#martirosyan hovhannes

[gayanelogic]

Avoidability: A Look at the World Through the Lens of GL4 Multi-Valued Logic

We live in a world full of events. Some of them seem inevitable to us, like the sunrise, while others seem random, like meeting an old friend on the street. But what if we look at events that have already happened from the perspective of "Could it have been otherwise?". This idea lies at the heart of the concept of Avoidability, which finds its formal expression in a system of multi-valued logic known as GL4 (Gayane Quaternary Logic).

What is Avoidability?

Avoidability is not about predicting the future. It's a look into the past with the question: "Could this event not have happened?". It asserts that most past events had alternative paths of development. Under different circumstances, the outcome could have been different.

Imagine you decided to start learning a foreign language. This is your decision, your action. But was this decision inevitable? Could you have chosen a different hobby, dedicated your time to another activity? Most likely, yes. Your language learning is a fact, but the reasons that led you to this particular decision were not 100% predetermined. This is what Avoidability describes.

The Humanitarian and Philosophical Aspects of Avoidability:

Avoidability helps us better understand history, human behavior, and the nature of reality itself.

History: History is full of events that could have unfolded differently. Wars could have been prevented, discoveries could have been made sooner or later, political leaders could have made different decisions. Recognizing this allows us to analyze historical processes more deeply and understand that history is not a rigidly defined script, but the result of many choices and chance occurrences.

Personal Choice: Every day we make many choices. Avoidability reminds us that our decisions are not predetermined, and we are responsible for their consequences. This idea is closely related to the concept of free will.

Chance and Regularity: There is a place for both chance and regularity in the world. Avoidability helps us understand that not all events can be explained by unambiguous causes. There is an element of uncertainty that makes the world more complex and interesting. Multi-valued logic, such as GL4, allows for a more accurate description of such situations.

The Technical Aspect: GL4 and Composite Values:

GL4 is a system of multi-valued logic that goes beyond the classical binary logic of "true/false." It offers four basic states, considering both the truth/falsity of an event and its "avoidability"/"inevitability":

Inevitable True (E): The event will necessarily happen.

Avoidable True (D): The event happened, but could have not happened.

Avoidable False (C): The event did not happen, but could have happened.

Inevitable False (B): The event is impossible.

These states are called elementary values (Evag).

GL4 also uses composite values (Covag), which are combinations of elementary values. These combinations are encoded by four bits, each of which corresponds to one of the basic states. For example:

1000 corresponds to E (Inevitable True).

0100 corresponds to D (Avoidable True).

0010 corresponds to C (Avoidable False).

0001 corresponds to B (Inevitable False).

Composite values allow for the description of more complex situations where there are elements of both inevitability and avoidability, as well as truth and falsehood. For example, the value 1100 (E+D) means that the event contains both an element of inevitable truth and an element of avoidable truth.

Avoidability in GL4:

In the context of GL4, Avoidability is associated with the states "Avoidable True" (D) and "Avoidable False" (C). These states show that an event could have happened or not happened, unlike "Inevitable True" (E) and "Inevitable False" (B), where the outcome is predetermined. This is an important difference from binary logic, where an event is either true or false, without any intermediate states.

Examples in the context of GL4:

Ani is a former capital of Armenia (D - Avoidable True): Ani was the capital of Armenia, this is a historical fact (true). But history could have turned out differently, and another city could have become the capital (avoidable).

Gyumri is the capital of Armenia (C - Avoidable False): Gyumri is not the capital of Armenia (false). But in certain historical periods, there was a possibility that Gyumri could have become the capital (avoidable).

Avoidability in GL4 as part of multi-valued logic:

GL4, as a system of multi-valued logic, provides a more subtle tool for analyzing situations than classical binary logic. The concept of Avoidability allows us to consider not only the fact itself (truth or falsehood), but also how predetermined the causes leading to this fact were. This makes GL4 particularly useful for analyzing history, decision-making, and understanding complex systems where there is an element of chance and ambiguity.

Conclusion:

Avoidability is an important concept that allows us to look at the world in a new way. It reminds us that the past was not predetermined, and that we have free will that influences our present and future. GL4 multi-valued logic provides a formal apparatus for describing and analyzing this concept, making it a powerful tool for exploring complex systems and processes.

[goalhofer]

2020 Olympics Armenia Roster

Boxing

Koryun Soghomonyan (Yerevan)

Hovhannes Bachkov (Gyumri)

Arman Darchinyan (Vanadzor)

Gymnastics

Artur Davtyan (Yerevan)

Wrestling

Arsen Harutyunyan (Masis)

Vazgen Tevanyan (Pokr Vedi)

Karapet Chalyan (Gyumri)

Artur Aleksanyan (Gyumri)

Armen Melikyan (Vagharshapat)

Karen Aslayan (Yerevan)

Athletics

Levon Aghasyan (Kapan)

Judo

Ferdinand Karapetian (Vardenis)

Shooting

Elmira Karapetyan (Yerevan)

Swimming

Artur Barseghyan (Yerevan)

Varsenik Manucharyan (Yerevan)

Wrestling

Simon Martirosyan (Haykashen)

Izabella Yaylyan (Yerevan)

[gayanelogic]

Common Mistakes in Gayane Logic Study.

Probable Concept Content Problem

People and language models often misunderstand the term Probable in the context of GL4.

First, the term "Probable" in GL4 means everything that is not inevitable. It can be understood as probabilistic, random, conditional, possible, and so on. From the logic side, instead of the word "Probable" it would be correct to say AVOIDABLE, but there are problems with national languages.

That is why the author decided to stick with the word "Probable" as a GL4 term meaning everything that is not inevitable (probabilistic, random, conditioned, possible…).

Identifying Probable with Forecast and Future.

People and language models often identify the term Probable in the context of Gayane Logic with the future, a forecast for the future. It can be the future, but not always. At the initial level of study, such an approach only hinders the understanding of GL4. Our intuition and other logical systems, Probable refer to the unknown, including the future. In our case, Probable is a reference to the cause of phenomena, actions, the givenness of the world. Probable is not a reference to the future and a probability forecast. But the nature of the cause. Limiting "Probable" only to future events narrows its meaning and does not allow us to see the full depth of this concept. The concept of "Probable" in GL4 is much richer and deeper than just a forecast of the future. It is associated with the characteristics of the causes of phenomena and their contextual dependence. Understanding this nuance allows us to more accurately and deeply analyze various phenomena and processes.

Erroneous interpretation of "Probable" as "unknown" in the elementary meanings of PT, PF

In the Gayane Logic system, at the level of elementary meanings, there is no concept of uncertainty or probability. Probable True is not a degree of truth, and Probable False is not a degree of falsity. Take this for granted until you learn the compound values ​​of GL4.

What is the scale of Inevitable, or the boundary between Inevitable and Probable?

Unless we have established a specific class that can be considered a separate closed world, Inevitable is usually understood to be the widest known universe. Otherwise, it may be some specific class, subset, or relation that we have agreed upon or that is implied by the context. Inevitable can be compared to the universal quantifier and the negation of the existential quantifier. In both cases, the assertion or negation is complete and comprehensive.

[gayanelogic]

The existential quantifier as a necessary and sufficient minimum for obtaining the quantifiers of the Universality and Part, ∃, ∀, Δ.

Three logical quantifiers for working with sets.

∃ — Quantifier of existence. ∀ — Quantifier of universality. Δ — Quantifier of a part, segment.

Four basic forms of judgment are based on existence.

a “-∃-x” Non-Xs do not exist b “-∃ x” Xs do not exist c “∃-x” Non-Xs exist d “∃ x” Xs exist

From the four elementary forms of existence - a, b, c, d we obtain the quantifiers of universality and partiality.

ab — «-∃-x», «-∃x». Zeroes out the superclass of x. ac — «-∃-x», «∃-x». Contradiction, false. ad — «-∃-x», «∃x». ∀∃x. Everything is x. bc — «-∃x», «∃-x». ∀∃-x. Everything is -x. bd — «-∃x», «∃x». Contradiction, false. cd — «∃-x», «∃x». Δ∃x. Only part is x, the rest is -x.

Logical square of existential, universal and part quantifiers.

Gayane Logic by Martirosyan Hovhannes.

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[gayanelogic]

Graphs for ternary logic.

[gayanelogic]

3) Gayane Logic (GL4) - four valued (Quaternary) logic.

As I mentioned above, I was initially interested in the humanitarian field of logic.

And from this it follows that logical systems must correspond to practice

human thinking, which, in turn, developed in our common,

the familiar world, and not in the world of some quantum, electrical, optical or chemical phenomena. Although with the help of physical and chemical phenomena it is possible to digitize and reflect the real world, our language and thinking were formed in our historical world and their best and worst sides influence each other.

Initially, I wanted to make do with a ternary system, the third element of which would be

either uncertainty, or chance, or something sembling equilibrium, calm

states:

(0, ?, 1).

There were other ideas too, for example,

yes, no, vice versa:

(-1, 0, 1),

There are some other interesting ideas that I won’t go into. But in

at some point the idea began to mature that Gayane Logic should

catch exception. But it turned out that the system had 2 false and one true values.

1) !x - it is impossible that x.

2) -x - it is false that x.

3) x - it is true that x.

He helped me a lot with a lot of work, but even on a superficial and intuitive level, something was missing. With the status of truth, everything is clear: truth and falsehood. And “excluded”, that is, !x, what other status does it belong to, if at all? And it turns out that it belongs, this is the status of necessity. I saw !x (excluded x) as a necessary lie, and in this case it is wrong not to take into account the necessary truth.

Well, I had to agree with the idea that the system is more than ternary.

If binary logic had 4 unary operators, and then one of them is not mentioned:

A) 0 -> 0, 1 -> 0.

B) 0 -> 1, 1 -> 1.

C) 0 -> 0, 1 -> 1.

D) 0 -> 1, 1 -> 0. Inversion, (unary) NOT

Only inversion is mentioned; there are already 27 unary operators in ternary logic.

There are already 256 unary operators in the Quaternary system, only unary ones!

When implemented in a computer programming language, the strengths and weaknesses of even and odd systems were clearly expressed. It turned out that, taking into account many factors, I settled on an even number of systems, which is GL4: Gayane Logic 4. The system developed up to GL6, but it’s too early to talk about that. GL6 is not just adding a third status, it’s a little different.

And so, we are slowly approaching GL4.

[gayanelogic]

Many Valued /Quaternary/ logic.

E Inevitable True (11)

D Probable True (10)

C Probable False (00)

B Inevitable False (01)

[armeniaitn]

Tokyo Olympics medal table: Armenia is 69th

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Tokyo Olympics medal table: Armenia is 69th

The leader in the medal count in Tokyo 2020 at the moment is the team of the United States of America with a total of 113 medals, 39 of which are gold.

The second place took the Chinese team-with 38 gold, 32 silver and 18 bronze medals.

Japan, the host country at the 2020 Games, came third. The Japanese won 27 gold, 14 silver and 17 bronze medals. The top four is completed by the British Olympic team – 22 gold, 21 silver, 22 bronze.

The Armenian Olympic team is in the 69th place, having 2 silver և 2 bronze medals.

Team Armenia is bringing home 4 medals-two silver and two bronze. Greco-Roman wrestler, 2016 Olympic champion Artur Aleksanyan and weightlifter Simon Martirosyan won silver medals, while gymnast Artur Davtyan and boxer Hovhannes Bachkov won bronze.

The closing ceremony will begin on August 8 at 15:00 local time. Japan’s mayor will ceremonially hand over the Olympic flag to the mayor of Paris, where the next summer Olympic Games will take place.

Boxer Hovhannes Backov will be Team Armenia’s flag-bearer at the closing ceremony of the 32nd summer Olympic Games in Tokyo. Bachkov, who won bronze at the lightweight division, was the flag-bearer at the opening ceremony too.

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[armeniaitn]

Armenian boxer Hovhannes Bachkov wins bronze at Tokyo Olympics

New Post has been published on https://armenia.in-the.news/sports/armenian-boxer-hovhannes-bachkov-wins-bronze-at-tokyo-olympics-77295-06-08-2021/

Armenian boxer Hovhannes Bachkov wins bronze at Tokyo Olympics

August 6, 2021 – 10:15 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – Boxer Hovhannes Bachkov has won bronze at Tokyo Olympics, raising Armenia’s medal count to four. The lightweight boxer lost his final bout to Keyshawn Davis of the United States 5:0 on Friday, August 6․

Bachkov reached the semifinals by defeating Uzbekistan’s Elnur Abduraimov 5-0 August 3. Already then he was now guaranteed no worse than a bronze medal.

Gymnast Artur Davtyan won Armenia’s first medal at the Olympics in Tokyo on August 2. The next day, weightlifter Simon Martirosyan and wrestler Artur Aleksanyan snatched a silver medal each.

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[armeniaitn]

Tokyo-2020․ Bachkov – bronze medalist of the Olympic Games

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Tokyo-2020․ Bachkov – bronze medalist of the Olympic Games

In the semifinals of boxing in the 63 kg weight category of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, the representative of Armenia Hovhannes Bachkov lost by points to the American Kaishon DGis and won a bronze medal at the Olympic Games.

In the quarterfinals, Hovhannes Bachkov competed with Elnur Abduraimov, who represents Uzbekistan. Our boxer had an advantage with a score of 5-0. It should be reminded that Bachkov defeated the representatives of Antigua, Barbuda and Azerbaijan before reaching the quarterfinals.

Armenia has already won three medals at the 32nd Summer Olympics. Weightlifter Simon Martirosyan and Greco-Roman wrestler Arthur Aleksanyan won a silver medal, and gymnast Arthur Davtyan won a bronze medal.

Armenia participated in the Tokyo Olympics with 17 sportsmen.

The Tokyo Summer Olympics will end on August 8.

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[armeniaitn]

Olympics: Simon Martirosyan snatches silver for Armenia

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Olympics: Simon Martirosyan snatches silver for Armenia

August 3, 2021 – 17:01 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – Simon Martirosyan, one of the strongest and most celebrated Armenian weightlifters, won silver in Tokyo on Tuesday, August 3, raising the medal count on the country’s balance to three at the Olympic Games.

Martirosyan raised a total of 423kg above his head, and was only outperformed by Akbar Djuraev of Uzbekistan.

In the snatch event, Martirosyan lifted 195 kg, setting a new Olympic record. In clean and jerk, however, the Armenian athlete raised 228 kg, failing his second and third attempts.

Also Tuesday, Greco-Roman wrestler Artur Aleksanyan won a silver medal, while Gymnast Artur Davtyan won bronze – Armenia’s first medal – a day earlier.

Boxer Hovhannes Bachkov, meanwhile, has reached the semifinals in the Olympic boxing lightweight division and is now guaranteed no worse than a bronze medal. Bachkov will fight in the semifinals against Keyshawn Davis of the United States on August 6.

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[armeniaitn]

Bad referee call leaves Karapet Chalyan with no Olympic medal

New Post has been published on https://armenia.in-the.news/sports/bad-referee-call-leaves-karapet-chalyan-with-no-olympic-medal-77161-03-08-2021/

Bad referee call leaves Karapet Chalyan with no Olympic medal

August 3, 2021 – 15:35 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler Karapet Chalyan lost the bronze medal bout against Azerbaijan’s Rafig Huseynov in Tokyo on Tuesday, August 3 due an unfair call from the judges.

When the score was 1:1, the Azerbaijani wrestler was awarded two points as judges decided that Chalyan allegedly hit his opponent in the head. The coaches of the Armenian national team challenged the decision, but the protest was rejected, and Huseynov was awarded one more point.

Two other Armenians are fighting for gold on Tuesday.

Greco-Roman wrestler Artur Aleksanyan who won his first Olympic gold in Rio, defeated Arvi Martin Savolainen of Finland in the semi-finals of the 4:1 on Monday to advance to the final of the Olympic Games on Tokyo. In his final bout, Aleksanyan will take on Musa Evloev of Russia.

Weightlifter Simon Martirosyan (109kg), a World and European champion and an Olympic silver medalist, will start his Tokyo journey on Tuesday, in the men’s 109 kg weightlifting competitions.

Boxer Hovhannes Bachkov, meanwhile, reached the semifinals in the Olympic boxing lightweight division and is now guaranteed no worse than a bronze medal. Bachkov will fight in the semifinals against Keyshawn Davis of the United States on August 6.

Gymnast Artur Davtyan won Armenia’s first medal at the Olympics in Tokyo on Monday, August 2. The 28-year-old athlete scored 14․733 points in the men’s vault event to snatch the bronze medal.

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[armeniaitn]

Two Armenian Olympians to fight for gold on Aug. 3

New Post has been published on https://armenia.in-the.news/sports/two-armenian-olympians-to-fight-for-gold-on-aug-3-77145-03-08-2021/

Two Armenian Olympians to fight for gold on Aug. 3

August 3, 2021 – 11:29 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler Artur Aleksanyan and weightlifter Simon Martirosyan (109kg) will be fighting for a gold medal each at the Olympics on Tuesday, August 3.

Aleksanyan, who won his first Olympic gold in Rio, defeated Arvi Martin Savolainen of Finland in the semi-finals of the 4:1 on Monday to advance to the final of the Olympic Games on Tokyo. In his final bout, Aleksanyan will take on Musa Evloev of Russia.

Martirosyan, a World and European champion and an Olympic silver medalist, will start his Tokyo journey on Tuesday, in the men’s 109 kg weightlifting competitions.

Also Tuesday, wrestler Karapet Chalyan (77 kg) will take on Rafig Huseynov of Azerbaijan for the Olympic bronze.

Boxer Hovhannes Bachkov, meanwhile, reached the semifinals in the Olympic boxing lightweight division and is now guaranteed no worse than a bronze medal. Bachkov will fight in the semifinals against Keyshawn Davis of the United States on August 6.

Gymnast Artur Davtyan won Armenia’s first medal at the Olympics in Tokyo on Monday, August 2. The 28-year-old athlete scored 14․733 points in the men’s vault event to snatch the bronze medal.

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[armeniaitn]

Olympic Games open in Tokyo: Armenia represented by 17 athletes

New Post has been published on https://armenia.in-the.news/sports/olympic-games-open-in-tokyo-armenia-represented-by-17-athletes-76723-23-07-2021/

Olympic Games open in Tokyo: Armenia represented by 17 athletes

The 2020 Summer Olympics opened in Tokyo, Japan today. Armenia is represented by 17 athletes. Swimmer Varsenik Manucharyan and boxer Hovhannes Bachkov were the flag bearers of Armenia at the opening ceremony.

Gymnast Artur Davtyan will be the first of our athletes to compete in the Tokyo Olympics. Tomorrow, at dawn on July 24, at 05:00 Yerevan time, he will participate in the qualification round. Artur will take part in two competitions: pommel horse and pole vault.

Boxer Hovhannes Bachkov (63 kg) will enter the ring on July 25. His first rival is Ryan Alston from Antigua and Barbuda. Shooter Elmira Karapetyan (pistol, 10 meters) will show her skills in the qualification round.

Judoist Ferdinand Karapetyan (73 kg) will perform on July 26. His first opponent is Kazakh Jansay Smagulov. Boxer Koryun Soghomonyan (52 kg) will enter the competition on the same day. He will fight against British Jafal Galal. His teammate Arman Darchinyan (75 kg) will start the fight from the 1/16 final.

Weightlifter Isabella Yaylyan (59 kg) will enter the competition on July 27. On the same day swimmer Artur Barseghyan will participate in 100 meters freestyle.

Swimmer Varsenik Manucharyan will show her abilities in 100 meters freestyle on July 28.

Artur Barseghyan (50 meters, freestyle) will have his second start on July 30.

Greco-Roman wrestlers will enter the competition from August 1. Armen Melikyan (60 kg) will be the first to perform.

On August 2, Karapet Chalyan (77 kg) and Artur Aleksanyan (97 kg) will enter fight. Their teammate Karen Aslanyan (67 kg) will compete the next day.

On August 3, weightlifter Simon Martirosyan and triple jumper Leon Aghasyan will enter the competition.

Armenian freestyle wrestler Arsen Harutyunyan (57 kg) will compete on August 4, and Vazgen Tchanyan (65 kg) will compete on August 6.

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[armeniaitn]

Armenia's second Olympic delegation leaves for Tokyo

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Armenia's second Olympic delegation leaves for Tokyo

July 19, 2021 – 11:36 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – Armenia’s second Olympic delegation has left for Tokyo, Armenpress reports.

In particular, swimmers Varsenik Manucharyan, Artur Barseghyan, their coach Armine Avetisyan, judoka Ferdinand Karapetyan and his coach Hovhannes Davtyan, weightlifters Simon Martirosyan, Izabella Yaylyan and their coach Vigen Khachatryan, boxers Koryun Soghomonov and Hovhannes Bachkov, as well as their coaches Robert Hovhannisyan and Karen Ghazaryan have departed for the Japanese capital.

Shooter Elmira Karapetyan and national shooting team coach Seyran Nikoghosyan, as well as doctors of the Armenian Olympic team David Mosinyan and Harutyun Prazyan are already in Tokyo.

In total, 17 Armenians have qualified for the Olympic Games this year.

Tokyo 2020 will be held from 21 July to 8 August 2021 in Japan. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the event was postponed in March 2020 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic.

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[armeniaitn]

Levon Aronian to represent Armenia at Chess World Cup

New Post has been published on https://armenia.in-the.news/sports/levon-aronian-to-represent-armenia-at-chess-world-cup-75419-25-06-2021/

Levon Aronian to represent Armenia at Chess World Cup

June 25, 2021 – 10:59 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net – Grandmaster Levon Aronian will represent Armenia at Chess World Cup 2021, according to information published by FIDE.

Aronian announced in late February that he was leaving Armenia for the United States but his FIDE page still says he represents the Armenian federation.

Also representing Armenia are grandmasters Gabriel Sargissian, Haik M. Martirosyan, Hovhannes Gabuzyan and Shant Sargsyan.

At the Chess World Cup 2021, more than 200 players will compete in the single-elimination chess tournament that will take place in Sochi, Russia, from 10 July to 3 August 2021. The total prize fund is $1,892,500, with the first prize of $110,000.

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