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miguelmarias · 4 years ago

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TOP 2020

25/12/2020

A) Great movies made since 2015 seen for the first time in 2020:

Buoyancy(Freedom;Rodd Rathjen, 2019)

Les choses qu’on dit, les choses qu’on fait(Emmanuel Mouret, 2020)

L’Île au trésor(Guillaume Brac, 2018)

Le Sel des larmes(Philippe Garrel, 2019/20)

Ghawre Bairey Aaj(Home and the World;Aparna Sen, 2019)

Undine(Christian Petzold, 2020)

Happī awā(Happy Hour;Hamaguchi Ryūsuke, 2015)

Netemo Sametemo(Asako I & II;Hamaguchi Ryūsuke, 2018)

Adolescentes(Sébastien Lifshitz, 2013-9/20)

Family Romance, LLC.(Werner Herzog, 2019)

Demain et tous les autres jours(Noémie Lvovsky, 2017)

Gamak Ghar(Achal Mishra, 2019)

Lunana:A Yak in the Classroom(Pawo Choyning Dorji, 2019)

Semina il vento(Sow the Wind;Danilo Caputo, 2020)

Objector(Molly Stuart, 2019)

La France contre les robots(Jean-Marie Straub, 2020)

Paris Calligrammes(Ulrike Ottinger, 2019/20)

Un film dramatique(Éric Baudelaire, 2019)

B) Great movies made before 2015 seen for the first time in 2020:

Là-Haut, un Roi au-dessus des nuages(Pierre Schoendoerffer, 2003)

Pangarap ng Puso(Demons/Whispers of the Demon/Hope of the Heart;Mario O’Hara, 2000)

Les Films rêvés(Eric Pauwels, 2009)

La vida en rojo(Andrés Linares, 2007/8)

Come Next Spring(R.G. Springsteen, 1955/6)

Song of Surrender(Mitchell Leisen, 1948/9)

Adventure in Manhattan(Edward Ludwig, 1936)

Strannaia zhenshchina(A Strange Woman;Iuli Raízman, 1978)

Chastnaia zhízn(Private Life;Iuli Raízman, 1982)

Málva(Vladimir Braun, 1956/7)

Zhila-byla devochka(Once There Was a Girl;Viktor Eisimont, 1944)

The Unknown Man(Richard Thorpe, 1951)

Aisai Monogatari(Story of a Beloved Wife;Shindō Kaneto, 1951)

Practically Yours(Mitchell Leisen, 1944)

A Summer Storm(Robert Wise, 1999/2000)

Lettre d’un cinéaste à sa fille(Eric Pauwels, 2000)

Sombra verde(Untouched;Roberto Gavaldón, 1954)

Fantasma d’amore(Dino Risi, 1981)

Adieu, Mascotte(Das Modell vom Montparnasse;Wilhelm Thiele, 1929)

Mori no kajiya(The Blacksmith of the Forest;Shimizu Hiroshi, 1928/9;fragment)

Zwischen Gestern und Morgen(Between Yesterday and Tomorrow;Harald Braun, 1947)

Last Holiday(Henry Cass, 1950)

Dialogue d’ombres(Danièle Huillet & Jean-Marie Straub, 1954-2013)

Out-Takes from the Life of a Happy Man(Jonas Mekas, 2012)

Nice Time(Claude Goretta & Alain Tanner, 1957)

Aloma of the South Seas(Alfred Santell, 1941)

A Feather in Her Hat(Alfred Santell, 1935)

La Danseuse Orchidée(Léonce Perret, 1928)

Underground(Vincent Sherman, 1941)

Time Out(in Twilight Zone-The Movie)(John Landis, 1983)

Lackawanna Blues(George C. Wolfe, 2005)

Janie(Michael Curtiz, 1944)

Dernier Amour(Léonce Perret, 2016)

Jeunes Filles en détresse(Georg Wilhelm Pabst, 1939)

Kisapmata(Blink of an Eye;Mike De Leon, 1981)

La Dernière Lettre(Frederick Wiseman, 2002)

The Lady of the Dig-Out(W.S. Van Dyke II, 1918)

Their Own Desire(E.Mason Hopper, 1929)

C) Very good movies made since 2015 seen for the first time in 2020:

Zumiriki(Oskar Alegria, 2019)

Atlantique(Mati Diop, 2019)

J’accuse(An Officier and A Spy;Roman Polanski, 2019)

Richard Jewell(Clint Eastwood, 2019)

Alice et le Maire(Nicolas Pariser, 2019)

Contes de Juillet(July Tales;Guillaume Brac, 2017)

Dark Waters(Todd Haynes, 2019)

Ofrenda a la tormenta(Fernando González Molina, 2020)

Nomad:In the Footsteps of Bruce Chatwin(Werner Herzog, 2019)

Into the Inferno(Werner Herzog, 2016)

The Zookeeper’s Wife(Niki Caro, 2017)

Journal de septembre(Eric Pauwels, 2019)

La Deuxième Nuit(Eric Pauwels, 2016)

Kaze no denwa(Voices in the Wind;Suwa Nobuhiro, 2019/20)

Da 5 Bloods(Spike Lee, 2020)

Izaokas(Isaac;Jurgis Matulevičius, 2019)

A Metamorfose dos Pássaros(Catarina Vasconcelos, 2020)

Tabi no Owari Sekai no Hajimari(To the Ends of the Earth;Kurosawa Kiyoshi, 2019)

La Nuit d’avant(Pablo García Canga, 2019)

My Mexican Bretzel(Nuria Giménez, 2018-9)

Domangchin yeoja(The Woman Who Ran;Hong Sang-soo, 2019/20)

Öndög(Wang Quanan, 2019)

Hatsukoi(First Love;Miike Takashi, 1959)

Million raz pogivaet odin Cheloviek(One man dies a million times;Jessica Oreck, 2018/9)

The Two Popes(Fernando Meirelles, 2019)

Félicité(Alain Gomis, 2016/7)

Salt and Fire(Werner Herzog, 2016)

Ni de lian(Your Face;Tsai Ming-liang, 2018)

Qi qiu(Balloon;Pema Tseden, 2019)

River Silence(Rogério Soares, 2019)

Charlie’s Angels(Elizabeth Banks, 2019)

La boda de Rosa(Iciar Bollain, 2020)

Guerra(War;José Oliveira & Marta Ramos, 2020)

My Thoughts Are Silent/Moyi dumky tykhi(Antonio Lukich, 2019)

Namo(The Alien;Nader Saeivar;co-script-Jafar Panahi, 2020)

Los silencios(The Silences;Beatriz Seigner, 2018)

Terminal Sud(Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche, 2019)

Tu mérites un amour(You Deserve a Lover;Hafsia Herzi, 2019)

Les Misérables(Ladj Ly, 2019)

Padre no hay más que uno(Santiago Segura, 2019)

Honeyland(Tamara Kotovska & Ljubomir Stefanov, 2019)

Izbrisana(Erased;Miha Mazzini & Dusan Joksimovic, 2018)

This Is Not A Burial, It’s A Resurrection(Lemohang Jeremiah Mosese, 2019)

Primero Enero(Darío Mascambroni, 2016)

Lahi, Hayop(Pan, Genus/Genus Pan;Lav Diaz, 2020)

D) Very good movies made before 2015 seen for the first time in 2020:

Topaze(Marcel Pagnol, 1936)

The SIGN OF THE RAM(John Sturges, 1947/8)

Abandoned(Joseph M. Newman, 1949)

Bewitched(Arch Oboler, 1944/5)

La Femme du Bout du Monde((Jean Epstein, 1937)

The Outcast(William Witney, 1954)

Saadia(Albert Lewin, 1953)

Un monde sans femmes(Guillaume Brac, 2011)

Dishonored Lady(Robert Stevenson, 1947)

Always Goodbye(Signey Lanfield, 1938)

A Blueprint for Murder(Andrew L. Stone, 1953)

Bedevilled(Mitchell Leisen, 1955)

That Forsyte Woman(Compton Bennett, 1949)

The Miracle(Irving Rapper, 1959)

The Madonna’s Secret(Wilhelm Thiele, 1946)

The Town That Dreaded Sundown(Charles B. Pierce, 1976)

Grayeagle(Charles B. Pierce, 1977)

Barricade(Peter Godfrey, 1949/50)

Tomorrow is Forever(Irving Pichel, 1945/6)

David Harum(James Cruze, 1934)

The Vanquished(Edward Ludwig, 1953)

Keisatsukan(Uchida Tomu, 1933)

...Enfants des courants d’air(Édouard Luntz, 1959, short)

The Winds of Autumn(Charles B. Pierce, 1976)

Suddenly It’s Spring(Mitchell Leisen, 1946)

Uchūjin Tōkyō ni arawaru(Warning from Space;Shima Kōji, 1956)

Swiss Family Robinson(Edward Ludwig, 1940)

Ludwig der Zweite, König von Bayern(Wilhelm Dieterle, 1930)

Faithless(Harry Beaumont, 1932)

Botan-dorō(Peony Lanterns;Yamamoto Satsuo, 1968)

Ginza 24 chou(Tales of Ginza;Kawashima Yūzō, 1955)

Goodbye Again(Michael Curtiz, 1933)

Lines of White on a Sullen Sea(D.W. Griffith, 1909)

You Gotta Stay Happy(H.C. Potter, 1948)

Cave of Forgotten Dreams(Werner Herzog, 2010)

Riff-Raff(Ted Tetzlaff, 1947)

The Moon is Down(Irving Pichel, 1943)

The Bride Wore Boots(Irving Pichel, 1946)

Adventures in Silverado(Phil Karlson, 1948)

The Stolen Ranch(William Wyler, 1926)

Congo Maisie(H.C. Potter, 1940)

Marcides(Mercedes;Yousry Nasrallah, 1993)

Hell’s Five Hours(Jack L. Copeland, 1958)

Daniel(in Stimulantia;Ingmar Bergman, 1967)

Diên Biên Phú(Pierre Schoendoerffer, 1992)

Canyon River(Cattle King;Harmon Jones, 1956)

Dos Basuras(Kurt Land, 1958)

Smart Girls Don’t Talk(Richard L. Bare, 1948)

The Big Shakedown(John Francis Dillon, 1933/4)

Corvette K-225(Richard Rosson;p.,collab.Howard Hawks, 1943)

The Gay Deception(William Wyler, 1935)

The Invisible Woman(A.Edward Sutherland, 1940)

Rage in Heaven(W.S. Van Dyke II;collab.Robert B. Sinclair,Richard Thorpe, 1941)

Wild Side(Sébastien Lifshitz, 2004)

I bambini e noi(Luigi Comencini, 1970//7)

The House Across The Street(Richard L. Bare, 1948/9)

The Doughgirls(James V. Kern, 1944)

The Love Trap(William Wyler, 1929)

Torch Song(Charles Walters, 1953)

The Meanest Man in the World(Sidney Lanfield, 1942/3)

Cole Younger, Gunfighter(R.G. Springsteen, 1958)

Ballerine(Gustav Machatý, 1936)

Via Mala(Josef von Báky, 1945//8)

Sky Giant(Lew Landers, 1938)

Les Invisibles(Sébastien Lifshitz, 2012)

Promène toi donc tout nu(Emmanuel Mouret, 1998)

A Story for the Modlins(Una historia para los Modlin;Sergio Oksman, 2012)

Something in the Wind(Irving Pichel, 1947)

Spoveď(Confession;Pavol Skýkova, 1968)

Guilty Hands(W.S. Van Dyke II;collab.Lionel Barrymore, 1931)

Atto di accusa(Giacomo Gentilomo, 1950)

Suspense(Frank Tuttle, 1956)

This Is The Night(Frank Tuttle, 1932)

Escape in the Fog(Oscar ‘Budd’ Boetticher,Jr., 1945)

The Price of Fear(Abner Biberman, 1956)

Happy People:A Year in the Taiga(Werner Herzog, 2010)

Urok(The Lesson;Kristina Grozeva & Petar Valchanov, 2014)

Le Naufragé(Guillaume Brac, 2009)

Lili Marlen(Peter Mihálik;script.Dušan Hanák, 1970;short)

Deseo(Antonio Zavala Kugler, 2013)

E) Great movies that improved by new watchings:

Shanghai Express(Josef von Sternberg, 1932)

The Best Years of Our Lives(William Wyler, 1946)

Till We Meet Again(Frank Borzage, 1944)

Man’s Favorite Sport?(Howard Hawks, 1963/4)

Along The Great Divide(Raoul Walsh, 1951)

Hondo(John V. Farrow, 1953)

Where The Sidewalk Ends(Otto Preminger, 1950)

Mrs. Miniver(William Wyler, 1942)

Driftwood(Allan Dwan, 1947)

‘Good-bye, My Lady’(William A. Wellman, 1956)

Touch of Evil(Preview version, 1975;not later ‘improvements’)(Orson Welles, 1958)

Le Crabe-Tambour(Pierre Schoendoerffer, 1977)

Unfinished Business(Gregory LaCava, 1941)

Madigan(Don Siegel, 1968)

Big Business(James Wesley Horne;s.Leo McCarey, 1929)

Putting Pants on Philip(Clyde A. Bruckman;s.Leo McCarey, 1927)

The Runner Stumbles(Stanley Kramer, 1979)

Yushima no Shiraume(Romance at Yushima;Kinugasa Teinosukē, 1955)

David Harum(Allan Dwan, 1915)

The Virginian(Cecil B. DeMille, 1914)

Island in the Sky(William A. Wellman, 1953)

All About Eve(Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1950)

L’Eclisse(Michelangelo Antonioni, 1962)

The Roaring Twenties(Raoul Walsh, 1939)

The Plainsman(Cecil B. DeMille, 1936)

JLG/JLG-Autoportrait de décembre(Jean-Luc Godard, 1994)

‘Je vous salue, Marie’(Hail Mary;Jean-Luc Godard, 1984)

La Roue(Abel Gance, 1923)

They All Laughed(Peter Bogdanovich, 1981)

Innocent Blood(John Landis, 1992)

An American Werewolf in London(John Landis, 1981)

The Thing Called Love(Peter Bogdanovich, 1993)

Into the Night(John Landis, 1985)

The File On Thelma Jordon(Thelma Jordon;Robert Siodmak, 1949)

The Little American(Cecil B. DeMille, 1917)

In Our Time(Vincent Sherman, 1944)

The Hunters(Dick Powell, 1958)

Phase IV(Saul Bass, 1974)

L’Honneur d’un Capitaine(Pierre Schoendoerffer, 1982)

Backfire(Vincent Sherman, 1948//50)

Five(Arch Oboler, 1951)

Somewhere in the Night(Joseph L. Mankiewiz, 1946)

A Man Alone(Ray Milland, 1955)

Die Geiger von Florez(Paul Czinner, 1926)

Living on Velvet(Frank Borzage, 1934/5)

La Recta provincia(Raúl Ruiz, 2007//15)

La Noche de enfrente(Raúl Ruiz, 2012)

Carrie(Sister Carrie;William Wyler, 1951/2)

The Spiral Staircase(Robert Siodmak, 1945/6)

The Paradine Case(Alfred Hitchcock, 1947)

L’Amore(Una voce umana+Il Miracolo)(Roberto Rossellini, 1947/8)

The Heiress(William Wyler, 1949)

F) Very good movies watched again

Bluebeard’s 10 Honeymoons(W.Lee Wilder, 1960)

The Five Pennies(Melville Shavelson, 1958)

Take a Letter, Darling(Mitchell Leisen, 1942)

Escape(Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1948)

Appassionatamente(Giacomo Gentilomo, 1954)

Así como habían sido(Trío)(Andrés Linares, 1986/7)

San Antone(Joseph Kane, 1953)

The High and the Mighty(William A. Wellman, 1954)

Taki no Shiraito(The Water Magician;Mizoguchi Kenji, 1933)

The Web(Michael Gordon, 1947)

The Buccaneer(Anthony Quinn;s.Cecil B. DeMille, 1958)

The Buccaneer(Cecil B. DeMille, 1938)

Desire Me(uncredited:George Cukor/Jack Conway/Mervyn LeRoy/Victor Saville, 1946)

Flaxy Martin(Richard L. Bare, 1948/9)

Swing High, Swing Low(Mitchell Leien, 1937)

Death Takes A Holiday(Mitchell Leisen, 1934)

Irene(Herbert Wilcox, 1940)

Beloved Enemy(H.C. Potter, 1936)

The Cowboy and the Lady(H.C. Potter, 1938)

Der Golem, wie er in die Welt kam(Paul Wegener, 1920)

Mia madre(Nanni Moretti, 2015)

Hell On Frisco Bay(Frank Tuttle, 1955)

Stormy Weather(Andrew L. Stone, 1943)

The Milky Way(Leo McCarey;w.Harold Lloyd, 1936)

Pietà per chi cade(Mario Costa, 1954)

Repeat Performance(Alfred L. Werker, 1947)

Das indische Grabmal:1.Die Sendung des Yoghi,2.Der Tiger von Eschnapur(Joe May, 1921)

Julie(Andrew L. Stone, 1956)

The Member of the Wedding(Fred Zinnemann, 1953)

Winterset(Alfred Santell, 1936)

The Right to Romance(Alfred Santell, 1933)

As Young as You Feel(Harmon Jones, 1951)

You’ll Never Get Rich(Sidney Lanfield, 1941)

The Woman Accused(Paul Sloane, 1933)

Foma Gordeiev(Mark Donskoí, 1959)

The Parent Trap(David Swift, 1961)

High Wall(Curtis Bernhardt, 1947)

Mr. Lucky(H.C. Potter, 1943)

Un Marido de Ida y Vuelta(Luis Lucia, 1957)

The Safecracker(Ray Milland, 1957/8)

She’s Funny That Way(Peter Bogdanovich, 2014)

Oh...Rosalinda!!(Michael Powell & Emeric Pressburger, 1955)

Caribbean(Edward Ludwig, 1952)

Harper(The Moving Target;Jack Smight, 1966)

For You I Die(John Reinhardt, 1947)

Crashing Hollywood(Lew Landers, 1937/8)

Le Souvenir d’un avenir(Chris. Marker & Yannick Bellon, 2001)

Susan Slept Here(Frank Tashlin, 1954)

Bishkanyar Deshot(In the Land of Poison Women;Manju Borah, 2019)

Pollyanna(David Swift, 1960)

A Tale of Two Cities(Jack Conway;collab.Val Lewton & Jacques Tourneur, 1935)

Café Society(Woody Allen, 2016)

Shadow on the Wall(Patrick Jackson, 1949/50)

Tonnerre(Guillaume Brac, 2013)

Le Jouet criminel(Adolfo G. Arrieta, 1969)

‘Once more, with feeling!’(Stanley Donen, 1959)

The Shopworn Angel(H.C. Potter, 1938)

The Absent Minded Professor(Robert Stevenson, 1961)

Gavaznha(The Deer;Masud Kimiai, 1974)

#listas

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thelibraryghost · 3 years ago

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Dungeons & Dragons: A Reference List

Artwork and artists Ahmed, Saladin. "Saladin's Sundrarium: Five Iconic 1st Edition AD&D Illustrations Proving David A. Trampier Is One of the Best Fantasy Artists of All Time." Tor.com. September 28, 2011. <https://www.tor.com/2011/09/28/saladins-sundrarium-five-iconic-1st-edition-adad-illustrations-proving-david-a-trampier-is-one-of-the-best-fantasy-artists-of-all-time/> Appelcline, Shannon. Designers & Dragons: The '70s. USA: Evil Hat Productions, 2014. Bloch, Joseph. "Jeff Dee is Doing Something AWESOME." Greyhawk Grognard. November 9, 2011. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2011/11/09/jeff-dee-is-doing-something-awesome/> Maliszewski, James. "Dave Sutherland and the Birth of the D&D Esthetic." Grognardia. April 30, 2021. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2021/04/dave-sutherland-and-birth-of-d-esthetic.html> Maliszewski, James. "Excelsior!" Grognardia. January 9, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/01/excelsior.html> Maliszewski, James. "More Greg Bells Swipes." Grognardia. September 3, 2012. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2012/09/more-greg-bell-swipes.html> Maliszewski, James. "The Mighty Marvel Method." Grognardia. April 26, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/04/mighty-marvel-method.html> Rients, Jeff. "The Dungeonpunk Question." Jeffs Gameblog. January 1, 2007. <https://jrients.blogspot.com/2007/01/dungeonpunk-question.html> Timrod. "Art of the MM: DCS Black Leg Syndrome." Cave of the Dice Chucker. June 20, 2013. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2013/06/art-of-mm-dcs-black-leg-syndrome.html> Timrod. "Art of the Monster Manual Part II." Cave of the Dice Chucker. June 21, 2013. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2013/06/art-of-monster-manual-part-ii.html> Witwer, Michael, et al. eds. Art & Arcana: A Visual History. New York: Ten Speed Press, 2018.

B2: Keep on the Borderlands Collins, Daniel R. "B2 Used d6 Hit Dice." Delta's D&D Hotspot. January 8, 2009. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2009/01/b2-used-d6-hit-dice.html> Denada. "[Let's Read] Module B2 - Keep on the Borderlands." Penny Arcade Forums. June 2012. <https://forums.penny-arcade.com/discussion/161734/lets-read-module-b2-keep-on-the-borderlands> JB. "The Secret of the Keep on the Borderlands." B/X Blackrazor. August 30, 2011. <https://bxblackrazor.blogspot.com/2011/08/secret-of-keep-on-borderlands.html> Jeffro. "Keep on the Borderlands: Things Gary Gygax Never Told You." Jeffro's Space Gaming Blog. December 5, 2011. <https://jeffro.wordpress.com/2011/12/05/keep-on-the-borderlands-things-gary-gygax-never-told-you/> Zenopus. "Caves of Chaos revealed." Zenopus Archives. November 29, 2011. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2011/11/caves-of-chaos-revealed.html> Zenopus. "Gygax on B2." Zenopus Archives. <https://sites.google.com/site/zenopusarchives/home/modules-and-scenarios/b2-keep-on-the-borderlands/gygax-on-b2>

C1: Hidden Shrine of Tamoachan Bloch, Joseph. "Harold Johnson on the Mythology Behind Tamoachan." Greyhawk Grognard. April 25, 2012. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2012/04/25/harold-johnson-on-mythology-behind/> Collins, Daniel R. "Tip-Offs in Tamoachan." Delta's D&D Hotspot. October 2, 2017. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2017/10/tip-offs-in-tamoachan.html> DHBoggs. "Locating Tamoachan in Greyhawk." Hidden in Shadows. December 2020. <https://boggswood.blogspot.com/2020/12/locating-tamoachan-in-greyhawk.html> Scottsz. "C1-2: Levels, Strength, and Tournaments." Cold Text Files. May 4, 2011. <https://web.archive.org/web/20110813201957/http://coldtextfiles.blogspot.com/2011/05/c1-part-2.html> Character classes Bloch, Joseph. "On Barbarians and their Ilk." Greyhawk Grognard. June 25, 2014. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2014/06/25/on-barbarians-and-their-ilk/> Collins, Daniel R. "Class Trouble I: Thieves." Delta's D&D Hotspot. March 11, 2007. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2007/03/class-trouble-1-thieves.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Class Trouble II: Clerics." Delta's D&D Hotspot. March 11, 2007. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2007/03/class-trouble-ii-clerics.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Origins of Thieves Using Scrolls - Commentary." Delta's D&D Hotspot. May 20, 2011. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2011/05/origins-of-thieves-using-scrolls.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Those Blasted Clerics." Delta's D&D Hotspot. February 21, 2008. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2008/02/those-blasted-clerics.html> DHBoggs. "Clerics of Blackmoor." Hidden in Shadows. July 2015. <https://boggswood.blogspot.com/2015/07/clerics-of-blackmoor.html> DHBoggs. "Turn Undead – are we getting it wrong?" Hidden in Shadows. August 2014. <https://boggswood.blogspot.com/2014/08/turn-undead-are-we-getting-it-wrong.html> Jacobs, Jonathan. "The New Cleric is the Old Cleric (Part 1)." The Core Mechanic. November 11, 2008. <https://thecoremechanic.blogspot.com/2008/11/new-cleric-is-old-cleric-part-1.html> Maliszewski, James. "Idea Spawned by a Rules Oddity." Grognardia. July 2, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/07/idea-spawned-by-rules-oddity.html> Maliszewski, James. "The 'Real' Ranger." Grognardia. May 8, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/05/my-trouble-with-ranger.html> Paul. "Turning Through the Ages." Paul's Gameblog. November 18, 2011. <https://www.paulsgameblog.com/2011/11/18/turning-through-the-ages/> Rients, Jeff. "The Paladin Problem, part 1." Jeffs Gameblog. May 15, 2007. <https://jrients.blogspot.com/2007/05/paladin-problem-part-1.html> Smith, Bret. "The Paladin (Part 1A)." The Grumblin' Grognard. December 15, 2008. <https://grumblingrognard.blogspot.com/2008/12/paladin-part1a.html> Zenopus. "Halflings as the Rangers of Basic." Zenopus Archives. June 10, 2014. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2014/06/hobbits-as-rangers-of-basic.html> Dungeon philosophy Anne. "XP for Exploration - Maps, Monster Drawings, and More!" DIY & Dragons. August 16, 2020. <https://diyanddragons.blogspot.com/2020/08/xp-for-exploration-maps-monster.html> Bloch, Joseph. "Megadungeon-Based Game Mechanics." Greyhawk Grognard. February 19, 2014. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2014/02/19/megadungeon-based-game-mechanics/> Bloch, Joseph. "What makes a megadungeon?" Greyhawk Grognard. June 1, 2017. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2017/06/01/what-makes-megadungeon/> Collins, Daniel R. "DMG Appendix A." Delta's D&D Hotspot. August 6, 2010. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2010/08/dmg-appendix.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Dungeon Geomorphs." Delta's D&D Hotspot. August 4, 2010. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2010/08/dungeon-geomorphs.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Reasons Your Dungeon is Unspoiled." Delta's D&D Hotspot. March 25, 2016. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2016/03/reasons-your-dungeon-is-unspoiled.html> Grohe, Allan. "grodog's Greyhawk Castle Archive - Source Details (Chronological)." Greyhawk Online. <http://www.greyhawkonline.com/grodog/gh_castle_sources_details.html> Maliszewski, James. "Above Ground 'Dungeons.'" Grognardia. December 2, 2008. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2008/12/above-ground-dungeons.html> Maliszewski, James. "General Rules for Dungeon Designers." Grognardia. March 2, 2021. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2021/03/general-rules-for-dungeon-designers.html> Maliszewski, James. "More OD&D Tidbits." Grognardia. July 22, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/07/more-od-tidbits.html> Maliszewski, James. "Old School Dungeon Design Guidelines." Grognardia. February 20, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/02/old-school-dungeon-design-guidelines.html> Maliszewski, James. "The Problem with Dungeons." Grognardia. September 14, 2020. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2020/09/the-problem-with-dungeons.html> Melan. "Dungeon layout, map flow and old school game design." EN World. July 15, 2006. <https://www.enworld.org/threads/dungeon-layout-map-flow-and-old-school-game-design.168563/> Spalding, Oakes. "The Dungeon as Mythic Underworld." Save Versus All Wands. May 31, 2017. <https://saveversusallwands.blogspot.com/2017/05/the-dungeon-as-mythic-underworld.html> Zenopus. "Gygax's Dungeon Level from Hall of Many Panes." Zenopus Archives. December 11, 2017. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2017/12/gygaxs-dungeon-level-from-hall-of-many.html> Zenopus. "Gygaxian Two-Way Secret Doors." Zenopus Archives. February 13, 2020. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2020/02/gygaxian-two-way-secret-doors.html> Edition comparisons Claveau, Dominic. "3 Reasons why D&D 5e is good but not great." Anadiel's Black Book. July 22, 2020. <https://anadielblackbook.wordpress.com/2020/07/22/3-reasons-why-dd-5e-is-good-but-not-great/> Collins, Daniel R. "3E Feats Have One Flaw." Delta's D&D Hotspot. October 10, 2008. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2008/10/3e-feats-have-one-flaw.html> Cone, Jason. "Philotomy's Musings." Classic Edition Fantasy Resources. 2007. <https://www.grey-elf.com/philotomy.pdf> Jacobs, Jonathan. "10 House Rules to Make Grognards Like 4th Edition Dungeons & Dragons." The Core Mechanic. March 17, 2009. <https://thecoremechanic.blogspot.com/2009/03/10-house-rules-to-make-grognards-like.html> Jacobs, Jonathan. "The Pros of the New 'D&D Encounters' from Wizards of the Coast." The Core Mechanic. January 29, 2010. <https://thecoremechanic.blogspot.com/2010/01/pros-of-new-d-encounters-from-wizards.html> Maliszewski, James. "Adventure Planning à la Mentzer." Grognardia. November 20, 2020. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2020/11/adventure-planning-la-mentzer.html> Maliszewski, James. "Hit Points: OD&D vs Greyhawk." Grognardia. November 12, 2020. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2020/11/hit-points-od-vs-greyhawk.html> Maliszewski, James. "Kiddie D&D." Grognardia. March 16, 2010. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2010/03/kiddie-d.html> Maliszewski, James. "On the Loss of D&D's Endgame." Grognardia. March 27, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/03/on-loss-of-d-endgame.html> Maliszewski, James. "Save or Die, Part III." Grognardia. July 9, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/07/save-or-die-part-iii.html> Maliszewski, James. "The Enduring Appeal of Basic D&D." Grognardia. January 18, 2021. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2021/01/the-enduring-appeal-of-basic-d.html> Maliszewski, James. "What's the Point of Ability Scores? (Part I)." Grognardia. May 14, 2021. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2021/05/whats-point-of-ability-scores-part-i.html>

GDQ1–7: Queen of the Spiders Bailey, R. Nelson. "Origins of the Drow in Dungeons & Dragons." Dungeoneers Guild Games. November 30, 2019. <https://www.dungeoneersguildgames.com/single-post/2019/11/30/origins-of-the-drow-in-dungeons-dragons> Bloch, Joseph. "Lolth and the Keys." Greyhawk Grognard. October 5, 2019. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2019/10/05/lolth-and-the-keys/> Bloch, Joseph. "Lolth in 'Vault of the Drow.'" Greyhawk Grognard. July 13, 2017. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2017/07/13/lolth-in-vault-of-drow/> Bloch, Joseph. "More on Eclavdra's Motives." Greyhawk Grognard. July 29, 2017. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2017/07/29/more-on-eclavdras-motives/> Bloch, Joseph. "The Elder Elemental God and the Hill Giants." Greyhawk Grognard. December 3, 2017. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2017/12/03/the-elder-elemental-god-and-hill-giants/> Bloch, Joseph. "Thoughts on the Elder Elemental God." Greyhawk Grognard. June 10, 2008. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2008/06/10/thoughts-on-elder-elemental-god/> Bloch, Joseph. "Thoughts on the Frost and Fire Giants (and Stone Giants, too!)." Greyhawk Grognard. December 5, 2017. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2017/12/05/thoughts-on-frost-and-fire-giants-and/> Collins, Daniel R. "D-Series Map Mysteries." Delta's D&D Hotspot. May 1, 2014. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2014/05/d-series-map-mysteries.html> Collins, Daniel R. "More Drow Tactics (Module D1)." Delta's D&D Hotspot. June 17, 2013. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2013/06/more-drow-tactics-module-d1.html> Collins, Daniel R. "More on Gygax's Drow." Delta's D&D Hotspot. April 25, 2013. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2013/04/more-on-gygaxs-drow.html>

Monsters Bailey, R. Nelson. "Appendix N Connection: The Origin of Shadows in the D&D Game." Dungeoneers Guild Games. April 1, 2020. <https://www.dungeoneersguildgames.com/single-post/2020/04/01/appendix-n-connection-the-origin-of-shadows-in-the-dd-game> Collins, Daniel R. "Ghouls Through the Ages." Delta's D&D Hotspot. March 5, 2012. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2012/03/back-from-dead.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Mummies Through the Ages." Delta's D&D Hotspot. October 30, 2017. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2017/10/mummies-through-ages.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Wraiths Through the Ages." Delta's D&D Hotspot. March 9, 2012. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2012/03/wraiths-through-ages.html> Jacobs, Jonathan. "Extending Gygaxian Naturalism I (or Directed Graph Theory for Monster Ecology)." The Core Mechanic. October 3, 2008. <https://thecoremechanic.blogspot.com/2008/10/extending-gygaxian-naturalism-i-or.html> Maliszewski, James. "Alternate Humanoids." Grognardia. October 19, 2020. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2020/10/alternate-humanoids.html> Maliszewski, James. "Early Pictorial History of the Drow." Grognardia. June 19, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/06/early-pictorial-history-of-drow.html> Maliszewski, James. "Gygaxian 'Naturalism.'" Grognardia. September 4, 2008. <http://grognardia.blogspot.com/2008/09/gygaxian-naturalism.html> Maliszewski, James. "The Original Monster." Grognardia. October 7, 2020. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2020/10/the-original-monster.html> Paul. "Oozes through the Ages: Gray Ooze." Paul's Gameblog. December 21, 2011. <https://www.paulsgameblog.com/2011/12/21/oozes-through-the-ages-gray-ooze/> Rients, Jeff. "The Incomplete Pictorial History of the Bulette." Jeffs Gameblog. November 17, 2005. <https://jrients.blogspot.com/2005/11/incomplete-pictorial-history-of.html> Smith, Bret. "Monstrous Discussions: What is an Orc?" The Grumblin' Grognard. December 30, 2008. <https://grumblingrognard.blogspot.com/2008/12/monstrous-discussions-what-is-orc.html> Smolensk, Alexis. "Changes in Experience." The Tao of D&D. January 22, 2009. <https://tao-dnd.blogspot.com/2009/01/changes-in-experience.html> Zenopus. "Gygaxian Orc Tribes." Zenopus Archives. October 4, 2016. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2016/10/gygaxian-orc-tribes.html> Zenopus. "Ochre Jelly Inspiration?" Zenopus Archives. August 29, 2018. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2018/08/ochre-jelly-inspiration.html> Published settings and setting elements Bloch, Joseph. "End-Game Implications." Greyhawk Grognard. April 6, 2010. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2010/04/06/end-game-implications/> Bloch, Joseph. "Greyhawk Design Principles." Greyhawk Grognard. September 3, 2018. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2018/09/03/greyhawk-design-principles/> Bloch, Joseph. "Greyhawk through the Ages." Greyhawk Grognard. April 15, 2014. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2014/04/15/greyhawk-through-ages/> Collins, Daniel R. "On Money." Delta's D&D Hotspot. March 30, 2010. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2010/03/on-money.html> Collins, Daniel R. "The Fallible Fiend." Delta's D&D Hotspot. April 10, 2017. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2017/04/the-fallible-fiend.html> DHBoggs. "Fitting the Great Kingdom onto the Flanaess." Hidden in Shadows. September 2020. <https://boggswood.blogspot.com/2020/09/fitting-great-kingdom-onto-flanaesse.html> DHBoggs. "How Big is Blackmoor?" Hidden in Shadows. May 2021. <https://boggswood.blogspot.com/2021/05/how-big-is-blackmoor.html> DHBoggs. "Mapping Greyhawk on Blackmoor." Hidden in Shadows. September 2019. <https://boggswood.blogspot.com/2019/09/mapping-greyhawk-on-blackmoor.html> DHBoggs. "Was Original Blackmoor a Greyhawk Campaign?" Hidden in Shadows. May 2020. <https://boggswood.blogspot.com/2020/05/was-original-blackmoor-greyhawk-campaign.html> Maliszewski, James. "Gygax's Inner Planes." Grognardia. May 7, 2021. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2021/05/gygaxs-inner-planes.html> Maliszewski, James. "The Implicit Christianity of Early Gaming." Grognardia. December 23, 2008. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2008/12/implicit-christianity-of-early-gaming.html> Maliszewski, James. "The OD&D Planes." Grognardia. December 23, 2008. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2008/12/od-planes.html> Maliszewski, James. "When Does D&D Take Place?" Grognardia. December 1, 2020. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2020/12/when-does-d-take-place.html> Rients, Jeff. "in defense of bog standard fantasy." Jeffs Gameblog. September 22, 2006. <https://jrients.blogspot.com/2006/09/in-defense-of-bog-standard-fantasy.html> Rients, Jeff. "Languages in AD&D." Jeffs Gameblog. November 9, 2008. <https://jrients.blogspot.com/2008/11/languages-in-ad.html> Rients, Jeff. "The Two Types of Fantasy Campaign." Jeffs Gameblog. October 4, 2005. <https://jrients.blogspot.com/2005/10/two-types-of-fantasy-campaign.html> Schick, Lawrence. "The 'Known World' D&D Setting: A Secret History." Black Gate. February 7, 2015. <https://www.blackgate.com/2015/02/07/the-known-world-dd-setting-a-secret-history/> Timrod. "Olde Greyhawke Mappe." Cave of the Dice Chucker. June 22, 2016. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2016/06/olde-greyhawke.html> Zenopus. "Locations for the Tomb of Horrors on the Great Kingdom Map." Zenopus Archives. October 26, 2018. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2018/10/locations-for-tomb-of-horrors-on-great.html> Zenopus. "Megarry's Copy of the Great Kingdom Map." Zenopus Archives. February 2, 2017. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2017/02/megarrys-copy-of-great-kingdom-map.html> Zenopus. "The City in the Lake of Unknown Depths." Zenopus Archives. December 8, 2016. <https://zenopusarchives.blogspot.com/2016/12/the-city-in-lake-of-unknown-depths.html> Racism in D&D Barber, Graeme. "Decolonization and Integration in D&D." POCGamer. February 8, 2019. <https://pocgamer.com/2019/08/02/decolonization-and-integration-in-dd/> Garcia, Antero. "Privilege, Power, and Dungeons & Dragons: How Systems Shape Racial and Gender Identities in Tabletop Role-Playing Games." Mind, Culture, and Activity, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2017), pp. 232–246. Ghouse, Basheer. "The Truth of Colonialism in D&D." Fear The Swarth. February 28, 2020. <https://feartheswarth.wordpress.com/2020/02/28/the-truth-of-colonialism-in-dd/> Hoffer, Christian. "Why Orcs Are Problematic in Dungeons & Dragons." Comic Book. April 27, 2020. <https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/dungeons-and-dragons-orcs-racist/> Jemisin, N. K. "From the Mailbag: The Unbearable Baggage of Orcing." Epiphany 2.0. February 13, 2013. <https://nkjemisin.com/2013/02/from-the-mailbag-the-unbearable-baggage-of-orcing/> Mendez Hodes, James. "Orcs, Britons, and the Martial Race Myth, Part I: A Species Built for Racial Terror." James Mendez Hodes. January 14, 2019. <https://jamesmendezhodes.com/blog/2019/1/13/orcs-britons-and-the-martial-race-myth-part-i-a-species-built-for-racial-terror> Mendez Hodes, James. "Orcs, Britons, and the Martial Race Myth, Part II: They're Not Human." James Mendez Hodes. June 30, 2019. <https://jamesmendezhodes.com/blog/2019/6/30/orcs-britons-and-the-martial-race-myth-part-ii-theyre-not-human> Olavsrud, Thor. "D&D, Torchbearer and Colonialism." Torchbearer. March 5, 2020. <https://www.torchbearerrpg.com/?p=905> Sturtevant, Paul B. "Race: the Original Sin of the Fantasy Genre." The Public Medievalist. December 5, 2017. <https://www.publicmedievalist.com/race-fantasy-genre/> Trammel, Aaron. "How Dungeons & Dragons Appropriated the Orient." Analog Game Studies. January 11, 2016. <https://analoggamestudies.org/2016/01/how-dungeons-dragons-appropriated-the-orient/>

Spells and spellcasting Bloch, Joseph. "Aaron Uses His Staff of the Serpent…" Greyhawk Grognard. April 22, 2011. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2011/04/22/aaron-uses-his-staff-of-serpen/> Collins, Daniel R. "Fireball Missing Area." Delta's D&D Hotspot. September 21, 2011. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2011/09/fireball-missing-area.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Spells Through the Ages – Damage Types." Delta's D&D Hotspot. August 9, 2012. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2012/08/spells-through-ages-damage-types.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Spells Through the Ages – Fireball." Delta's D&D Hotspot. July 25, 2011. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2011/07/spells-through-ages-fireball.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Spells Through the Ages – Levels." Delta's D&D Hotspot. May 7, 2010. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2010/05/spells-through-ages-levels.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Spells Through the Ages – Lightning Bolt." Delta's D&D Hotspot. August 1, 2011. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2011/08/spells-through-ages-lightning-bolt.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Vancian Magic is Mathematics." Delta's D&D Hotspot. April 16, 2020. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2020/04/vancian-magic-is-mathematics.html> DHBoggs. "Cleric Magic." Hidden in Shadows. July 2017. <https://boggswood.blogspot.com/2012/07/cleric-magic.html> Paul. "Spells Through the Ages: Cure Light Wounds." Paul's Gameblog. November 19, 2010. <https://www.paulsgameblog.com/2010/11/19/spells-through-the-ages-cure-light-wounds/> T1–4: Temple of Elemental Evil Bloch, Joseph. "DMing into the Depths of the Oerth, Part III 1/2." Greyhawk Grognard. July 13, 2008. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2008/07/13/dming-into-depths-of-oerth-part-iii-12/> Bloch, Joseph. "More on the Temple of Elemental Evil." Greyhawk Grognard. April 20, 2014. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2014/04/20/more-on-temple-of-elemental-evi/> Bloch, Joseph. "The Egg and I." Greyhawk Grognard. June 17, 2017. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2017/06/17/the-egg-and-i/> Bloch, Joseph. "Thoughts on Q2." Greyhawk Grognard. July 2, 2016. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2016/07/02/thoughts-on-q2/> Bloch, Joseph. "Was Zuggtmoy's Prison a Temple of the Eye?" Greyhawk Grognard. February 12, 2020. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2020/02/12/was-zuggtmoys-prison-a-temple-of-the-eye/> Collins, Daniel R. "Wandering Hommlet." Delta's D&D Hotspot. May 27, 2019. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2019/05/wandering-hommlet.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Welcome to the Temple of Elemental Evil." Delta's D&D Hotspot. July 1, 2016. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2016/07/welcome-to-temple-of-elemental-evil.html> Drexlorn. "Drexlorn's Temple of Elemental Evil Research Project." Dragonsfoot. August 24, 2012. <https://www.dragonsfoot.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=33&t=57795> Maliszewski, James. "Retrospective: The Temple of Elemental Evil." Grognardia. October 28, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/10/retrospective-temple-of-elemental-evil.html> Maliszewski, James. "Retrospective: The Village of Hommlet." Grognardia. October 1, 2008. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2008/10/retrospective-village-of-hommlet.html> Scott. "Lolth and the Temple of Elemental Evil." Doomsday Message Boards. July 24, 2004. <https://doomsdaygames.proboards.com/thread/155> Timrod. "Back to the Moathouse: Lareth was a Paladin!" Cave of the Dice Chucker. September 14, 2011. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2011/09/back-to-moathouse-lareth-was-paladin.html> Timrod. "Demographics of Hommlet: the Spreadsheet." Cave of the Dice Chucker. August 27, 2020. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2020/08/demographics-of-hommlet-spreadsheet.html> Timrod. "DMG Sample Dungeon Part 4: Cult of the Fiery Eye or Palimpsest of Hommlet." Cave of the Dice Chucker. February 13, 2012. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2012/02/dmg-sample-dungeon-part-4-cult-of-fiery.html> Timrod. "Hommlet: Heart of a Village." Cave of the Dice Chucker. February 28, 2013. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2013/02/hommlet-heart-of-village.html> Timrod. "Moathouse Monday: Structural matters." Cave of the Dice Chucker. September 17, 2012. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2012/09/moathouse-monday-structural-matters.html> Timrod. "The Loquaciosness of Hommlet." Cave of the Dice Chucker. November 3, 2016. <https://unfrozencavemandicechucker.blogspot.com/2016/11/the-loquaciosness-of-hommlet.html> Wargaming Blacow, Glenn. "Aspects of Adventure Gaming." Different Worlds, Vol. 10 (October 1980). Collins, Daniel R. "A Compilation of D&D Miniature Scales." Delta's D&D Hotspot. November 7, 2011. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2011/11/compilation-of-d-miniature-scales.html> Collins, Daniel R. "Critiques of Chainmail." Delta's D&D Hotspot. December 19, 2008. <https://deltasdnd.blogspot.com/2008/12/critiques-of-chainmail.html> Maliszewski, James. "1972 Gygax Article." Grognardia. December 2, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/12/1972-gygax-article.html> Maliszewski, James. "A Father of Miniatures Wargaming?" Grognardia. January 25, 2021. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2021/01/a-father-of-miniatures-wargaming.html> Maliszewski, James. "The Miniatures Heritage of OD&D." Grognardia. October 13, 2009. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2009/10/miniatures-heritage-of-od.html> Maliszewski, James. "Wargaming and RPGs in Boys' Life." Grognardia. March 18, 2021. <https://grognardia.blogspot.com/2021/03/wargaming-and-rpgs-in-boys-life.html> Rustic313. "US Naval War College Museum: Wargaming Exhibits." Original D&D Discussion. January 7, 2019. <https://odd74.proboards.com/thread/13356/naval-college-museum-wargaming-exhibits> WG4: Forgotten Temple of Tharizdun Bloch, Joseph. "Thoughts on The Forgotten Temple of Tharizdun." Greyhawk Grognard. April 12, 2018. <http://www.greyhawkgrognard.com/2018/04/12/thoughts-on-forgotten-temple-of/> Kasparian, Michael. "22 Questions on Tharizdun." Greyhawk Codex. <https://web.archive.org/web/20001013011548/http://www.greyhawk-codex.com/codex/greyhawk/religion/tharizdunq.htm> Ross, David. "Tharizdun." The House of Zimri. September 29, 1999. <https://web.archive.org/web/20011125054818/http://home.att.net/~david.r.ross/NightBelow/tharizdun.html> Scottsz. "Cold Text File WG4 - Afterword." Lord of the Green Dragons. May 23, 2010. <https://lordofthegreendragons.blogspot.com/2010/05/cold-text-file-wg4-afterword.html> Scottsz. "WG4-1: A Suspicious Introduction." Cold Text Files. May 3, 2011. <https://web.archive.org/web/20110813202540/http://coldtextfiles.blogspot.com/2011/05/wg4-part-1.html>

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nuadox · 5 years ago

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Environmental DNA in rivers: A novel tool for detecting wildlife communities

- By Nuadox Crew -

Ecologists in England and Scotland, collaborating with ecologists Christopher Sutherland and Joseph Drake at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, reported this week on a novel framework for identifying an "entire community of mammals" (including elusive and endangered species that are otherwise difficult to monitor, by collecting DNA from river water).

"Some mammal species are notoriously difficult to monitor," says environmental conservation Ph.D. student Drake. He adds that traditional survey methods are often tailored to a specific species, and therefore don't guarantee the detection of many other important species that are also present. Camera traps have improved the way conservation scientists study wildlife, but environmental DNA (eDNA) methods may offer a monitoring tool that could revolutionize conservation and ecology research, Sutherland adds, but the method required testing.

He adds, "We knew the potential of eDNA was massive, but when it comes to conservation, it is extremely important that we validate new approaches, and that's what we set out to do in this study." Details of their international collaborative work are in the Journal of Applied Ecology.

Naiara Sales of the University of Salford, U.K. and UMass's Drake led this study, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Tromsø, Norway, the universities of Aberdeen, Hull and Sheffield, and Liverpool John Moores University in the U.K. The research takes advantage of the fact that DNA shed from animals, either directly in the water or washed into the river, provides a snapshot of the local mammal community.

Mammologist Allan McDevitt of the University of Salford points out, "We currently use many ways of detecting and monitoring mammals, from looking for signs such as footprints or feces, to using camera traps to take photos of them over several weeks. Now, we may just simply need to collect a few bottles of water and take it to the laboratory and look at the DNA we find."

To test this, the researchers collected water and sediment from streams and rivers in Scotland and England. They found DNA from over 20 wild British mammals and compared the results to historical records, field signs such as fecal samples and cameras. They report that eDNA "provided a similar or better performance in detecting water voles, for example, when compared to looking for water voles using field signs or cameras."

They add that accurately assessing the conservation status and distribution of mammals is increasingly important as many species' populations decline worldwide. Further, surveys using traps, trail cameras and fields signs are time-consuming and costly.

Collaborators for several studies, McDevitt's group, collaborating with Sutherland's group at UMass Amherst, as well as at the universities of Aberdeen and Hull, now believe that using water bodies is an effective way of capturing all the mammals present within a watershed. McDevitt says, "We are always looking for ways to improve biodiversity assessments and monitoring, and we need to find methods which can be applied universally and cost-effectively."

He adds, "We have demonstrated that environmental DNA collected from water bodies is effective for providing us with information about the presence or absence of mammals of conservation concern. This could be used at national levels for monitoring declining or recovering populations, or the early detection of harmful invasive species."

Source: University of Massachusetts Amherst