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Mod 3 Botany Sem End

Ayurveda

Intro

Ayurveda is derived from the sanskrit words 'ayu' - life and 'veda' - knowledge. It means the 'science of life'

It is the most ancient system of medicine dating back to the Vedic age (1500-800BC)

This medical system is considered to be divine in origin as the father of Ayurveda, Dhanvantari, received knowledge from Lord Brahma, the god of creation

Ayurveda is also called Brahma Sampradaya.

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Principles

1) Panchmahabhootas

Everything in the universe is made up of 5 basic elements:

- Aakash (Space)

- Prithvi (Earth)

- Jal (Water)

- Agni (Fire)

- Vayu (Air)

2) Tridoshas

The 5 basic elements are represented in the human body as 3 basic forces within:

- Vaata (Vayu + Aakash): Directs nerve impulses, circulation, respiration, and excretion.

- Pitta (Agni + Jal): Governs digestion, visual perception, and hunger.

- Kapha (Prithvi + Jal): Works at a cellular level, maintains stability, and gives the body strength.

Good health depends on the balance and equilibrium of the 3 doshas.

An imbalance leads to disease.

3) Dhatus

There are 7 types of dhatus (tissues) which make up the body:

- Rasa (Plasma, body fluids)

- Rakta (Blood)

- Mamsa (Muscle)

- Meda (Fat)

- Shukra (Hormones and Secretion of Genitals)

- Asthi (Bones)

- Majja (Bone marrow)

4) Malas

There are 3 ways in which the body expels waste:

- Purisa (Feces): For healthy digestion

- Mutra (Urine): Regulated fluid balance and blood pressure

- Sweda (Sweat): Controls body temp. and maintains electrolytic balance in the body

5)Srothas

Includes the pathways through which the nutrients, hormones, and waste flow through the body.

6) Trigunas

The same way the body is governed by the tridoshas, the mind is governed by the trigunas:

- Satwa: Brings about noble, kind, and good thought in a person, making them righteous and spiritual.

- Rajas: Responsible for movement, activity, desire, and passion.

- Tamas: responsible for laziness, oversleeping, and ignorance.

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Diagnosis

Ayurveda aims at

- Curing the disease

- Enhancing vitality of the body

- Developing immunity towards diseases

Diagnosis begins with a basic pulse examination (Naadi Pariksha), followed by observing abnormalities in the eyes, tongue, skin, and ear.

A detailed account is made with respect to a patient's sleep patters, physical fitness, body measurements, thirst, and appetite.

Treatment can only begin when the physician thoroughly understand the imbalance in the tridoshas.

Ayurvedic drugs are primarily plant based with few drugs having animal and mineral origin.

The drugs are in the forms of powders, pastes, oils, ointments, decoctions, etc.

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Treatment

There are 4 ways in which a patient can be treated:

1) Shamana Therapy

The disturbed dosha is restored to its original balance without causing any imbalance in other doshas.

This is achieved by administering carminatives (relieves gas that is accumulated in the alimentary canal), or by giving drugs that induces thirst and hunger.

Therapy also includes exercise and exposure to early sun.

2) Shodhana Therapy

Includes drugs that cause

- Emesis (Vomiting)

- Purging (Purifying)

- Enemas (Injection of fluids into rectum to relieve gastro-intestinal discomforts)

- Nasal administration of medicines

- Blood purification

All of the above features clean the body and are called Panchakarma

3) Diet and Exercise

4) Surgery

Only those diseases which cannot be cured by drugs are subjected to surgery.

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Siddha

Siddha is a traditional system of medicine having its origin in South India.

It stands for “Perfection in life”

It is said to be divine in origin as it is believed that ‘Lord Shiva’ explained this system to sage ‘Agasthya’ (Father of Siddha).

Hence Siddha is also called as ‘Shaiva Sampradaya’.

14 manuscripts on Siddha medicine are preserved on Palm leaves, as classics in the ‘Saraswati Mahal library’ at ‘Tanjore, Tamil Nadu’.

The people who practice this system of medicine are called as ‘Siddhars'

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Principles

A healthy soul can only be developed from a healthy body.

1) Everything in the universe is made up of 5 basic elements, similar to Panchamahabhootas:

- Aakasham – space

- Thee – Fire

- Munn – Earth

- Vayu – Air

- Neer - Water

2) Like Ayurveda, Siddha also believes in the concept of Tridoshams, 3 humors or the 3 vital forces:

- Vatham – predominant during childhood. occupies regions related to the pelvis and the rectum.

- Pittam – during adulthood. occupies regions related to the stomach and the viscera

- Kapham – during old age. occupies regions related to breath, the throat, and the head.

When the equilibrium of the 3 humors is disturbed, disease arises.

3) The 7 Dhatus (body tissues) include:

- Rasa/Saram (Plasma) – responsible for growth, development and nourishment.

- Cheneer (Blood) – for nourishing muscles, imparting colour and improving intellect.

- Oon (Muscle) – for shape of the body

- Kozhuppu (Fatty tissue) – for oil balance and lubricating joints

- Elumbu (Bone) – for body structure, posture and movement

- Majjai (Bone marrow) – for formation of blood corpuscles

- Sukkilam (semen) and sronitha (for reproduction)

4) The 3 ways through which the body expels waste

- Feces

- Urine

- Sweat

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Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of a disease is based on 8 factors:

- Na – tongue

- Naadi – pulse

- Neer – urine

- Sparsham – touch

- Swara – voice

- Kan – eyes

- Varna – skin colour

- Mala – body waste

Urine examination is considered to be very peculiar when it comes to diagnosis in siddha

Urine is collected in a porcelain bowl and a drop of gingelly oil is added. The spread and color change in oil is recorded.

Siddha medicine included drugs that are plant based, mineral based and metallic origin.

Drugs are classified into 6 classes based on their ability to dissolve in water and effect of heat on its nature.

- Uppu (salt) - water soluble, gives out vapor on heating

- Pashanam (rocks) - insoluble in water but give out vapor when heated

- Uparasam (minerals) – similar to pashanam, heat resistant and differ in action, ex: mica

- Loham (metals) – insoluble in water and melt when heated

- Rasam (soft drugs) – soluble in water, ex: mercury

- Gandhakm (sulphur) - insoluble in water

Treatment is aimed at keeping the 3 humors in equilibrium and the maintenance of 7 tissues.

Proper diet, exercise, timely medicine and disciplined life are advised for restoring the equilibrium of humors in diseased condition.

Treatment is classified into:

1) Divine method (Deva Maruthuvam)

The medicines prepared from metals and minerals come under this topic.

A very small dose brings quick recovery even from chronic ailments.

Most of these medicines have no expiry date that as they can be preserved life-long.

Ex: Chendooram - Red color powder (metallic compounds)

2) Rational method (Manida Maruthuvam)

They are herbal medicines which have short definite life span.

Dose may vary accordingly.

Ex: Charu (juice)

3) Surgical method (Asura Maruthuvam)

These are surgical procedures meant for diseases which are not cured alone by internal medicines.

Done by incision, excision, heat application (steam therapy), blood letting (the surgical removal of some of a patient's blood for therapeutic purposes.) etc.

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Unani

The Unani system of medicine originated in Greece (Yunan in Arabic).

It is the Perso-Arabic system of medicine was based on the teachings of the Greek physicians.

Hippocrates, 460-377 BC is said to be 'father of Unani medicine’.

After the decline of Greek-Roman empire, the medicinal system of the Greeks was upheld by the Muslims as the Unani medicine.

Later, Prophet Mohamed (Founder of Islam) and his successors (caliphs) in the Arabic countries took interest in expanding the Unani medicine.

Jundishapur, on the border of Persia became the center of Unani medicine.

The Unani system was brought to India by Muslims during their rule.

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Principles

The Unani physicians regarded human body to be composed of 7 natural principles:

1) Al-Anasir (Elements):

- Includes air, water, fire, and earth.

- The human body is also constituted with these four elements:

Naar (fire)

Hawa (air)

Ma (water)

Arz (earth)

Al-Mizaz (Temperments):

- represents the physico-chemical aspects of the body.

- Any change in temperament results in change in person’s health.

- Ex: Hot, Cold, Dry, Wet, combinations of them

Al-Akalt (Humors/Body Fluids):

- includes the structural components of the body.

- There are 4 humors:

Blood (Khoon)

Phlegm (Balgham)

Yellow Bile (Safra)

Black Bile (Sauda)

- These 4 humors are utilized by body as nutrient components for growth and repair of organs and to yield energy.

- Thus ‘humoral balance’ is required to be maintained in the body to remain healthy.

- Any imbalance leads to disease.

Al-Aza (Organs)

- 4 organs of primary importance:

- Heart

- Brain

- Liver

- Testicles/ovaries

- All other organs are governed by them. Thus initially these organs are monitored in case of a disease.

Al-Arwah (Vital Spirit)

there are 3 forces administered in Unani system:

- The vital forces – these are the life forces and they arise in heart

- Natural forces – these forces arise in the liver

- Psychic forces – these forces mediate the behaviour, cause voluntary movement and create sensation. These forces arise in brain.

Al-Quwa (power/energy)

Unani system postulates that the body itself contains a mechanism of healing.

This power restores any disturbance in the body.

Al-Afal (functions)

Includes the physiology of the body including biochemical processes.

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Diagnosis

Disease diagnosis is carried out in the following steps:

- Body heat: measured by pulse and palpitation (rapid, strong or irregular heart beat)

- Urine examination: indicates the disorders in kidney, liver and digestive organs

- Stool examination: helps in diagnosis of indigestion problems, acidity and presence of worms

- Examination by touch, tapping the body to hear sound: used to diagnose disease of internal organs

- Examination of blood pressure

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Treatment

The Unani physicians are called as ‘Hakims’ or ‘Tabibs’.

Treatment includes:

1) Diet Therapy

- Treating the ailments by regulating the quality and quantity of food intake.

- Relates to the timing of food intake

- Food intake should not be delayed and also not to be eaten unless there is appetite.

- Some light activity should be practiced after the meal, like walking.

2) Drug Therapy

- Use of naturally occurring drugs of herbal, animal and mineral origin.

- Both single and compound formulations are used in the treatment.

- Examples of drugs include – beetle nut, Chandan, imli, cloves, nutmeg etc.

3) Surgery

- the last therapeutic measure to restore the health.

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Homeopathy

Introduction

Homeopathy is basically a western system of medicine that became popular in India.

It is derived from 2 Greek words, 'Homois' - similar, and 'Pathos' - suffering.

It is developed by a German doctor, Samuel Hahnemann in the late 1700s

This system of medicine is a 'holistic approach' that takes into consideration the whole person and the relation of the life style to the disease.

Its main aim is to bring back the lost equilibrium of the sick individual by stimulation the defense mechanism.

Hahnemann put forward the Law of Similar: Similia Similibus Curentur, which means 'like cures like'.

He believed that symptoms that are the outward reflection of the body's fight to overcome the illness

A homeopathic doctor does not treat the name of the disease, rather the treatment is targeted against the patient.

Hahnemann published an article titled 'Essay on the new principle for ascertaining the curative power of the drug' in 1796, in this he postulated that 'a drug cured those symptoms of a disease, which it can produce when taken by healthy individual, like cures like.'

ex: Red onion makes your eyes water, that's why it is used in homeopathic remedies for allergies.

Homeopathy in other words means 'like disease'. This means that the medicine given is like the disease that the person is expressing.

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Homeopathy in India

It was introduced in 1839 when Dr. John Martin Honigberger successfully treated Maharaja Ranjit Singh for paralysis of vocal cords.

Later Dr. A.L. Sircar edited the first homeopathic journal 'Calcutta journal of medicine' in 1868.

In 1881, Dr. P.C. Mujumdar and Dr. D.N. Roy established first homeopathic college named 'The Calcutta homeopathic medicinal college'.

Gradually, homeopathic dispensaries were opened slowly in other cities and states.

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Principles

1) Similia Similibus Curentur (like cures like)

This law states that which can cause can cure.

The onion which produces tears in eyes and irritation (similar to a cold) can be used as homeopathic medicine to cure cold.

This the the law of cure.

2) Simplex Similimum Minimum

This principle consists of 3 words:

- Simplex:

Simple medicines should be prescribed.

This is the law of single remedy

Compound medicines are not allowed

- Similimum:

The totality of the symptoms of the patient must be taken

This will lead a picture that corresponds to one medicine

- Minimum:

A low dosage of medicine is recommended

Medicines for low potency when given for long duration have better impact.

3) Principle of Individualization

It states that one must treat the patient, not the disease.

Not two human beings are alike, so the medicines use for their treatment need not be alike.

Medicines are prescribed based on 'totality of symptoms' of the individual, so the name of disease is not important to the doctor.

4) Principle of Potentization

Homeopathic medicines are diluted in alcohol or water or milk sugar/lactose to make them more palatable.

The more the medicine is dilutes, the more powerful it becomes.

The process of dilution is called as 'Potentization'

The medicines are referred to as 'potencies'

5) Law of Direction/Direction of Cure

Healing often progresses from more important organs to less important organs, thus the health of the heart or brain improves before that of less vital organs like the stomach or joints.

Healing often follows a downward course, from head to foot. This pathway of symptom movement may be understood by remembering that the head houses the brain.

Symptoms disappear in the reverse order of their appearance.

Ex: The first symptoms to appear will be the last to resolve, while the most recent symptoms will be the first to disappear.

Healing often proceeds from within the organism and extends outwards.

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Diagnosis and Treatment

The homeopath first tries to study the nature of symptoms of the illness.

In diagnosis, the whole range of patients mental and emotional and physical state is considered to understand the state of patients defense mechanism.

After the process of diagnosis comes the principle of individualization, hence every case is treated as separate individual.

The physician's interest is not to just cure the diseases but also the long term well-being.

These medicines are used in the form of pills, powders, and diluted liquid formulations.

The strength of this treatment lies in the wholistic approach towards the sick individual.

Ex of medicinal plants used in drug prep: Tulasi, Tippateega, Aswagandha, etc.

This system uses mineral salts that are concerned with the functional activities of the human body. There are 12 in number:

- Calc Fluor: Strengthens teeth enamel and bones

- Calc Phos - Restores cells and heals fractures

- Calc Sulph - Purifies blood and reduces infection

- Ferr Phos - Anti-inflammatory and reduces fever

- Kali Mur - Purifies blood

- Hali Phos - Supports nerve health

- Kali Sulph - Heals mucous membrane

- Mag Phos - Eases cramps

- Nat Mur - Balances body fluids

- Nat Phos - Neutralizes activity, aids digestion

- Nat Suplh - cleans kidney, liver, and treats cold and flu

- Silica - Cleanses blood, conditions skin and connective tissue

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AYUSH

The department of 'Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy' abbreviated as AYUSH, is a givernment in India.

The department started 1995 as the department of 'Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy' (ISM&H). AYUSH received its current name in 2003. Then it was operated under Ministry of Health and family Welfare.

The Ministry of AYUSH was formed on 9th November, 2014 by the elevation of department of AYUSH.

AYUSH is a common Hindu name, derived from Sanskrit meaning 'Life'.

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Bodies Under AYUSH:

Research Councils:

- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Medicine Science (CCORAS)

- Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS)

- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM)

- Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH)

- Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy (CCRYN)

- Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM)

National Institutes:

- National Institute of Ayurveda (NIA), Jaipur

- National Institute of Siddha (NIS), Chennai

- National Institute of Homeopathy (NIH), Kolkata

- National Institute of Naturopathy (NIN), Pune

- National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore

- Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth (RAV), New Delhi

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Roles:

1) Upgradation of educational standards in Ayurveda, Yoga, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathic colleges in the country.

2) To conduct time bound research programs on identified diseases to strengthen research activities.

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NMPB

NMBP stands for the National Medicinal Plant Board.

It was set up in Nov 2000, by the gov of India under the Department of AYUSH.

Located in New Delhi.

It looks into all aspects of medicinal plants and also their large scale cultivation.

It has prioritized 32 medicinal plants for cultivation, conservation, and development.

Ex: Amla, Brahmi, Chandan, Pippali, Sarpagandha, Tulasi, etc.

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Roles:

1) Developing a database having published information on selected medicinal plants -> as a source of information for student, teachers, and researchers as well.

2) Identification and cultivation of medicinal plants.

3) Organizing programs for the growth of trade, export, conservation, and cultivation

4) Undertaking scientific research activities.

5) Guides farmers in procuring quality planting material and their marketing.

6) Takes up the extension activities like training the farmers as well as the students.

7) Popularizes home and school herbal gardens.

8) The board develops protocols for cultivation and quality control.

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CIMAP

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants is a research institute of CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), with its headquarters in Lucknow.

It is involved in the field of science and business of medicinal and aromatic plants.

CIMAP has 4 research centers situated in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pantnagar, and Purara.

Established originally as CIMPO (Central Indian Medicinal Plants Organization) in 1959.

CIMAP has signed scientific collaboration agreement with Malaysia to promote research.

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Roles:

1) Engaged in the extraction of crude drugs and essential oils from the plants and their chemical analysis.

2) Developing new agro-techniques for the cultivation of plants on a larger scale.

3) Houses the national gene bank of medicinal and aromatic plants along with their seed banks.

4) Establishment of Bio-village approaches like Artemisia (U.P) is a model of Public Private Partnership (PPP).

5) Development of improved varieties of Withania, Mentha, Catharanthus are undertaken (Products like geranium oil, artemisin at a cheaper rate).

6) Plant tissue culture technology is being used for plant regeneration invitro.

7) Conducting several training programs and interactive meets to common people and research students.

8) Involved in knowledge dissemination through books and bulletins.

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CDRI

CDRI stands for Central Drug Research Institute

CDRI Lucknow is a multidisciplinary research institute functioning under CSIR

Established in the year 1951. It has 17 research and development (R&D) wings and a few technical and scientific support divisions.

Some of the R&D divisions are:

- Biochemistry

- Botany

- Chemical Medicine

- Endocrinology

- Medicinal Chemistry

- Microbiology

- Parasitology

- Pharmaceutics

- Pharmacology

- Pharmokinetics and Metabolism

- Toxicology

- Fermentation technology

In addition there are 2 data centers and 1 field station to assist in operational support.

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Roles:

1) Development or formation of drugs and their marketing

2) Employs latest techniques and methodologies for preparing the drugs that later help in preventing diseases.

3) Using cellular and molecular studies to understand the disease process and reproductive physiology.

4) Evaluation of medicinal properties of natural products

5) Disseminates the information in the field of drug research, development, and production through publications

6) CDRI offers expertise to the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry, academic institutes, etc.

7) Conducting training programs and interactive meets to the research students.

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Tippateega

Botanical name: Tinospora cordifolia

Vernacular name:

- Telugu – Tippateega

- English – Heartleaf moonseed.

Family: Menispermaceae

Morphology:

- Woody climber with succulent stems

- Leaves are cordate and glabrous (smooth)

- Flowers are unisexual (yellow)

- Fruits are red and globose (drupe)

Useful part: Stem (dried)

Chemical constituents:

- Columbin

- Tinosporaside

- Tinosporic acid

- Berberine

- Giloinin

- Gilonin

Uses:

- Antiallergic

- Antidiabetic

- Antipyretic (prevents or reduces fever)

- Antispasmodic (suppresses sudden involuntary contraction of muscles)

- Anti-inflammatory, anticancer.

- Diuretic (increases frequency of urination)

- Aphrodisiac (arouses sexual desire)

- Stomachic (assisting in digestion)

- Anthelminthic

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Tulasi

Botanical name: Ocimum sanctum

Telugu name: Tulasi

Hindi name: Tulsi

English name: Holy basil

Sanskrit name: Vrinda

Family: Lamiaceae

Morphology: Erect, highly branched, softly pubescent aromatic sub shrub/annual herb.

Leaves range from elliptic to oblong, flowers white to purple, fruits are ellipsoidal nutlets - carcerulus.

Useful parts: The entire plant, especially the essential oil extracted from the leaves.

Chemical constituents: Eugenol (70%), Methyl eugenol (20%), Carvacrol (3%), Caryophylene (1%)

Uses:

- Antibacterial

- Insecticidal

- Diaphoretic (induces perspiration)

- Expectorant (clears lungs from excess mucus)

- Carminative (prevents formation or facilitates expulsion of gas

- Treats Catarrh (excessive discharge of mucus in the nose and throat due to inflammation of the mucous membrane)

- Treats cough, cold, gastric disorders, etc.

- Treats snake bite and scorpion sting.

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Pippallu

Botanical Name: Piper longum

Telugu Name: Pippallu

English name: Long Pepper

Family: Piperaceae

Morphological features:

- A slender aromatic herb, perennial with woody roots.

- Cultivated on large scale through layering.

- Fruits are small and ovoid, borne on fleshy spikes

Useful part: Roots, stem and fruits

Chemical constituents/Active principle:

- Alkaloids : Piperine, Piperlongumine, Piperlonguminine.

- Piperine analogues : Silvatine, Sitosterol.

Uses:

- Used as a preservative in pickles

- Treatment of urinary tract infections

- Treatment of cough, cold, piles, dysentery

- Used as a sedative

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Karaka

Botanical Name: Terminalia chebula

Telugu Name: Karaka

Hindi Name: Harda

English Name: Myrobalan

Family: Combretaceae

Botanical features :

- Medium sized tree

- Leaves: ovate to elliptical, sub opposite

- Flowers: white, in terminal panicle

- Fruits: drupe, ellipsoidal, 5 ribbed when dry

Useful part: Fruits (dried)

Chemical constituents/Active principle:

- Chebulic acid (tannin)

- Galloyl glucose

- Carbohydrates : glucose, sorbitol, sucrose and gentiobiose.

During maturation, tannins decrease

Uses:

- Used to make Triphala, an ayurvedic drug

- Astringent (shrink or constrict body tissues)

- Laxative (induces bowel movements)

- Treatment of chronic ulcers

- Dentrifice: Cleanses and polishes teeth (used as tooth powder)

- Wound healer

-Treatment of eye diseases, cough, and bronchial asthma

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Kalabandha

Botanical name : Aloe vera

Telugu name: Kalabandha

Hindi name: Kumari

English name: Aloe

Family: Liliaceae

Morphology:

- Dwarf succulent plant

- Leaves in rosettes, margin spiny

- Xerophyte

Useful part:

- Juice is extracted from the leaves, concentrated and dried.

- Odor is characteristically unpleasant

- Taste is bitter.

Chemical constituents / Active principle :

- Aloin: Mixture of Aloin A (Barbaloin) and Aloin B (Isobarbaloin).

- Anthroquinone

- Glycocides

- Saponins

Uses:

- Treatment of intestinal worms

- Anti-inflammatory

- Wound healer: burns, insect bites, rashes, acne, sunburn

- Anti-diabetic

- Beauty products and cosmetics

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Turmeric

Botanical name: Curcuma longa

Telugu name: Pasupu

English name: Turmeric

Hindi name: Haldi

Sanskrit name: Haridra

Family: Zingiberaceae

Useful Part: Rhizome

Primary rhizome:

- Oblong and ovate, often called bulbs or round turmeric.

Secondary rhizome:

- Cylindrical long, branching, tapering at both ends. Commonly called fingers.

- Used as raw material, subjected to further processing.

- Has a characteristic pungent odor and bitter taste.

Chemical Constituents: Curcumin provides the distinct yellow color, three analogs have been detected so far: Curcumin I, Curcumin II, Curcumin III.

The volatile oil contains monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes like zingiberene, turmerone, borneol and cineol.

Uses:

- Antiseptic

- Astringent (tightening of soft body tissues)

- Carminative (prevents formation or expulsion of gas)

- Blood purification

- Treatment of Cough, Cold, Skin Diseases, Jaundice, and Menstrual Cramps.

- Spice

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Aswagandha

Botanical name : Withania somnifera

Vernacular name: Ashwagandha

Family: Solanaceae

Morphology:

- Highly branched shrub (1 m)

- Stem – hairy

- Leaves – ovate

- Flowers – green

- Fruits – globose and red, embedded in thin persistent sepals

Geographical distribution:

- India – Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra

- World – Australia, Sri Lanka and Israel

Useful parts: Roots, leaves, fruits and seeds.

Chemical constituents/Active principles:

- Alkaloids and Steroids

- Withanine

- Withanone

- Withaferin-A

- Anaferine

Uses:

- Sedative

- Antispasmodic and antihelminthic

- Poultice to boils and swelling

- Leaves show insect repellant properties

- Leaf extract is an antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus and ranikhet virus

- Fruits are diuretic

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Sarpagandha

Botanical name: Rauwolfia serpentina

Vernacular names: Sarpagandha, Serpentine root

Family: Apocynaceae

Morphology:

- Perennial, erect shrub.

- Leaves – whorled

- Flowers – white or light pink

- Fruits – globose, blue or black

- Roots – alkaline, rarely branched

Geographical distribution:

- Tropical regions

- India: U.P, Bihar, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.

Useful parts: Primary roots and leaves

Chemical constituents/Active principle:

- Reserpine

- Serpentine

- Ajamaline

Uses:

- Hypnotic (sleep inducing)

- Reduces blood pressure

- Increases uterine contractions during parturition (action of giving birth)

- Increases lactation in mothers.

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Nelausiri

▪ Botanical name: Phyllanthus amarus

▪ Vernacular name: Nela usiri

▪ Family: Euphorbiaceae

▪ Morphology:

- Annual erect herb, branchlets slender

- Leaves - elliptical, obovate or oblong, pinnately compound.

- Flowers axillary, solitary in lower axils.

- Fruit - capsule.

- Occurs as a weed. It grows abundantly during rainy season.

Active principle:

- Phyllanthine (bitter)

- Hypophyllanthine

- Niranthine

Uses:

- Cures Jaundice.

- Effective on Hepatitis B virus, it blocks the DNA polymerase (enzyme responsible to synthesize DNA ) of the virus.

- The decoction of the herb is febrifuge (reduces fever), stomachic and diuretic.

- It improves appetite quickly.

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Amla

Botanical name: Phyllanthus emblica

Vernacular name: Amla

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Morphology:

- Small deciduous tree

- Leaves – oblong

- Flowers – unisexual, in axillary fascicles. Male flowers in upper axils, female flowers in lower axils.

- Fruit – drupe, globose, fleshy.

- Seeds - trigonous

Active principle: Phyllemblin and tannins.

Chemical constituents : Vitamin C, Iron and Phosphorous.

Uses:

- Essential ingredient of Chyawanprash (health supplement) and Triphala (treatment for dyspepsia (indigestion) and piles).

- Treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, anemia, and jaundice.

- Diuretic and laxative (prevents constipation)

- Promotes hair growth.

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Brahmi

Botanical name: Bacopa monnieri

Vernacular name: Bramhi

Family: Scrophulariacea

Morphology:

- Annual prostrate herb with ascending succulent branches

- Leaves – sessile, fleshy, obovate, spathulate. When crushed they give a characteristic lemon scent.

- Flowers – solitary, axillary, and white.

Chemical constituents/Active principles: Brahmine, herpestine, Bacosides A and B.

Uses:

- Medhya rasayan – a brain tonic which helps to improve memory and concentration.

- Bacosides A and B enhances body’s anti-oxidant levels.

- Maintains ionic equilibrium

- Treats asthma and epilepsy.

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onlinecoursesguniguru · 1 month ago

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Future Multiplier: Cultivating a Mindset for Tomorrow’s Success

In an ever-evolving world, preparing for tomorrow's success requires a mindset of continuous growth and forward thinking. In Santosh Nair's Future Multiplier course, he presents a powerful blueprint for multiplying your future through the achievement of 12 essential goals. These goals aren't just steps to success—they’re life-changing principles designed to help you thrive in all areas of life. Whether you're an entrepreneur, a leader, or someone striving for personal excellence, these goals provide a roadmap to elevate your future and leave a lasting legacy.

In this blog, we’ll explore these goals and how applying them can set you up for future success.

12 Tips for Multiplying Your Future

Success doesn’t happen by chance—it’s the result of strategic action and dedication. By incorporating these 12 goals, you’ll be equipped with the tools to transform your life, multiply your impact, and secure a future filled with achievement and fulfillment.

1. Immediate Goals (Tatkaal Goals)

Sometimes, success comes from focusing on quick wins. These immediate goals are about taking action on tasks that yield instant results and build momentum for larger, long-term projects. By completing immediate tasks, you set the foundation for future growth.

2. Restoration Goals (Durusti Goals)

To multiply your future, it’s important to first fix what’s broken. Whether it's in business, relationships, or health, restoration goals allow you to regain stability and strength. Identify areas that need attention, mend them, and watch how they become stepping stones to future success.

3. Renovation Goals (Kabiliyat Goals)

In a fast-paced world, staying competitive means constantly upgrading your skills and resources. Renovation goals focus on continuous self-improvement, ensuring that you remain relevant in your field and continue to grow with the changing demands.

4. Benchmark Goals (Spardaatmak Faayda Goals)

The most successful people consistently set and achieve high standards. Establish benchmark goals to stay ahead of the competition. These goals challenge you to exceed the expectations set by others, keeping you on top of your game.

5. Distinct Forte Goals (Khasiyat / Khaas Banana Goals)

What sets you apart from others? Distinct Forte goals encourage you to cultivate a unique strength that distinguishes you in your industry. Focus on developing a skill or capability that makes you stand out and brings you more opportunities.

6. Word-of-Mouth Goals (Khara Sona Goals)

Your reputation is your biggest asset. Word-of-mouth goals help you build a solid reputation by consistently delivering value. Satisfied clients and peers become your strongest advocates, helping to multiply your future through trust and recognition.

7. Looking Good – Inside & Outside Goals (Sundarta Goals)

Confidence and positivity radiate from within, and it’s essential to improve both your inner and outer self. These goals emphasize the importance of cultivating a healthy mindset and appearance that reflects your inner strength and positivity.

8. No. 1 Team Goals (Chak De Team Goals)

You can’t multiply your future without the right team. No. 1 Team goals focus on building and leading a high-performing team that shares your vision and values. With a strong, aligned team, your impact and success will grow exponentially.

9. Love Yourself Goals (Majja Nu Life / Masti Goals)

At the heart of long-term success is the ability to embrace joy and practice self-love. These goals remind you to take time for yourself, enjoy life’s pleasures, and maintain a balanced, fulfilling lifestyle that fosters overall well-being.

10. Big Heart Goals (Bada Dil Wala Goals)

Generosity breeds success. Big Heart goals encourage you to practice empathy and generosity, building lasting relationships and creating goodwill that extends beyond business transactions. When you give freely, you create opportunities for future growth.

11. Self-Maximization Goals (Kis Hadd Tak Ja Sakte Ho Goals)

How far can you go? Self-maximization goals push you to challenge your limits and discover the full extent of your capabilities. Whether in business or personal life, pushing past your comfort zone is the key to unlocking new opportunities.

12. Leaving a Legacy Goal (Avtaar Goals)

True success isn’t measured just by what you achieve during your lifetime—it’s about the legacy you leave behind. Leaving Legacy goals encourages you to create a lasting impact that continues to inspire and benefit others long after you’re gone.

Building Your Future: More Than Just Success

By integrating these 12 Future Multiplier goals into your daily life, you’ll not only achieve short-term wins but also build a strong foundation for long-term success. Each of these principles is designed to elevate you beyond individual accomplishments, transforming your journey into one that multiplies your future.

As Santosh Nair explains, “Success is a result of consistent effort and the right focus. These 12 goals are not just strategies but life principles. When practiced daily, they can turn your dreams into reality.”

With this mindset, you’re not just striving to achieve goals—you’re setting yourself up to create lasting success that extends beyond your lifetime.

Conclusion: Unlock the Future Multiplier Mindset

Santosh Nair’s Future Multiplier course is more than just a guide to personal or business growth. It’s a transformative journey that helps you cultivate a mindset geared toward achieving sustainable success. By focusing on future goals, continuous self-improvement, and building a legacy, you’ll not only multiply your success but also influence those around you in positive ways.

These 12 goals are designed to help you stay competitive, build strong relationships, and, most importantly, create a future that lasts.

Start applying these principles today, and watch as you multiply not just your success but the impact you have on others.

Ready to multiply your future? Dive into Santosh Nair's Future Multiplier course and begin your journey toward lasting success on GuniGuru!

#Goals in life #12 Tips For Future Multiplier #future goals #success in life #Santosh Nair Course #goals for success #Future Multiplier #guniguru

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