People have reported seeing Joro spiders across much of the eastern U.S., including in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Kentucky Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland and Ohio. New York happens to be "right in the middle of where they like to be," University of Georgia researcher Andy Davis told The New York Times in December. He believes the spiders could pop up across New York and neighboring states this summer – aka any day now.
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The arachnids are venomous, but Coyle says that they do not pose a danger to humans. That venom, he said, is reserved for the critters that get caught up in their webs, including butterflies, wasps and cockroaches. They could also pose a threat to native spiders.
"We have no evidence that they've done any damage to a person or a pet," he said.
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Are 'Giant, Flying' Joro Spiders Really Taking Over The U.S.?
The Black-and-Yellow Arachnids Are Making Headlines Again, But Scientists Say Not To Be Alarmed.
— By Jason Bittel | June 06, 2024
A Female Joro Spider tends her web in Oconee County, Georgia, in 2021. Photograph By David Coyle, Clemson University
Joro spiders are in the news again, and judging by the headlines, everyone is doomed.
“Giant venomous flying spiders… heading to New York area,” says CBS News. “East Coast braces for invasion of palm-sized venomous spiders capable of flying,” echoes Fox Weather. And The Guardian calls the arachnids “gag-inducing."
Of course, the scientists who study these animals, which are native to Asia, say such descriptions are misleading at best.
Floyd Shockley, an entomologist and collections manager at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., says he’s “mortified” by some of the sensationalist headlines. “There’s no evidence that they’ve made it to New York.”
While it’s true that joro spiders arrived in Georgia in 2014 by unknown means and can survive in the United States, their colonization of the continent isn't exactly imminent. So far, the spiders have been seen in Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Oklahoma, with a few tiny satellite populations in places such as Maryland.
For instance, a recent Gothamist article describes the spiders as having “a body about four inches long and legs that span six to eight inches—about the size of a human hand.”
“That is completely ridiculous,” says Shockley. “You’d have to stretch this thing out like a medieval torture device to get [its legs] even four inches, let alone six inches.”
What’s more, at this time of the year, every joro spider in the U.S. is no larger than a grain of rice. Adults die each winter, with eggs hatching in the spring and starting the cycle anew.
With so much misinformation afoot, let’s take a look at some of the other claims circulating online.
Joro Spiders are known to weave exceptional large webs. In this case, a Joro Spider web was strong enough to support a perching cardinal. Photograph By Arty Schronce
Can Joro Spiders Fly?
“The way those headlines are written, it makes it sound like they’re the monkeys in the Wizard of Oz,” says David Coyle an assistant professor and invasive species expert at Clemson University.
In truth, none of the large adult joro often pictured in news stories are capable of flight. However, as spiderlings, joro and many other spiders can take to the skies in a common dispersal process called ballooning.
“Right after they hatch, the little hatchlings may be the size of a sesame seed,” says Coyle. “Some of them will get up high and they’ll raise their abdomen. They’ll put a few strands of silk out, and some of them will get carried away by the wind.”
“I hate to tell people, but every spring, there’s probably thousands of little spiders ballooning over your head, and people have no idea it’s happening.”
As for their "flying" to new states, Shockley says "they have expanded their range, but it's not surprising for an introduced species in 10 years to have moved, you know, a state."
He adds "we still don't really know anything about how they would [survive] northeastern winters, because obviously they're not there yet."
This Spider Web is Strong Enough For A Bird To Sit On, A Scientific First! The newly recorded behavior could mean the Jorō Spider, An Invasive Species, can provide a small but positive benefit to other wildlife. A massive Joro spider web glistens in backlight sunshine in a Georgia backyard. Photograph By Bluiz60, Alamy Stock Photo
Are Joro Spiders Venomous?
This is actually a bit of a trick question, since "spiders are predators and use venom to capture their prey,” says Shockley.
This means that nearly every spider on Earth is venomous, save for two small spider families that have lost the ability to produce venom.
The real question is whether an animal is venomous in a way that could harm people. For U.S. spiders, that is an incredibly small category that includes black widows and brown recluses—not joros, whose venom is non-toxic to people, he says.
In fact, the few reports of joros biting people suggest it’s like something between the itchy irritation of a mosquito bite and the pain of a bee sting.
These Non-Native Arachnids (pictured, a female) prefer to build their yellow-tinted webs high off the ground. Photograph By Malcom Fairman, Alamy
Are Joro Spiders Aggressive?
Despite being relatively large and brightly colored, the joro spider is kind of a pushover.
“Based on my research, they’re really shy,” says Andy Davis, a research scientist at the University of Georgia. “If you leave them alone, they’ll leave you alone, and you can both go about your business.”
In a 2023 study published in the journal Arthropoda, Davis found that when threatened with a puff of air, native spiders froze for about 96 seconds before resuming their spiderly duties.
Joro spiders, on the other hand, didn’t move again for more than an hour, making them the most timid arachnids on record. (Read more: “Turns out that huge spider invading the U.S. is incredibly ... shy?”)
“I have held joro spiders dozens of times,” adds Coyle, who has never been bitten. “My kids have held them. They’re typically very docile.”
"They’re just big and scary-looking to a lot of people, but that doesn’t necessarily mean they’re mean or have malevolent or malicious intent.”
The Truth About Joro Spiders
However unwelcome joro spiders are in the U.S., some experts say it’s time to get used to their new neighbors.
“This is a tough sell,” says Davis, “but maybe, instead of trying to do away with them, people should just maybe sort of learn to live with them. Because their spread is exponential at this point. Like, there’s millions upon millions of them.”
As far as their impact to the environment, it's likely a mixed bag. Joros eat other invasive species, including brown marmorated stink bugs and spotted lanternflies. However, there's also evidence they're outcompeting native spider species.
Even so, Coyle doesn’t see much reason to kill them on sight.
“If it sparks joy, smash them,” he says. “Are you going to do any measurable impact whatsoever to the population? No, you’re not.”
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First came the spotted lanternflies, then the cicadas — and now, the spiders? The Northeast U.S. is bracing for an invasion of giant venomous spiders with 4-inch-long legs that can parachute through the air.
Earlier this year, New Jersey Pest Control warned of the incoming spiders, saying Joro spiders will be "hard to miss" as females have a leg span of up to 4 inches and are known for their vibrant yellow and grey bodies.
"What sets them apart, however, is their ability to fly, a trait uncommon among spiders," the company said. "While not accurate flight in the avian sense, Joro spiders utilize a technique known as ballooning, where they release silk threads into the air, allowing them to be carried by the wind."
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AREN’T YOU A LITTLE YOUNG TO BE A HORRIFIC ABOMINATION?
Tarantulas and Tarantulus-- inseparable, interwoven, two sides of a coin, and yet--
Which spider came first, the thread or the needle?
In truth, Tarantulus has always been Tarantulus, the Unfathomable; born a youkai but finding himself to be more comfortable in the darker corners of mortal New York, making use of both his size-shifting abilities and the skills his mother-- who he only knew as Joro-- taught him when he was a sling to wrap the unsuspecting in his webs and drag them away from the light. (It was too easy to fall in with the Baron, too easy by far.)
Dr. Aranea Mesothulas, on the other hand, had once been human. Or as human as she could be; wickedly brilliant, her scientific progress came at the price of her health and stability. Though she officially studied bioengineering, it wasn’t hard to dabble in a little bit of everything, from genetic modification to splicing to cloning...
Such a pair they made, a mirror reflecting an endless, horrifying hunger.
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