics such as risk-adjusted returns and maximum drawdowns. This iterative process allows traders to identify the optimal combination of parameters that maximizes profits while minimizing risk. By incorporating insights gained from backtesting into their trading strategy, industry experts at Institutional Prop make informed decisions and achieve better results in live trading.

Managing Risk Effectively

Risk management is a cornerstone of successful forex prop trading, and backtesting plays a crucial role in evaluating the risk-return profile of a trading strategy. By analyzing historical data, traders can assess the potential risks associated with their strategy, such as maximum drawdowns, volatility, and correlation with other assets. This allows traders to implement risk mitigation measures and establish appropriate position sizing and stop-loss levels to protect their capital.

Additionally, backtesting helps traders identify potential black swan events or outlier scenarios that could adversely affect their strategy's performance. By stress-testing their strategy against extreme market conditions, experienced forex trading experts at Institutional Prop develop contingency plans and risk management strategies to mitigate the impact of unexpected events. This proactive approach to risk management is essential for safeguarding capital and preserving profitability in forex prop trading.

Improving Trader Confidence and Discipline

Backtesting not only helps traders refine their trading strategy but also improves their confidence and discipline when executing trades. By conducting thorough backtesting, traders gain a deeper understanding of their strategy's strengths and weaknesses, which instills confidence in their ability to navigate the forex market successfully. This confidence enables traders to stay disciplined and adhere to their trading plan even during periods of market volatility or uncertainty.

Moreover, the process of backtesting fosters a disciplined approach to trading by emphasizing the importance of following rules and sticking to predetermined criteria for entering and exiting trades. Traders who have thoroughly backtested their strategies are less likely to succumb to emotional biases or impulsive decisions when trading live, leading to more consistent and profitable outcomes. Ultimately, backtesting helps traders develop the mindset and skills necessary to succeed in the challenging and competitive world of forex prop trading.

Backtesting is a critical component of forex prop trading that enables traders to evaluate the reliability and performance of their trading strategies. By subjecting their strategies to rigorous testing against historical data, forex trading experts at Institutional Prop identify strengths and weaknesses, optimize entry and exit points, manage risk effectively, and improve confidence and discipline when trading live. Backtesting empowers traders to make more informed decisions, reduce the likelihood of costly mistakes, and achieve consistent profitability in the dynamic and unpredictable forex market. As such, it is an indispensable tool for traders seeking success and longevity in forex prop trading.

[watespressurevessel]

Step-by-Step Guide to Sizing a Pressure Vessel

Properly sizing a pressure vessel is essential for the efficient and safe operation of water systems, whether in residential, commercial, or industrial settings. An accurately sized vessel ensures consistent water pressure, reduces pump cycling, and prolongs the lifespan of system components. In this step-by-step guide, we’ll walk you through the process of sizing a pressure vessel to meet your specific needs.

Step 1: Determine the System’s Flow Rate

What It Is:

The flow rate is the amount of water that flows through the system during operation, typically measured in gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per second (L/s).

How to Calculate:

You can determine the flow rate by checking the pump’s specifications or by measuring the time it takes to fill a known volume of water and then converting that to a rate.

Example:

If a pump fills a 10-gallon container in 2 minutes, the flow rate is 5 GPM (10 gallons / 2 minutes).

Step 2: Identify the Pump’s Pressure Settings

What It Is:

Pressure settings include the cut-in pressure (the pressure at which the pump starts) and cut-out pressure (the pressure at which the pump stops).

Why It Matters:

These settings determine the pressure range that the vessel needs to accommodate. The larger the pressure differential, the more water the vessel can store during the pump cycle.

Example:

If the cut-in pressure is 40 psi and the cut-out pressure is 60 psi, the pressure differential is 20 psi.

Step 3: Calculate the Drawdown Capacity

What It Is:

Drawdown capacity refers to the volume of water that can be drawn from the vessel between the pump turning on and off. This capacity is crucial for reducing pump cycling.

How to Calculate:

The drawdown capacity can be calculated using the following formula:

Drawdown Capacity (gallons) = (Flow Rate (GPM) x Desired Pump Run Time (minutes)) / 4

The desired pump run time is usually between 1 to 2 minutes to ensure the pump doesn’t cycle too frequently.

Example:

For a system with a 5 GPM flow rate and a desired pump run time of 1.5 minutes, the drawdown capacity would be:

Drawdown Capacity = (5 GPM x 1.5 minutes) / 4 = 1.875 gallons

Step 4: Select the Appropriate Vessel Size

What It Is:

The vessel size refers to the total volume of the pressure vessel, which must be sufficient to handle the calculated drawdown capacity within the pressure range.

How to Choose:

Manufacturers often provide charts or online calculators to help match the vessel size to your system’s requirements based on drawdown capacity, pressure range, and flow rate.

Considerations:

Ensure that the vessel’s size also accounts for potential future increases in water demand or system expansion.

Example:

If the calculated drawdown capacity is 1.875 gallons, you would select a vessel with a total volume that meets or exceeds this requirement, typically factoring in some extra capacity for safety and efficiency.

Step 5: Verify the System Compatibility

What It Is:

Ensure that the chosen pressure vessel is compatible with the system’s pump, piping, and pressure settings.

What to Check:

Check the manufacturer’s specifications for the vessel to confirm it can handle the system’s maximum operating pressure and temperature.

Why It Matters:

Compatibility ensures the vessel will function correctly within your system, avoiding potential issues such as over-pressurization or insufficient pressure storage.

Example:

Verify that the pressure vessel’s maximum operating pressure is higher than the pump’s cut-out pressure (e.g., a vessel rated for 100 psi in a system where the cut-out pressure is 60 psi).

Step 6: Consider Special Conditions

What It Is:

Special conditions include factors like the presence of corrosive water, extreme temperatures, or specific regulatory requirements.

Adjustments Needed:

If your system is in a corrosive environment, you may need to choose a vessel made from corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel or fiberglass. Similarly, extreme temperatures might require a vessel with higher thermal resistance.

Example:

In an industrial setting with high chemical content in the water, an FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) vessel might be more suitable than a standard steel vessel.

Step 7: Finalize and Install

What It Is:

Once the vessel size is determined and confirmed, it’s time to finalize the purchase and proceed with installation.

Installation Tips:

Ensure the vessel is installed according to the manufacturer’s guidelines, with proper anchoring, connections, and safety measures in place. If in doubt, consider professional installation to ensure everything is set up correctly.

Example:

After selecting a 20-gallon vessel that meets all system requirements, install it in a location that is easily accessible for maintenance and in an area that can support the vessel’s weight when full.

Sizing a pressure vessel correctly is vital for maintaining system efficiency, reducing wear and tear, and ensuring safety. By following these steps—calculating flow rate, understanding pressure settings, determining drawdown capacity, selecting the right vessel, verifying compatibility, considering special conditions, and ensuring proper installation—you can confidently choose a pressure vessel that meets your needs and enhances your system’s performance. For more info contact Wates Pressure Vessel Supplier in UAE or call us at +971 4 2522966.