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spacelazarwolf · 1 year ago

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in honor of that anon who said jews have done nothing for the world, here’s a non exhaustive list of things we’ve done for the world:

arts, fashion, and lifestyle:

jeans - levi strauss

modern bras - ida rosenthal

sewing machines - isaac merritt singer

modern film industry - carl laemmle (universal pictures), adolph zukor (paramount pictures), william fox (fox film forporation), louis b. mayer (mgm - metro-goldwyn-mayer), harry, sam, albert, and jack warners (warner bros.), steven spielberg, mel brooks, marx brothers

operetta - jacques offenbach

comic books - stan lee

graphic novels - will eisner

teddy bears - morris and rose michtom

influential musicians - irving berlin, stephen sondheim, benny goodman, george gershwin, paul simon, itzhak perlman, leonard bernstein, bob dylan, leonard cohen

artists - mark rothko

actors - elizabeth taylor, jerry lewis, barbara streisand

comedians - lenny bruce, joan rivers, jerry seinfeld

authors - judy blume, tony kushner, allen ginsberg, walter mosley

culture:

esperanto - ludwik lazar zamenhof

feminism - betty friedan, gloria steinem, ruth bader ginsberg

queer and trans rights - larry kramer, harvey milk, leslie feinberg, abby stein, kate bornstein, frank kameny, judith butler

international women's day - clara zetkin

principles of journalizm, statue of liberty, and pulitzer prize - joseph pulitzer

"the new colossus" - emma lazarus

universal declaration of human rights - rene samuel cassin

holocaust remembrance and human rights activism - elie wiesel

workers rights - louis brandeis, rose schneiderman

public health care, women's rights, and children's rights - lillian wald

racial equity - rabbi abraham joshua heschel, julius rosenwald, andrew goodman, michael schwerner

political theory - hannah arendt

disability rights - judith heumann

black lives matter slogan and movement - alicia garza

#metoo movement - jodi kantor

institute of sexology - magnus hirschfeld

technology:

word processing computers - evelyn berezin

facebook - mark zuckerberg

console video game system - ralph henry baer

cell phones - amos edward joel jr., martin cooper

3d - leonard lipton

telephone - philipp reis

fax machines - arthur korn

microphone - emile berliner

gramophone - emile berliner

television - boris rosing

barcodes - norman joseph woodland and bernard silver

secret communication system, which is the foundation of the technology used for wifi - hedy lamarr

three laws of robotics - isaac asimov

cybernetics - norbert wiener

helicopters - emile berliner

BASIC (programming language) - john george kemeny

google - sergey mikhaylovich brin and larry page

VCR - jerome lemelson

fax machine - jerome lemelson

telegraph - samuel finley breese morse

morse code - samuel finley breese morse

bulletproof glass - edouard benedictus

electric motor and electroplating - boris semyonovich jacobi

nuclear powered submarine - hyman george rickover

the internet - paul baran

icq instant messenger - arik vardi, yair goldfinger,, sefi vigiser, amnon amir

color photography - leopold godowsky and leopold mannes

world's first computer - herman goldstine

modern computer architecture - john von neumann

bittorrent - bram cohen

voip internet telephony - alon cohen

data archiving - phil katz, eugene roshal, abraham lempel, jacob ziv

nemeth code - abraham nemeth

holography - dennis gabor

laser - theodor maiman

instant photo sharing online - philippe kahn

first automobile - siegfried samuel marcus

electrical maglev road - boris petrovich weinberg

drip irrigation - simcha blass

ballpoint pen and automatic gearbox - laszlo biro

photo booth - anatol marco josepho

medicine:

pacemakers and defibrillators - louise robinovitch

defibrillators - bernard lown

anti-plague and anti-cholera vaccines - vladimir aronovich khavkin

polio vaccine - jonas salk

test for diagnosis of syphilis - august paul von wasserman

test for typhoid fever - ferdinand widal

penicillin - ernst boris chain

pregnancy test - barnhard zondek

antiretroviral drug to treat aids and fight rejection in organ transplants - gertrude elion

discovery of hepatitis c virus - harvey alter

chemotherapy - paul ehrlich

discovery of prions - stanley prusiner

psychoanalysis - sigmund freud

rubber condoms - julius fromm

birth control pill - gregory goodwin pincus

asorbic acid (vitamin c) - tadeusz reichstein

blood groups and rh blood factor - karl landsteiner

acyclovir (treatment for infections caused by herpes virus) - gertrude elion

vitamins - caismir funk

technique for measuring blood insulin levils - rosalyn sussman yalow

antigen for hepatitus - baruch samuel blumberg

a bone fusion technique - gavriil abramovich ilizarov

homeopathy - christian friedrich samuel hahnemann

aspirin - arthur ernst eichengrun

science:

theory of relativity - albert einstein

theory of the electromagnetic field - james maxwell

quantum mechanics - max born, gustav ludwig hertz

quantum theory of gravity - matvei bronstein

microbiology - ferdinand julius cohn

neuropsychology - alexander romanovich luria

counters for x-rays and gamma rays - robert hofstadter

genetic engineering - paul berg

discovery of the antiproton - emilio gino segre

discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation - arno allan penzias

discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe - adam riess and saul merlmutter

discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity - roger penrose

discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of the milky way - andrea ghez

modern cosmology and the big bang theory - alexander alexandrovich friedmann

stainless steel - hans goldschmidt

gas powered vehicles

interferometer - albert abraham michelson

discovery of the source of energy production in stars - hans albrecht bethe

proved poincare conjecture - grigori yakovlevich perelman

biochemistry - otto fritz meyerhof

electron-positron collider - bruno touschek

#jewish #jumblr #am yisrael fucking chai

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hotvintagepoll · 5 months ago

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definitely in for the Scrungly Little Guys Contest so far:

Dwight Frye

Fred the Basset Hound

Peter Lorre

Jack Lemmon

Margaret Hamilton

Leonard "Chico" Marx

Jack Benny

Anthony Perkins

Raj Kapoor

Eli Wallach

Conrad Veidt

Claude Rains

Una O'Connor

Don Knotts

Harpo Marx

Snitz Edwards

Lon Chaney

Peter Cushing

Patrick Troughton

Edward Everett Horton

Harold Lloyd

Alec Guinness

Cab Calloway

Machiko Kyo

Mary Wickes

Eddie 'Rochester' Anderson

Giulietta Masina

Thelma Ritter

Sammy Davis Jr

Gwen Verdon

Margaret Rutherford

David Tomlinson

Elsa Lanchester

Joe E. Brown

Asta Nielsen

Robert Helpmann

Valeria Creti

Cantinflas

Laurel and Hardy (scrungly unit)

Many others were submitted and may still be included, I just haven't caught up and reviewed their propaganda yet. In the meantime, keep sending your weirdos to this form here!

#scrungly little guys

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newyorkthegoldenage · 1 year ago

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The Marx Brothers left vaudeville and stepped up to the legitimate theater in 1924 with a show called I'll Say She Is. Unlike their subsequent shows such as Animal Crackers and The Cocoanuts, it was never turned into a movie, although one historian has said that "Every Marx Brothers film contains material and situations that can be traced back to I'll Say She Is." Groucho called it "probably the funniest show we ever did."

I'll Say She Is toured for a year and a half before arriving on Broadway in May, 1924. No one expected it to succeed; the Broadway engagement was just a sop to the brothers, who had been threatening to leave the show unless it went to New York.

But the critics loved it. "It is a bright-colored and vehement setting for the goings-on of those talented cutups, the Four Marx Brothers," wrote Alexander Woollcott in the New York Sun, who went on to single out Harpo for special praise.

Maybe it was being on Broadway that led the brothers to bill themselves, in the program, as Herbert, Leonard, Julius H., and Arthur Marx. Not that anyone was fooled.

The show ran for 313 performances, which was excellent for the time. The brothers were lionized by New York society, and Harpo was invited to join the Algonquin Round Table.

Above: Harpo, Groucho, Zeppo, and Chico, with Lotta Miles, in the sketch called "Napoleon's First Waterloo," in which Groucho played Boney. Source: illsaysheis.com

Below: a handbill from the performance of November 17, 1924. Source: NYPL

#vintage New York #1920s #Marx Brothers #I'll Say She Is #Lotta Miles #Alexander Woollcott #Algonquin Round Table #vintage Broadway #Nov. 17 #17 Nov.

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dailyanarchistposts · 26 days ago

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Footnotes, part 1

[1] Barbon, Nicholas, “A Discourse on Trade,” 1690, Section: “Of the Value and Price of Wares.”

[2] Hale, Matthew, “A Discourse Touching Provision for the Poor,” 1683. Chapter 3.

[3] Barbon, Nicholas, “A Discourse on Trade,” 1690, Section: “Of the Use and Benefit of Trade.”

[4] Petty, William, “Political Arithmetick,” 1690, chapter 1.

[5] Petty, William, “Political Arithmetick,” 1690, chapter 1.

[6] Petty, William, “Political Arithmetick,” 1690, chapter 1.

[7] Petty, William, “Political Arithmetick,” 1690, chapter 1.

[8] Hume, David, “Of Commerce,” Date Unknown.

[9] Paine, Thomas, “Agrarian Justice,” Date Unknown.

[10] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” 1767, chapter 4.

[11] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” 1767, chapter 5.

[12] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” 1767, chapter 10.

[13] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” 1767, chapter 10.

[14] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” 1767, chapter 16.

[15] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” 1767, chapter 19.

[16] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” 1767, chapter 20.

[17] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” 1767, chapter 3.

[18] Malthus, Thomas, “The Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of Restricting the Importation of Foreign Corn,” 1815.

[19] Malthus, Thomas, “The Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of Restricting the Importation of Foreign Corn,” 1815.

[20] Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Leonard Simonde de, “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 2

[21] Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Leonard Simonde de, “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 3

[22] Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Leonard Simonde de, “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 7

[23] Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Leonard Simonde de, “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 7

[24] Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Leonard Simonde de, “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 2

[25] Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Leonard Simonde de, “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 4

[26] Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Leonard Simonde de, “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 4

[27] Hodgskin, Thomas, “Labour Defended against the Claims of Capital,” 1825.

[28] Hodgskin, Thomas, “Labour Defended against the Claims of Capital,” 1825.

[29] Hodgskin, Thomas, “Labour Defended against the Claims of Capital,” 1825.

[30] Hodgskin, Thomas, “Labour Defended against the Claims of Capital,” 1825.

[31] Senior, Nassau, “Three Lectures on the Rate of Wages,” 1830, lecture 3.

[32] Senior, Nassau, “Three Lectures on the Rate of Wages,” 1830, lecture 3.

[33] Marx, Karl, “Wage Labour and Capital,” 1847, chapter 5.

[34] Marx, Karl, “Manifesto of the Communist Party,” 1848, section: Bourgeois and Proletarians.

[35] Engels, Friedrich, “The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man,” May-June 1876.

[36] Veblen, Thorstein, “The Instinct of Workmanship and the Irksomeness of Labor,” American Journal of Sociology, volume 4 (1898–99).

[37] McDowell, John, “The Life of a Coal Miner,” 1902.

[38] Lloyd, Henry Demarest, “Lords of Industry,” 1910, chapter 9.

[39] Giblin, L.F., “Australia, 1930,” 1930.

[40] Food mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 311.

[41] Beverage & tobacco product mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 312.

[42] Textile mills. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 313.

[43] Textile product mills. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 314.

[44] Apparel mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 315.

[45] Leather & allied product mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 316.

[46] Wood product mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 321.

[47] Paper mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 322.

[48] Printing & related support activities. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 323.

[49] Petroleum & coal products mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 324.

[50] Chemical mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 325.

[51] Plastics & rubber products mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 326.

[52] Nonmetallic mineral product mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 327.

[53] Primary metal mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 331.

[54] Fabricated metal product mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 332.

[55] Machinery mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 333.

[56] Computer & electronic product mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 334.

[57] Electrical equip, appliance & component mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 335.

[58] Transportation equipment mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 336.

[59] Furniture & related product mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 337.

[60] Miscellaneous mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 339.

[61] Based on the information of all major manufacturing industries. Food mfg (NAICS 311), Beverage & tobacco product mfg (NAICS 312), Textile mills (NAICS 313), Textile product mills (NAICS 314), Apparel mfg (NAICS 315), Leather & allied product mfg (NAICS 316), Wood product mfg (NAICS 321), Paper mfg (NAICS 322), Printing & related support activities (NAICS 323), Petroleum & coal products mfg (NAICS 324), Chemical mfg (NAICS 325), Plastics & rubber products mfg (NAICS 326), Nonmetallic mineral product mfg (NAICS 327), Primary metal mfg (NAICS 331), Fabricated metal product mfg (NAICS 332), Machinery mfg (NAICS 333), Computer & electronic product mfg (NAICS 334), Electrical equip, appliance & component mfg (NAICS 335), Transportation equipment mfg (NAICS 336), Furniture & related product mfg (NAICS 337), Miscellaneous mfg (NAICS 339). U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration.

[62] Computer & electronic product mfg. U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census; International Trade Administration. NAICS 334.

[63] Gervaise, Isaac, “The System or Theory of the Trade of the World,” 1720. London, Printed by H. Woodfall; and Sold by J. Roberts, near the Oxford-Arms in Warwick-Lane, MDCCXX, (Price Sixpence). Section: Of Gold and Silver, or Real Denominator.

[64] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, chapter 1.

[65] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, chapter 4.

[66] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, chapter 11.

[67] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, chapter 18.

[68] Simonde de Sismondi, J. C. L., “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 2.

[69] Leslie, T. E. Cliffe, “The Love of Money,” published in November, 1862, in a periodical which has ceased to exist.

[70] Jevons, William Stanley, “Brief Account of a General Mathematical Theory of Political Economy,” published by The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, London, XXIX (June 1866), pp. 282–87. Section F of the British Association, 1862.

[71] Chicago Daily Tribune, “Protest of Labor: Mass Meeting Held to Denounce the Sweat Shops,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 19 February 1893, pages 1–2.

[72] Stevenson, Robert Alston, “The Poor in Summer,” Scribner’s Magazine, XXX, (September 1901): 259–277.

[73] Schumpeter, Joseph, “On the Concept of Social Value,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, volume 23, 1908–9. Pp. 213–232. Section I.

[74] Lloyd, Henry Demarest, “Lords of Industry,” 1910, chapter 2.

[75] Knight, Frank H., “Ethics and the Economic Interpretation,” originally published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics 36 (May 1922): 454–81; reprinted in The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1935), 19–40.

[76] Knight, Frank H., “Ethics and the Economic Interpretation,” originally published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics 36 (May 1922): 454–81; reprinted in The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1935), 19–40.

[77] Knight, Frank H., “Ethics and the Economic Interpretation,” originally published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics 36 (May 1922): 454–81; reprinted in The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1935), 19–40.

[78] North, Dudley, “Discourses Upon Trade; Principally Directed to the Cases of the Interest, Coynage, Clipping, Increase of Money,” London: Printed for Tho. Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, 1691. Section: A Discourse Concerning Abatement of Interest, part III.

[79] North, Dudley, “Discourses Upon Trade; Principally Directed to the Cases of the Interest, Coynage, Clipping, Increase of Money,” London: Printed for Tho. Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, 1691. Section: A Discourse of Coyned Money.

[80] Beccaria Bonesaria, Marqui Caesar, “A Discourse on Public Economy and Commerce,” Date Unknown.

[81] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, preface.

[82] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, chapter 7.

[83] Simonde de Sismondi, J. C. L., “Political Economy,” 1815, chapter 2.

[84] Jevons, William Stanley, “Brief Account of a General Mathematical Theory of Political Economy,” published by The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, London, XXIX (June 1866), pp. 282–87. Section F of the British Association, 1862.

[85] Jevons, William Stanley, “Brief Account of a General Mathematical Theory of Political Economy,” published by The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, London, XXIX (June 1866), pp. 282–87. Section F of the British Association, 1862.

[86] Morgan, T. J., “Report by Mrs. T. J. Morgan,” Report of the Committee on Manufactures on the Sweating System (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1893), page 92.

[87] Veblen, Thorstein, “The Instinct of Workmanship and the Irksomeness of Labor,” American Journal of Sociology, volume 4 (1898–99).

[88] Veblen, Thorstein, “The Instinct of Workmanship and the Irksomeness of Labor,” American Journal of Sociology, volume 4 (1898–99).

[89] Veblen, Thorstein, “The Instinct of Workmanship and the Irksomeness of Labor,” American Journal of Sociology, volume 4 (1898–99).

[90] Schumpeter, Joseph, “On the Concept of Social Value,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, volume 23, 1908–9. Pp. 213–232, section I.

[91] Knight, Frank H., “Ethics and the Economic Interpretation,” originally published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics 36 (May 1922): 454–81; reprinted in The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1935), 19–40.

[92] Smith, Adam, “Wealth of Nations,” book 1, chapter 2.

[93] North, Dudley, “Discourses Upon Trade; Principally Directed to the Cases of the Interest, Coynage, Clipping, Increase of Money,” London: Printed for Tho. Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, 1691. Section: A Discourse Concerning Abatement of Interest, part III.

[94] North, Dudley, “Discourses Upon Trade; Principally Directed to the Cases of the Interest, Coynage, Clipping, Increase of Money,” London: Printed for Tho. Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, 1691. Section: A Discourse Concerning Abatement of Interest, part III.

[95] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, chapter 12.

[96] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, chapter 20.

[97] Steuart, James, “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy,” London: Printed for A. Millar, and T. Cadell, in the Strand., 1767. Book 1, chapter 10.

[98] Marx, Karl, “Wage Labour and Capital,” delivered December 1847, published in an 1891 pamphlet that was edited and translated by Frederick Engels, first published (in German) in Neue Rheinische Zeitung, April 5–8 and 11, 1849. Chapter 3.

[99] Kelley, Florence, “The Sweating System of Chicago,” Bureau of Statistics of Labor of Illinois [Florence Kelley], part II in Seventh Biennial Report 1892 (Springfield, Ill.: H.K. Rokker, 1893), pp. 378–379, 396.

[100] Gould, E. R. L., “The Housing Problem in Great Cities,” Quarterly Review of Economics 14 (1899–1900), 378–393.

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filapi · 3 months ago

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youtube

Leonard Cohen - Happens to the Heart (Official Video)

Her zaman istikrarlı bir şekilde çalışıyordum Ama buna asla sanat demedim İşlerimi yoluna koydum İsa ile tanışmak ve Marx okumak Küçük ateşimi söndürmek Ama parlak, ölmekte olan kıvılcım Git ve genç mesih'e söyle Kalbe ne olur Yaz öpücüklerinin sisi var Çift park etmeye çalıştığım yer Rekabet vahşiydi Kadınlar sorumluydu Hiçbir şey değildi, bir işti Ama çirkin bir iz bıraktı Tekrar ziyaret etmek için buraya geldim Kalbe ne olur Kutsal biblolar satıyordum Biraz şık giyiniyordum Mutfakta bir amım vardı Ve avluda bir panter Yeteneklilerin hapishanesinde Gardiyanlarla arkadaştım Bu yüzden asla tanık olmak zorunda kalmadım Kalbe ne olur Bunu önceden görmeliydim Sonuçta tabloyu biliyordum Sadece ona bakmak bile sorundu Başından beri sorundu Elbette muhteşem bir çifti oynuyorduk Ama rolü hiç sevmedim Güzel değil, incelikli değil Kalbe ne olur Şimdi meleğin bir kemanı var Şeytanın bir arpı var Her ruh bir balık gibidir Her zihin bir köpekbalığı gibidir Her pencereyi kırdım Ama ev, ev karanlık Umursuyorum ama çok az Kalbe ne olur Sonra bu dilenciyle çalıştım Kirliydi, yaralıydı Birçok kadının pençeleriyle Umursamamayı başaramamıştı Burada masal yok, ders yok Şarkı söyleyen çayır kuşu yok Sadece tahmin eden pis bir dilenci Kalbe ne olur Her zaman istikrarlı bir şekilde çalışıyordum Ama buna asla sanat demedim Bu sadece eski bir gelenekti Arabanın önündeki at gibi Bahis oynamakta hiç zorlanmadım Sel üzerine, gemiye karşı Görüyorsun, sonu biliyordum Kalbe ne olur Tüfekle ustaydım Babamın .303'ü Son bir şey için savaştım Katılma hakkı değil..

#youtube

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denimbex1986 · 1 year ago

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I recall watching the 1978 TV miniseries Holocaust when it premiered and having a reaction similar to, as I learned, a number of journalists. The series, about the murder (in the context of the Nazi rampage), of a German-Jewish family named Weis, has a crudity that made some dismiss the series out of hand, although it became useful as a teaching tool, introducing those who won’t read to the major events and places of the Nazi genocide. One issue, however, is the Hollywood-handsome cast, and how few of Holocaust’s actors were in any way recognizable as Jewish citizens of Western Europe. We don’t want caricature (such as with Bradley Cooper’s [another non-Jew] absurd, outsize prosthetic nose for his role as Leonard Bernstein in the forthcoming Maestro), but we see here an old problem, namely the Hollywood refusal, for the most part, to deal in ethnicity not Anglo-Saxon. We therefore have name-changing, hair-straightening, and make-up that will make actors conform to preferred white models. Holocaust might be the problem writ fairly large in its day; the more contemporary model might be the summer 2023 hit, Christopher Nolan’s blockbuster Oppenheimer. This film, paired with a far larger 2023 hit, Barbie (which gives acceptable politics to the doll once condemned by feminism), together formed a calculated phenomenon called “Barbenheimer,” together making well over a billion dollars and keeping theaters open a trifle longer, fading as they are in the wake of “streaming” and other asocial media consumption.

The story of the “father of the atom bomb,” Oppenheimer presents a crucially important tale about a Jewish intellectual who stands in a pantheon, reminding us of the Jewish mind’s centrality to the advancement of human consciousness, and essential resistance (there are important exceptions that tend to prove the rule) to reactionary forces in the human narrative. There are people whose contributions to the human intellect are extraordinary. They include Spinoza, Marx, Freud, Einstein, Kafka – I’ll add Bob Dylan, our Nobel (I say “our” to represent both Jews and the generation of the 1960s, the true “greatest generation,” if we must have one, for its inquiry), and J. Robert Oppenheimer, who transformed our notion of Being. In the film, J. Robert Oppenheimer is played by Cillian Murphy, an Irish actor popular for his role in the “streaming” TV series Peaky Blinders. Oppenheimer did such impressive business that Murphy is already a strong candidate at the next Oscar ceremony. But in no way can I say he conveys anything like the essence, and not the details, of the scientist-poet who made the hellish “gadget” (as it was nicknamed during its development).

I have thought of Oppenheimer as the “scientific Kafka.” There is some physical resemblance; both, as young men (Kafka did not have a long life) had shocks of dark hair, Oppenheimer’s worn to the right. They had pointed features, and above all notable gazes. Kafka’s eyes were penetrating, looking into the horrors of the century which at times seems his alone. Oppenheimer’s eyes, and countenance, were poignantly sad. Both men understood persecution, at personal and intellectual levels, Kafka the great master of persecution narrative in The Trial and other works, many destroyed, Oppenheimer, tormented in school, locked in a freezer by bullies. He tended to bring on the torment, since for all his intellect he could not understands the culture of the bully, as child or adult, unwisely showing off his intellect.

Toward the end of his life, the Oppenheimer sadness seems overwhelming, not only because of the loss of government clearance (for a man who permitted the U.S. government to exist by allowing its “victory”), but because of the truth he witnessed. He is known for, among other quotes, the apocalyptic line from the Bhagavad-Gita, said by Vishnu to the Prince: “I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.” This, in the context of a late interview, was filmed in tight close-up, as Oppenheimer wiped an eye, holding his pipe. He is an old and stricken man, still not really advanced in age. In the Nolan film, we get the line, in one form or other, several times, once when he is in the middle of sex. Sex, as an affirmation of life over death, isn’t inappropriate, but here it is simply adolescent, lacking in instruction. This, with other moments, loses Oppenheimer.

As a Jew, Oppenheimer is lost many times. He was well aware of Hitler’s plans for the Jews of Europe simply by watching the lunatic and taking the daily press seriously, also knowing that what his research would unleash would destroy Europe. But he was too late, faced with the prospect of “winning the war” by wiping out Japan. Anti-Semitism would be addressed only in the affirmative, with Oppenheimer the archetypal propitiatory victim.

This topic needs attention. To me, the book by far the most useful on the dropping of the atomic bomb is Gar Alperovitz’s The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb (1995). This meticulous book dispenses once and for all with notions that the bomb was the only way to bring the “Japs” to heel, and that the bomb was the only way to “win” the war in the Pacific, which would have been at the cost, so the story goes, of millions of lives had the bomb not been used. Japan, by late 1944, was surrounded, facing the prospect of a Russian invasion, out of food and other provisions. The emperor might well have demanded fealty to the bitter end, but this would assume he was of the same cynical pragmatism as the American brass, the same savage immorality as Harry S. Truman, our “common sense” president, whose down-home wisdom is revealed in Merle Miller’s interview book Plain Speaking (1973). The same plain-spoken man informs us of his lack of conscience, so when he made the decision for genocide, he didn’t mull over it, he wasn’t a “crybaby” (as he accused Oppenheimer of being). He was the man from Missouri, the “show me” state, the state that opted for slavery, bringing about the Missouri Compromise on slavery in 1820, thus assuring the ultimate cataclysm. Truman needs much examination indeed. An entertaining start is the 1982 satirical documentary The Atomic Café, which shows Truman on camera announcing the bomb, preceding his remarks with a little smirk to the newsmen, then, putting on his serious face, implores god to make sure the bomb is used for “His purposes.” A priest appears, as if to bolster Truman, suggesting that people take “protective devices” with them into the home fallout shelter once the H-bomb became a reality. Truman was the common-sense guy who got behind the National Security Act of 1947, creating the alphabet soup of intelligence organizations including the CIA. He argued for “Soviet containment,” but the U.S. was equally contained, as Truman prepared the country for McCarthyism. For a time, especially during the Reagan era, Truman Democrats stood out in the halls of state, as people who had no truck with liberalism and the Sixties rabble. Oppenheimer had reason to cry.

The men who opted to blow up two fragile cities filled with women, children, and the elderly, were nothing but monsters. But was Oppenheimer among them? Of course he was. This Universal Man, who thought that ultimate questions could be answered more by the humanities than the sciences, was a cheerleader. In the Nolan film, Murphy/Oppenheimer addresses his scientists at Los Alamos post-bomb. At one point, a shaken “Oppie”, as he was known, envisions his audience, the skin melting from their bodies. This is the moment of Oppie’s empathy, so it seems. But what about the Japanese children with melting skin hanging from their bodies like so much dripping chocolate? Is the newsreel footage of the Hiroshima/Nagasaki catastrophe simply passe? Or is it in bad taste, judged so by the man who made three Batman films?

The destruction produced by Oppenheimer would have a place in the science-fiction cinema, where giant bugs and lizards would be used as inadequate metaphor, since Oppenheimer showed us that in an instant the human race could become a myth. Edward Teller, the Joker/Lex Luthor/Dr. Strangelove of the tale, drove the point home a thousand times over with his H-bomb. Here, Oppie becomes the most inert, impotent Superman, shriveled from being out of the sunlight too long, bathing instead in the poison of the bomb.

It has been reported that after the success of the bomb, Oppie was known to stride about Los Alamos in a manner reminiscent of Gary Cooper in High Noon. This makes sense. He wanted, for a long time, to replace the sissy with the superman, the boyish Jew with the macho man. General Leslie Groves, in charge of the project, let Oppie wear the slouch hat, the bomber jacket (or the sport coat), even an Army uniform (he was reminded that this was too much), and place the project in New Mexico, where he could ride horses and survey the land like a real cowboy.

I couldn’t help in watching this film but be reminded of the TV series Breaking Bad, about which I’ve written. The show is about a family man, a scientist (he knows much, but his peculiar sense of self consigns him to high school instruction) also in New Mexico, who stops being a teacher, deciding instead to manufacture an addictive drop, a perfected one, in massive quantity, as he goes about bolstering his reckless ego and annihilating domestic life. Is Walter White a symbol of American masculinity equal to Robert Oppenheimer? Certainly not. White would not go crying to Harry Truman. Oppenheimer retained the ability to cry, even on the cusp of the TV western’s hegemony, which White would have enjoined. And White could care less about recommending to Einstein that T.S. Eliot be brought to the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, to meld the humanities to advanced physics (F.R. Leavis might have brought up his tirade against C.P. Snow and the “two cultures,” but I think Oppenheimer would have had Leavis’s favored answer – we have only one culture).

The complexity of the Oppenheimer personality is lost in this movie, which becomes grindingly tedious, especially in its last hour. We are faced with endless shots/countershots of Oppie vs. bureaucrats out to nail him for not getting with the program, and being sympathetic to “commies.” This story is well-known. We need its drama, and the factors causing Oppie’s promotion by the press after the bomb (the basics, are, again, well-known), and his utter dismissal as a sacrificial lamb at the start of the Cold War. We are deprived of the factors transforming him into the destroyer of worlds, as well as those making him into the pathetic cowboy, and the smart aleck who could not mount a sensible defense in the face of imbeciles without being a stupid, juvenile comedian. He seemed to understand that Shakespeare, Donne, T.S. Eliot, and the French Symbolists, might save us, not theoretical physics. Or perhaps these coupled together. We’ll never know.

There is a compelling documentary of some thirty years ago entitled The Day After Trinity. There isn’t a lot of revelatory data, but it doesn’t engage in posturing, as is the case with Oppenheimer. Trinity gives us some privileged moments of Oppenheimer, as much an enigma as the artists and scientists he admired. Could he, had he not crumbled, informed us why we exist? He seemed to toy with the preposterous but central question; it’s entertaining to speculate, but perhaps a waste of time, especially as the humanities are dismissed.'

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technicolor-times · 2 months ago

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Leonard “Chico” Marx and his brother Julius “Groucho” Marx in the hilarious scene from

“A day at the races” 1937

#old hollywood #marx brothers #groucho marx #harpo marx #chico marx #1930s #film #film history

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citizenscreen · 2 months ago

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Remembering Leonard "Chico" Marx who died at the age of 74 on October 11, 1961.

#chico marx #the marx brothers #classic hollywood

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driftwork · 2 years ago

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names, mostly surnames (1)

let me apologise for this partial list of names in the library, titles available on request...

, Adorno, horkheimer, anderson, aristotle, greta adorno, marcuse, agamben, acampora and acampora, althussar, lajac kovacic, eric alliez, marc auge, attali, francis bacon (16th c), aries, aries and bejin, alain badiou, beckett, hallward, barnes, bachelard, bahktin, volshinov, baudrillard, barthes, john beattie, medvedev, henri bergson, Jacques Bidet, berkman, zybmunt bauman, burgin, baugh, sam butler, ulrich beck, andrew benjamin and peter osbourne, walter benjamin, ernest bloch, blanchot, bruzins, bonnet, karin bojs, bourdieu, j.d. bernal, goldsmith, benveniste, braidotti, brecht, burch, victor serge, andre breton, judith butler, malcolm bull, stanley cohen, john berger, etienne balibar, david bohm, gans blumenberg, martin buber, christopher caudwell, micel callon, albert camus, agnes callard, castoridis, claudio celis bueno, carchedi and roberts, Marisol de la cadena, mario blaser, nancy cartwright, manual castells, mark currie, collingwood, canguilhem, mario corti, stuart hall, andrew lowe, paul willis, coyne, stefan collini, varbara cassin, helene cixous, coward and ellis, clastres, carr, cioren, irving copi, cassirer, carter and willians, margeret cohen, Francoise dastur, guy debord, agnes martin, michele bernstein, alice, lorraine dastun, debaise, Gilles Deleuze, deleuze and gattari, guattari, parnet, iain mackenzie, bignall, stivale, holland, smith, james williams, zourabichvili, paul patton, kerslake, schuster, bogue, bryant, anne sauvagnargues, hanjo berresen, frida beckman, johnson, gulliarme and hughes, valentine moulard-leonard, desai, dosse, duttman, d’amico, benoit peters, derrida, hinca zarifopol-johnston, sean gaston, discourse, mark poster, foucault, steve fuller, markus gabrial, rosenbergm milchamn, colin jones, van fraasen, fekete, vilem flusser, flahault, heri focillon, rudi visker, ernst fischer, fink, faye, fuller, fiho, marco bollo, hans magnus enxensberger, leen de bolle, canetti, ilya enrenberg, thuan, sebastion peake, mervyn peake, robert henderson, reimann, roth, bae suah, yabouza, marco bellatin, cartarescu, nick harkaway, chris norris, deLanda, regis debray, pattern and doniger, soame jynens, bernard williams, descartes, anne dufourmanteille, michelle le doeuff, de certaeu , deligny, Georges Dumezil, dumenil and levy, bernard edelman, victorverlich, berio, arendt, amy allen, de beauvior,hiroka azumi, bedau and humphreys, beuad, georges bataille, caspar henderson, chris innes, yevgeny zamyatin, louis aragon, italo calvino, pierre guirard, trustan garcia, rene girard, paul gilroy, michal gardner, andre gorz, jurgan gabermas, martin gagglund, beatrice hannssen, jean hyppolyte, axel honneth, zizek and crickett, stephen heath, calentin groebner, j.b.s. haldane, ian hacking, david hakken, hallward and oekken, haug, harman, latour, arnold hauser, hegel, pippin, pinksrd, michel henry, louis hjelmslev, gilbert hardin, alice jardine, karl jaspers, suzzane kirkbright, david hume, thomas hobbes, barry hindus, paul hirst, hindess and hirst, wrrner hamacher, bertrand gille, julien huxley, halavais, irigaray, ted honderich, julia kristeva, leibnitz, d lecourt, lazzaroto, kluge and negt, alexander kluge, sarah kofman, alexandre kojeve, kolozoya, keynes, richard kangston, ben lehman, kant, francous jullien, fred hameson, sntonio rabucchi, jaeggi, steve lanierjones, tim jackson, jakobson, joeseph needham, arne de boever, marx and engels, karl marx, frederick engels, heinrich, McLellen , maturana and varuna, lem, lordon, jean jacques-lecercle, malabou, marazzi, heiner muller, mary midgley, armand matterlart, ariel dorfman, matakovsky, nacneice, lucid, victor margolis, narco lippi, glen mazis, nair, william morris, nabis, jean luc nancy, geoffrey nash, antonio negri, negri and hardt, hardt, keith ansell pearson, pettman, william ruddiman, rheinberger, andre orlean, v.i. vernadsky, rodchenko, john willet, tarkovsky, william empson, michel serres, virillio, semiotexte, helmut heiseenbuttel, plessner, pechaux, raunig, retort, saito, serres, dolphin, maria assad, spinoza, bernard sharratt, isabelle stengers, viktor shklovsky, t. todorov, enzo traverso, mario tronti, todes, ivan pavlov, whitehead, frank trentmann, trubetzkoy, rodowink, widderman, karl wittfogel, peter handke, olivier rolin, pavese, robert walser, petr kral, von arnim, sir john mennis, ladies cabinet, samuel johnson, edmund spenser, efy poppy, yoko ogawa, machado, kaurence durrell, brigid brophy, a. betram chandler, maria gabriella llansol, fowler, ransmayr, novick, llewellyn, brennan, sean carroll, julien rios, pintor, wraxall, jaccottet, tabucchi, iain banks, glasstone, clarice lispector, murakami, ludmilla petrushevskaya, motoya, bachmann, lindqvist, uwe johnson, einear macbride, szentkuthy, vladislavic, nanguel, mathias enard, chris tomas, jonathan meades, armo schmidt, charles yu, micheal sorkin, vilas- matas, varesi, peter weiss, stephenson, paul legrande, virginie despentes, pessoa, brin, furst, gunter trass, umberto eco, reid, paul,klee, mario levero, hearn, judith schalansky, moorhead, margert walters, rodchenko and popova, david king, alisdair gray, burroughs, ben fine, paul hirst, hindess, kapuscinski, tchaikovsky, brooke-rose, david hoon kim, helms, mahfouz, ardret, felipe fernandez-armesto, young and tagomon, aronson, bonneuil and fressoz, h.s. bennett, amy allen, bruckner brown, honegger, bernhard, warren miller, albert thelen, margoy bennett, rose macauley, nenjamin peret, sax rohmer, angeliki, bostrom, phillip ball, the invisible commitee, bataille and leiris, gregory bateson, michelle barrett and mary mcintosh, bardini, bugin, mcdonald, kaplan, buck-moores, chesterman and lipman, berman, cicero, chanan, chatelet, helene cixous, iain cha,bers, smirgel, norman clark, caird, camus, clayre, chomsky, critchley, curry, swingewood, luigi luca cavelli-sforza, clark, esposito, doerner, de duve, alexander dovzhenko, donzelot, dennet, doyle, burkheim, de camp, darwin, dawkins, didi-huberman, dundar, george dyson, berard deleuze, evo, barbara ehrenrich, edwards, e isenstein, ebeking, economy and society, esposito, frederick gross, david edgeerton, douglas, paul,feyerband, jerry fodor, gorrdiener, tom forester, korsgaard, fink, floridi, elizabeth groscz, pierre francastel, jane jacobs, francois laplantinee, gould, galloway, goux, godel, grouys, genette, gil, kahloo, giddens, martin gardner, gilbert and dubar, hobbes, herve, golinski, grotowski, glieck, hayles, heidegger, huxley, eric hobsbawn, jean-louis hippolyte, phillip hoare, tim jordan, david harvey, hawking, hoggart, rosemary jackson, myerson, mary jacobus, fox keller, illich, sarah fofman, sylvia harvey, john holloway, han, jaspers, yuk hui, pierre hadot, carl gardner, william james, bell hooks, edmond jabes, kierkegaard, alexander keen, kropotkin, tracy kidder, mithen, kothari and mehta, lind, c. joad, bart kosko, kathy myers, kaplan, luce irigaraay, patrick ke iller, kittler, catherine belsey, kmar, klossowski, holmes, kant, stanton, ernesto laclau, jenkins, la mouffe, walter john williams, adam greenfield, susan greenfield, paul auster, viet nguyen, jeremy nicholson, andy weir, fred jameson, lacoue-labarthe, bede, jane gallop, lacan, wilden, willy ley, henri lefebvre, rob sheilds, sandra laugier, micheal lowy, barry levinson, sylvain lazurus, lousardo, leopardo, jean-francois lyotard, jones, lewontin, steve levy, alice in genderland, laing, lanier, lakatos, laurelle, luxemburg, lukacs, jarsh, james lovelock, ideologu and consciousness, economy and society, screen, deleuze studies, deleuze and guattari studies, bruno latour, david lapoujade, stephen law, primo levi, levi-strauss, emmanuel levinas, viktor schonberger, pierre levy, gustav landaur, robin le poidevin, les levidow, lautman, david cooper, serge leclaire, catherine malabou, karl kautsky, alice meynall, j.s. mill, montainge, elaine miller, rosa levine-meyer, jean luc marion, henri lefebrve, lipovetsky, terry lovell, niklas luhmann, richard may, machiavelli, richard mabey, john mullzrkey, meyerhold, edward braun, magri, murray, nathanial lichfield, noelle mcafee, hans meyer, ouspensky, lucretius, asa briggs, william morris, christian metz, laura mulvey, len masterman, karl mannheim, louis marin, alaister reynolds, antonio munoz molina, FRAZER, arno schmidt, dinae waldman, mark rothko, cornwall, micheal snow, sophie henaff, scarlett thomas, matuszewski, lillya brik, rosamond lehman , morris and o’conner, nina bawden, cora sandel, delafield, storm jameson, lovi , rachel ferguson, stevie smith, pat barker, miles franklin, fay weldon, crista wolff, grace paley, v. woolf, naomi mitchinson, sheila rowbotham, e, somerville and v ross, sander marai, jose saramago, strugatsky, jean echenoz, mark robso, vladimir Vernadsky, chris marker, Kim Stanley Robinson, mario leverdo, r.a. lafferty, martin bax, mcaulay, tatyana tolstaya, colinn kapp, jonathan meades, franco fortini, sam delany, philip e high, h.g. adler, feng menglong, adam thorpe, peeter nadas, sam butler, narnold silver, deren, joanna moorhead, leonara carrington, de waal, hartt, botticelli, charbonneau, casco pratolini, murakami, aldiss, guidomorselli, ludmilla petrushevskaya, ,schulz, de andrade, yasushi. inoue, renoir, amelie nothomb, ken liu, prynne, ANTIONE VOLODINE, luc brasso, angela greene, dorothea tanning, eric chevillard, margot bennett w.e. johns, conan doyle, samuel johnson, herge, coutine-denamy, sterling, roubaud, sloan, meiville, delarivier manley, andre norton, perec, edward upward, tom mcCarthy, magrinya, stross, eco, godden, malcolm lowry, derekmiller, ismail kadare, scott lynch, chris fowler, perter newman, suzzana clarke, paretky, juliscz balicki, stanislaw maykowski, rajaniemi, william morris, c.k. crow, ueys, oldenburg, mssrc chwmot, will pryce, munroe, brnabas and kindersley, tromans, lem, zelazny, mitchinson, harry Harrison, konstantin tsiolkovsky, flammerion, harrison, arthur c clarke, carpenter, john brunner, anhony powell, ted white, sheckley, kristof, kempowski, shingo, angelica groodischer, rolin, galeanom dobin, richard holloway, pohl and kornbulth, e.r. eddison, ken macleodm aldiss, dave hutchinson, alfred bester, budrys, pynchon, kurkov, wisniewski_snerg, , kenji miyazawa, dante, laidlaw, paek nam_nyong, maspero, colohouquon, hernandez, christina hesselholdt, claude simon, bulgaakov, simak, verissimo, sorokin, sarraute, prevert, celan, bachmann, mervin peake, olaf stapledon, sa rohmer, robert musil, le clezio, jeremy cooper, zambra, giorgio de chirico, mjax frisch, gawron, daumal, tomzza, canetti, framcois maspero, de quincy, defoe, green,, greene, marani, bellatin, khury, tapinar,, richmal crompton, durrenmat, fritz, quintane, volponi, nanni balestrini, herrera, robert walser, duras, peter stamm, m foster, lan wright, their theotokism agustn de rojas, paul eluard, sturgeon, hiromi kawakomi, sayaka murata, wolfgang hilbig, hmilton, z zivkovic, gersson, mallo, bird, chaudrey, Toussaint, Can Xue, Lewis Mumford, neitzsche, popper, zizek, scott westerfield, rousseau, lewis munford, tod may, penelope maddy, elaine marks, isabelle courtivron, leroi, massumi, david sterritt, godard, millican and clark, macabe, negri, mauss, maiimon, patrica maccormack, moretti, courtney humphries, monad, moyn, malina, picasso, goldman, dambisa moyo, merleau-ponty, Nicholson, knobe and nichols, poinciore, morris, ovid, ming, nail, thomas more, richard mabey, macfarlane, piscator, louis-stempal, negrastini, moore, jacquline rose, rose and rose, ryle, roszick, rosenburg, ravisson, paul ricoer, rossler, chantl mouffe, david reiff, plato, slater, rowlands, rosa, john roberts, rhan, dubios and rousseau, ronell, jacques ranciere, mallarme, quinodoz, peterpelbert, mary poovey, mackenzie, andrew price, opopper, roger penrose, lu cino parisi, gavin rae, parker and pollack, mirowoski, perniola, postman, panofsky, propp, paschke and rodel, andre pickering, massabuau, lars svenddsen, rosenberg and whyte, t.l.s. 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maimonides, van vogt, the clouds on unknowing, enclotic, thesis 11, spivack, kate raworth, h.w. richardson, hillial schwartz, stern, rebecca solnit, rowland parker, pickering, lukacs, epicriud, epicetus, lucrtious, aurelies, w.j.oates, thor Hanson, thompson, mabey, sheldrake, eatherley, plato, jeffries, dorothy richardson, arno schmidt, earl derr biggersm mary borden, birrel, arno schmidt, o.a. henty, berhard steigler, victor serge, smith, joyce salisbury, pauer-studer, timpanaro, s helling, schlor, norman and welchman, searle, emanuele severarimo, tomasello, sklar, judith singer, walmisley, thomas malthus, quentin meilassoux, alberto meelucchi, mingione, rurnbull, said, spufford and uglow, zone, j.j.c. smartt, sandel, skater, songe-moller, strawson, strawson, strawson, raymond tallis, toscano, turkle, tiqquin, diggins, j.s. ogilivy, w.w. hutchings, rackgam, deiter roth, dowell, red notes, campbell and pryce,osip brik, lilya brik, mayakovsky, zone, alvin toffker, st exupery, freya 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SOCIALISMO FABIANO E O EXEMPLO BRITANICO

A criação, em 1894, da Sociedade Fabiana, cujo principal objetivo era a implantação do Socialismo por meios pacíficos, revelaria que as classes dirigentes inglesas consideravam possível o fim do capitalismo. No apogeu do imperialismo britânico, a eliminação da pobreza parecia impossível às camadas pensantes da época. A prevalecer tal hipótese, seria fatal a substituição do sistema econômico vigente pelo socialismo. Nos dois últimos decênios do século XIX ainda perduravam fortes traços das condições sociais deprimentes, descritas por Friedrich Engels, em livro clássico, de 1844, quatro anos antes de Marx lançar o Manifesto Comunista, cuja primeira redação era do próprio Engels.

Se o advento do socialismo seria fruto de transição não revolucionária, ficando implícita a preservação das liberdades democráticas, não haveria de faltar apoio financeiro à Sociedade Fabiana, criada pelo casal Sidney (1859-1947) e Beatrice Webb (1858-1943) e por Bernard Shaw (1856-1950). Aderiram à agremiação H. G. Wells, Leonard Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, Bertrand Russell e vários outros intelectuais do mesmo nível.

Dirigida por figuras de prestígio social e intelectual, a Sociedade não precisava mendigar recursos financeiros. Foram de tal vulto as doações milionárias recebidas, que permitiram ao casal Webb, logo em 1895, criar a London School of Economics and Political Science, que viria a ser uma das instituições de ensino superior de maior renome em todo o mundo. Com o apoio da Sociedade à fundação do Partido Trabalhista, em 1900, os fabianos passam a fazer política, pois muitos deles eram dirigentes do movimento laborista. Em 1904, os trabalhistas ganham representação no Parlamento e passam a falar em nome de mineiros, ferroviários e trabalhadores de outros setores.

A Sociedade representava uma fonte de ideias para a bancada trabalhista na Câmara dos Comuns, destacando-se entre seus textos, em prol do gradualismo, as propostas sobre o salário mínimo, de 1906, a criação do Serviço Nacional de Saúde, de 1911, e a abolição das restrições à ascensão social dos filhos de trabalhadores, de 1917. Os socialistas fabianos mantinham posição crítica diante do livre-comércio e aderiram ao protecionismo com o objetivo de proteger a economia nacional contra a competição estrangeira.

Os fatos demonstravam que as classes dirigentes davam seu consentimento ao proselitismo sobre a transição pacífica da economia liberal para o governo socialista. Bastaria lembrar que os fabianos eram membros da aristocracia. Sidney Webb veio a ser barão de Passfield, em 1929, e automaticamente membro da Câmara dos Lordes. Depois de viagem à União Soviética, em 1932, o casal Webb regressou entoando louvores ao novo regime (Soviet Communism: a new civilization?).

Promovendo a difusão de literatura socialista – só o casal Webb era autor de 22 livros sobre o tema –, a Sociedade contribuiu para a promoção de autores socialistas europeus, do século XIX, distinguindo-se os trabalhos de Robert Owen, Proudhon, Saint-Simon, Louis Blanc

e muitos outros, mas ignorou Karl Marx, o que não significa que não conhecesse em pormenor as obras do autor revolucionário alemão. Bem conhecido dos fabianos e da aristocracia era o prognóstico da “crise geral do capitalismo” feito por Marx, a partir da análise das crises econômicas periódicas, mais ou menos decenais, os chamados ciclos econômicos. Marx datava de 1819 a primeira crise e, durante sua existência, testemunhou uma sucessão desses movimentos cíclicos. Era firme a sua crença na chegada fatal da “crise geral” do sistema, determinando o fim do capitalismo. Os fabianos estavam compenetrados dessa “fatalidade”. Como seres iluminados, pretendiam cumprir a missão histórica de conduzir os acontecimentos de modo a assegurar a transição pacífica.

Essa história se liga ao ostracismo e ao ressurgimento triunfal de John Maynard Keynes. No Natal de 1919, a publicação de As consequências econômicas da paz pôs o professor de Economia de Cambridge entre as figuras políticas de maior projeção da Grã-Bretanha. Mas a súbita projeção logo se seguiria à sua exclusão dos círculos oficiais como autor de um ato que seria considerado de traição nacional. Keynes havia sido o terceiro membro da delegação britânica à Conferência da Paz, chefiada pelo poderoso primeiro-ministro Lloyd George, depois de ter prestado valioso serviço público ao governo de Sua Majestade, em que se distinguira por suma competência como conselheiro do Tesouro.

Anos antes de seu ataque aos termos do Tratado de Paz, Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov Lênin, exilado na Suíça, fez, em 1914, o prognóstico de que John Maynard estava fadado a se destacar como um dos intelectuais de maior prestígio do mundo ocidental. A confirmação plena do prognóstico de Lenin coube a um dos biógrafos da eminência de Cambridge, quando tentou descrever uma cena histórica: “Lembro-me da densa multidão e da luta para se encontrar na sala até um lugar onde ficar de pé, pois todo mundo queria ouvir Keynes.” Das palestras desses dias nasceu o livro “As consequências econômicas da paz”, publicado em fins de dezembro de 1919, com a severíssima crítica de Keynes ao Tratado de Versalhes.

O reverso da medalha apareceria sob a forma de um editorial de The Times, de 5 de janeiro de 1920, acusando Keynes de estar prestando serviço aos inimigos dos Aliados. Era a mensagem de que John Maynard deixara de ser persona grata da aristocracia. Ele se afastaria ainda mais do poder, ao publicar, em 1926, As consequências econômicas de Mr. Churchill, num ousado ataque à política econômica do então primeiro-ministro.

Em 1922, com 39 anos de idade, já excluído dos centros do poder, enamorara-se da bailarina russa Lydia Lupokova, do balé de Diaghlev, em Paris, e a trouxe para Londres, instalando-a, inicialmente, no segundo andar do prédio onde ocupava o quinto. Em agosto de 1925, celebra casamento com Lydia, fazendo do ato um acontecimento badalado em toda a Europa. Tinha bastante dinheiro para esses luxos. Operando na Bolsa, enriquecia facilmente a si e às instituições acadêmicas e artísticas às quais estava ligado.

Em fins daquele ano, Lydia o induz a uma visita a Moscou. A Rússia avançava na reconstrução de sua economia, destruída pela guerra e pela intervenção militar estrangeira. Em 1928, na segunda visita do casal à capital dos Soviets, Keynes assiste ao lançamento do Primeiro Plano Quinquenal de Stalin, de 1929 a 1934, cumprido com antecedência de um ano. Nos primeiros anos 30, enquanto as economias do Ocidente soçobravam no desemprego, o Plano de Stalin tinha como característica principal, aos olhos de Keynes, o pleno emprego. Era acentuada a escassez de mão de obra na Rússia soviética. O filósofo de Cambridge extraíra do plano de desenvolvimento soviético a lição de que, para contornar as crises cíclicas do capitalismo, a solução estava no investimento público em todos os setores.

As classes dirigentes britânicas, que conviviam cordialmente com os membros da Sociedade Fabiana e com suas teses sobre o gradualismo reformista, ficaram alarmadas diante do aprofundamento e duração da crise iniciada em outubro de 1929. A crise econômica se agravara em 1932, quando 35% dos mineiros, 48% dos metalúrgicos e 62% dos trabalhadores em estaleiros estavam desempregados. Esgotaram-se os fundos de assistência social, e a partir de 1932 os benefícios pagos aos desempregados foram reduzidos. Com a Lei do Desemprego, de 1934, o governo britânico restabeleceu os níveis dos benefícios vigentes em 1931 e criou os Conselhos de Assistência ao Desemprego.

O clima era altamente favorável a John Maynard Keynes, reintegrado nos círculos oficiais após a publicação, em 1936, da Teoria geral do emprego, do juro e da moeda. O pavor da “crise geral” marxista deu causa a um apelo dramático da aristocracia a Keynes: “Salve-nos!” Ansioso por voltar a ser parte integrante do mundo oficial, Keynes atendeu ao apelo das classes dirigentes e foi amplamente recompensado com homenagens que o elevaram à Câmara dos Lordes. Em 1944, em Livro branco, o governo britânico consagrou o keynesianismo como doutrina oficial, sacramentando a política de crescimento econômico pela via do investimento estatizante.

No auge da Segunda Guerra Mundial, William Beveridge, futuro lorde e barão, elaborou os célebres Relatórios que trazem o seu nome e foram o primeiro passo na implantação do Consenso Keynesiano. O relatório principal, de 1942, intitulado “O seguro social e serviços conexos”, e conhecido como Beveridge Report, tinha por objetivo um amplo programa de promoção social, pretendendo combater a pobreza, as doenças, a ignorância e o desemprego. A peça principal consistia na administração governamental de um sistema de seguro compulsório. Todo trabalhador, ao contribuir para um sistema de seguro nacional, com parcela deduzida de seu salário semanal ou mensal, estaria ajudando a construir um fundo que viria a pagar benefícios aos desempregados, aos enfermos ou a vítimas de acidentes do trabalho. Os benefícios seriam de um nível capaz de assegurar a sobrevivência do marido, da esposa e dos filhos. Haveria benefícios para viúvas e auxílios aos tutores de órfãos, assim como para a manutenção de todos os filhos do casal, de modo que as famílias numerosas não passassem dificuldades.

Para os que não tivessem feito contribuições regulares, durante certo tempo, ou não fossem contribuintes do Sistema Nacional de Seguro, haveria dotações governamentais destinadas à assistência social. À margem das cláusulas da seguridade social, haveria acesso universal à educação, dos 7 aos 16 anos de idade, e aos serviços de saúde, com plena gratuidade, havendo previsão orçamentária para tais fins.

No segundo relatório, de 1944, publicado sob o título de “Pleno emprego numa sociedade livre”, Beveridge descreve de que forma esse objetivo seria realizado. Ele menciona medidas alternativas para essa consecução, inclusive o estilo keynesiano de regulação fiscal, o controle direto da força de trabalho e o controle estatal dos meios de produção. O que impulsionava o pensamento de Beveridge era a Justiça Social e a criação de uma sociedade ideal, depois da guerra.

Com a vitória do Partido Trabalhista nas eleições de 1945, o governo que daí surge começa a implementar as propostas de Beveridge, as quais representam a base do Moderno Estado do Bem-Estar. O primeiro-ministro trabalhista Clement Atlee criou o Serviço Nacional de Saúde, em 1948, com tratamento médico gratuito para todos. Foi também introduzido um sistema de benefícios como base da seguridade social, de modo que a população seria protegida “do berço ao túmulo”.

Não obstante os resultados eleitoralmente positivos da política de bem-estar social, o governo trabalhista de Clement Atlee perdeu as eleições gerais de 1951, quando o Partido Conservador repõe Winston Churchill no poder. Os elevados gastos decorrentes da restauração imobiliária, no após-guerra, os problemas da desmobilização, a complexa reconversão das indústrias de guerra para a paz e os problemas administrativos, resultantes do novo contexto, contribuíram para a derrota trabalhista, a qual não seria definitiva.

Além do vasto programa na área social, o governo Clement Atlee empreendeu um amplo programa de estatização, alcançando inclusive as usinas de energia elétrica, a siderurgia, o gás, os transportes, as minas de carvão, a aviação comercial e o cabo submarino. Em 1951, o governo britânico empregava 26% da força nacional de trabalho, tornando o aparelho do Estado excessivamente burocratizado. Ao mesmo tempo, o governo ficava em posição vulnerável em consequência do elevado custo dos programas de saúde, educação e bem-estar em favor de toda a população.

Os governos conservadores que se seguiram ao trabalhista (1945-1951) respeitaram o Consenso Keynesiano. O Partido Conservador vence os pleitos de 1951, 1955 e 1959, governando o país até 1964. O pacto social foi mantido sem contestação. Em 1951, com a vitória dos conservadores, Winston Churchill volta ao poder, seguido de Anthony Éden (1955-1959). Nas eleições de outubro de 1959, vence o conservador Harold Macmillan, que governa até 1964. De 1964 a 1968, o trabalhista Haroldo Wilson ocupa o cargo de primeiro-ministro. Houve também eleições gerais em 1966, confirmando Wilson no poder.

Algumas indicações justificam a afirmação de que o citado Consenso começa a expirar em 1970, quando os conservadores vencem as eleições gerais. No decênio de 60, o grevismo ganha ímpeto e chega a extremos limites na década seguinte, para ser exercido como um instrumento de pressão sobre toda a sociedade. As centrais sindicais operárias se sentem tão poderosas que passam a ser consideradas como “o Estado dentro do Estado”. Durante o governo conservador de Edward Heath, de 1970 a 1974, houve 2.917 greves.

Em fins de novembro de 1973, o sindicato dos mineiros, dirigido pelo radical Arthur Scargill, impôs o fim do trabalho em horas extras. O governo de Heath declarou estado de emergência. Em dezembro, o sindicato proclamou a semana de três dias e em janeiro de 74 convocou uma greve geral. Num esforço desesperado para definir a situação, o primeiro-ministro conservador convocou eleições gerais com o objetivo de decidir a questão essencial: quem governa a Grã-Bretanha? Os trabalhistas venceram o pleito e, no dia 4 de março, Heath deixou Downing Street 10 (sede do governo), cedendo o lugar ao barão Harold Wilson, que enfrentará, nesse ano, inflação de 27%. Em 1975, a inflação baixa para 25% e as centrais sindicais impõem aumentos gerais de salários da ordem de 30%.

O país estava ingovernável. Durante o século XIX e até o ano de 1960, a Grã-Bretanha sempre esteve à frente dos países do continente em termos de produção per capita. A situação se inverteu, pois, em 1973, os países da Comunidade Econômica Europeia estavam de 30% a 40% acima. Em termos de produtividade, a Alemanha e a França estavam 50% acima da Grã-Bretanha.

Em abril de 1976, depois de eleições gerais, é eleito “premier” lorde James Callaghan, também trabalhista, que governa até maio de 1979. Prevalecia, desde 1974, a palavra de ordem dos sindicatos de tomada pelo Estado de todos os meios de produção. A Leyland, a maior empresa automobilística britânica, e a British Aerospace foram encampadas, quando faltavam recursos para socorrer inúmeras empresas à beira da falência. Perdera vigência o pacto social.

Margaret Thatcher, líder do Partido Conservador, ganha voto de confiança da agremiação em 28 de março de 1979 e vence as eleições de 3 de maio, depois de algumas semanas de campanha em que o Partido Trabalhista era retratado como o partido das greves, da estatização e dos salários sem controle. Outra característica combinava estagnação econômica com inflação e desvalorização da moeda. As greves explodiam por toda parte, deixando a classe trabalhadora como viciada em greve, origem da baixa produtividade por trabalhador.

Depois das 2.917 greves de 1970-1974, no governo conservador, o governo trabalhista de Harold Wilson, de 1975 a 1979, conseguiu amainar a pressão do grevismo, fazendo o número total de greves baixar para 2.345, mas com aumento do número de trabalhadores envolvidos.

A política fiscal asfixiava o setor privado, ao fixar a alíquota de 83% para os que pagavam imposto de renda e de 98% para os ganhos de capital. No livro já antes referido, “Soviet communism: a new civilization”, os Webb ressaltam que o governo soviético punia quem tentasse obter lucro. A taxação mencionada quase reproduzia, na Inglaterra, situação idêntica, no que se relacionava às restrições ao capital. Margaret Thatcher seguiu caminho inverso ao promover substancial redução de impostos e ao acelerar a privatização de empresas, estimulando-as a obter lucro para fortalecer a caixa do Tesouro.

Apolítica econômica de Thatcher dera causa a uma nova atitude da sociedade diante da economia de mercado, abrindo a perspectiva de restauração do poder político e econômico da Grã-Bretanha no quadro mundial. Não eram irrelevantes os problemas apresentados à primeira-ministra, em maio de 79. Simultaneamente com o combate à inflação, a restauração do valor da moeda e o equilíbrio das contas públicas, tornava-se imperioso restabelecer um mínimo de ordem na vida da nação depauperada pelo grevismo. Embora o país tenha ocupado o nono lugar no mundo, em termos de renda per capita, ocorreu a baixa para o 15º lugar, em 1971, para o 18º em 1976 e para o 20º quando Margaret assume o poder.

Impunha-se definir um quadro de restrições ao uso do direito de greve, inclusive a consulta prévia, aos trabalhadores sindicalizados, por meio de votação secreta, 15 dias antes do início de cada greve, a qual só podia ser decretada se contasse com o apoio declarado da maioria dos membros de cada sindicato. Os piquetes ficaram restritos ao local de trabalho, proibindo-se os movimentos de solidariedade a grevistas. Em 1982, foi facilitada por lei a demissão de trabalhadores sem consulta à Justiça do Trabalho, tornando-se possível processar um sindicato, com pedido de indenização de 10 mil a 250 mil libras esterlinas por ações ilegais. Em 1983, o governo determinou que as centrais sindicais realizassem eleições a cada cinco anos, abertas a todos os filiados, com voto secreto, para a escolha de novos dirigentes. O objetivo era evitar a perpetuação de líderes radicais.

Os mineiros decidiram travar batalha com a chamada Dama de Ferro, declarando greve que durou 12 meses, em 1984-1985. A primeira-ministra contou com o pleno apoio da opinião pública quando decidiu derrotar o sindicato, fechando a maior parte das minas restantes. Diante de uma ameaça de greve geral ferroviária, Margaret Thatcher convocou a Downing Street, os líderes dos ferroviários e leu para eles o texto de um decreto que extinguia as ferrovias britânicas. Foi o bastante para não haver greve.

Coube à primeira-ministra pôr cobro à era do socialismo, à moda britânica, instaurado a partir de 1945. Nos anos 80, a atmosfera política não mais comportava a pregação social-reformista da Sociedade Fabiana, que vinha desde sua fundação, um século antes. Após 30 anos de vigência do Consenso Keynesiano, iniciado em 1945, a classe média inglesa demonstrava sua aversão à decadência econômica do país, colocando a bandeira nacional como pano de chão na entrada dos edifícios. Vivenciava em sua plenitude as consequências econômicas de Mr. Keynes, fruto da crença na balela da crise geral marxista.

A política adotada pela primeira-ministra Margaret Thatcher, com ênfase na privatização, na estabilidade monetária e na redução da carga tributária, encerrou, em definitivo, esse capítulo da história econômica do Reino Unido, que assim voltou a fazer parte da constelação de grandes potências. •

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politicsarecool2 · 9 months ago

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“These sayings/insults are incredible gems from an era before the English language got boiled down to 4-letter words! I hope you delight in them as much as I have. 😅♥️

1. "He had delusions of adequacy. ” Walter Kerr

2. "He has all the virtues I dislike and none of the vices I admire.”- Winston Churchill

3. "I have never killed a man, but I have read many obituaries with great pleasure. - Clarence Darrow

4. "He has never been known to use a word that might send a reader to the dictionary.”-William Faulkner (about Ernest Hemingway)

5. "Poor Faulkner. Does he really think big emotions come from big words?"- Ernest Hemingway (about William Faulkner)

6. "Thank you for sending me a copy of your book; I'll waste no time reading it.” - Moses Hadas

7. "I didn't attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it.” - Mark Twain

8. "He has no enemies, but is intensely disliked by his friends.” - Oscar Wilde

9. "I am enclosing two tickets to the first night of my new play; bring a friend, if you have one.” -George Bernard Shaw to Winston Churchill

10. "Cannot possibly attend first night, will attend second... if there is one.” - Winston Churchill, in response

11. "I feel so miserable without you; it's almost like having you here” - Stephen Bishop

12. "He is a self-made man and worships his creator.” - John Bright

13. "I've just learned about his illness. Let's hope it's nothing trivial.” - Irvin S. Cobb

14. "He is not only dull himself; he is the cause of dullness in others.” - Samuel Johnson

15. "He is simply a shiver looking for a spine to run up. - Paul Keating

16. "He loves nature in spite of what it did to him.” - Forrest Tucker

17. "Why do you sit there looking like an envelope without any address on it?” - Mark Twain

18. "His mother should have thrown him away and kept the stork.” - Mae West

19. "Some cause happiness wherever they go; others, whenever they go.” - Oscar Wilde

20. "He uses statistics as a drunken man uses lamp-posts... for support rather than illumination.” - Andrew Lang (1844-1912)

21. "He has Van Gogh's ear for music.” - Billy Wilder

22. "I've had a perfectly wonderful evening. But I'm afraid this wasn't it.” - Groucho Marx

23. The exchange between Winston Churchill & Lady Astor: She said, "If you were my husband I'd give you poison." He said, "If you were my wife, I'd drink it."

24. "He can compress the most words into the smallest idea of any man I know." - Abraham Lincoln

25. "There's nothing wrong with you that reincarnation won't cure." -- Jack E. Leonard

26. "They never open their mouths without subtracting from the sum of human knowledge." -- Thomas Brackett Reed

27. "He inherited some good instincts from his Quaker forebears, but by diligent hard work, he overcame them." -- James Reston (about Richard Nixon) —Robert L Truesdel”

From FB

Unknown MP on witnessing Winston Churchill fail to wash his hands in the members WC after urinating .."At Eton, we were taught to wash our hands!". Winston .. "At Harrow, we were taught not to piss on our fingers!" 🤣

More…

“Dorothy Parker reviewing a book

This book is not one to be tossed lightly aside but hurled with great force.

Parker on Margot Hemingway

Who broke he leg

She broke her leg by sliding down a Barrister.

Margot Asquith to Jean Harlow - who always pronounced the T at the end of Margot.

“ no dear the T is silent - as in Harlow.

Dorothy Parker and a rival were heading towards a door

“Age before beauty “said her rival motioning DP to go first

And Pearls before Swine said DP and she sailed through the door.

Disraeli was once asked the difference between a misfortune and a Catastrophe

He replied

If Gladstone were to fall into the Thames that I suppose would be a misfortune

But if someone were to pull him out that would be a catastrophe.

French Catholic ambassador took the English Protestant ambassador to a gallery and showed him a painting which he knew would enrage him

A painting of Christ with the French King on one side of Christ and the Pope on the other side.

Without missing a beat the English ambassador thanked him for the informative tour and said

I always knew that our Lord was crucified between two thieves but until now I never knew their identity.”

#cute sayings #quotes

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