#j.r. hamilton

[jeannereames]

I see you talk a lot about historiography! What would you consider the most important development of Alexander’s historiography?

What the Hell is Historiography? (And why you should care)

This question and the next one in the queue are both going to be fun for me. 😊

First, some quick definitions for those who are new to me and/or new to reading history:

Historiography = “the history of the histories” (E.g., examination of the sources themselves rather than the subject of them…a topic that typically incites yawns among undergrads but really fires up the rest of us, ha.)

primary sources = the evidence itself—can be texts, art, records, or material evidence. For ancient history, this specifically means the evidence from the time being studied.

secondary sources = writings by historians using the primary evidence, whether meant for a “regular” audience (non-specialists) or academic discussions with citations, footnotes, and bibliography (sometimes referred to as “full scholarly apparatus”).

For ancient history, we also sometimes get a weird middle category…they’re not modern sources but also not from the time under discussion, might even be from centuries after the fact. Consider the medieval Byzantine “encyclopedia” called the Suda (sometimes Suidas), which contains information from now lost ancient sources, finalized c. 900s CE. To give a comparison, imagine some historian a thousand years from now studying Geoffry Chaucer from the 1300s, using an entry about him in some kid’s 1975 World Book Encyclopedia that contains information that had been lost by his day.

This middle category is especially important for Alexander, since even our primary sources all date hundreds of years after his death. Yes, those writers had access to contemporary accounts, but they didn’t just “cut-and-paste.” They editorialized and selected from an array of accounts. Worse, they rarely tell us who they used. FIVE surviving primary Alexander histories remain, but he’s mentioned in a wide (and I do mean wide) array of other surviving texts. Alas this represents maybe a quarter of what was actually written about him in antiquity.

OKAY, so …

The most important historiographic changes in Alexander studies!

I’m going to pick three, or really two-and-a-half, as the last is an extension of the second.

FIRST …decentering Arrian as the “good” source as opposed to the so-called “vulgate” of Diodoros-Curtius-Justin as “bad” sources.

Many earlier Alexander historians (with a few important exceptions [Fritz Schachermeyr]) considered Arrian to be trustworthy, Plutarch moderately trustworthy if short, and the rest varying degrees of junk. W. W. Tarn was especially guilty of this. The prevalence of his view over Schachermeyr’s more negative one owed to his popularity/ease of reading, and the fact he wrote on Alexander for volume 6 of the first edition (1927) of the Cambridge Ancient History, later republished in two volumes with additions (largely in vol. 2) in 1948 and 1956. Thus, and despite being a lawyer (barrister) not a professional historian, his view dominated Alexander studies in the first half of the 20th century (Burn, Rose, etc.)…and even after. Both Mary Renault and Robin Lane Fox (neither of whom were/are professional historians either), as well as N. G. L. Hammond (with qualifications), show Tarn’s more romantic impact well into the middle of the second half of the 20th century. But you could find it in high school and college textbooks into the 1980s.

The first really big shift (especially in English) came with a pair of articles in 1958 by Ernst Badian: “The Eunuch Bagoas,” Classical Quarterly 8, and “Alexander the Great and the Unity of Mankind,” Historia 7. Both demolished Tarn’s historiography. I’ve talked about especially the first before, but it really WAS that monumental, and ushered in a more source-critical approach to Alexander studies. This also happened to coincide with a shift to a more negative portrait of the conqueror in work from the aforementioned Schachermeyr (reissuing his earlier biography in 1973 as Alexander der Grosse: Das Problem seiner Persönlichtenkeit und seines Wirkens) to Peter Green’s original Alexander of Macedon from Praeger in 1970, reissued in 1991 from Univ. of California-Berkeley. J. R. Hamilton’s 1973 Alexander the Great wasn’t as hostile, but A. B. Bosworth’s 1988 Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great turned back towards a more negative, or at least ambivalent portrait, and his Alexander in the East: The Tragedy of Triumph (1996) was highly critical. I note the latter two, as Bosworth wrote the section on Alexander for the much-revised Cambridge Ancient History vol. 6, 1994, which really demonstrates how the narrative on Alexander had changed.

All this led to an unfortunate kick-back among Alexander fans who wanted their hero Alexander. They clung/still cling to Arrian (and Plutarch) as “good,” and the rest as varying degrees of bad. Some prefer Tarn’s view of the mighty conqueror/World unifier/Brotherhood-of-Mankind proponent, including that He Absolutely Could Not Have Been Queer. Conversely, others are all over the romance of him and Hephaistion, or Bagoas (often owing to Renault or Renault-via-Oliver Stone), but still like the squeaky-nice-chivalrous Alexander of Plutarch and Arrian.

They are very much still around. Quite a few of the former group freaked out over the recent Netflix thing, trotting out Plutarch (and Arrian) to Prove He Wasn’t Queer, and dismissing anything in, say, Curtius or Diodoros as “junk” history. But I also run into it on the other side, with those who get really caught up in all the romance and can’t stand the idea of a vicious Alexander.

It's not necessary to agree with Badian’s (or Green’s or Schachermeyr’s) highly negative Alexander to recognize the importance of looking at all the sources more carefully. Justin is unusually problematic, but each of the other four had a method, and a rationale. And weaknesses. Yes, even Arrian. Arrian clearly trusted Ptolemy to a degree Curtius didn’t. For both of them, it centered on the fact he was a king. I’m going to go with Curtius on this one, frankly.

Alexander is one of the most malleable famous figures in history. He’s portrayed more ways than you can shake a stick at—positive, negative, in-between—and used for political and moral messaging from even before his death in Babylon right up to modern Tik-Tok vids.

He might have been annoyed that Julius Caesar is better known than he is, in the West, but hands-down, he’s better known worldwide thanks to the Alexander Romance in its many permutations. And he, more than Caesar, gets replicated in other semi-mythical heroes. (Arthur, anybody?)

Alfred Heuss referred to him as a wineskin (or bottle)—schlauch, in German—into which subsequent generations poured their own ideas. (“Alexander  der  Große  und  die politische Ideologie  des Altertums,” Antike und Abendland 4, 1954.) If that might be overstating it a bit, he’s not wrong.

Who Alexander was thus depends heavily on who was (and is) writing about him.

And that’s why nuanced historiography with regard to the Alexander sources is so important. It’s also why there will never be a pop presentation that doesn’t infuriate at least a portion of his fanbase. That fanbase can’t agree on who he was because the sources that tell them about him couldn’t agree either.

SECOND …scholarship has moved away from an attempt to find the “real” Alexander towards understanding the stories inside our surviving histories and their themes. A biography of Alexander is next to impossible (although it doesn’t stop most of us from trying, ha). It’s more like a “search” for Alexander, and any decent history of his career will begin with the sources. And their problems.

This also extends to events. I find myself falling in the middle between some of my colleagues who genuinely believe we can get back to “what happened,” and those who sorta throw up their hands and settle on “what story the sources are telling us, and why.” Classic Libra. 😉

As frustrating as it may sound, I’m afraid “it depends” is the order of the day, or of the instance, at least. Some things are easier to get back to than others, and we must be ready to acknowledge that even things reported in several sources may not have happened at all. Or at least, were quite radically different from how it was later reported. (Thinking of proskynesis here.) Sometimes our sources are simply irreconcilable…and we should let them be. (Thinking of the Battle of Granikos here.)

THIRD/SECOND-AND-A-HALF …a growing awareness of just how much Roman-era attitudes overlay and muddy our sources, even those writing in Greek. It would be SO nice to have just one Hellenistic-era history. I’d even take Kleitarchos! But I’d love Marsyas, or Ptolemy. Why? Both were Macedonians. Even our surviving philhellenic authors such as Plutarch impose Greek readings and morals on Macedonian society.

So, let’s add Roman views on top of Greek views on top of Macedonian realities in a period of extremely fast mutation (Philip and Alexander both). What a muddle! In fact, one of the real advantages of a source such as Curtius is that his sources seem to have known a thing or three about both Achaemenid Persia and also Macedonian custom. He sometimes says something like, “Macedonian custom was….” We don’t know if he’s right, but it’s not something we find much in other histories—even Arrian who used Ptolemy. (Curtius may also have used Ptolemy, btw.)

In any case, as a result of more care given to the themes of the historians, a growing sensitivity to Roman milieu for all of them has altered our perceptions of our sources.

These are, to me, the major and most significant shifts in Alexander historiography from the late 1800s to the early 2100s.

[justasfunsober]

Musicals I think The Gang would listen to but I give no context

Reagan Ridley- Chicago, Waitress

Brett Hand- Be More Chill, Dear Evan Hansen, La La Land

Gigi Thompson- Mamma Mia, Mean Girls, SIX

Andre Lee- Cannibal! The Musical, Ride The Cyclone, The Book Of Mormon

Myc Cellium- Heathers, Cats, Little Shop Of Horrors

J.R. Scheimpough- Falsettos, The Phantom Of The Opera

Alpha-Beta- Sweeney Todd, Hadestown, Moulin Rouge

Glenn Dolphman- Les Miserables, Hamilton

[ultraheydudemestuff]

Euclid Avenue Christian Church (East Mt. Zion Baptist Church)

9990 Euclid Ave.

Cleveland, OH

On July 4, 1843, members of the Disciples of Christ Church in Euclid met in a maple grove near Euclid Avenue and E. 105th Street and voted to form their own congregation. The congregation met in homes until 1848, when a church was constructed on Euclid Avenue between Doan (now E. 105th St.) and Republic (now E. 101st St.). The congregation moved into a new building at 9990 Euclid Avenue in 1908. This structure was designed by architects George Kramer and C.C. Hamilton. The J.R. Lamb Studios designed the interior woodwork and stained glass windows. The exterior is faced with green serpentinite stone from Chester County, Pennsylvania.

     The Romanesque Revival exterior features Syrian-style archways over doors and windows, and a coarse-ashlar finish. The interior woodwoork is all oak. The interior is based on the "Akron Plan", a popular style at the time. This permitted the Sunday School walls to fold back so that the larger crowds could hear the service. The builders were Skeel Bros. of Cleveland. Euclid Avenue Christian Church moved to Cleveland Heights in 1955, and sold the building to East Mt. Zion Baptist Church. East Mt. Zion became the first African American church to hold services on Euclid Avenue. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 10, 2022.

[thisisyourdriverspeaking]

Got quite a few of these ready to go so here we are. The 2011 Indy 500 soundtrack. Enjoy 😊

Alex Tagliani (Car 77) - Maroon 5 - Never Gonna Leave This Bed

Scott Dixon (Car 9) - Britney Spears ft Nicki Minaj & Kesha - Till The World Ends

Oriol Servia (Car 2) - Katy Perry ft Kanye West - E.T.

Townsend Bell (Car 99) - Kirk Franklin - I Smile

Will Power (Car 12) - Lupe Fiasco - The Show Goes On

Dan Wheldon (Car 98) - Taylor Swift - The Story Of Us

Buddy Rice (Car 44) - OneRepublic - Good Life

Ed Carpenter (Car 67) - Justin Moore - If Heaven Wasn't So Far Away

Dario Franchitti (Car 10) - Jeremih ft 50 Cent - Down On Me

Takuma Sato (Car 5) - Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough

Vitor Meira (Car 14) - Lady Antebellum - Just A Kiss

J.R Hildebrand (Car 4) - Pitbull ft Ne-Yo, Afrojack & Nayer - Give Me Everything

James Hinchcliffe (Car 06) - Brad Paisley ft Alabama - Old Alabama

Bertrand Baguette (Car 30) - New Boyz ft The Cataracs & Dev - Backseat

Davey Hamilton (Car 11) - Rihanna ft Britney Spears - S&M

Helio Castroneves (Car 3) - Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory

John Andretti (Car 43) - Miguel - Sure Thing

E.J Viso (Car 59) - Avril Lavigne - What The Hell

Justin Wilson (Car 22) - Nicki Minaj - Super Bass

Jay Howard (Car 88) - Darius Rucker - This

Tomas Scheckter (Car 07) - Taylor Swift - Mean

Tony Kanaan (Car 82) - Big Time Rush - Boyfriend

Simona De Silvestro (Car 78) - Seether - Country Song

Paul Tracy (Car 23) - Kanye West - All Of The Lights

Danica Patrick (Car 7) - Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song

Ryan Briscoe (Car 6) - Jennifer Lopez ft Pitbull - On The Floor

Marco Andretti (Car 26) - Kelly Rowland ft Lil Wayne - Motivation

Charlie Kimball (Car 83) - Marsha Ambrosius - Far Away

Graham Rahal (Car 38) - Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are

Alex Lloyd (Car 19) - Lady Gaga - Born This Way

Pippa Mann (Car 36) - Bruno Mars - Grenade

Ana Beatriz (Car 24) - The Script - For The First Time

Ryan Hunter-Reay (Car 41) - David Guetta ft Flo Rida & Nicki Minaj - Where Them Girls At

All added to this playlist 🎵🎵

[bewitchingbooktours]

Melanie’s Awakening by Celia Breslin #HauntedHalloweenSpooktacular

Vampires for Halloween!

As vampire fans know, there are so many different spins on vampires in books, movies, and TV. Some vampires may sparkle in the sun while others disintegrate or burst into flames. Some are alive and aging while others are immortal and/or undead. Some fight for Team Good and others for Team Evil. Here are my recs for some fun Halloween month vampire viewing and reading, as well as a look at my take on these fun and feisty paranormal creatures.

Vampire Books:

* Anita Blake series, by Laurell K. Hamilton

* Black Dagger Brotherhood series, by J.R. Ward

* Immortals After Dark series, by Kresley Cole

* Tranquilli Bloodline series, by Celia Breslin

* The Vampire Chronicles by Anne Rice

More vampire books: https://www.goodreads.com/shelf/show/vampire-series

Vampire TV series:

* Angel

* Buffy the Vampire Slayer

* Moonlight

* The Originals

* True Blood

* Vampire Diaries

* What We Do in the Shadows

More vampire TV shows: https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/vampire-tv-shows-ranked-by-tomatometer/

Vampire Movies:

* Blade, Blade II, Blade: Trinity, Blade: House of Chthon

* From Dusk Till Dawn

* The Lost Boys

* Renfield

* Underworld, Underworld: Evolution, Underworld: Rise of the Lycans, Underworld: Endless War, Underworld: Awakening, Underworld: Blood Wars

More vampire movies: https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/essential-vampire-movies/

Happy Halloween!

Xo,

Celia

 Melanie’s Awakening

Heartland Fae

Book Two

Celia Breslin

Genre: Paranormal Romance

Publisher: Celia Breslin

Date of Publication: April 2023

ISBN: 9798223505884

ASIN: B0C37NKFYB

Number of pages: 124

Word Count: 30K

Cover Artist: Brantwijn Serrah

Tagline: They’re lovers from different worlds…and a Dark Fae is determined to keep them apart.

Book Description: 

When Melanie Blackstone is offered her bestie’s home in Illinois for the summer, she jumps at the chance. She has a jerky ex to forget and a fantasy-horror screenplay to finish for her agent back in California. But writing time is soon sidelined by strange lights dancing in the air and an even stranger dark figure lurking in the yard.

As a favor, Fae warrior Dealan agrees to look in on the female staying in his friends’ home. However, he didn’t expect her to be able to See him. Few humans possess the Sight, yet this one does. Even more surprising—the friendly and inquisitive woman seems to like him and want his company. A first for the solitary assassin.

But Dealan isn’t the only Fae fascinated by Melanie. A Dark Fae sets his sights on her as well…

Amazon US        Amazon CA      Amazon UK

Angus&Robertson     Apple      BN

Kobo      Scribd      Smashwords     Vivlio

Dealan scowled, cursing under his breath as he strode toward the house. The female must be daft. Her ruckus could wake the dead, and that was the last thing he wanted to deal with at the moment. This living, breathing human was a sufficient problem without adding temperamental ghosts to the mix.

Near the back porch, his keen Fae hearing picked up the rattling of doors, the clicking of window locks, and the scraping of curtains tugged along metal rods. Room by room illumination ceased. Darkness wouldn’t protect her from his kind, however, should they wish her ill. He harrumphed. Which they didn’t.

At the foot of the deck stairs he paused, reminding himself why he’d agreed to watch over this skittish lass in the first place. His best friend Angus was a right pushy bastard, and sadly, Dealan had never been able to refuse his friend’s damn requests. Factor in kindhearted Eva O’Reilly, his chum’s mate and longtime friend of the flower fairies, and it was nigh impossible to deny either of them any little thing.

Or, one noisy, possibly unhinged, woman-sized being named Melanie Blackstone.

“She’s a funny one, isn’t she, Warrior?” Rosina’s airy voice chimed from behind him.

Giggling ensued when he merely grunted in reply, then the leader of the flower fairies appeared before him in a swirl of pink sparkles. “Let’s go inside to see what else she does.”

“I’ll enter,” he corrected her. “Alone.”

“Aw, you’re no fun,” Rosina pouted, crossing her slender arms and cocking a hip.

“And always much too serious,” Valeria and Poppy tittered in unison, fluttering past his head to join their leader. Their wings whirred, showering sparks over his form, their magic brightening the evening gloom with pulsating pink and orange light. The pleasing sight did little to improve his mood.

“She saw us, Warrior, did you see?” Poppy squeaked.

Valeria’s head bobbled quick. “And took our picture, too.” She struck a pose and preened.

“Aye, I noticed, Little Ones.” The human seemed to see him, too, right before she shrieked like a Banshee then fell on her arse inside the sunporch. Strange, since they were cloaked in their natural invisibility and usually needed to lower the mantle to reveal themselves to those who couldn’t See. And according to Eva, her friend didn’t possess the Sight. Although, Eva had mentioned her friend wrote fantastical stories, and creative minds were typically open minds, so—

Valeria and Poppy darted to the door.

“Stay out here,” he commanded, as they peered into the solarium.

“Ohhhh, she left pizza,” Valeria squealed. “Let’s cover it in sugar and eat it.”

“And put honey in the wine! Drink it down,” added Poppy.

Rosina laughed. “Good plan.”

Dealan grimaced at the notion. “Negative. You are to remain outside.”

“Boooooooo,” they sang in unison, all three glaring his way.

A shrill scream erupted from the house. Shite. Dealan summoned his sword out of habit and leaped forward, landing before the fairies and waving them away from the screened back door. 

About the Author:

Celia lives in California with her family. She writes urban fantasy and paranormal romance, and has a particular fondness for werewolves, vampires, angels, and the Fae. When not writing, you’ll find Celia exercising, reading a good book, hanging with her family, or indulging her addiction to fantasy TV shows and movies.

Website: http://www.celiabreslin.com    

Blog: http://www.celiabreslin.com/blog/     

BookBub: https://www.bookbub.com/profile/celia-breslin 

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CeliaBreslinAuthor    

Goodreads: http://www.goodreads.com/CeliaBreslin   

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/celiabreslin/   

Newsletter:  http://eepurl.com/bxqwRL 

TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@celiabreslin 

a Rafflecopter giveaway

[the-unacknowledged-ones]

Someone remind me to update my muses. Because i made some changes (again) nada have 3 new boys and others pass to be for RP ONLY with their partners, mostly because only their partners talk to them xD

Also I am changing their big and some are supernatural. (I blame Sherrilyn Kenyon, Laurel K. Hamilton and J.R. Ward for this xD)

[de-la-tierre-a-la-lune]

The Friday the Thirteenth the Game Counselors and their favorite Musicals

Kenny Reidell: It’s a tie between Phantom of the Opera and Legally Blonde. On one hand, Elle Woods is his childhood crush, on the other, Ramin Karimloo as the Phantom is his current crush.

Tiffany Cox: Heathers. She also had a bit of a crush on Veronica after dead girl walking

Deborah Kim: Be More Chill. Her dream is to play Jeremy in an all girls production of it.

Eric ‘J.R.’ LaChappa: This nerd loves Carrie and Matilda. He won’t tell anyone about his love for Matilda though.

Chad Kensington: Dear Evan Hansen. He’s only ever heard Waving Through A Window and Sincerely Me but boy does he love to sing them.

Brandon Bugsy Wilson: Lightning Thief the Musical. He read the books. From the lightning thief to the newest Magnus Chase book. The whole franchise made him less embarrassed of his ADHD and dyslexia.

Vanessa Jones: Wicked. She can belt like a boss and once beat Kenny at hitting the high F in defying gravity.

Jenny Myers: Hamilton. She absolutely loves Angelica and tries to emulate Angelica’s fierce feminism in her everyday life.

Adam Palomino: Les Mis. He was in a production in high school as Enjolras and has harbored a dream of starting a rebellion to bring down the bourgeois and capitalist pigs who treat lower class citizens like shit since. And he relates to Cosette about being a foster kid who’s previous foster home was shit before being taken in by the perfect parent.

AJ Mason: RENT. Her mom raised her on RENT. RENT is the reason AJ lives everyday like her last. As Mimi says, No Day But Today.

[therogerclarkfanclub]

★ Roger's Audiobooks (I—L) ★

UPDATED: August 21, 2024

If Audible isn't your thing, Roger's audiobooks can also be found at these other sites but selection varies from site to site:

Apple Books ☆ Audible ☆ Audiobooks.com ☆ AudioBooksNow.com ☆ AudiobookStore.com ☆ Barnes & Noble ☆ Binge Books ☆ Books-a-Million ☆ Chirp Books ☆ Downpour ☆ Everand ☆ Google Play ☆ Hoopla ☆ Libro.fm ☆ Overdrive + Libby ☆ Rakuten Kobo ☆

Links to more of Roger's Audiobooks:

A-D ☆ E-H ☆ I-L ☆ M-P ☆ Q-T ☆ U-Z

··································⋆⋅⋆⋅☆⋅⋆⋅⋆··································

BOOK SERIES: "Inspector Kenny Mystery" by Eilís Dillon • Death at Crane’s Court (Vol. 1) • Death in the Quadrangle (Vol. 2)

··································⋆⋅⋆⋅☆⋅⋆⋅⋆··································

• Ireland’s Forgotten Past: A History of the Overlooked and Disremembered by Turtle Bunbury

• The Irish Assassins: Conspiracy, Revenge and the Phoenix Park Murders That Stunned Victorian England by Julie Kavanagh

• The Kaiser’s Pirates: Hunting Germany's Raiding Cruisers 1914-1915 by Nick Hewitt

• Karl Marx: Philosophy and Revolution by Shlomo Avineri

• Knights Apocalyptica by Zach Skye

• Knights Apocalyptica 2 by Zach Skye

• The Land of Always Night by Kenneth Robeson

• Landing on the Edge of Eternity: Twenty-Four Hours at Omaha Beach by Robert Kershaw

··································⋆⋅⋆⋅☆⋅⋆⋅⋆··································

BOOK SERIES: "Legacy of Lucky Logan" by J.R. Frontera • Bargain at Bravebank: A Western Steampunk Adventure (Vol. #1) • Bastard of Blessing: A Western Steampunk Adventure (Vol. #2) • Bones in Blackbird (Vol. #3) • Demon at Devil's Deep (Vol. #4) [ Release Date TBA ]

··································⋆⋅⋆⋅☆⋅⋆⋅⋆··································

• The Lion and the Cross: A Novel of Saint Patrick and Ancient Ireland by Joan Lesley Hamilton

• The Lionkeeper of Algiers: How an American Captive Rose to Power in Barbary and Saved His Homeland from War by Des Ekin

• Lost Heirs of the Medieval Crown: The Kings and Queens Who Never Were by J.F. Andrews

• Loving the Dead and Gone by Judith Turner-Yamamoto (Narrators include: Roger Clark, Sophie Amoss, Cassandra Campbell)

[badmovieihave]

Bad movie I have Burn After Reading 2008

[have-a-hiddles]

You're the one who commissioned a leathery bat-wing jacket. Maybe you're the kind of vampire that isn't affected by garlic? Like an Anne Rice vampire. Or a Laurel K Hamilton vampire. Or a J.R. Ward vampire. And if you don't know what those are; happy reading!

I just read something saying that bats can purr and led to vampires can also purr. The question dark lord, can you in fact purr?

Who ever said anything about that?

Your imaginations, they amaze me sometimes. So silly… I enjoy garlic far too much to ever be a vampire. Besides, I think my rats would actually listen to me if I were really one of the nosferatu.

There is a difference between bat wings and red wings, people. Small, but significant.

[blackkudos]

Nipsey Hussle

Ermias Joseph Asghedom (August 15, 1985 – March 31, 2019), known professionally as Nipsey Hussle (often stylized as Nipsey Hu$$le), was an American rapper, activist, and entrepreneur. Emerging from the West Coast hip hop scene in the mid-2000s, Hussle independently released his first mixtape, Slauson Boy Volume 1, to moderate local success, which led to him being signed to Cinematic Music Group and Epic Records.

Hussle became known for his numerous mixtapes, including his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series, The Marathon, The Marathon Continues and Crenshaw, the last of which rapper Jay-Z bought 100 copies for $100 each. After much delay, his debut studio album Victory Lap was released in 2018 to critical acclaim and commercial success, and was nominated for the Best Rap Album at the 61st Grammy Awards in 2019. Two posthumous Grammy Awards for the songs "Racks in the Middle" and "Higher" was awarded to Hussle in the Best Rap Performance and Best Rap/Sung Performance categories, respectively, the next year at the 62nd Grammy Awards.

Also known for his entrepreneurship, Hussle inaugurated the Marathon Clothing store, which he founded along with partners Carless, the head of the agency, Karen Civil and his brother Samiel Asghedom in 2017, and started a co-working environment which he named "Vector 90". On March 31, 2019, Hussle was fatally shot outside his store Marathon Clothing in South Los Angeles. Eric Holder, a 29-year-old man who had confronted Hussle earlier in the day, was arrested and charged with murder on April 2, 2019.

Early life

Ermias Joseph Asghedom was born on August 15, 1985, in Crenshaw, Los Angeles, California, to Angelique Smith, an African-American woman, and Dawit Asghedom, an Eritrean immigrant. He was raised in the Crenshaw neighborhood of South Los Angeles with his brother Samuel and his sister Samantha. Asghedom attended Hamilton High School in the nearby Castle Heights neighborhood, but dropped out before graduating. At the age of 14, Asghedom left home and joined the local Rollin 60's Neighborhood Crips, a sub-group of the larger Crips gang primarily based in his home neighborhood of Crenshaw. His stage name, a play on the name of comedian Nipsey Russell, originated as a nickname given to Asghedom by a childhood friend. At the age of 19, Asghedom's father took both him and his brother Samuel on a trip to Eritrea, East Africa for three months in 2004. Asghedom credited the trip with inspiring him to become a community activist with an "entrepreneurial spirit".

Music career

2008–2010: Bullets Ain't Got No Name series

In December 2005, Hussle independently released his first mixtape, Slauson Boy Volume 1, to moderate local success. His debut project helped to build a small regional fanbase on the west coast, and eventually led to Hussle being signed to Cinematic Music Group and Epic Records. In 2008, Hussle released the first two installments in his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series of mixtapes, which helped to bring Hussle's music to a larger audience.

Nipsey's profile continued to grow into 2009, when he collaborated with Drake on the song "Killer", and also appeared, along with Snoop Dogg and Problem, on the song "Upside Down", from Snoop Dogg's 2009 album Malice n Wonderland. He also released the third instalment in Bullets Ain’t Got No Name, as well as his commercial debut single, "Hussle in the House". Despite the song, which samples Kris Kross' 1992 single Jump, being well received by critics, it failed to make any impact on the charts.

After Epic experienced financial issues in 2010, Nipsey opted not to renew his contract and left the label. Not long after going independent, Hussle appeared on the song "We Are the World 25 for Haiti", and was featured by XXL Magazine as one of its "Annual Freshman Top Ten", a selection of ten up-and-coming hip-hop artists to watch. XXL labeled him "Most Determined" of his class, and LA Weekly called him the "next big L.A. MC". Hussle was expected to release his debut album, South Central State of Mind, in October 2010. Prior to release, the album was supported by the single "Feelin' Myself" featuring Lloyd. While the production was set to be handled from J.R. Rotem, Scott Storch, Mr. Lee, Play-N-Skillz, Terrace Martin and 1500 or Nothin', the album was set to be featured with the guest appearances from Trey Songz, Jay Rock and Sean Kingston. Concurrently, he announced that he planned on releasing a mixtape with fellow rapper Jay Rock, titled Red and Blue Make Green. Following the release of a music video for "Feelin' Myself", the album was set for a December 21, 2010, release; however, both of these projects were eventually postponed indefinitely.

2010–2013: Leaving Epic Records and

The Marathon

series

After leaving Epic, Nipsey founded his own record label, All Money In. On December 21, 2010, he released his first All Money In Records mixtape, titled The Marathon, which featured guest appearances from Kokane and MGMT. On November 1, 2011, Hussle released a sequel titled The Marathon Continues, which featured L.A. rappers YG and Dom Kennedy. On April 17, 2012, Hussle released a collaborative album with fellow rapper Blanco, Raw. The album featured guest appearances from YG, Mistah FAB, Yukmouth, B-Legit, Kokane and Freeway.

In May 2012, Nipsey released a single titled Proud of That, marking his first collaboration with Florida rapper Rick Ross. Nipsey was subsequently featured on Ross' Maybach Music Group's song "Fountain of Youth", which appears on the label's second album Self Made Vol. 2. The music video was released on October 1, 2012. Rumours began to circulate that Nipsey would sign with MMG, and in December 2012, Hussle himself hinted at signing, however, he also said that he was still looking for the right label.

Hussle said that he would be releasing his third and final installment of The Marathon mixtape series with TM3: Victory Lap in 2013, after it was pushed back from its initial December 2012 release date. He also announced that he was planning on releasing a joint mixtape with a fellow West Coast rapper and frequent collaborator YG. Hussle performed at the 2013 Paid Dues festival on March 30, 2013 in California. After deciding against signing to a major label, due to a lack of creative freedom, he choose to make Victory Lap his debut album.

2013–2019: Crenshaw and Victory Lap

Beginning in 2013, he released various songs from his upcoming mixtape Crenshaw, including the 9th Wonder produced track "Face the World", and a The Futuristics and 1500 or Nothin' produced track "Blessings". On August 6, 2013, Hussle announced that Victory Lap would now be released as an album, rather than a mixtape. Prior to the release of Victory Lap, Nipsey announced on September 16, 2013, that he would be releasing a new mixtape, Crenshaw (hosted by DJ Drama), on October 8, 2013. On September 24, 2013, he revealed the track list for Crenshaw, which contained guest appearances from Rick Ross, Dom Kennedy, Slim Thug, James Fauntleroy II, Z-Ro, Skeme and Sade, among others. The production on the mixtape was handled by The Futuristics, 1500 or Nothin', 9th Wonder, Mike Free, Ralo and Jiggy Hendrix, among others. He also released the "Crenshaw" documentary that day in promotion of the mixtape. On October 3, 2013, he released another trailer for the mixtape, and attracted attention when he revealed 1,000 hard copies of the mixtape would be sold for $100 each. Jay Z personally bought 100 copies. He reportedly sold out all 1,000 copies in less than 24 hours, effectively making $100,000.

Upon the release of Crenshaw, Hussle said that Victory Lap would be released in 2014. On November 20, 2013, Hussle confirmed that Victory Lap would feature production from Ralo, 1500 or Nothin', The Futuristiks and DJ Mustard. He later confirmed more producers, including Don Cannon and DJ Khalil on the album. After the year went by with no new releases, Hussle released a new mixtape, Mailbox Money on New Year's Eve 2014, again releasing 1000 hard copies for $100 each.

Nipsey made a number of guest appearances throughout 2015 and 2016, working with Jadakiss, Trae Tha Truth and YG. In 2016, he released another mixtape, titled Famous Lies and Unpopular Truth. He commented on the 2016 US presidential election by releasing the single "FDT" ("Fuck Donald Trump") with YG; the song was written about Hussle's positive experiences with Mexican immigrants in the United States, whom Trump had criticized.

After numerous delays, Hussle's debut studio album, Victory Lap, was released on February 16, 2018, debuting at number 4 on the Billboard 200, selling 53,000 album equivalent units in its first week. The album was met with universal acclaim from critics, and numerous songs entered the Billboard Hot 100, including "Double Up", "Last Time I Checc'd" and "Dedication", marking Nipsey's debut on the chart as a lead artist. Victory Lap was also nominated for a Best Rap Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019, but lost out to Cardi B's Invasion of Privacy. Over 1 year after its release, the album reached a new peak of number on the Billboard 2000 in April 2019 after Hussle's murder on March 31. His single "Racks in the Middle" featuring Roddy Ricch and Hit-Boy also reached a new peak of number 44 on the Hot 100, following his death.

Business ventures

Hussle's nickname came from his entrepreneurial spirit. He shined shoes for $2.50 to pay for school clothes at age 11 with a goal of a hundred shoes a day. Hussle sold his mixtapes out of a car trunk at a neighborhood strip mall at the intersection of Slauson Avenue and Crenshaw Boulevard. After leaving Epic Records, he founded his own record label. Hussle experimented with unorthodox sales strategies by selling expensive copies of certain mixtapes even while the songs were distributed for free.

Hussle's Marathon branding inspired Steve Carless in 2013 when he founded Marathon Agency with business partners Karen Civil and Jorge Peniche. They designed the talent-based brand to attract a diverse set of clients in all stages of their careers. In October 2016, Carless, the head of the agency, told Billboard that Hussle had invested "like over six figures" in the Marathon Agency and described him as "kind of like our silent partner."

Hussle opened the Marathon Clothing store on June 17, 2017, which he founded along with partners Carless, Civil, and his brother Samiel Asghedom. Opening the store at this intersection in the Crenshaw commercial district was important to him because he wanted to invest and provide opportunities in his neighborhood of Hyde Park. The store is billed as a "smart store," which bridges the gap between culture and technology by giving customers access to exclusive music and other content created by rappers through an app created by software engineer Iddris Sandu. The year before his death, Hussle had bought the L-shaped small shopping center where his store was located. His partner was real estate investor David Gross, who is also a South Los Angeles native.

All Money In

Hussle created the record label All Money In after leaving Epic Records. He released his first major project, The Marathon, through the new label on December 21, 2010. He released subsequent projects under his label, including The Marathon Continues (2011), Crenshaw (2013), and Mailbox Money (2014). He also signed other artists, including J. Stone, Cobby Supreme, Cuzzy Capone, BH, Pacman Da Gunman, and Killa Twan.

Releases

The Marathon - Nipsey Hussle (2010)

The Marathon Continues - Nipsey Hussle (2011)

Crenshaw - Nipsey Hussle (2013)

Mailbox Money - Nipsey Hussle (2014)

25/8 No Breaks - J. Stone (2014)

Boyz N Tha Hood - BH (2015)

Slauson Boy 2 - Nipsey Hussle (2016)

Neighborhood Watch - J. Stone (2016)

Victory Lap - Nipsey Hussle (2018)

6 Days - J. Stone (2018)

No Guts No Glory - Pacman Da Gunman (2019)

The Definition of Loyalty - J. Stone (2019)

60TH ST - Pacman Da Gunman (2019)

Acting career

In 2007, Hussle played a small role in Bone Thugs-n-Harmony's semi-autobiographical film I Tried, which was directed by Rich Newey. In 2010, he starred in the film Caged Animal, alongside Ving Rhames, Gillie Da Kid and Robert Patrick. In 2015, Hussle was featured in a cameo "The Sexy Getting Ready Song" in the pilot episode of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, rapping two bars.

Community activism

Hussle wanted to focus on "giving solutions and inspiration" to young black men like him. He denounced gun violence through his music, influence and community work. He spoke openly about his experiences with gang culture.

He funded improvements to neighborhood schools and spent time with students, also participating on panels about growing up in the area and the influence of gang culture. Hussle started a co-working environment which he named Vector 90. From his own experience, he believed that the Crenshaw area as being under served and that young people would benefit from communal workspaces. He wanted youths to be able to take classes in science, technology and mathematics at the center. In March 2019, Hussle had contacted officials from the LAPD to arrange a meeting with him and Roc Nation about what they could do to help prevent gang violence in South Los Angeles. The meeting had been scheduled to take place on April 1.

Hussle was murdered on March 31. According to Los Angeles Police Commissioner Steve Soboroff, department officials will meet with Hussle's representatives at a future date on these issues, to continue the activist's work in his honor.

Personal life

Hussle and actress Lauren London began dating in 2013. They had a son together born in 2016. London has a child from a previous relationship with fellow rapper Lil Wayne, while Hussle had a daughter from a previous relationship. He remained very involved in South Los Angeles with his businesses, charitable activities, and the homes of family and friends. The locations for a magazine shoot were in the neighborhood.

Death

On March 31, 2019, Hussle was shot at least 10 times in the parking lot of his store, Marathon Clothing, in South Los Angeles at about 3:19 p.m. Gunshot wounds included a shot to his right chest, a shot that entered into his abdomen near his navel and severed his spine, a gunshot wound to the right side of his back that penetrated into his chest and struck his lung, and a gunshot wound to "the posterior top" of his scalp. Two others were wounded in the shooting. All three victims were transported to a hospital, where Hussle was pronounced dead at 3:55 p.m. He was 33 years old. Rapper GBO Gaston claimed to have killed Nipsey Hussle on an Instagram post before the suspected perpetrator was arrested. Police have identified 29-year-old Eric Ronald Holder Jr. as the suspect.

Investigators believe Eric Holder, the suspect, was known to the rapper and that the shooting was possibly motivated by a personal matter. On April 2, 2019, Holder was arrested by the Los Angeles Police Department and was being held in solitary confinement.

Hussle is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Southern California. His brother, Samuel Asghedom was appointed the permanent administrator of Hussle's estate.

Memorials

Upon hearing the news of his death, numerous celebrities offered their condolences on social media. Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti also offered his condolences to Hussle's family.

Hussle's memorial service was held on April 11 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, with tickets provided free of charge.

A letter from former president Barack Obama praised the rapper for his work in the community:

The 25.5-mile (41.0 km) funeral procession wound through the streets of South L.A. including Watts, where he spent some of his formative years. Mourners gathered at the Watts Towers along the route. The crowds lining the streets demonstrated the impact he had on this community.

Hussle's longtime friend and collaborator YG dedicated his performance at the 2019 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival to the memory of Nipsey Hussle.

Legacy

A petition was started to rename the intersection of Slauson Avenue and Crenshaw Boulevard near Hussle's store Marathon Clothing to "Nipsey Hussle Square". On the day of his funeral, the council announced it was set to be renamed Ermias "Nipsey Hussle" Asghedom Square to honor him and his contributions to the neighborhood.

There was a strong artistic response to Nipsey Hussle's death. Within a few months, over 50 murals dedicated to the rapper were painted in the City of Los Angeles. One mural is in an alley near the strip mall where he was killed. Hussle's store has remained closed since his death.

Puma released the Marathon Clothing collection in September 2019 with 100% of net proceeds to the Neighborhood ‘Nip’ Foundation. The AMB store opened in September 2019 on Crenshaw Boulevard. This is another clothing company founded by Hussle with Cobby Supreme who was one of his best friends and an artist.

The season 2 premiere of the CW series All American included a candlelight vigil at Hyde Park with a eulogy by the character Flip Williams (played by Lahmard Tate). Tattoo artist Keenan Chapman painted a mural just for the episode. The series included "Grinding All My Life" in its pilot, and series star Daniel Ezra was a fan. Characters from the series wore clothes from the Marathon store. Hussle had planned to appear in the season 1 finale but had "scheduling conflicts".

Inspired by the books that Hussle had mentioned in interviews, songs and motivational messages, local chapters of The Marathon Book Club have formed. The list includes self-help bestsellers, cult classics and little-known books by black authors. Michelle Obama included "Hussle and Motivate" on her 2020 workout playlist.

At the 2020 Grammy Awards DJ Khaled, Kirk Franklin, John Legend, Meek Mill, Roddy Ricch and YG gave tribute to Hussle in honor of his legacy.

Ava DuVernay may co-produce and direct a Nipsey Hussle documentary or Netflix series.

On March 6, 2020, thrash metal band Body Count released their seventh studio album titled Carnivore. The album features a song titled When I'm Gone which was written for Nipsey Hussle by the band's singer and fellow Los Angeles rapper Ice-T. The song features a spoken introductory part in which Ice-T says of Hussle, "the outcry of love and support after his death was incredible, but it inspired me to write this song." The song also features guest vocalist Amy Lee from the band Evanescence who is also credited by Ice-T as having co-written the song.

[riilsports]

Hendricken’s Hanson named NFHS National Swim Coach of the Year

January 17, 2020

     INDIANAPOLIS, IN — Longtime Bishop Hendricken swim coach Dave Hanson was among the 23 high school coaches from across the country selected as 2019 National Coaches of the Year by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Coaches Association.

     The NFHS, which has been recognizing coaches through an awards program since 1982, honors coaches in the top 10 girls sports and top 10 boys sports (by participation numbers), and in two “other” sports – one for boys and one for girls – that are not included in the top 10 listings. The NFHS also recognizes a spirit coach as a separate award category. Winners of NFHS awards must be active coaches during the year for which they receive their award. This year’s awards recognize coaches for the 2018-19 school year.

     Recipients of this year’s national awards for boys sports are: Glenn Cecchini, baseball, Lake Charles (Louisiana) Alfred M. Barbe High School; J.R. Holmes, basketball, Bloomington (Indiana) South High School; Karl Koonce, cross country, Pearcy (Arkansas) Lake Hamilton High School; Terry Curtis, football, Mobile (Alabama) UMS-Wright Preparatory School; James Orcutt, golf, North Platte (Nebraska) High School; Terry Michler, soccer, St. Louis (Missouri) Christian Brothers College High School; David Hanson, swimming and diving, Warwick (Rhode Island) Bishop Hendricken Catholic High School; David Fredette, tennis, Armada (Michigan) High School; William “Bill” Thorn, track and field, Fairburn (Georgia) Landmark Christian School; and James Matney, wrestling, Paintsville (Kentucky) Johnson Central High School.

      The recipients of the 2019 NFHS national awards for girls sports are: Jack Gayle, swimming and diving, Snellville (Georgia) Brookwood High School; Cherry Roberds, tennis, Miami (Arizona) High School; Desmond Dunham, track and field, St. John’s (District of Columbia) College High School; Valorie McKenzie, volleyball, Scottsdale (Arizona) Horizon High School; Sherri Anthony, basketball, Ponte Vedra (Florida) Nease High School; Dave Van Sickle, cross country, Phoenix (Arizona) Xavier College Preparatory; Dick Bliss, golf, Hopkinton (Massachusetts) High School; Carol Rainson-Rose, lacrosse, Northport (New York) High School; Meredith Messer, soccer, Rockport (Maine) Camden Hills Regional High School; and Deborah Schwartz, softball, Toms River (New Jersey) Donovan Catholic High School.

     The recipient of the National Coach of the Year Award for spirit is Stephanie Blackwell of Bixby (Oklahoma) High School. Steven DeAngelis, a cross country skiing coach at Readfield (Maine) Maranacook Community High School, was chosen in the “other” category for boys sports, and Lois Emshoff, a badminton coach at Chandler (Arizona) High School, was chosen in the “other” category for girls sports.

     The NFHS has a contact in each state who is responsible for selecting deserving coach award recipients. This person often works with the state coaches’ association in his or her respective state. He or she contacts the potential state award recipients to complete a coach profile form that requests information regarding the coach’s record, membership in and affiliation with coaching and other professional organizations, involvement with other school and community activities and programs, and coaching philosophy. To be approved as an award recipient and considered for sectional and national coach of the year consideration, this profile form must be completed by the coach or designee and then approved by the executive director (or designee) of the state athletic/activities association.

     The next award level after state coach of the year is sectional coach of the year. The NFHS is divided into eight geographical sections. They are as follows: Section 1 – Northeast (CT, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, RI, VT); Section 2 – Mideast (DE, DC, KY, MD, OH, PA, VA, WV); Section 3 – South (AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN); Section 4 – Central (IL, IN, IA, MI, WI); Section 5 – Midwest (KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, SD); Section 6 – Southwest (AR, CO, NM, OK, TX); Section 7 – West (AZ, CA, HI, NV, UT); and Section 8 – Northwest (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY).

     The NFHS Coaches Association has an advisory committee composed of a chair and eight sectional representatives. The sectional committee representatives evaluate the state award recipients from the states in their respective sections and select the best candidates for the sectional award in each sport category. The NFHS Coaches Association Advisory Committee then considers the sectional candidates in each sport, ranks them according to a point system, and determines a national winner for each of the 20 sport categories, the spirit category and two “other” categories.

     A total of 857 coaches will be recognized this year with state, sectional and national awards.

This press release was written by Hannah Wishart, Coordinator of Educational Services with the NFHS who works with the NFHS Coaches Association and the NFHS Coach Education Program.

[edwardgoreyelephanthouse]

The Edward Gorey Personal Library at San Diego State University library comprises 26,000 books collected by Edward St. John Gorey (1924-2000). Over 9,000 catalogued volumes, or 35% of the collection are searchable at the link at the top of this page. If you find a book you would like to examine from this collection, please contact Special Collections and University Archives at askscua@mail.sdsu.edu, or at 619-594-6791 or visit their service desk on the 4th floor of the Library Addition. Books may only be viewed in the Special Collections area. 

The SDSU Library acquired the Edward Gorey Personal Library (EGPL) in 2009.  Edward Gorey collaborated with Professor Emeritus Peter Neumeyer who founded the Children's Literature Program at San Diego State University. In the 1960s and 1970s Neumeyer co-authored books with Gorey, including Why We Have Day and Night (1970),Donald and the... (1969) and Donald Has a Difficulty (1970).  In Neumeyer's groundbreaking 2011 book, Floating Worlds. The Letters of Edward Gorey & Peter F. Neumeyer, Neumeyer shares and annotates letters exchanged by the two men during the years they worked together, and his book includes never before published original envelope art by Gorey.

SDSU Notable Alumnus Andreas Brown envisioned that the SDSU Library's Edward Gorey Collection could be unique and distinctive collection on the West Coast. Once the owner of New York City's Gotham Book Mart, Brown was Gorey's friend in books. To hear more about this connection to SDSU, listen to A talk given by Andreas Brown.

Major Subjects Collected African art, art, art history, ballet, biography, British novels, children’s literature, detective fiction, fiction, general literature, games, garden, gothic literature, history, hymns, illustration, India Japan, mystery, poetry, France and culture, France and history, French literature and novels,

Predominant Authors and Artists Collected Jacob Abbott; J.R. Ackerly; Harold Acton; Louisa May Alcott; Hans Christian Andersen; Victor Appleton; Gillian Avery; Helen Bannerman; Djuna Barnes; Nina Bawden; Arnold Bennett;  E.F. Benson; James Blish; Guy Boothby; Lucy M. Boston; Charlotte Bronte; Wilhelm Busch, Randalf Caldecott; Italo Calvino; Lewis Carroll; Willa Cather;  Agatha Christie; Wilkie Collins; Maurice Stewart Collis; Water Crane; Franklin W. Dixon;  Theodore Dreiser; Maria Edgeworth; Juliana Horatia Ewing;  Eleanor Farjeon; J.S. Fletcher; Ronald Fraser; David Garnett; Stella Gibbons; Michael Francis Gilbert;  George Gissing; Rumer Godden; Kenneth Grahame;  Grahame Greene; Donald Hamilton; Patrick Hamilton;  L.P. Hartley; Herge; Inez Haynes Irwin; Erich Kastner; Carolyn Keene; Andrew Lang; Edward Lear; William LeQueux; Gason LeRoux; E.V. Lucas; Walter de la Mare; Louis Marlow; Richard Marsh; William Mayne; Herman Melville (sets); Leonard Merrick; Mrs. Molesworth; M. Pardoe; Eden Phillpotts; Beatrix Potter Anthony Powell; John Rhodes; Edward and Vita Sackville-West; Walter Scott; Mary Sinclair; Robert Lewis Stevenson; Margaret Sutton; Sylvia Townsend Warner; Anthony Trollope; Henry Williamson; E. H. Young.

[fromthe-point]

ECHL Transactions - Mar.31

Adirondack Thunder: Eric Schierhorn, G || signed contract, released from ATO [3.30]

Allen Americans: Jacob Doty, F || placed on injured reserve (effective 3.30) [3.30] Duggie Lagrone, D || signed ATO, added to active roster [3.30]

Atlanta Gladiators: Jake Flegel, D || placed on reserve Alex Overhardt, F || activated from reserve

Greenville Swamp Rabbits: Daniel Perez, F || activated from reserve Dylan Vander Esch, F || placed on reserve

Indy Fuel: Alex Brooks, D || placed on reserve Samuel Thibault, D || activated from reserve

Kalamazoo Wings: Tyler Ganly, D || placed on reserve [3.30] Brandon Lubin, D || activated from reserve [3.30] Jimmy Mullin, F || activated from injured reserve [3.30]

Maine Mariners: Richie Boyd, D || released from contract Greg Chase, F || returned from loan to Hartford (AHL) Johnny McInnis, F || placed on reserve Josh Wesley, D || assigned from Hartford (AHL) by Carolina (NHL)

Norfolk Admirals: Derian Hamilton, D || released from ATO J.R. Wojciechowski, D || released from contract

South Carolina Stingrays: Tim Davison, D || activated from reserve Sam Fioretti, F || placed on reserve Chase Harrison, D || placed on reserve John MacLeod, D || placed on injured reserve (effective 3.23) Kevin McKernan, D || activated from injured reserve

Toledo Walleye: Trevor Gorsuch, G || signed ATO, added to active roster Pat Nagle, G || recalled by Grand Rapids (AHL) Kevin Tansey, D || loaned to Grand Rapids (AHL)

Utah Grizzlies: Kevin Davis, D || assigned by Colorado (AHL) [3.30]

Wichita Thunder: Michael Turner, F || released from contract

Worcester Railers: Ivan Chukarov, D || activated from reserve Connor Doherty, D || placed on reserve Tommy Kelley, F || activated from reserve Matt Schmalz, F || placed on reserve

[kannibalkrunch]

Who Shot J.R.? Hanging on the wall at the @hamiltonantiquemall waiting for a Dallas fan to snap it up. #hamiltonantiquemall #Dallas #wintersolstice2020 #whoshotjr #dallas #1980 #peoplemagazine #larryhagman (at Hamilton Antique Mall) https://www.instagram.com/p/CWoyJ1ags55/?utm_medium=tumblr