#jodo shinshu

[engagedpureland]

Trans President of the American Buddhist Study Center Tells Her Life Story

Pure Land Buddhist Hoshina Seki was raised by a missionary monk in New York City. As she aged, she came to understand that she was trans. With the support of her local temple and the national Buddhist Churches of America, she transitioned to more fully become herself. She continues her role as president of the American Buddhist Study Center.

"How grateful I am to have been born into a Jodo Shinshu family. Never doubting my faith was my life’s constant denominator. When I finally came out, my temple Sangha members welcomed me. Most temples have a couple of ladies who are the unsung heroes. They cook, clean, care for the resident minister’s needs, and visit the sick. One such hero is Ruth Funai; she was there for me before and after my surgery. Dr. Gordon Bermant and his wife Geri visited while I was recovering. I will never forget all the other people and temple ladies who helped me."

[pure-land]

Suggested Further Readings Jodo-Shinshu;

Bloom, Alfred. Life of Shinran Shonin: The Journey to Self-Acceptance. 1968. Reprint. Berkeley: Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1994. 80 pp. One of the earliest treatment of Shinran’s life in English by a Western scholar. Scholastic in nature but this monograph can be enjoyed by non-specialists. The author raises many intriguing questions, for example, 1) why did Shinran enter the monastery, 2) why did he leave, 3) what were the specific charges against him, and 4) what prompted his return to Kyoto.

Bloom, Alfred. Shinran’s Gospel of Pure Grace. Tucson: The Univ. of Arizona Press, 1965. 95 pp. The first systematic and “theological” treatment on Shin- ran by a Western scholar. Extremely popular in college classrooms and still in print after thirty years.

Bloom, Alfred. Tannisho: Resource for Modern Living. Honolulu: The Buddhist Study Center, 1981. 102 pp. Explains the most important chapters that illumine the heart of Shinshu teaching from the perspective of modern issues and concerns. Re- cently it was republished as Strategies for Modern Living by the Numata Center for Buddhist Re- search and Translation with a new translation of the Tannisho.

Bloom, Alfred. Shoshinge: The Heart of Shin Buddhism. Hawaii: Buddhist Study Center Press, 1986. 107 pp. A commentary on the set of poetic verses expressing Shinran’s indebtedness to his spiritual masters and one which has played a central role in the Shinshu liturgical tradition; contains an Eng- lish translation of the verses by T. Nagatani and R. Tabrah.

Dobbins, James C. Jodo Shinshu: Shin Buddhism in Medieval Japan. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1989. 242 pp. An excellent his- torical treatment of the development of Shinshu institutions from Shinran to Rennyo. This book, in particular, fills “gaps” in previous scholarship in two areas: 1) contributions of Kakwnyo (third abbot) and his son Zonkaku and 2) developments of the other Shinshu branches. The discussion of doctrinal heresy offers an innovative and insightful approach to our understanding of doctrine and its historical evolution.

Fujimoto, Ryukyo. Shin Buddhism’s Essence: The Tannisho — Prof. Ryukyo Fujimoto’s Translation, with Extracts from His Writings as Commentary. Edited by Tetsuo Unno. Los Angeles: Prof. Ryukyo Fujimoto Memorial Publication Ad Hoc Committee,148 pp. Contains the author’s translation of The Tannisho and a collection of brief essays on Shinshu doctrinal and historical topics. The book provides a glimpse into a respected scholar and teacher who inspired many of the Shinshu teachers in North America. Kakumura, Northiko. Shinran: His Life and Thought. Los Angeles: The Nembutsu Press, 1972. 192 pp. A concise book that introduces Shinran through the main phases of his life. It critically examines the scholarly theories surrounding the areas of con- troversy.

Kiyozawa, Manshi. December Fan: The Buddhist Essays of Manshi Kiyozawa. Trans. and ed. by Nobuo Haneda. Komiyama Printing Co., 98 pp. Kiyozawa (1863-1903) is one of the most pivotal Buddhist leaders in modern Jodo-Shinshu history. Belonging to the Higashi Honganji branch, this progressive priest helped to reform the teach- ings with message that resonated with modern Japan. Nobuo Haneda has translated other worksby teachers of the Higashi branch, notably those of Maida Shuichi (1906-1967), in Heard by Me and The Evil Person. Rogers, Minor L. and Ann T. Rogers. Rennyo: The Second Founder of Shin Buddhism. Berkeley, California: Asian Humanities Press, 1991. 434 pp. A thorough study of the eighth abbot (monshu) of the Hongwanji branch, Rennyo (1415-1499), with a translation of his letters and a discussion and analy- sis of his life and his preeminent role in the devel- opment of the largest Jodo-Shinshu institution.

Ueda, Yoshifumi and Dennis Hirota. Shinran: An Introduction to Hts Thought. Kyoto: Hongwanji Int. Center, 1989. 372 pp. The most comprehensive and systematic presentation so far of Shinran’s thought in a single volume. It places Shinran within the development of Mahayana Buddhist thought. It contains ample translations of key passages from his writings based on major doctrinal themes. Authored by two main translators of the Shin Buddhist Translation Series.

Yamaoka, Seigen. True Pure Land Buddhism: Jodoshinshu: An Introduction. Los Angeles: Pure Land Publications, 1991. 65 pp. Provides a good traditional overview of the major doctrines, supported by appropriate citations from the original sources. Written from within the tradition with emphasis on orthodox doctrine. May prove to be difficult reading for those looking for spiritual edification on an introductory level. Translations of Jodo-Shinshu scriptures Inagaki, Hisao. The Three Pure Land Sutras. Kyoto

[namandabu]

Dharma Listening

One of the most important lessons I have learned from my experience of the Jodo Shinshu tradition is how to listen to the Dharma. I am utterly incapable of doing it properly, however. Still, when I have gleaned insight from it, it is because I could, for even a moment, truly hear what the words of the Dharma are saying.

When we read books, we are not just reading words off a page. We are conceptualizing the meanings of those words in their context on the page through our own lens. We never just read a book. We derive meaning from it by bringing our own biases to the reading.

This isn't always a bad thing. In fact, many creative authors rely on this to subvert the reader, creating an amazing story by tricking us into believing one meaning while communicating another. Authors also grapple with this problem of bringing our biases, and they become skilled at writing according to their audiences in order to facilitate a change of mind in the reader. Such twists and turns are what make reading, as well as other forms of media, fun and intellectually stimulating.

Authors who teach the Dharma must grapple with the same tendencies. And it is often difficult for new readers (like myself) to fully internalize what the author is saying because we either don't understand or don't *want* to understand what they are saying. There have been many times when I read a piece about Buddhism and simply ignored or discarded a line that doesn't suit my sensibilities. An example from Rennyo: "The mind/that even once/relies on Amida: that mind/is in accord/with the true Dharma."

This verse is from Rennyo Shonin's letters (Letter 4, Fascicle 4). It is truly a mind-boggling statement. The idea that such high attainment (being in accord with the true Dharma) is so easy (relying on Amida for a single moment) is hard to believe on its own. Yet it is at the core of Jodo Shinshu: With the one thought-moment of reliance, we are immediately saved by Amida from birth and death and are certain to be reborn in the Pure Land. So why is it so hard to believe?

When I read that line initially, I thought of...laziness. I thought of how such a view is lazy. Surely, this is a teaching for people who do not want to put in the work necessary for enlightenment, I thought to myself. And when I read it now, those thoughts still come up! However, they are also accompanied by a small joy that I have not experienced before. Even though my mind tries to scream and cry to drown the words out, I still "hear" them.

These thoughts come from a mindset that I brought to the text when reading it. In my life, people who don't want to work have been called lazy time and time again. I myself have done this, and I have also been called lazy myself. Growing up, this dichotomy of "lazy" versus "determined" was drilled into me from the cultural norm known as the "protestant work ethic." This is the attachment of value to hard work, especially concerning one's job. American folklore is filled with examples of this, from John Henry and Paul Bunyan to the myth of the self-made millionaire or billionaire in the modern day. But this is antithetical to what Rennyo is saying here, as well as other Jodo Shinshu writers going all the way back to Shinran.

Hearing these lines now, I must confess that I still struggle with this conflicting set of views. But I know that they are true. After all, the goal of a Buddha is to make others like themself: free from attachment and affliction and able to act with perfect wisdom and compassion. The best way to do that is to make a path that is so easy that anyone, regardless of capacity, could complete it. Hence, Amida realized the name and forged his vows to create this easy path.

In my mind, I'm immediately skeptical of shortcuts. And while the Jodo Shinshu path is still difficult in some ways, it is certainly easier. But here, the Buddha is saying, "Come on! I made this shortcut for you! Trust me, and you'll reach the other shore!" And I have to blame only myself and my preconceived biases for being hesitant.

Listening to the Dharma as someone new to Buddhism requires us to put aside our own views as best we can and open our minds to a new way of thinking about the world. Even if we disagree with what it is saying, we will only get the message if we can listen with an open mind. If we project our ideas onto the Dharma, we will just be reading a copy of our own thoughts. It is difficult, however, to put one's ideas aside and listen to something new with an open mind. After all, if detaching from our erroneous views were easy, then there would be no need for the many paths of Buddhism. Therefore, We should be thankful for authors who speak on the Dharma in ways that are designed to bring us to a new mode of thought from our current condition or in a way that is so plain and direct that misinterpretation becomes nearly impossible. I have found that many Jodo Shinshu figures, like Rennyo, Yuien-bo, and Shinran, fall within the latter category. As a result of reading them repeatedly, the walls of my own views are broken down by their straightforward words, which are easy to understand and digest. I cannot help but come to understand them, even when I am at the same time entrenched in my own views. This example is just one concept in Jodo Shinshu that is difficult to internalize, but I am happy to say that, little by little, I'm starting to get it.

[gleaningsinbuddhafields]

Who Dwells In This House?

I’ve been mulling over a certain quotation of Honen (法然, 1133–1212), the 12th century Buddhist monk credited with spreading the Pure Land tradition in Japan, and thus founder of movements such as Jodo-Shu and Jodo-Shinshu: “All of our deeds in the realms of saṃsāra result from ties with the three worldly passions of greed, anger, and ignorance. Understand that when the worldly passions of greed,…

[samurailoveballadhistory]

This situation is obviously exaggerated for drama, so that Mitsuhide’s rebellion didn’t seem like it’s out of nowhere. In reality, Nobunaga doesn’t go this far with Honganji. After he petitioned the court to have Kennyo ousted and all the monks of Honganji evicted, he just left them alone. Kennyo went to retire to a different location, and Nobunaga didn’t bother hunting down every single one of the Honganji temples or believers. 

Surprisingly enough, the one who kind of did this is actually Ieyasu. After the Ikko Ikki of Mikawa rioted, eating up even half of the Tokugawa vassals in 1564, Ieyasu banned the Honganji sect from Mikawa altogether. All the Honganji-affiliated temples in Mikawa had to change into a different denomination or else they’d be punished or even eradicated. This ban on Honganji faith is not lifted until 1583.

Also, this is a mistake that I myself also made previously, but the Honganji sect is not the sole representative of the Jodo Shinshuu faith. As it turns out the Jodo Shinshu had split into at least 3 branches before Kennyo, with Honganji being actually one of the lesser branches at first. In time they grew in prominence and became the biggest one, causing misunderstanding that they’re the sole inheritor of Shinran’s Jodo Shinshuu teachings. 

Realistically speaking, throwing out Honganji doesn’t necessarily mean throwing out the Shinshuu faith entirely. Nobunaga had himself given clemency to some Shinshuu temples in his territories, after they swore that they’re not associated in any way to Honganji or the Ikko Ikki.

The branches don’t even like each other. The Takada branch of the Shinshuu and Honganji had multiple disputes with each other through history, from civil disputes like fighting over whose abbot gets to be awarded the post of the Most Reverend, to even proxy wars through samurai clans. Whichever side’s championed clan rules the land will run the other sect out of the territory and demands those who remained to convert into the other sect.

[bcsfsangha]

Golden Chain II

Sometimes, even in a temple setting, we must remember Buddha's core and fundamental teachings. We recite "The Golden Chain II" often, but it seems to not have engrained or impacted us.

I am a link in the Buddha's golden chain of love that stretches around the world. I must keep my link bright and strong. I will try to be kind and gentle to every living thing and protect all who are weaker than myself. I will try to think pure and beautiful thoughts, to say pure and beautiful words, and to do pure and beautiful deeds, knowing that on what I do now depends not only my happiness or unhappiness, but also that of others. May every link in the Buddha's golden chain of love become bright and strong, and may we all attain perfect peace. Namo Amida Butsu.

[josho-adrian]

The Three Buddha Body (Trikaya) and The Two Buddha Body Doctrine accordi...

[pebblegalaxy]

The Religious Landscape of Japan: From Shinto and Buddhism to Shintoization and Beyond

Japan has a rich religious history that is deeply intertwined with its cultural identity and social norms. In the past, the Japanese people believed in Shinto, a form of animism that emphasized the presence of spirits or kami in natural elements such as rocks, trees, and rivers. However, with the introduction of Buddhism in Japan from China around 500 AD, the religious landscape of Japan began to…

[aerial-jace]

The Kamakura period is such a funny time in the history not only of Buddhism but of religion in general, if you think about it. When else do you get such whacky dudes such as "guy who preaches that all practices other than reciting a guy's name even just once are ineffective at breaking free from the cycle of reincarnation and is shocked, SHOCKED I tell you that people interpret that as permission to abandon all moral discipline" and "guy who thinks the reason so many natural disasters are happening is because people are reading the wrong books from his religion and to remedy that he teaches everyone to repeatedly chant the title of his favorite book in hopes that somehow this will impart the book's wisdom"?

[bobcatmoran]

So a lot of you have probably seen this image from Lahaina, Hawai'i:

And aside from the historic Waiola Church (the triangular roof on fire on the left side of the photo), you might notice that there's another large building on the right side. Those two towers are — or rather, were — part of the Lahaina Hongwanji Mission, one of the earliest Jodo-Shinshu Buddhist temples in Hawai'i, established in 1904.

The main temple building, school, and minister's residence are completely destroyed, as are the homes of many of the temple members.

They're doing an online fundraiser for relief efforts on Maui, which can be accessed here: https://hongwanjihawaii.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Maui-Wildfire-Disaster-Relief-Fund-Drive.pdf

[talonabraxas]

Amitabha “Infinite Light” Talon Abraxas

Amitabha Buddha | Amitayus

The great savior Buddha is known as Amitabha (Sanskrit: “Infinite Light”), also known as Amitayus (“Infinite Life”), Japanese Amida, and Chinese Emituo Fo in Mahayana Buddhism, particularly in the so-called Pure Land sects. According to the Sukhavati-vyuha-sutras, which serve as the foundational texts for the Pure Land sects, a monk by the name of Dharmakara took several vows, the 18th of which stated that upon his attaining Buddhahood, all who had faith in him and invoked his name would be reborn in his paradise and would live there in bliss until they attained enlightenment. Dharmakara ruled as the Buddha Amitabha in the Western Paradise, also known as Sukhavati, the Pure Land, after fulfilling his vows.

In 650 CE, Amitabha’s devotion emerged in China. From there, it went to Japan, where it resulted in the establishment of the Pure Land school and the Real Pure Land school, both of which still have significant followings today. The late Heian era raig paintings of Japan depict Amitabha’s Pure Land and Amitabha descending to welcome the recently deceased in a beautiful way (897–1185).

In Tibet and Nepal, Amitabha is revered as one of the five “self-born” buddhas (dhyani-buddhas) who have existed eternally. Amitabha was never as well-known as a savior figure there as he was in East Asia. In accordance with this theory, he appeared as both the bodhisattva (“buddha-to-be”) Avalokiteshvara and the historical Buddha Gotama. His color is red, his posture is one of meditation (dhyana-mudra), his symbol is a begging bowl, his mount is a peacock, his consort is Pandara, his family is Raga, his element is water, his sacred sound is “ba” or “ah,” his skandha (element of existence) is taste, his sense organ is the tongue, and his place in the body is the mouth.

Amitabha is referred to as Amitayus, or “Infinite Life,” since he bestows a long life. While the two names are frequently used interchangeably in China and Japan, the two forms are never confused in Tibet, where Amitayus is revered in a specific rite in order to live a long life. He is shown holding the ambrosia vase from which the jewels of eternal life spill while sporting ornaments, a crown, and other accessories.

Amitabha Buddha, also known as Amitayus or Amituofo, is a central figure in Mahayana Buddhism. He is considered one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas, along with Akshobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amoghasiddhi, and Vairochana. Amitabha is revered as the Buddha of Infinite Light and Infinite Life. He is believed to have created the Pure Land, a realm of perfect bliss and enlightenment, where beings can be reborn through the power of his grace and merit. This

Pure Land is known as Sukhavati or Dewachen.

The Pure Land tradition of Buddhism is particularly popular in China, Japan, and Korea, where it is known as Jodo, Jodo Shinshu, and Cheontae, respectively. Followers of the Pure Land tradition believe that by chanting Amitabha’s name, they can generate the necessary merit to be reborn in his Pure Land and attain enlightenment.

The name Amitabha means “Infinite Light,” and his image is often depicted with a halo of radiant light surrounding his head. He is also commonly depicted holding a vase, representing the nectar of immortality, and a lotus flower, symbolizing the purity of the Buddha’s teachings. Amitabha’s importance in Mahayana Buddhism is reflected in the fact that he is the focus of numerous sutras and texts, including the Amitabha Sutra and the Infinite Life Sutra. These texts describe the Pure Land in detail, including its geography, inhabitants, and the benefits of being reborn there.

In addition to his role as the Buddha of Infinite Light and Infinite Life, Amitabha is also regarded as a bodhisattva, a being who has chosen to postpone their own enlightenment in order to help others attain liberation from suffering. As such, he is often depicted surrounded by other bodhisattvas, including Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, and Mahasthamaprapta, the bodhisattva of wisdom.

Overall, Amitabha Buddha is an important figure in Mahayana Buddhism, particularly in the Pure Land tradition. His teachings and his Pure Land offer a path to liberation and enlightenment for those who seek it.

Amitabha mantra

(Om Amideva Hrih)

[engagedpureland]

A terrible day for Hawaii and the Buddhist community. The wild fire killed dozens of people and destroyed Lahaina, including the historic and beloved Lahaina Hongwanji Mission (Jodo Shinshu, founded in 1904), Lahaina Jodo Mission (Jodo Shu, founded in 1912), and Lahaina Hokoji Shingon Mission (Shingon Shu, founded in 1902). These three temples have been central places of community, refuge, culture, and support for generations of Japanese Americans and others. The Shingon temple was the first outside of Asia. The Jodo one featured a three-story pagoda (rare outside of Asia) and replica of the famous Amida Daibutsu of Kamakura. The Jodo Shinshu temple sangha is especially large and active for the area, with over 70 member families. Information about how to support the Lahaina Buddhist community in the midst of this tragedy will be forthcoming.

[pure-land]

Il "Kyogyoshinsho" è un importante testo religioso giapponese scritto da Shinran, il fondatore di Jodo Shinshu. È considerato un testo fondamentale per la comprensione della dottrina della Terra Pura. Un titolo di un libro in inglese che parla del "Kyogyoshinsho" potrebbe essere "Introduction to the Kyogyoshinsho: Understanding the Teachings of Shinran".

[namandabu]

You think I'm a good person?

If I were a good person, I would be able to accept the Buddha's wisdom without a shred of doubt.

If I were a good person, I would not delight in poison.

If I were a good person, I would do good selflessly, benefiting friends and enemies alike.

And if I were a good person, I would be free. I am not free.

I'm not a good person. That doesn't mean I'm some kind of serial killer or sociopath, going around manipulating and exploiting people for my own gain. But I live my life selfishly. I do things which should not be done, think things which should not be thought, and say things which should not be said.

It is because of this, not in spite of it, that Amida's Vow is the only path for me. I will not accomplish the Buddha Way. I cannot make the Bodhisattva Vows honestly, knowing I won't fulfill them. And this is precisely what makes me the target of the Vow. It actually makes it EASIER to go to the Pure Land because the Path of Birth Through the Nembutsu is designed that way. Shinran states "Even a good person can make it to the Pure Land. How much easier it is for the evil person to get there!"

My karma is heavy. I regret myself. Namu Amida Butsu.

[gleaningsinbuddhafields]

The Three Pure Land Sutras

While writing a recent blog post, I realized that I had mentioned, but never explained, what the Three Pure Land Sutras are in the Buddhist tradition, and their significance to Mahayana Buddhism as a whole. Think of this as a handy reference post. I haven’t done one of these in a while. 😊 The Buddhist Canon When you think of most world religions, they are usually based on one or two books.…

[shinsengumi-archives]

The Shinsengumi and Religion

The information from the Ishida village census opened my eyes to the fact that in addition to belonging to different schools of swordsmanship, all members of the Shinsengumi belonged to different Buddhist sects, of which there are more than 13 in Japan.

It worked this way: almost from the moment they were born, people were assigned to some temple, and at the very least, they visited it.

But the Japanese are a collective people. For them, belonging to the same clan, the same fencing school, or even having the same character in their names is of great importance :)

And the assortment Buddhist sects also divided people into friends and foes! Especially since the peculiarities of religious movements can leave an imprint on their worldview.

Therefore, I assumed that:

a) Hijikata and Yamanami belonged to different Buddhist sects, and also on this basis they have different views;

b) Yamanami and Okita belonged to the same Buddhist sects;

c) Yamanami's sect is the same as that of the Nishi Honganji monastery. Therefore, he especially cared about the monks and opposed the pressure from the Shinsengumi who wanted to move the headquarters there.

In general, I mostly got it right

In biographies of Shinsengumi members, it's impossible to find information about which Buddhist sect they belonged to, but it could be determined very simply by their places of burial. Again I could only assume this, but in the case of Kondo and Hijikata, it was confirmed to be exactly correct.

Hijikata - Temples: Takahata Fudo (Hino) and Sekiden-ji (Hino), Sect: Shingon

Kondo - Temples: Tenneiji (Aizu) and Ryugenji (Tama), Sect: Soto

Okita - Temples: Senshoji (Tokyo), Sect: Jodo

Yamanami - Temples: Koenji (Mibu, Kyoto), Sect: Jodo

Saito - Temples: Amida-ji (Aizu), Sect: Jodo

Gen-san - Temples: Hosen-ji (Hino), Sect: Rinzai

Todo and Itou - Temples: Koenji (Mibu, Kyoto), reburied in Kaikouji (Kyoto), Sects: Jodo and Shingon

A rather motley crew, but it has a characteristic feature: those who are samurai by birth belonged to the Jodo sect. Although judging by what's written on the Internet, this was not very typical for samurai in general.

As for Hijikata, Takahata Fudo was his family temple, and Sekiden-ji houses his tomb. Both temples belong to the Shingon sect.

With Kondo, it’s interesting: the question of why the very first tombstone to him was erected at Tennei-ji temple in Aizu-Wakamatsu disappears at once. Why on a mountain, which Hijikata was not very comfortable climbing with a wounded leg. Not because this temple is on the way to the hot springs, and not even because the tomb of the Matsudaira family is nearby. It's just that Hijikata-san asked: "Where is the temple of the Soto sect?"

Ryugenji in Tama, the temple of the Kondo Isami family, where his body was buried after the execution, is also of the Soto sect, and this is hardly a coincidence.

Okita and Yamanami belonged to the same religious sect, but Nishi Honganji turned out to be the main temple of a slightly different sect - Jodo Shinshu. But this is also Jodo, only more "true" :)

So for Yamanami, the Nishi Honganji was indeed considered a place of worship, while for Kondo with Hijikata, it was a suitable place for accommodations.

But the Mibu-dera temple generally belongs to the Risshu sect. Serizawa and Hirayama are buried there.

Itou and everyone who was killed in the Aburanokoji Incident are also buried in the same place: Kaikouji. And not even on the actual property of the temple, but behind some kind of fence... They were transferred there from Koenji. I don't know why, I haven't read it yet.

With Nagakura, it's also not entirely clear: one of his graves in Sapporo, Hokkaido, does not seem to be at the temple at all, and the second is near the Jutoku-ji temple in Tokyo. This temple is of the Shingon sect, but there is also a monument to Kondo and all the Shinsengumi, which Nagakura himself erected.

And on top of that, more quality pics of the Shinsengumi sites: portfotolio.net/group/487492@N25

I learned about all sorts of different Buddhist sects only yesterday (before that I had only heard about Zen Buddhism), so I don’t completely understand all this yet, but I understood the main differences.

Shingon is a school of "true words", one of the oldest. Its founder was the monk Kukai, who lived in the Heian period. He is credited with a wide range of achievements in various fields: medicine, poetry, calligraphy, the invention of the syllabic kana alphabet, the compilation of the first dictionary in Japan, etc. The main feature of the Shingon sect is its close connection with Shintoism. In it, Japanese kami are regarded as avatars of various buddhas and bodhisattvas, including Amaterasu, an avatar of the buddha Vairochana. This is esoteric Buddhism - the doctrine of the unity of man, nature and the great all-powerful and all-knowing Buddha Dainichi. The task of man is to reveal in himself the true nature of Dainiti - the Great Sun, and then he can escape from the vicious circle of rebirths and suffering and achieve paradisiacal bliss in nirvana. The details are described here.

Soto is the largest Zen sect in Japan today. Its founder was the monk Dogen, who became acquainted with the teachings of this sect during a trip to China in 1227. Dogen promoted, in his opinion, the only true method of achieving enlightenment - "zazen" (sitting Zen). The zazen practitioner sits with his legs tucked under him and facing the wall so as not to think about anything at all. It's this practice, according to the teachings of the Soto sect, that contributes to a sudden insight that leads to the knowledge of "Buddha's nature." Motto: "Reliance on one's own strength."

Jodo is also called the Pure Land sect. It differs from other Buddhist sects in that liberation from the circle of rebirths in it is achieved not by one's own strength, but through the saving power of another - Buddha Amitabha, which is why it is called the "sect of the forces of another", in contrast to the schools of "own forces". The main form of religious practice of this school is the constant repetition of the mantra "Namu Amida-butsu", which was called "remembrance of the Buddha" (nembutsu) and was considered, with complete faith, the main way of obtaining birth in the Pure Land, the paradise of Buddha Amida.

You can read more about these and other schools here, here or on Wikipedia.

I also found an interesting site, with a large article about the "Religious Views of the Samurai" in seven parts, about seppuku, etc.