#it’s one of those really broad sociology-type courses

[idkhowtopickausername]

I can already tell this one course is going to really frustrate me

[catboybiologist]

“As a biologist, the terms biological woman and man don’t make any sense to me” okay then you’re an idiot and a terrible biologist. I swear to god, morons like you only become biologists just so you can hold it over others, when in reality, if biology deniers like you can become biologists, then being one really doesn’t mean much anyway. But this probably just gave an autogynophile like you a boner to read, anyway.

Oh fun! Haven't gotten one of these in a while. Disregarding the fact that you somehow think the qualification for being a biologist entirely hinges on defining womanhood, I do need to ask some clarification. I know I'm feeding the trolls here, but here we go: does your definition of "biological woman" mean:

Sociological woman? Eh, context dependent, I'm not fully out of the closet, but oftentimes, I am and present femme. So let's call that one 50/50.

Psychological woman? Because I am one.

Neurological woman? Because I am one [1].

Physical woman? My soft tissue redistribution is handling that well.

Hormonal woman? My blood tests are within cis female ranges.

Transcriptional woman? As a signalling molecule, the downstream effects of estrogen have broad transcriptional effects, completely changing the profile of gene expression and functional genomics of my cells. [2]

Genetic woman? I mean, see my above point- as far as my genes that are actually active, I have all of the same transcripts being produced, controlling which genes are expressed.

Karyotypic woman? I actually have a few signs pre-HRT that might point to a non-XY chromosome pair, but I haven't had a karyotype. We'll put that down as unknown. And hell, even if its XY, there's plenty of cis women who are karyotypically XY, with suppressed sry or complete androgen insensitivity. Interestingly enough, a completely androgen insesitive woman can go her whole life without knowing- and functionally, is very similar to a trans woman, actually. Fancy that. [3]

Reproductive woman? I can't produce an egg cell, but neither can significant fractions of cis women. Also, this is all gonna change soon, which is fun. [4]

There's also a lot of understudied aspects to the biology of HRT and even pre-HRT that are emerging, largely demonstrating widespread cellular and genetic remodeling of trans individuals undergoing hormone therapy. The field is a bit behind due to constant political pressure to revoke funding, but a lot of the results are extremely exciting in both testosterone and estrogen hormone therapies. I'm sure that, as a self professed biology As someone who presumably has a lot of expertise in biology, I'm assuming that you're aware of all of this cutting edge research, and are keeping up with modern papers, including but not limited to these cool findings:

Trans men on HRT exhibit significant genetic and transcriptional changes that make them biochemically male. [5][6]. It's a good hypothesis that the same happens with estrogen treatment, but those studies don't exist yet- I'm sure you're reserving judgment until more publications exist, of course.

Trans men on HRT develop male cell types and tissues. [7]

Trans women experience muscular and blood cell changes that align with cis women moreso than cis men [8]

And many, many more! This is an exciting, underserved, and groundbreaking field of research, and I'm sure you're keeping up with the latest in scientific journals about it.

I'm sure, of course, that you understand that it becomes impossible to draw a distinct line anywhere in here, and that words like "woman" are shorthand for the myriad of traits that invisibly synthesize in our mind and in society to represent a concept? I'm sure you understand that science is fundamentally descriptive, not prescriptive? I'm sure that you understand that these findings, while really cool and interesting, actually don't mean jack shit about what the word "woman" means or not?

As someone who is the ultimate decider in what a biologist is, I'm sure you know that bioessentiallism is a childish mindset that completely ignores and disregards the constantly changing, dynamic nature of biological systems, something that extends well beyond biological sex and its relation to gender.

I'm sure that also, that you understand that beyond just this, that the role of science in society is to advise how to achieve our moral principles, not create moral principles in themselves. And I'm sure that understanding means you know that trans affirming healthcare and supportive societal treatment leads to reduced mortality and increased happiness for everyone, right?

So great to talk to someone who is surely a scientist on this. You are a biologist, if you're talking like this, I assume? I assume you're not going to spit complete misreadings of scientific language from the background sections of these papers that only reveal you've never read a scientific paper in your life if you're thinking this way? I assume you have experience interpreting data like this?

Also, imagining my genitalia while writing this? Ew. Please stop projecting your fetishes into my inbox.

Works cited:

Kurth F, Gaser C, Sánchez FJ, Luders E. Brain Sex in Transgender Women Is Shifted towards Gender Identity. J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 13;11(6):1582. doi: 10.3390/jcm11061582. PMID: 35329908; PMCID: PMC8955456.

Fuentes N, Silveyra P. Estrogen receptor signaling mechanisms. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2019;116:135-170. doi: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Feb 4. PMID: 31036290; PMCID: PMC6533072.

Gottlieb B, Trifiro MA. Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. 1999 Mar 24 [Updated 2017 May 11]. In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1429/

Murakami, K., Hamazaki, N., Hamada, N. et al. Generation of functional oocytes from male mice in vitro. Nature 615, 900–906 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05834-x

Pallotti F, Senofonte G, Konstantinidou F, Di Chiano S, Faja F, Rizzo F, Cargnelutti F, Krausz C, Paoli D, Lenzi A, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Lombardo F. Epigenetic Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment: A Pilot Study of the ESR2 Promoter's Methylation in AFAB People. Biomedicines. 2022 Feb 16;10(2):459. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10020459. PMID: 35203670; PMCID: PMC8962414.

Florian Raths, Mehran Karimzadeh, Nathan Ing, Andrew Martinez, Yoona Yang, Ying Qu, Tian-Yu Lee, Brianna Mulligan, Suzanne Devkota, Wayne T. Tilley, Theresa E. Hickey, Bo Wang, Armando E. Giuliano, Shikha Bose, Hani Goodarzi, Edward C. Ray, Xiaojiang Cui, Simon R.V. Knott, The molecular consequences of androgen activity in the human breast, Cell Genomics, Volume 3, Issue 3, 2023, 100272, ISSN 2666-979X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100272. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666979X23000320)

Xu R, Diamond DA, Borer JG, Estrada C, Yu R, Anderson WJ, Vargas SO. Prostatic metaplasia of the vagina in transmasculine individuals. World J Urol. 2022 Mar;40(3):849-855. doi: 10.1007/s00345-021-03907-y. Epub 2022 Jan 16. PMID: 35034167.

Harper J, O'Donnell E, Sorouri Khorashad B, McDermott H, Witcomb GL. How does hormone transition in transgender women change body composition, muscle strength and haemoglobin? Systematic review with a focus on the implications for sport participation. Br J Sports Med. 2021 Aug;55(15):865-872. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103106. Epub 2021 Mar 1. PMID: 33648944; PMCID: PMC8311086.

[charlottechua]

NTU Sociology module reviews: HS1001, HS1002, HS1003

Note: I took these modules in AY22/23, there is a chance that things have since changed.

(Ctrl+F to skip to the mods you’re looking for :-D)

HS1001 Person and Society

Course Type: Major Core, 3AU Course Coordinator/ lecturer: Associate Professor Shirly Sun When I took it: Y1S1, AY2022-2023 Assessment structure:

Class participation - 10%

Group in-tutorial presentation - 20%

Term paper - 30% (Due: Week 13)

Finals (essay-based) - 40%

TL;DR:

Not hard, not easy. Attending lectures is important. Readings can be overwhelming, don't waste too much time on the longer, traditional texts; skim those readings for key concepts and useful case studies which will come in handy for finals. For the presentations, be concise. For the term paper, do A LOT of research and planning.

What is this mod about?

This module is an introduction to Sociology. Accordingly, it goes through Sociology’s basic concepts, the major schools of thought/ theories in the field, and some of the major social phenomena that shape our lives today.

Overall,

This module is relatively manageable and really quite interesting. The main concepts across the mod are not hard to grasp. This is mainly because the module's textbook, The Practical Skeptic (McIntyre, Lisa. 2020) is very accessible for people with no background knowledge.

Attending lectures is important:

They go through useful concepts that are not really covered elsewhere in the course and the lecture slides alone are not sufficient to fully understand what was taught in lecture.

There were a number of documentary screenings during lectures over the sem. Info from the documentaries will be useful for finals, attending lectures will let you know which parts of the documentaries you need to pay attention to.

Prof Shirly is very kind.

Tutorials and tutorial presentations:

Courtesy of the wonderful graduate TA that helmed tutorials when I took this mod (Ms. Raksha Kirpal Mahtani), tutorials were, at once, productive and low-pressure.

Tutorial presentations: Most sociology mods seem to have a tutorial presentation component. At the beginning of the semester, students will be assigned to a particular week and they would then have to prepare a presentation (and usually facilitate discussion for) the week’s readings. Here, being concise is key, do not be afraid to cut out large parts of the readings for your presentation.

Though, the readings outside the textbook can be overwhelming:

There are a few readings from the ~19th Century that can be tricky to navigate (vis-à-vis old fashioned academic language). These are classic works in sociology by the field's founding fathers (Marx, Weber, Durkheim). But, fret not, the concepts covered in these readings are also covered in the textbook in a more digestible form. So, do not make the mistake of spending too much time deciphering these classic readings.

And there are a few other quite lengthy, info-overload papers. Be selective in identifying which parts to pay attention to and which parts to skim over.

Term paper:

Involved writing about a social issue of your choice that fell into one of 3 broad categories (racial profiling, gender discrimination or class inequality).

This will probably be one of sociology students' first experiences with academic writing. Don't be too intimidated, the syllabus lays out a clear structure to follow in writing this paper.

I intend on writing a more comprehensive guide to academic writing but for now, to do well for this essay, I suggest you do a lot of research on your chosen issue and the sociological concepts you intend on using in the paper (and make a plan before you start writing!).

Finals (essay-based):

Even though the content was relatively easy to understand, there was a lot of it.

Understanding the broad concepts and processes in the mod is, of course, the most important thing to do.

Secondary to that is cherry picking case studies/examples from the readings to supplement your answers.

HS1002 Singapore Society in Transition

Course Type: Major Prescribed Elective (compulsory), 3AU Course Coordinator, Lecturer: Assistant Prof Ye Junjia When I took it: Y1S1, AY2022-2023 Assessment structure:

Class participation - 15%

Group in-tutorial presentation - 15%

Term paper - 30% (Due: Week 7)

Finals (essay-based) - 40%

TL;DR: Again,  not hard, not easy and attending lectures is important. For tutorial presentations, focus on facilitating discussion rather than summarising content. Don’t be intimidated by the term paper, as long as you nail the basic elements of a paper, you can do well. For finals, keep in mind the main theme of the course ‘transition’

What is this mod about?

This mod is a sociological overview of Singapore: its history, how it is today, and how it might be in the future. Specifically, the mod explores how SG has been governed and how that has shaped its society. Some topics include: gender & family; race & ethnicity; public space; civil society; migration.

Once again, attending lectures is important:

I found that lectures went through the core, most important ideas which were supplemented by the readings. Lecture content gives you the necessary framework to understand the readings and clues you in as to which parts of the readings are most important

Also, the lecture slides are pretty bare bones. They won’t be too useful to you if you don’t attend the lecture.

Readings:

Compared to HS1001, I found that HS1002 had a heavier reading load. Though, most of them are easy enough to grasp.

Again, readings will provide you with a lot of supplemental information; do not attempt to memorise everything, pick out several key examples when studying for finals.

Some readings will introduce other concepts that weren’t really covered in lectures. In my experience, I don’t think that these are too important, I think that you can do well in finals without them. Instead, use the readings to build on the core ideas from lectures.

Tutorials and tutorial presentations:

Tutorials revolved around student presentations. In my tutorial group, we didn’t do anything other than listen to student presentations and engage with their discussion questions

Prof Jia emphasised that the presentations should mainly be about on facilitating discussion (as opposed to being a regurgitation of the readings by students). However, it played out very differently in my tutorial group. The presentations essentially became ~30 min lectures with some breaks for discussion questions. I think what happened was: early presenters focused on regurgitating content and everybody else was subsequently pressured into doing the same. As a result, the presentation became a rather demanding. 

That said, I think that essentialising your presentation’s content and focusing on facilitating discussion (via discussion questions, debates, Kahoot, etc) is for the best, even if everyone else seems to be doing presentations deep diving into the readings. Your presentation will be far more engaging and a lot less onerous to prepare for.

Term paper:

HS1002′s term paper was due mid-semester, which is a bit out of the ordinary but not a bad thing, you’ll likely be juggling several other deadlines towards the end of the semester. So, this paper was the very first experience with academic writing for many soci Year 1s.

Accordingly, there was an (ungraded) abstract that you had to submit before the paper. This was probably just for the TAs to make sure you were on the right track. This is a good opportunity to get some feedback on your paper so take this seriously, even though it is ungraded.

The topic for the paper is very broad -- any issue related to Singapore, essentially. This meant that I had difficulty deciding on a topic/research question. My advice: don’t waste too much time trying to think of a unique or impressive area of study, it’s fine to write about a generic topic.

Also, given that almost everyone will be new to academic writing, it won’t be hard to do well in this paper. Getting the baiscs of writing a paper correct will be enough for a good grade (i.e. Organised structure; a research question/argument; coherent writing; proper citating and formatting).

Finals:

Take direction from the core concepts from lectures in your revision. Do not blindly memorise content from the readings.

Do not study the weekly topics in isolation, think about how they interact. This will be crucial for finals. And relatedly,  think about the main theme of the course ‘Singapore society in TRANSITION’ -- how has society transitioned/changed?

I found it helpful to put together a short timeline of major developments in SG’s history with info from lectures and various readings.

Dust off your exam taking skills and try to craft some essay questions and attempt to answer them.

Some thoughts from myself:

I really enjoyed this mod. Not only is Prof Jia a wonderfully engaging speaker, the content content of the mod was very eye opening; it called into question a lot of the taken-for-granted beliefs that we might have about SG. I feel like I have a more holistic understanding of SG society now.

HS1003 Social problems in a global context

Course Type: Major Prescribed Elective, 3AU Course Coordinator, Lecturer:  Assoc. Professor Sulfikar Amir When I took it: Y1S2, AY2022-2023 Assessment structure:

Class participation - 10%

Group in-tutorial presentation - 20%

Term paper - 30% (Due: Week 13)

Finals (essay-based) - 40%

TL;DR: The presentation/essay assignments were pretty demanding (if you wanted to do well, anyway). The mod’s content is not difficult to comprehend, finals were relatively manageable. The topics from the first few weeks are especially important. If you’re aiming for an A+, thorough knowledge of the readings is necessary, with regards to finals. Otherwise, understanding lecture content, its broad concepts, is all you need to do decently for finals.

What is this mod about?

Contemporary globalisation is the central theme in this mod. Each week typically looks at a set of social problems and how they relate to/are created by globalisation. Some topics include: crime; poverty and inequality; technology; war.

Lectures

And once again, attending lectures is important. But probably more important for this mod than others. Prof Amir has a few ‘whiteboard style’ lectures. That is to say, a lecture comprised of mostly verbal communication and some mind-mapping-type drawing on the whiteboards with very minimal slides. You will be completely lost without attending lectures.

The first few topics covered in the mod are particularly important.

They are broad, foundational concepts that are the mainstays of the rest of the mod’s content (e.g. social structures, global division of labor, neoliberalism). So, make sure to establish a strong understanding of these topics early on. These should be the first topics you revise in your preparation for finals.

Readings and finals

With the exception of the first few weeks of content, the readings didn’t seem to be too important in the rest of the mod. However, I was rather blindsided during finals for this mod. without revealing too many details, the exam questions made explicit reference to several readings. This was surprising because we never really went through any of that in lecture or tutorial. Had I known that, I would’ve studied the readings in greater depth.

Tutorials 

I just want to say that the TA for my batch was so incredible in all respects. (Thanks for everything, Ming Wei!)

Tutorial presentations and the social problems essay

These are individual and connected assignments. In the presentation, we had to go through the outline of our essays, answer questions from the audience and receive feedback. Like the other mods, we were assigned a topic at the beginning of the semester and had to present and write our essays about the assigned topic.

There is a fairly set structure to the essay: describe your chosen problem, explain the problem with sociological concepts/theories, and link it all back to globalisation. The tricky part of this essay is weaving these 3 parts into a seamless, coherent argument (and you do, in fact, need to have an argument; your essay cannot simply be a description of a social problem)

My advice: read widely in search of the sociological concept(s) you choose to use in your essay; a very common mistake people made was to invoke ‘cOnFliCT thEoRY’ which is probably better described as an overarching paradigm in sociology rather than a theory.

Regarding the presentation, I can’t speak for future batches, this might depend on your TA, but in my experience, presentation skills did not seem to matter as much as the content of your presentation. It was alright to read off a script, to have not-so-pretty slides. 

More importantly, the presentation is a fantastic opportunity to get feedback on your essay. So, even if you were unlucky enough to be assigned a week 3 presentation slot, take this very seriously.

On a final note, this presentation and essay were the most difficult and demanding assignments I did that semester. Though, they were also the most rewarding. I’m quite proud of the essay I ultimately produced and I think the process of researching for and writing this essay really upgraded my writing skills.

[stuckinapatriarchalbullshitland]

I wasn't sure I wanted to talk about this at this hour, but since I'm a hopeless insomniac, I wanted to vent folks.

I wanted to talk about Lauren's Zoom that she did yesterday. I'm not going to dwell too much on what she mentioned about trauma and healing, because her speech almost made me cry and realize even more that I really need to go to therapy because I've been living on autopilot for too long.

No, that's not what my vent is about. It is more than anything about the drama with this artist and what happened between the two and that she explained in broad strokes. She said they shared a joint and the guy thought because they had kind of gotten close to him it meant he could lead to them having sex or something, when Lauren just walked over and they shared the joint and she walked away. went and forgot about him. Something that of course seemed terrible to him and curiously, years after that event happened, he brings it to light only because he needs a promo for his music and by the way he followed Camila on IG because, why not right?

A guy that doesn't have anything to do with the girls 😑

But other than that. That kind of toxic behavior of some men who think that because a woman is nice to them, that means that she is looking for something more and when a woman says no, the world falls on them. It's a tragedy for the guys that a woman can say no to them. Disgusting.

Fragile masculinity. Lauren also expressed that concept. One that is really worthy of psychological and sociological study

Personally, I've always been a fan of this kind of stuff and one thing I've learned from serial murder cases and people with messianic leanings is that they have something in common. Almost ninety percent of those cases always involve men of a certain age and social status. Most of them who have lived a life full of untreated childhood traumas and sometimes with a high intellectual level.

Those details have always made me wonder if there is a predisposition of the male brain to develop these types of mental disorders or is it a mixture of that plus a patriarchal society that has contributed to these types of things?

With this I do not mean that women are not also affected by the same concept, but there are not many documented cases of female serial killers as there are among men. This is not about a specific topic of sex but of brain.

Because in that sense it is always the woman who has to take care of a man with fragile masculinity and not the other way around. Perhaps man has been dragging for centuries part of the brain configuration of the "caveman" that he had to kill to survive, although I am not even sure if that concept existed in ancient times.

I really don't know, but I'd love to look into it. Thanks for putting up with this rant a little long folks, but I loved the talk Lauren gave yesterday so I had to say something about it

[disasterhumans]

i swear this isnt malicious, im curious. if its not okay to have a sentient species be 'evil' or 'good,' (and yeah, both are lazy at best), why is it okay for /creatures/ in DnD to be 'evil' or 'good'? why is it okay for less humanoid sentients, like dragons, to be 'chromatic is evil' and 'metallic is good'? and if we recognize traits even within species in real animals (like labradors being really mellow dogs compared to huskies being high strung) why is it awful for sentients to be different?

[Heads up to critters avoiding C1 spoilers that there is some discussion of the Chroma Conclave arc in this post. It’s not super detailed, and doesn’t spoil specific plot points; it’s mostly general analysis of the framing plot of that arc.]

I’m not sure that I do think it’s okay for sapient creatures to be “evil” or “good.” Or at the very least, I’m not sure it makes sense for sapient creatures to have ingrained moral alignments. At the same time, even just bringing it down to semantics, it’s different to have an evil “race,” versus an evil “creature.” It’s a distinction that gets wibbly, because of course Orcs are just as fictional as dragons. But where Orcs were derived from existing racial stereotypes, dragons are derived from folklore and fairy tales. Part of the point I was making in my previous post is that the moment the word “race” got involved in the project of essentializing traits in fantasy species, the concept became inextricably linked to our real world understanding of race.

“Monsters” and “creatures” are often used as allegories in the stories they appear in–this is how the Chroma Conclave works in campaign 1. Sure, Vorugal, Umbrasyl, Raishan, and Thordak all have character and personality traits. But Matt’s construction has them representing traditional “vices” (wrath, pride, greed, vanity, etc.). It doesn’t make any particular sense why a red dragon is vain, or a green dragon is deceitful, but those details are drawing from a narrative tradition of using symbolism to represent specific themes and attributes. I don’t think that having inherently evil dragons contributes to the problem of implying race has a determining factor in morality in the same way having inherently evil Orcs, Goblins, or Drow does. At the same time, I think that it’s a weak narrative tool if you’re planning on having dragons populate your world as actual characters (and not just allegorical figures). 

The fact that J’Mon Sa Ord is a fully developed character with motives, beliefs, and goals, where most of the Chroma Conclave exist as caricatures* doesn’t make a whole lot of logical sense. What allows metallic dragons to be paragons of virtue and to operate within humanoid cultures, where chromatic dragons are seemingly only interested in acquiring wealth and power? What prevents J’Mon Sa Ord from being a black dragon versus a brass dragon? There may not be anything “wrong” with chromatic dragons being inherently “evil,” but what purpose is it serving? I get that when it comes to role-playing games and world-building that it’s sometimes easier to paint with a broad brush: if your hero can identify an evil dragon on sight, it makes saving the world a lot easier. That doesn’t mean those decisions don’t have broader implications.

I think this question hits at two separate–if intertwined–conversations about some of D&D’s fundamental building blocks. You’ve got the conversation about representations of “race” in the game, and the moral alignment system that makes up a large mechanical component of the game. I have a objections to D&D’s morality system that are entirely separate from my issues with how D&D canon handles race. Morality (much like racial traits) gets simplified into something that can be quantified or fixed, ignoring the ways morality actually operates in the world. I understand the way mechanizing this concept provides a foundation for entry into a complex gaming system. I even think there are creative ways to use and explore the alignment system–sometimes the constraints of a rigid system allows you to explore what happens when you push up against those very boundaries. But the alignment system often logically falls apart the longer you look at it.

As far as personality traits in other species goes: first off, I don’t think dog breeds exist as a helpful point of comparison for this conversation. I am not an animal behaviorist, nor a biologist, so I’m not going to go into the concept different dog breeds having different observed temperaments. I am also not a philosopher, so I’m not really equipped for a larger conversation about sentience vs. sapience. But, the important thing about sapience over sentience, is that sapient beings generally understand the concept of there being “right” and “wrong” actions, and make decisions accordingly. There’s a reason why beasts in D&D are unaligned: non-sapient creatures act primarily on instinct, without regard for morality. 

I will also point to something I said toward the end of my earlier post–“seemingly inherent racial/species differences can be rooted in things that are legitimately value-neutral qualities of your fantasy race.” I don’t think that it’s “awful” to suggest there might be inherent differences across species. You could, for example, have one race in your world have, on average, higher levels of serotonin. That’s not going to markedly affect their actions and morals, beyond them generally having a happier disposition and better executive functioning skills, perhaps. 

The idea that different races are inherently more aggressive, or virile, or “lazy,” are all based in racist and eugenicist logic. That’s without even getting into the way specific fantasy races have drawn on specific racial stereotypes. The very idea that there is some biological imperative involved in morality or behavior is specious. And, look, I get that not every sci-fi/fantasy writer has studied race, gender, and sociology. I get that these things are ingrained into our understanding of the genre. It’s easy to fall back on those narrative and world-building shortcuts when creating a story or setting. I’m not trying to make a value judgment or moral accusation against the writers at Wizards of the Coast. However, I think it’s important to point out the places where creatives are (often unintentionally) reifying negative social dynamics.

At the heart of it, I think the idea of inherent morality is limiting. It limits the stories you can tell, the types of characters and cultures that exist, and it limits an audience’s understanding of what their own world looks like. Fantasy isn’t exempt from acting as a mirror to the “real” world. Its representational work may happen on the level of metaphor and allegory more often than realistic fiction does, but it’s ultimately still exploring themes that connect to the world the audience lives in. By questioning the default assumptions we’ve come to take for granted in the genre, we open up new, and more complex stories to explore and share.

*Two things on my Chroma Conclave comments: 1) I think Raishan exists outside my framing of the Conclave as caricatures–on an allegorical level her “vice,” pretty much requires she have more dialogue. We also see Raishan interact with VM more than any of the other conclave members. At the same time, Raishan plays into a whole other narrative trope which links disease to corruption and failed morals. That’s not a conversation I really want to have right now, but I think it’s generally important to keep in mind that a lot of tropes that exist in fiction are drawn from stereotypes and prejudices aimed at various disenfranchised populations. 2) Absolute none of this was meant as a dig on Matt. I enjoyed the Chroma Conclave arc, and found the allegorical aspects of it to be intriguing.

[nopperediting]

Tamara K. Nopper Editing tnopper.editing AT gmail

Hiring an editor is an investment in both your intellectual project and your professional advancement.

Many people dedicate extensive time, skills, and emotions to exploring ideas and trying to pose and answer intellectual questions in writing and want to be published. Ideas are meaningful and so is the time and work put into committing them to the page. Getting published can also impact earning an income or landing or keeping a job. Taken together, getting published is about fulfilling our intellectual vision and purpose as well as meeting professional obligations and goals. But many struggle to express themselves as writers or to complete projects.  And at times, this struggle can have negative consequences for careers. The stakes are high and the publishing industry is just that, an industry. So too is academia.

As an editor, I can help. And as a researcher and writer who has had my work reviewed and published, I can relate. Unlike a friend or colleague, who may read primarily for interesting content or intellectual merit, I read for all of this and engage in the series of tasks necessary for improving the quality of writing and having the document as publishable as possible.

I draw from my extensive experience in research, writing, editing, reading, teaching, and curriculum development to help authors complete their writing projects and stay focused on deadlines and long-term writing and career goals. And I am really good at what I do. Some people may write well or read and understand what was written. Many may have interesting ideas and be great verbal interlocutors. But they cannot always explain to others how to strengthen their writing, the mechanics, logic, and steps of getting from one stage to another, or how to situate work in intellectual conversations or the market. Nor can they always help someone organize and complete an entire book. I can.

Along with my skills, experience, and knowledge of the publishing industry, I bring to my editing a key principle: I don’t edit and tell, i.e., I am discreet. While an editor is not a friend, being privy to sensitive information (doubts you may have about your research and writing or how you feel about your boss, your colleagues, your department chair, someone whose work you are writing about, or a co-author) is often part of the editing process and being able to trust your editor is important for your writing and the completion of your project.

In this spirit, I do not post the names of my authors on my website. I have positive reviews from my authors and, with their permission, I may provide their information for references.

Specialties:

I specialize in working with (but not limited to) academic and non-fiction authors.  Along with working with authors published by trade presses, I have collaborated with scholars working on their first book for tenure and those writing their second or third books post-tenure, with scholars submitting articles for peer-reviewed journals, scholars writing case studies, and graduate students working on dissertations. My academic clients represent and engage various disciplines, including Sociology, Political Science, Philosophy, History, Africana Studies, Anthropology, Public Health, Urban Studies, Education, Ethnic Studies, Religion, Women’s and Gender Studies, Asian American Studies, English, Science and Technology, and Business. The home institutions of these authors include Columbia University, University of California Berkeley, University of California Irvine, University of California Riverside, Rutgers University, Johns Hopkins University, University of Toledo, Morehouse College, DePaul University, Penn State University, University of Pennsylvania, Ohio State University, The City College of New York, Northwestern University, Georgia State University, The University of Colorado Boulder, Roger Williams University, Princeton University, Drexel University, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, University of Massachusetts Boston, University of Oregon, Wesleyan University, Rhodes College, Villanova University, University of Southern California, and San Jose State University.

I have also worked on trade press books, some by authors who have a strong cultural imprint through other mediums. Some trade press books I’ve worked on are post-tenure books written by academics w looking to expand their audiences, reach, and writing style. 

Regardless of the type of book or press, I work with my authors to meet their stated research, publishing, and career goals. In this vein, I consider what future publications may be generated from what they have written thus far and how their current projects fit in with their larger professional goals. I also bring to bear my knowledge of the industries of publishing and higher education. Basically, when I read and edit I pay attention to both the intellectual contributions and marketing opportunities.

Additionally, I have freelanced for several trade presses. My work with them includes serving as a liaison between authors and publishers, developmental editing, copyediting, proofreading, and permissions.

Finally, I have worked with authors, particularly scholars, on making their research and academic writing more accessible to a broad readership in terms of writing, presentation, and formatting. Most recently, I collaborated with The University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy and Practice (SP2)  on the major project Top Ten, which involved working closely with faculty authors on book chapters, facilitating writing workshops, and presenting to the board of SP2.

Editing and writing experience:

I have written academic and non-academic publications. Additionally, I have guest edited academic journals and edited and co-written community organization newsletters, magazines, and brochures, taught as a professor of writing intensive courses at universities, developed writing curriculum for university certification, and was employed as a tutor at the Temple University Writing Center. I have also been employed as an international business consultant for the Temple University Small Business Development Center, conducting research and writing extensive reports for U.S. small firms with international operations; these reports detailed foreign markets, relevant foreign government offices and policies, global banking, industry and business forecasts, and entry strategies. At the Fox School of Business at Temple University, I trained students in the International Business Practicum to conduct this type of business research and write reports for small firms with international operations.

As a well-published author, I have experience working with editors for a variety of publications (academic and non-academic), including proposing special issue journals and individual submissions, writing and submitting articles and chapters for consideration, and responding to editorial comments and reviews. I also serve as a reviewer for academic journals.

Editing services:

Conceptualizing and drafting the writing project

Developmental editing: editing for structure, organization, logic, consistency,

Line editing: editing for language use, tone, redundancy, and better wording

Copyediting: proofreading, formatting, style consistency, flagging for factual errors

Research and fact checking

Indexing

Bibliographic work

Responding to reviews and revise and resubmits

Writing coaching

Contact information and pricing:

Please contact me at tnopper.editing AT gmail to schedule a brief, free consultation to discuss your editing needs and pricing.

[valleyofrogues]

I'm just spilling.

It's late and I'm bored, so of course my mind wanders, right? I was thinking about MBTI, and about two types specifically: ENFPs and ENTPs. To my knowledge I only know two of the former and one of the latter. My ENFP friends are both wonderful and I love them dearly, but the ENTP I've had many sour experiences with and I won't lie; being around them kind of racks my nerves a bit. It's not their fault, but I know how an unhealthy (very stressed, suspicious, paranoid) ENTP can become, and it has kind of put me off to the type. This is all based on my experiences with only one ENTP, and the "fear", I guess, isn't a hundred percent rational, but I have seen many of the traits in the ENTP I know in others, and I think that without more positive experiences I may have inadvertently conditioned myself to stay away from them. I feel a bit guilty about that. But I can't just rag on my one ENTP; I do feel the need to say that conversations with this person, when they are in a healthy state of mind, are always very enjoyable -- there's almost no comparison to having a good conversation with an ENTP. We bounce off each other well, the ENTP challenges me, and I believe I help grant the ENTP a deeper understanding of the topic at hand (not the cliché "deeper", but in contrast to broad thinking, or rather, getting to the root of the discussion rather than dancing in the whole topic). I also really appreciate their perspectives and occasional devil's advocate input. All in all, 11/10 conversationalists, but those with underdeveloped Fe...

As for ENFPs, my experiences have been dramatically different. Completely the opposite, in fact. That isn't to say there has been no negativity whatsoever, because that would be unnatural, but overall my friendships with them have been far more positive. There's a lot to be said about how not only Ne and Ni complement each other, but how Fe and Fi interact in conversation (especially on the subject of humanity, sociology, psychology, etc). Even smaller things like a shared love of imagination and fantasy, the wanting to play pretend even as we get older, artistic appreciation -- they have all added up to wonderful mutual friendships, where I feel like I am always with like-minded company in one way or another. I have never felt out of place with ENFPs.

Which brings me to the tippy top of this train of thought: I had no idea I could be so susceptible to my own experiences. Could you tell, by reading the first paragraph on ENTPs, how hesitant I was with my thoughts? What did I choose to say, where did I place it, but most importantly... What didn't I say? And how naturally did the second paragraph flow when I talked about two people I trust and hold dearly? I didn't struggle at all coming up with their positive attributes, and as I'm typing this now I noticed that I didn't list any negative ones. I guess... They can take over the conversation sometimes?

I shouldn't be surprised, but in a way I am. I try to be as self-conscious as possible in the sense that I want to be aware of myself and how I treat and interact with other people. I am always self-evaluating, reflecting on myself, and wondering where and how I could be better. It didn't occur to me just how sour my view of ENTPs have become of late without my noticing. After having gone through so much horrendous BS with only one ENTP for over six months, I have unintentionally projected my own insecurities and fears onto them. As I said, I only know the one, and I haven't talked to many others -- especially not after what this particular ENTP has put me through. But in all honesty, I know the kinds of thoughts I have aren't fair to an entire group of people who don't deserve baseless scrutiny, and it would be nice to hear the thoughts of a more... Stable ENTP than the one I know. I don't want to fall into a hole I can't climb out of by lumping so many into such a narrow way of thinking, but knowing myself I'd forget all about this, get distracted with new negative information, and the cycle would begin again. This is clearly my responsibility, and it is my choice to feel a certain way about strangers, but I'm sure you know what I'm getting at.

Aaaaaaaanyway that's all from me :///// honestly I'm only awake right now because some idiot on ANOTHER STREET is playing music just loud enough for me to hear all of their bass. It's just........... Could someone please murder their car speakers? I'm so tired.

[ireadathing]

Loleen Berdahl and Jonathan Malloy, Work Your Career: Get What You Want from Your Social Sciences or Humanities PhD

This book has been so helpful to my thinking. After spending the late winter and spring of this year trying to write a SSHRC application, I started feeling so... frustrated and not excited about so many things--about my research (and my vague sense of it); about my prospects of being in the world if I pursued a PhD; about the UofT Archives, oddly, because I know there's cool stuff in there, I just wasn't finding it; about the relevance of my research interest and the way I'd have to warp my interests, which are ultimately more divergent and creative than traditional “research”, for academia. 

So I picked up this book, and the more I read the more clear eyed I felt about pursuing academia vs. not. I made a list of pros and cons. The list of cons was expansive compared to the pros.

I decided to think on it. On Wednesday of that week I talked to some friends of mine on the phone and the fact that I was thinking about not doing a PhD came up. I didn't want to be boring or take over the conversation with it, but they asked and so I sort of word vomited about my thinking. About how I want to be doing something concrete in the world - I've been thinking this in particular in light of the pandemic. And how it's occurred to me that not doing a PhD doesn't mean I won't be a person who thinks and reads and produces things. I can do all of those things in a different way, in a different context.

I also had an interesting conversation with Andrew on one of our walks about how I've felt a certain amount of pressure to do something extraordinary - for reasons I won't get into here. And that has prevented me in some ways from logically seeking out more practical options.

I want to be of use in the world. And I'm already excited about the things that I can do with my life that aren't this.

I think I would like to write an email to the professors who wrote this book to thank them. It’s so clear, logical, straightforward and practical. I’ve honestly never thought practically or intentionally about my life. I’ve never planned for things, at least not far in advance. I think I’ve been scared to work with the actual substance of my life and instead of staying hidden in a few removed dreams.

I'll also write a few notes from it here, because I think it’s so generally useful:

---

Chapter 1 - Get What You Want from your PhD

“Rather than moving through your doctoral program with your eyes solely on the next step, we will push you to maximize your personal agency and strategically position that next step into the larger context of your career trajectory. What those steps and trajectory are is ultimately up toy ou; this book is oriented toward helping you decide what is best for you.

To achieve this, we structure our guidance around an overarching question for you to continuously ask yourself:

Given both my future goals and the information currently available to me, what is my best decision right now?

...The question forces you to explicitly consider your future goals, and to be realistic as you do so. It pushes you together whatever information is available to you and to go beyond relying on what you presume to be true or what your well-meaning but perhaps not fully informed professors and fellow students are telling you. T he question demands you to use the information you find to weigh your options as you make your choices. And the question requires you to continually reassess your decisions and to make corrections to your path as new information emerges, as circumstances change, as your goals evolve.”  (2-3)

“Making the best decision for yourself will not necessarily result in the exact outcome you predict; life lacks guarantees, and this certainly applies to the advice we provide. But ideally, by asking yourself this question about both your large and small decisions, and by continually returning to the question to reassess and change course as needed, you can avoid any future feeling of regret with respect to your career choices. You can also develop a sense of confidence that you are capable of making the best decision for yourself and that you can strategically pursue your own best interests.” (3)

“Table 1.1 Worksheet: Considering future goals and available information

Given both my future goals and the information currently available to me, what is my best decision right now

Questions to get you started:

Future Goals:

What kind of tasks do I want to be doing in my future work life?

What would my ideal work day look like? How do I envision balancing my future work and personal lives?

Where do I want to live? How important is that to me?

How much money do I want to make? How important is that to me?

What kind of difference do I want to make in the world? What do I consider to be meaningful work?

What do I like doing, both day to day and over the course of a year or more? What motivates and energizes me? What does the opposite?

Do I like immediate payoff and rewards? Or am I comfortable with investing for the long term, such as through a PhD, even if exact results are not guaranteed?

Information currently available:

What types of career skills are valued in the sectors that interest me? Do I feel I can build/acquire these skills?

What are the average PhD completion rates in my field? Time to completion rates?

In what careers do PhDs in my field work? Is a PhD necessary to do this work?

Who are recent PhD graduates in my field that I can identify as possible role models (or cautionary tales)?

What are my resources, personal priorities, and personal commitments at this stage in my life? How might they affect my pursuing a PhD?” (4)

“While many students have a single, narrow goal in mind--specifically, a tenure track university professor position--we encourage you to adopt a broader goal that takes into account all relevant information”  (7)

Proposed goal: a successful rewarding career that uses your talents and the skills that you’ve developed throughout your education

“Be conscious of current experience with particular competencies and what you can do to develop further. We suggest you create a portfolio that you update monthly with absolutely everything that is even remotely relevant as evidence of your competencies. Future You will be happy you did so” (13)

“Table 1.2. Worksheet: Creating your portfolio of career competencies

Career Competency | Examples of Evidence | Your current evidence | Options to build more evidence

Critical thinking and problem solving

written and oral communication skills

Digital technology

professionalism and work ethic

teamwork and collaboration

leadership

global / intercultural fluency” (13)

Informational Interviews

“One of the best ways to learn about career options and what specific careers are really like is to speak to individuals who are working in a field. Informational interviews are a standard way to do this: They provide inside information and allow you to build and expand your professional networks. The idea of cold calling strangers to ask to meet with them may make you uncomfortable, but informational interviews are common and you should not feel that you are making an unusual or outrageous request. In the early years of your program, such meetings will provide you with key insights on the competencies that are valued in different careers; in the later years of your program, these meetings may lead to critical networks that feed directly into your job search.

1. Establish a list of 20+ names

-brainstorm people you know personally

-ask those in your circle then move out to the true strangers realm

2. Make the request

-ask for a short meeting at their convenience, ideally in their office

-if in a different city, request a short telephone conversation

-clarify that you are not asking about a job, but rather than you are seeking information on careers more broadly

-request should be straightforward such as the following email:

Dear Ms. Adams,

I am writing to request a 20 minute meeting with you to learn more about careers in community relations. I am currently in the last year of my PhD in sociology and am curious to learn how community relations work. I am happy to meet with you in your office or speak with you by telephone at your convenience.

Thank you for considering this request. I look forward to hearing from you

Sincerely,

3. Prepare

-background research

-learn about org, field, individual

-prepare a specific list of questions to ask about what the job type entails what skills are involved and what the entry points are

-include in that list of questions a closing question that asks if they recommend addition people that you should talk to (and permission to use their name when contacting)

4. Work the interview

-use time to gather information and develop your professional reputation and networks

-arrive early but not too early, dress professionally, and be respectful of their time

5. follow up and reflect

-send a thank you email and keep a record for yourself of the date and details of the interview

-reflect on what competencies you learned to be valuable in that sector and consider how you might build experience with (and concrete evidence of) that competency

How can I cultivate a professional reputation

- a number of qualities tied to professionalism

-reliable, conscientious, and attentive to detail

-understand need for appropriateness relative to their circumstances and the importance of acting graciously

“at it’s core, professionalism is largely about treating others respectfully in a broad sense. When you make the effort to be punctual and to ensure that your work meets a particular standard and that your behavior is appropriate to the situation, you are showing respect for other people’s time, energy, feelings, boundaries, and so forth.” (138)

Adopting three mindsets will help you avoid unintentional disrespect:

1. Graciousness is not optional: A lack of attention to gratitude will seal your reputational coffin if you are not careful. Always say please. And, closing the loop, thank people when they do something for you, even if it is small, and even if they are your supervisor, instructor, or committee member. When people do things for you... they are giving you a gift of their time and attention... People typically notice when they are not  acknowledge for their efforts, and you can easily turn a potential champion into someone who has no investment in your success. If someone is helpful to or supportive of you, take the minute it takes to express your gratitude. IF someone provides you with detailed feedback on your work, provide a more lengthy posotive response (even if you don’t agree with their comments). If you intend to say thank ou but fail to actually do so, the person is left with the impression that their efforts are not valued by you or that you feel entitled, and that person will be unlikely to help you again in the future. Make it a habit to thank people within 48 hours for all things large and small. (139)

2. Your department is your workplace and the people in it are your colleagues... Professionalism requires a strong sense of context as well a respect for differences in power and authority. Here are somethings to avoid: being late; showing up at meetings unprepared, without a pen and paper or tablet / laptop and a clear purpose; profanity; discussion of illegal or illicit activities; sloppiness, be it in personal attire, non-proofread emails and materials, or data and file management; anything beyond light alcohol consumption.

3. All information is private unless you are told otherwise... you need to become highly sensitive to showing others respect by developing a hyper-instinct for discretion... sometimes it’s crystal clear; other times not. Always err on the side of caution, asking if something can be share. And if you are gossiping or voicing opinions about faculty, other graduate students, undergraduate students, staff or anyone else, know that it will get back to them or be repeated to someone else. If you wouldn’t say it to their face or send it to them in an email, rethink voicing it at all (140)

How can I be productive? 

Professionalism means doing what you say you will do and by when you say you will do it. You cement your professional reputation by getting things done--and done well, on or ahead of schedule. This requires the ability to manage time, resources, and energy to make things happen, over and over.

1. Make a list of what needs to be done

-write a list of everything you have committed to and the associated deadlines and organize the list by due date

2. Break activities down into smaller tasks, distinguishing between high- and low-energy tasks

create a more detailed list to create target completion dates to manage your time and energy

some taks must be done when you are at your peak and other tasks can be done when energy levels are lower

clearly label high and low energy tasks

3. Block work time into your calendar

the trick to getting things done (and don well and on time) is to schedule the work times into your calendar and to respect these times. Remember, an unstructured schedule and its illusion of endless time is yoru enemy; imposing structure on your day is necessary

- block off all committed times

-for each task and project, est. the number of hours you will need - because most things will take longer than you assume and to provide a cushion in case of unanticipated events - increase this number by 50%

-working back from the deadline, schedule task-specific working time in your calendar, assigning high energy tasks to the high energy time slot

this allows you to identify if you’ve taken on too much

4. Work your calendar

-execution takes discipline - honour your commitments

-many writing problems occur because people are trying to plan, write, and edit simultaneously. To get around this, start with a clear outline and then focus your daily efforts on small units within the outline. Allow yourself to put ideas in point form, making notes to yourself in the draft to be dealt with at a later time

-avoid the temptation to edit as you go

Networking

“you should develop equivalent summaries of yoru skills and competencies. Be able to speak convincingly and confidently about what you can do and why it is relevant and valuable. You set the tone. You’re a professional.” (153)

Launch your Career

“organizations...do not hire people for the sake of hiring them. They hire people because they have identified a need a gap--a problem-- and at least part of the solution is to hire someone to solve it.” (157)

Figuring Out What You Want to Do

-3 dimensions - activities, subject matter, work environment

Activities: What energizes you? What triggers your flow?  - look for ovrelap between dominant competencies and types of work that energieze you

-identify which activities jazz you up and which ones wear you out along with evidence and examples

Subject Matter -  What angers, inspires you?  areas you feel strongly about and where you dream of making a contribution

Environment - large or small? Dynamic or slower pace? Stability or change? Routine

Use this to identify 3-4 career options that might be a good fit for you - push yourself to break apart the components

After you narrow in on ideas, do additional roudns of informational interview, to gather information and build networks - research industries and sectors - listen to your gut

Approach as research challenge 

Tone: Optimism & Possibility

[bitch-a-la-mode]

What's it like being an anthro major? I've been thinking about going to back to school for it.

YAY! Something I know about! So basically Anthropology is the study of humans (in Greek “anthropos” literally means “human” and logos means “study”; it’s the study of humans!) One of the first things to know about anthropology is that there are 4 subfields (3 depending on where you are). These fields can be dissected into smaller fields, but for now the main fields are as so:

Cultural/Social Anthropology- basically the study of different cultures and societies. This study gets confused a lot with sociology. But, from my experience as a sociology minor, they’re pretty different. While sociology focuses mainly on creating arguments from statistical analysis, cultural anthro focuses on small groups, studying them, and writing about them (sometimes making comparisons or arguments). There are also smaller fields within this field that focus on specific things (so like my professor has her PHD in cultural anthropology, and she specializes in medical anthropology. She basically studies how medicine is different in one place versus the other and how things like gender, race, and sexual orientation effect the kind of care you get at a doctors office.) basically you can study pretty much anything and call it “culture”. Your choice of fashion is culture, your hair is culture, how you eat a burger is culture, everything is culture. This field can probably give you the most to work with. A big thing to remember is that you have to be very open minded when studying a culture.

Linguistics- now linguistics has become very popular in media recently to the point where people (especially people who don’t know much about Anthropology) think that it’s a independent field of study (which it is not, it’s a subfield). Because of its media attention, some people are kinda confused as to what they do. Linguists study language as you might have guessed. Now I’m not the biggest fan of linguistics so I might be a little biased or give you slightly incorrect information. But from what I know and understand, linguists basically study how language changes based on the language being spoken and the society. For example, the way you talk to your friend is different to how you would talk to your boss. Another big thing is how language changes based on historical influence. So like the way you use a word now is different from how you would have used it 100 years ago. Linguistics love slang. They love learning how to use words differently (I had a professor who didn’t understand why people used the word “mood” and once we explained it, she thought it was the most interesting thing ever and talked about it for 3 classes straight). They have all these fancy names for things in language like “phonemes” and in my opinion it’s probably the hardest subfield to study. They like dissecting grammar rules and understanding them on such a deep level that unless you dedicate all your time to this study, you’ll probably never fully understand it.

Physical/ Biological Anthropology: now there have been many debates about this field. While Anthropology is a social science, bio anthro does a LOT with the physical sciences (mostly biology, hence the name). A lot of universities consider it as a new degree and depending on the school, you could either get a degree in science or the arts. But I digress. Basically this field studies humans on a physical level. They like studying our relatives, the gorillas, and the physical aspects of humans. Evolution is their best friend! While cultural and linguistics studies ideas, bio anthros study the physical aspects of humans. I know a lot of people who get degrees in this and go to med school because you learn so much about the body! I’m pretty sure you have to take at least two courses on osteology (the study of the skeletal system) or anatomy. Basically from the top of your head to the soles of your feet a physical anthropologist will know and study this. (They also study other animals. They LOVE Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos.) A big field within this field is forensic anthropology. Those people study remains that are beyond recognizable for people like the police.

Archeology- now depending on where you are, archeology May or May not be a subfield of Anthropology. In the U.S. it’s a subfield, but in Europe (and maybe Asia?) it’s an entirely different field (so in these places there are only 3 fields of anthropology). Anyways, this field focuses on ancient human civilizations. And when I say ancient, I mean ANCIENT. I’m talking like even before the ancient Egyptians. Like, mostly cavemen. Unlike physical anthropologists, archeologists focus of humans that are long gone. A lot of people think this one is the coolest because of Indiana Jones, but it is far from that. Unless you’re really lucky, you probably won’t be going on expeditions. If you do, however, the chances of you finding some ancient temple are so rare it’s not even funny. Most of the time these crazy bastards will literally go into the desert and start digging. They find practically garbage and are amazed by what they find. What they like to do is find remains of ancient civilizations and try to piece together how the societies were like. For example, they’ve found remains of what is assumed to be a woman and inside what would’ve been her digestive tract, they’ve found traces of a fetus. They discovered that in this ancient society, if there was a premature birth, the people would have a ceremony and eat the fetus remains. They also use quite a bit of science, but probably not as much as physical anthropologists.

Anthropology is a social science, which means that you’re gonna study humans in some type of way. Like psychology, sociology, and all the other ‘Ologies’, this area consists of a lot of reading and writing. Basically all you’ll ever do is read one book after another, and write research papers. But if that’s your thing it’s pretty easy and nice. Like a lot of liberal arts degrees, you can’t do much with a bachelors unless you have a lot of experience or good connections. To get an internship in legitimate anthropology is so difficult, many require master degrees! But the nice thing is that it’s a liberal arts degree, emphasis on liberal! Many anthropologists may not be going on insane expeditions, but quite a few work in academia. Some publish work, some don’t. I have a friend who works a marketing internship and uses what he’s learned to attract certain demographics. I, on one hand, would like to work in a museum. There’s a bunch of stuff you can do with Anthropology! It can apply to every day life. And again, you might not be studying some rare species in the Amazon, but humans are all around us! We literally surround ourselves with humans, and we study humans! We literally surround ourselves with our work! Anthropology is all about observing and learning and if that’s what you like to do then I say go for it! It’s very rewarding in my opinion and as someone who did a complete 180 with her degree (I went from biomedical engineering to cultural anthropology) it is very rewarding if you truly enjoy it! And the thing is that humans will always be here, so however or whatever you study about humans, there’s always a way to incorporate that into your work. And again, Anthropology is such a broad degree choice than you can get a wide range of jobs that you can incorporate your lessons into.

If anyone thinks I might have been wrong in some way please add onto this! If you think differently I’d love to hear what you have to say

@cheesethenachos

[just-shaladin-things]

You really cant generalize that every piece of work that came out of hollywood as racist. Hw had been trying to present an idealized/ santized version of reality to the world and it failed. Reality is still messed up. Thats y hw is accused being out of touch w/ reality. So if hw cant even have that effect on reality what makes u think obscure fanfiction has that much power

And I really dont see u attacking hollywood. U choose to attack shippers who are mostly young artists and writers just practicing their creativity and improving their craft. These guys dont even have a platform that is far-reaching as any hw studio. And they are being shamed for liking and making things that dont adhere to ur narrow standards of morality

oh you’re back to ignore every single thing i type, how wonderful

do you have any idea how sociology works? like even a little bit. have you ever taken a soci course in your life. have you ever read about socialization or learned about cultures. i’m asking for a friend

also do you understand that the media that doesn’t reinforce white supremacy are so far and few between, and those media tend to have smaller fanbases because they receive less funding on average and less promotion, since hollywood values white people over poc

a k a, hollywood in general promotes white supremacy. of fucking course this is a broad, generalized thing, because that’s how society works. society doesn’t take one (1) non-problematic piece of media and create a perfect society based upon it. they take the thousands of media that we are faced with every day to create a generalized, overall picture of how people should act

also just because you don’t ~~~see~~~ me attacking hollywood that doesn’t mean i’m not. newsflash, asshole, this is a voltron: legendary defender discourse blog. not a “i hate all of media and i’m going to try to singlehandedly dismantle and entire institution by myself because i have some free time”

why the fuck do you want me to waste my time trying to fight against a sanctioned, ingrained institution by my fucking self when i could use my time in a more productive way, which is, *gasp* trying to affect the culture and norms of a smaller, less sanctioned website.

your head is literally so far up your ass, i’m bewildered at how wrong you are. please, for the love of all things good, learn a thing or two about how society actually fucking works (key terms: insititutions, culture, socialization, media, social groups, etc)

and leave me the fuck alone

[muabannhadatdananggiare]

What’s the function of the thesis declaration?

What’s the function of the thesis declaration writemypapers.org coupons?

The thesis statement guides you, helping you to concentrate pursuit paper and outline what you will really compose. It allows one to make clear your determine and thinking what is relevant and unimportant while you do your homework. Your quest paper needs to be thesis-driven. a highschool degree “report” will likely not get a moving grade. The thesis must pull together the analysis that follows. Your thesis statement must certanly be particular – it will protect just what you will really talk about in your quest paper and must certanly be supported with certain proof. The thesis statement frequently seems by the end associated with very first paragraph of the paper. At the beginning of your paper i ought to manage to find the thesis declaration. You“Where may be the thesis declaration? if we ask” you need to be in a position to point out it straight away.

How will you show up having a thesis declaration?

A thesis could be the consequence of a long reasoning procedure and careful deliberation after research. Formulating a thesis just isn’t the thing that is first do after reading a writing project. You have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships before you develop an argument on any topic. When you try this thinking, you are going to have a “working thesis,” a simple primary concept, a disagreement which you think you are able to help with proof but which will require adjustment on the way. Your subject may alter significantly so you may need to revise your thesis statement to reflect exactly what you have discussed in the paper as you write.

Thesis Statement Samples:

1) The non-thesis thesis: you need to have a stand or end that is you’ll by having a “non-thesis thesis.” a) Bad Thesis 1: inside the article, Stanley Fish demonstrates we don’t obviously have the best to speech that is free. b) Bad Thesis 2: This paper shall look at the benefits and drawbacks of particular limitations on free message. c) Better Thesis 1: Stanley Fish’s argument that free message exists more as being a governmental award than being an appropriate truth ignores the truth that even while a governmental reward it nevertheless serves the social end of fabricating a broad social environment of threshold that could eventually promote free message inside our country just like effortlessly as any law that is binding. d) Better Thesis 2: despite the fact that there could be considerable advantageous assets to hate that is restricting, the likelihood of chilling available dialogue on essential racial problems is simply too great and too much an amount to cover. 2) The thesis that is overly broad A thesis ought to be as specific as you are able to, also it must certanly be tailored to reflect the range associated with paper. It is really not feasible, by way of example, to publish concerning the reputation for English literature in a paper that is five-page. Along with selecting just an inferior subject, techniques to slim a thesis include specifying a technique or viewpoint or delineating limits that are certain. a) Bad Thesis 1: there must be no limitations regarding the First Amendment. b) Bad Thesis 2: the us government gets the directly to limit speech that is free. c) Better Thesis 1: there ought to be no limitations in the First Amendment if those limitations are meant simply to protect people from unspecified or elsewhere unquantifiable or unverifiable “emotional stress.” d) Better Thesis 2: the us government gets the straight to limit speech that is free situations of overtly racist or sexist language because our failure to handle such abuses would effortlessly claim that our culture condones such ignorant and hateful views. 3) The incontestable thesis: A thesis needs to be arguable. Plus in purchase for this to be arguable, it should provide a view that some one might fairly contest. Often a thesis finally claims, “people should always be good,” or “bad things are bad.” Such thesis statements are redundant roughly universally accepted that there surely is need not show the purpose. a) Bad Thesis 1: Although we possess the directly to say everything we want, we must avoid harming other people’s feelings. b) Bad Thesis 2: you can find constantly options to using racist message. c) Better Thesis 1: Whenever we can accept that psychological injuries could be just like painful as real ones we must restrict message which will harm people’s feelings in many ways much like the method we restrict message which will lead right to physical damage. d) Better Thesis 2: The “fighting words” exception to speech that is free maybe perhaps perhaps not genuine as it wrongly considers message being an action. 4) The essay that is“list thesis: A good argumentative thesis provides not just a posture on a concern but in addition implies the dwelling for the paper. The thesis should allow your reader to assume and anticipate the movement for the paper, by which a series of points logically shows the essay’s assertion that is main. An inventory essay provides no structure that is such to ensure various points and paragraphs look arbitrary without any rational link with the other person. a) Bad Thesis 1: there are lots of reasons we have to limit hate speech. b) Bad Thesis 2: a few of the arguments and only regulating pornography are persuasive. c) Better Thesis 1: one of many reasons we must limit hate speech the essential compelling people all relate to our reputation for discrimination and prejudice, and it’s also, finally, for the intended purpose of attempting to repair our troubled racial culture that we need hate message legislation. d) Better Thesis 2: a number of the arguments in support of regulating pornography are persuasive whether such a profession would be on a list of professions they would desire for their daughters or mothers because they ask pornography proponents to ask themselves. 5) The research paper thesis: an additional course this could be appropriate, and, in reality, potentially desirable. However in this type of program, a thesis declaration which makes a claim that is factual may be verified only with clinical, sociological, emotional, or other form of experimental proof just isn’t appropriate. You’ll want to build a thesis with a definitive judgment that you are prepared to prove using the tools you have available, without having to consult the world’s leading expert on the issue to provide you. a) Bad Thesis 1: People in the us are not prepared to give up on the concept of free speech today. b) Bad Thesis 2: Hate message could cause psychological pain and putting up with in victims in the same way intense as physical battery pack. c) Better Thesis 1: set up social notion of free message bears any regards to the fact of first amendment legislation and jurisprudence, its continuing function that is social a promoter of threshold and intellectual exchange trumps the call for politicization (relating to Fish’s agenda) for the term. d) Better Thesis 2: the many arguments resistant to the legislation of hate message be determined by the unspoken and unexamined presumption that emotional discomfort is trivial.

How can I understand if my thesis is strong? If there’s time, run it by a teacher or make a scheduled appointment in the composing Center getting some feedback (https://ift.tt/2BGQMlu). Also should you not have enough time to have advice somewhere else, you can certainly do some thesis assessment of your. When reviewing your very first draft of one’s working thesis, consider the following: 1) Do we answer comprehensively the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a thesis that is working allow you to fix an argument that misses the focus associated with the concern. 2) Have we taken a posture that other people might challenge or oppose? In case the thesis merely states facts that no body would, and sometimes even could, disagree with, it is feasible that you’re just supplying a synopsis, in the place of making a disagreement. 3) Is my thesis declaration specific sufficient? Thesis statements which can be too obscure frequently don’t have an argument that is strong. In the event your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see in the event that you could possibly be more particular: exactly why is something “good”; exactly just just what especially makes something “successful”? 4) Does my thesis pass the “So just what?” test? Then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue if a reader’s first response is, “So what. 5) Does my essay help my thesis specifically and without wandering? Should your thesis plus the human anatomy of the essay usually do not appear to get together, one of these has got to alter. It is ok to alter your working thesis to mirror things you have got figured away in this course of composing your paper. Remember, constantly reassess and revise your writing as necessary. 6) Does my thesis pass the “how and exactly why?” test? In cases where a reader’s very first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis can be too open-ended and lack guidance for your reader. See just what you can include to provide your reader a better take on the place from the comfort of the start.

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[dwestfieldblog]

SU SUNG’S COSMICS ENGINE!

More guerilla ontology (or as much as I can manage in a few pages)...Utopiate! Meanwhile, right here...the snakes of Orion continue their battle with the wolves of Sirius...Indeed do a multiple of conspiracies contend in the night. And in broad bare faced daylight too. Am I kidding? How seriously should you take a comedian? In Arabic, the words poet, prophet and madman are all interchangeable. I am none of these things. Hello. Being, distracted by 'reality'...Anyway...'Shepherdess no temptation that Poussin Teniers hold the key peace 681 by the cross and this horse of God I complete this daemon guardian at noon blue apples.' Ok?

'....Or was the final secret simply and bluntly, that there really is an interstellar ESP channel, to which you can tune in by meta programming your nervous system?'  (RAW) Anyone heard any new transmissions from UMMO recently? 

Been listening to several long lectures from the Psychedelic Salon podcasts  with Lorenzo, only found it two weeks ago on Archive.org. Endless fascination via Dr Terrance ('I'm somewhat immune to paranoia, so those of you who aren't...gaze in wonder') McKenna, the Beats, Leary, Hakim Bey and of course Robert Anton Wilson, jewels of human/cosmic wisdom/humour. A nice idea recommending more scientists, doctors and architects etc take mushrooms. (micro dosing in Silicon Valley had significantly positive results in problem solving.) Of course research into this was closed down as soon as drug companies got wind of it and ran to the various governments they help fund in return for brutal legislation against this.  

How many of us are 'criminals' simply because the donors to those who lead us do not want their programmes interrupted by anything they cannot control and pay for laws to be passed? Millions. Oil barons, weapons manufacturers, drug companies, fundamentalist religions all hindering our evolving in the name of greed for money and power. Obvious to say. Give 'em all mushrooms, deepen their perception, widen their truth, change their minds and open their hearts? (Pause for sardonic grin.) Those who feel powerless get used to being treated like cattle. And those used to getting their own way at the expense of others enjoy it and will continue.

And speaking of stasis and decay...America stepping heavily on its own dick again in Alabama with their abortion law, don't matter none if the foetus is caused by rape and/or incest...for it is surely against the will of God even though HE (arf) gave us free will. Bullburgers to that. The one who carries it, gives birth to it and is (in the majority of cases from the year dot) feeds and raises it, has The Right. Not God, man or the 'law'. Equal rights? Some men have never been equal to women. Some of us may have bigger muscles and better logic fnord but that is only enough for a certain type of survival. Life, liberty and the glorious pursuit of our penis...'Man is a fool, and woman, for tolerating him, is a damn fool'.Mark Twain wrote that. Bill Hicks had it right years ago...put all the unwanted babies on the steps of the courthouse and let the judges who pass such foul laws raise them. As one of the placards of the women outside the State House in (Sweet Home) Alabama read: 'Senators' mistresses and daughters will always have their abortion choice rights'.

Reminds me of an old song by Consolidated...'If you don't want a Nazi in your house, don't let one, don't know a fundamentalist till you've met one, if you memorized your civil rights, don't forget one, if you don't want an abortion, DON'T GET ONE! ...Do you think women want to kill their own babies...if you've got your own twisted baggage then maybe...'

The USA is 9.6 Million km squared with 328 million people, China has 17 million km squared and 1.4 billion people. Soon to be implanted with chips from Huawei, hi hi hi... 'A tyrant does not make his tyranny possible. It is made possible by the people and not otherwise'. Jack Parsons. On the desolate anniversary of Tienanmen Square today, it doesn't look as if the tyranny there is going to vanish for another few decades...and in America either/or maybe...

More religious news...The recent (ish) new law in Brunei where homosexuality was to be punishable by stoning to death has now been rescinded in the face of a small worldwide outcry. Ordained in the Koran, another holy book dictated by god to a chosen human, so no need at all to worry about being misinterpreted and getting lost in translation eh? A clear and perfect relay of information where an Infinite Being commands that no man may cuddle another man on pain of execution. Murder being acceptable when Big Daddy says so. The eternal and (non corporeal) Punishing Father figure. Ufff and a charming photo of a priest with a couple of young boys beside him burning Harry Potter books in Poland because apparently JK Rowling is working for Satan. No matter that the morals in her books are based on good triumphing over evil thanks to self sacrifice, friendships and the desire to save the world from badness. It has WITCHES and WIZARDS in it and magic and alchemy. No matter that Christ learned much of his healing and wisdom from John the Essene who also practised such things. Burning books...how quaint. Only fundamentalists, nazis and the scientific community (when faced with Wilhelm Reich's life work) do this. Well I only liked Snape anyway. And...fairy tales are now banned from many schools in Spain. More Roman Catholic common sense in action.  

Sudan and Libya raging again, encouraged by the Kremlin (but to be fair to them, they had plenty of useful lessons from watching the CIA at work in the seventies and eighties) Destabilisation is always a good way of creating power vacuums and making sure your chosen puppet ascends to the throne made of the skulls and gold of enemies. Kim Wrong Un took the slow train to meet Baldhead...the Pilsbury cheese dough boy now fat enough to feed an entire North Korean family living on donkeys and grass. Almost funny but mostly truly Disgusting. 43 percent of the populace (according to this years UN report) are suffering from malnutrition...600 escapees have given gave evidence. Tie him down to a feasting table...

Still amuses me (although with gathering darkness) that in seeking to regain 'control' of their own countries, so many are following the populists with their bigoted and fascist ideas, oblivious that the leaders of such parties are mostly being funded via the Kremlin. Speaking of which, nice to see the always decent and rational libertarian Steve Bannon assisting Le Pen in France. How many in Britain think that the Russian government is doing a good job? Are they thinking at all, or just looking forward to the chlorine washed chicken, hormone injected beef and genetically modified maize soon to pollute our green and pleasant fracked land from America? Yum yum yum, yab yab yab...

To be born British, is to win first prize in the lottery of life'. Cecil Rhodes. If blonde Boris wins, I will be VERY tempted not to get a new UK passport, I pray heartily that the the British people are truly not so mindwreckingly stupid to choose such a proven liar and self serving bullshit merchant. Inexcusable if they do as the USA.

The president speaks with a reptile tongue, trump behaving exactly as a chimpanzee alpha as shown on anthropological tv and in Reicheian psychology...loudest voice blaming other skin types for disease and crime etc. You are a foul stain sir, a smear on on the windows of perception. However, a Hansard Society survey was published by The Times...it seems that more than half of Britons now want to be led by a political 'strongman' who is 'willing to break the rules'. I have been writing and saying for the last thirty years that the political situation in the UK has been piece by piece, organised to influence the people to vote into office what I always called a British Stalin. Because everyone (most) are now SO deeply enraged with useless 'public servants', it would be a highly logical step and a simple way to democratically elect such a person. I expect either the next or next next prime minister to be the One. And then we can only hope that a V for Vendetta type scenario plays out before too many are rounded up and vanished. 

Worth inserting a longish salient quote from Robert Anton Wilson’s book Everything is Under Control; ‘...Dr (Willheim) Reich vastly offended many people by his sociological theory, which holds that fascism is just an exaggerated form of of the basic structure of sex-negative socities and has existed under other names in every civilization based on sexual repression. In this theory, the character and muscular armor of the average citizen -  a submissive and frightened attitude anchored in body reflexes- causes the average person to want a strong authority figure above them. Tyranny, in this model, is not created by tyrants alone but by neurotic masses who want tyrants. This quite possibly maybe explains much about the mentality of various countries and who they have (and continue to chose) chosen as their leaders.

Extinction Rebellion...sun shields in space? Forests of artificial trees to vacuum the Co2? hmmm...Biodiversity, a million species dying and unlikely to be saved, links in the chain being removed one by one thousand. Hard to be an optimist in the face of humanity knowingly getting to this point, having been told and shown over and over again. Dammed liberal atheist scientists spreading facts and proof just to get funding for their pet global warming projects eh? Take a look at all those who are against cutting carbon emissions, reducing arms and speak in favour of fracking, drilling for oil, deeper landfills (out of sight out of mind) genetically modified food etc and see whether there is common theme in their linguistics and behaviour patterns. Short term gain at the expense of the future and an almost evil approach to humanity. As if they have read The Power of Now and taken all the wrong inferences from it. Optimism takes will power, use it or lose it says the hyper manic 'realist', constantly looking for the next possible negative, reductio ad absurdum...

Loving diversity and collages (and goulash) I firmly believe in mixing the races and religions, (wherever and whenever and if ever they choose to intermarry... blend them all. Humanity will not become one homogeneous lump but a mass group of those evolved beyond the manipulations based on such, recognising the old hippy truth of one world and multi dimensions. The new wave or particle, depending what instrument of sense you use to perceive the phase transition. 'A society grows great when old men plant trees, whose shade they know they shall never sit in'..... 'If you are irritated by every rub, how will your mirror be polished?' Rumi

False users/sock puppets on facebook and twitter, ranting robots turned lose with a tap of a finger and blackmail swindles...One recent email to me in Chinese had two words in English, one of which was 'Bitcoin'. Translated, it read that the writer had my passwords and would release my browser history to all in my address book unless several thousand bitcoins were sent to an account. A month later a further email in bad English from a presumed female told me she had filmed our last sexual encounter years ago and all the depraved things we did...this too would be made public unless...Well good luck to you darling, porn comedies are always worth watching. Just as research of course. Ho was the Chinese god of laughter...

The Instagram suicide of the unhappy Malaysian teenage girl who asked in an on-line poll whether she should kill herself or not. 70percent of her followers said 'Do it' and are now facing arrest. Since day one of me first looking at the internet and the comments on twitter, youtube et al, it was immediately apparent just how many web users are dumb/souldead and have nothing to offer of any goodness. On all the online places where I exist in a twilight world, the comments are disabled. I make no money from my music or writing, I do it because I wish to and enjoy it...and already know I am an idiot without being told. (I I I...yuck, have to get back to E Prime and remove I and Is, life seems to deepen with freedom and happiness when this method is   (damn) applied.) I wish a safe journey with love to the girl for next time, never listen to those who are heartless. Vampires all.

Meanwhile...inside the epic of Gilgamesh and still swinging like an ape from the Golden Bough, the mind observing the mind, the heart feeling the heart, walking the May time streets dizzy with waves of empathy, going home to re-balance...from philosophy in the bedroom, to the universe next door, my flat with traces of lavender, cinnamon and patchooli with a hint of vanilla, coffee and yesterday night's marijuana smoke. A day of preparing and next morning early up the hill alone to the sunlit portal, half and half crossover, transmit and receive. Time dissolved the time dissolved, all in a dilation of an hour arf. Dionysus, Aphrodite and Apollo, walking hand in hand through the apocalypse...laughing with intent...'The uncanny...is just the right hemisphere's way of violently capturing our attention'. RAW.

I was given Oak, Holly and Hornbeam in a rescue remedy by a wise woman in a wooden room. A month after this cure for creeping horror, she gave me a bottle of good Irish Whiskey for my birthday, which (in spite of my liver and pancreas) was too beautiful to resist. Steadily drank it over the next three days of resurrection along with some high grade weed. In spite of how a lot of my writing may come across,  I hadn't smoked grass/dope since late 1994, yes really. Now I find I can multi task with total focus on all, listening to two hour lectures while listening to instrumental music, reading from a Kindle and writing at the same time. This works for about 150 minutes and then I need to go and lie down to dream,:-)

Information gathering speed until it becomes energy. Lost among the octaves.... inverted comas, images flash and then dissolve, they melt to universal. Nothing exists until it is perceived. The 'universe' didn't explode as such, but came through. Black holes inverted until gravity/pressure built up waves of energy and gave birth through the hole. All 'Illumination' ideas come from genetic/subatomic memory and the babys' memory of being born into the light. The process is repeated endlessly in infinite multidimensional loops. A chain of eternal creation and evolution. Easy eh?:-) And don't forget, a journey of a million aeons begins with but a single trip...

'Opinions result from perceptions and perceptions reinforce opinions which then further control perceptions, in a repeating loop that logic can never penetrate.' Stasis and decay result unless a little shock of the new is introduced one way or the other to 'startle the brain enough to reframe its experiences. Be aware of the God. If you are timid enough to stop with what is natural, Nature will elude your grasp forever' de sade. Who defines what is natural? Any old perverted psychopath with a quill pen? Take it easy or give it hard...

Our universe consists of 'non simultaneously apprehended events', which we process, interactively. This means we need to update our data often, in order to survive and evolve. The problem comes with those who just close down, especially dogmatic fundamentalists, when they believe they have found 'the truth'... The conspiracy of counter evolution stems from them. Keep updating your data...all the way back to the cosmic giggle )+(

[thecoroutfitters]

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[lovelikegravityofficial]

Truth...who needs that?!

“Fallacies do not cease to be fallacies because they become fashions.” GK Chesterton.

I know there is a lot going on right now. Everyday we seem to face some new giant. Even now, so much of the country is in literal and physical upheaval as people are leaving their homes to seek shelter from the literal storms of life. But lately I can’t help but ponder some of the other storms that we find tearing across our culture. Those that can’t be seen or felt so easily. I have always had a propensity for observation. Consistently and with great frequency, trying to see beyond the two dimensional framework of the mundane. It’s a part of my personality that I can’t turn off. I can’t help it. It’s just there. I don’t mean for that to sound like a negative because I don’t see it that way (though it can be painful to work through sometimes).

Most people wouldn’t know it (probably those who did have long since forgotten), but my best scores in college were in psychology & sociology. I didn’t even realize at the time exactly how fascinated I would become with them later in life or how well they would serve me in songwriting and sharing with people in my time out on the road. However, my greatest fascination came later in the form of philosophy. For those who don’t know philosophy came to us from the Greeks. Paul employed philosophy when he ministered the gospel in the first century and Peter encouraged sound apologetics (giving a reasoned defense for what we believe and why we believe that to be the best answer). Toward the beginning of Love Like Gravity, I became enthralled with apologetics. This led me into a variety of philosophical pursuits because it really helped me sort through so many areas of questions that I encountered (and still encounter). I am in no way a scholar in these disciplines, but I’ve studied some of the heavy weights in their respective fields and it has truly changed the way I think. It added a sense of accountability to the positions I would take on politics, religion, ethics, etc. In so many cases it gave meaning to seemingly dogmatic teachings from my youth while shining the light of truth on those areas of dogma that did exist.

As someone who has developed such a love for these discipline’s, I can’t help but ache and cringe as I watch critical thinking in our culture disintegrate. More and more we are witnessing the removal of logic and reason from it’s platform. As GK Chesterton once said, “of course truth is stranger than fiction because we have made fiction to suite ourselves”. For you see, whether realized or not, truth is the ultimate goal in all of our questioning. It was Winston Churchill that recognized, “truth is the most valuable thing in the world. In fact, it’s so valuable that often it’s protected by a bodyguard of lies”.

So, I honestly just felt compelled to lay a little groundwork that would hopefully inspire, help equip, maybe even challenge others in the pursuit of truth in a world that increasingly attacks the reality of truth with every emotional counterfeit.

So, how do we test the truth? There are 2 broad theories…

• The correspondence theory

• The coherence theory

For example, in a court of law when an attorney is weighing truth, he looks for 2 things. Do the answers correspond with reality and then, when all the answers are in, are these answers coherent?

Beyond that lies 3 more criteria for determining truth:

• logical consistency

• empirical adequacy (is it observably verifiable)

• experiential relevance (is it found to work in personal experience)

Everyday throughout the internet you find ideas foisted about as if they have met all criteria, without challenge. Unfortunately, far too often, they don’t pass the logical consistency test, let alone any of the others. But today, feelings are our rudder. Everything is relative and logic and reason have been cast aside. So many demand tolerance for their ideas yet they hold none for any opposing view. We have become quick to cry out, “well, that’s just your opinion”. However, we have to understand that if you are going to disavow someone’s worldview, then the worldview you elevate to the forefront must also be put to the same test and criteria.

So let’s talk sociology for a second. What kind of culture do we live in?

There are really only 3 cultures:

1. Theonomous

2. Heteronomous

3. Autonomous

⁃ Theonomous culture is basically the idea that God’s laws are so embedded within our hearts that we are all inherently coming from a similar starting point. Natural law would be another way that you might hear it stated. By the way, you hear so many say today that America was not founded on Christian principles. However, we were in fact, once upon a time a theonomous culture…”we hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator….”. Granted, we are no longer such a culture.

⁃ Heteronomous culture is when the mainstream of the culture is dictated by the leadership at the top. Marxism in secular terms would be a heteronomous culture as would be Islamic countries.

⁃ Autonomous culture is the idea that each person dictates his or her own moral prerogatives. (autos meaning “self” and nomous meaning “law”)

Now in case your head is still spinning from the terminology, we are at this point an autonomous culture. The problem with that type of culture is that without the theonomous or heteronomous elements, autonomous culture’s run in constant conflict where two sides are constantly in search of their own autonomy. For you see, if A has his belief and wants his autonomy & B has a different belief and wants his autonomy…there’s just back and forth with no resolution. Outside of theonomous and heteronomous cultures, there is no consistency. They remain in constant friction.

Now we need to understand that everyone has a worldview. What determines your worldview is the answers to these four questions at large:

• origin  (where do we come from)

• meaning (what is our purpose)

• morality (what we believe about right vs wrong)

• destiny (what ultimately happens after this life is up)

Whatever the answer, it must answer all four questions satisfying the aforementioned theories and criteria. Secularism, for example, may claim to answer 3 of those questions but even atheist philosophers concede that secularism falls short when it comes to morality. It’s an insufficient answer. However, western culture today no longer seems to concern itself with critical thinking. You see, philosophy is a reality of life. Whether you like it or not. Each has his or her own philosophy of life even if they don’t realize that they do or even consciously and fully understand what it is.

Ok, so philosophy comes in at 3 levels:

1. The laws of logic - where it comes through the front door of reason.

You see, this one troubles me greatly because, generally speaking, most have no concept of what logic and reasoning truly are. How often have you heard it said, “Well, I’m a very logical person.” or “I’m too logical to buy into that.” There are a thousand different ways you’ll hear that idea stated, but the problem with it is that at a general level they’ve made the definition of logic as equivalent to “common sense”. What most people fail to recognizes that logic and reasoning have laws that govern them. There are many sub categories (that I can’t list) but they’re all grounded in these 3 traditional laws:

• The law of identity: (where P is P).

• The law of noncontradiction: (where P can’t also be non-P).

• The law of the excluded middle: (where it’s either P or non-P, there is no middle                      alternative. In other words, two things may have something in common, but not necessarily have all things in common ).

So for example, it may very well be raining and not raining. However, it can’t be both raining and not raining at the same time in the same place.

  2. Imagination - where our philosophy comes in through the back door of the arts

By the loss of philosophical reasoning, we have cast out logic and moved directly to the arts to define the way we think. Fyodor Dostoevsky once said, “At first, art imitates life. Then life will imitate art. Then life will find its very existence from the arts”.

  3. Relationally - where our philosophy comes in through those “kitchen table” conversations

So the proper flow is for the argument to pass through logic and reason then illustrated through the arts and applied in the relational. However, our culture has removed the first step, while letting the arts give us our philosophy. I’m not sure if it was a quote or not, but I heard Ravi Zacharias once say, “we can’t allow the plunderer’s of imagination to take away logical and reasonable thinking.” “The music and the drama of the arts have taken over our thinking to an anecdotal point where we no longer have to rationally and logically defend it.”

To quote William Blake:

    This life’s 5 windows to the soul

    Distorts the Heavens from pole to pole,

    And leads you to believe a lie

   When you see with, not thro’ the eye

I realize ours is a secular, pluralistic society. That’s ok. At the end of the day, I guess, I find myself saddened by the lengths that the church has gone to embrace so many ideas and philosophies that don’t pass through any of the above criteria for truth. Instead we are making for ourselves another graven image…one right after another. A version of religion that suites us. We have tried to become the enlightened designers of our own relevant, high fashion faith. When in reality, viewed through the mirror of logic and reason, the emperor has no clothes. On social media today, you’ll find people sharing passages in Leviticus to shame fellow Christians on immigration issues while embracing a culture of homosexuality that’s prohibited just a few passages over. I’m not trying to debate either issue here. That’s not the point. I’m just highlighting the problems that we get into when we tailor truth to meet our own agendas.

The problem to so many is that logic can seem so robotic and sterile, but it’s not if we can find the proper way to present the question…I love the example Dr. Zacharias gave of the person who said .”whatever I do makes me very happy and that’s why I plan to pursue that.” So he asks, ok so are you willing to extend the same privilege to your neighbor if he turns out to be a bully and says,”this is what makes me happy so that’s what I plan to pursue”? You see, we run into problems with our own autonomy when these principles of logic and reason are applied. That’s why people evict them so readily. Again to quote Dr. Zacharias, “Subjective, emotional responses are not an adequate litmus test for whether or not something is true”. Unfortunately, so many of the issues plaguing us today are emotional and if we don’t learn to utilize these applications and put ideas and feelings through it’s tests, we are destined to be those who only see with the eye and no through it.

[jacobgsmith89]

What Are the Ethics of Car Repair?

The ethical relationship is about trust.

Trade and professional associations serve an important function within numerous industries. It’s a networking and business development space; but also a platform for accountability, continuing education, mentoring, and direct access to experts.

  Any organization can be a context in which corruption becomes systematized, so these entities are imperfect. There is a lot of diversity among associations – ranging from ones that have more scientific or knowledge-seeking emphases (e.g., Botanical Society of America, American Sociological Association, American Psychological Association) to ones that are more specifically based on exchanging business practices and ideas (Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, Diving Equipment and Marketing Association, and Specialty Wine Retailers Association, etc.).

  The best of these types of bodies make developing ethics and accountability central to their missions. A great example from the field of car repair is the American Service Association (ASA). Let’s go through some of the objectives or action items listed within the ASA’s Code of Ethics.

  Related: Why Care About Your Customers?

  To be clear, these ethical parameters are to some extent simply an expansion of, “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”; and these bodies do not hold the trademark on polite, conscientious, professional, friendly, and forthright behavior. Our shop doesn’t even belong to this group, or the one mentioned in the below section (a technician certification program). However, it’s helpful as a framework to discuss what matters to us.

  15 action items from ASA’s Code of Ethics

8 statements from the ASE-Certified Technician’s Code of Ethics

FAQ: Customer gains from an ethical auto mechanic

Your own ethical mechanic

  15 action items from ASA’s Code of Ethics

  Here are the ethical objectives – really vows or agreed on terms – presented by the ASA:

  To perform car repair at a reasonable price that is not inflated.

To only get parts and other supplies from vendors with established credibility.

To hire the most proficient mechanics available. (For an independent shop such as ours, that means a technician who can be trusted to make the right decision for repair of a broad range of brands – Audi, Ford, Honda, Jeep, Lexus, Nissan, Subaru, Toyota, Volkswagen, etc.).

To provide an invoice that labels all parts and labor transparently, indicating when the components are second-hand or refurbished. Any part that is taken out of the car should be made available for customer inspection as requested.

To deliver services based on an ethos of responsibility to each individual relationship.

To suggest changes that should be made and any maintenance that might be helpful – advising the customer, on the basis of their best interests, what represents a less urgent preventive step and what would resolve any current issues.

To give a repair estimate to the customer. (We will add that the estimate should be an accurate gauge of the outcome you expect for the job.)

To post or provide copies of all service and part warranties.

To get full authorization from customers for any actions taken on the car.

To make the customer aware as quickly as possible whenever there are delays and work cannot be performed within the timeframe initially established.

To store all customer service paperwork for a minimum of 12 months.

To be extremely conscientiousness and aware of the fact that the automobile is the property of the customer and should be handled with care.

To establish a smooth process through which you justly resolve complaints made by those who entrust you with their business.

To be accommodating with any consumer complaint entities that act as third-party advocates of any frustrated (and perhaps legitimately, though unintentionally, wronged) customers.

To meet and exceed the most stringent auto repair industry standards and consumer expectations for business practices, perpetually reviewing and revising in order to remove all inappropriate, inept, or fraudulent activity.

  8 statements from the ASE-Certified Technician’s Code of Ethics

  Everyone can probably agree that the above guidelines suggest strong integrity from a car mechanic shop. However, beyond the level of the organization, it is interesting to discuss car mechanic ethics at the level of the individual technician. The National Institute of Automotive Service Excellence’s ASE-Certified Technician’s Code of Ethics focuses in that direction. Here are the 8 statements that are accepted and affirmed by those who sign the code:

  To proceed with excellence in all automotive service tasks.

To continue to become increasingly educated on the field, staying abreast of innovations – and becoming more highly skilled and knowledgeable as you go.

To limit any materials used to manufacturer-approved ones.

To limit any suggestions made to customers, only advising repair and maintenance work that their car truly needs.

To show the same care for the automobile as you would if it belonged to you.

To try to rectify whatever accidental errors by another technician might occur in a manner that is not aimed at hurting their credibility.

To abide by a core principle of service integrity – which entails striving for a win-win-win to meet the best interests of all parties: car owner, auto repair shop, and you as the individual mechanic or technician.

  FAQ: Customer gains from an ethical auto mechanic

  The above gives you a sense of the basic auto repair shop and technician ethics. Beyond just looking at the parameters, it helps to get a sense of why they are important for the customer. Here are answers to frequently asked questions on the topic:

  Q: How do ethics impact car mechanic parts and labor?

  A: Strong mechanics will either have signed a code of conduct or have a personal standard that they will perform repairs through proven methods and with components that have credibility through their production by a brand/firm that also embraces high standards. Consumers expect that when a repair or replacement of vehicle parts is conducted, the price will fairly reflect the amount of work performed without any price inflation.

  Many car owners do not have the skills or environment in which to perform complex service tasks on their cars – and sometimes opt to save time and leverage professional care for simple maintenance activities that protect their automobiles. Anyone who has these needs should be able to confidently go to a mechanic, expecting an ethical framework that does not involve either swindling or price-gouging.

  Q: What is an ethical approach to auto repair knowledge?

A: It is unethical to perform service on someone else’s property as a trusted professional when you have not been properly trained. It does not absolutely require a specific degree to become a car mechanic. However, you can get degrees on the topic, such as an associate’s degree in automotive service tech. You can alternately get other training or certificates that demonstrate your aptitude. Certification can be sought in niche areas, such as manual drive train or electrical systems.

  Those who do not have these third-party credentials may have an extensive background instead. These credentials should not be understood as necessary for the car repair field of course; it is optional for a firm to establish credibility and officially demonstrate expertise in this manner.

  Q: How does a mechanic approach customer service ethically?

  A: You want to give reliable estimates; test-drive each car before and after service; and otherwise deliver impeccable and robust customer service. You need a system for systematically handling customer complaints. You must safeguard each car, taking every precaution to make sure it is not mistreated or damaged while in your care.

  Your own ethical mechanic

  Are you looking for ethically grounded, honest auto repair in Boulder? At Independent Motors, 90% of the work we do is repeat business. See our beliefs.

from Car Care Tips https://independentmotors.net/ethics-car-repair/

[redabiz2]

Relationship Issues And What They Need

By Joseph Cooper

Counseling is more open nowadays, not confined to the psychiatric couch and its concerns. No matter how important the psychiatrist can be for people, and assuming that you need him, there is really is no need for him if the case is addressed earlier. So the more humane counseling is one thing that often works. Relationships are an issue that often needs the kind of treatment that is being addressed in this article. For example, a domestic item may have turned very problematic for families, and basic friendship is not there at all, relationship issues Denver CO is the job for this counselor. It means that hours or sessions should be spent to help counsel couples and individuals. Some people just stay cool, not really caring about how a relationship is thought to work. This process may already be present in any type of relationship that can be defined, whether adversarial or friendly. And the broad range for relationships can not only included married couples but enemies, relatives, friends and the like. A counselor can actually be expert in all the relevant fields, whether for sociology, psychiatry or psychology. Usually, an expert will have reason to earn units in these subjects related to individual psychologies and how they interact. Dynamics for this will include all emotional items that, for any person, justifies his being a person. There are things like indecision, emotional upheavals, and feelings of rejection or illusory things that are problems for relationships. A lot of people have these feelings, and the way they have it often depends on environmental and personal factors. Any personality is contains a complete set of factors that a counselor needs to study. Living will not be a monotone or a straight line, but a wavy line with ups and downs. This will be boring to those who might be looking at it from outside, but many people exist this way and have a good balance for all sorts of lows or highs. It is basically stability, which is something the counselor looks for or creates for the individuals she or he treats. To be stable is to know the times and places where emotion is needed or have to be controlled. It all depends on the understanding of how two or several personalities should be able to fit with each other in domestic settings. For work, the expert needs to relate a personality with that of group behavior, standards and preferences. With preferences belong qualities that affect a personality, things that may work with it and those that do not. Knowing these can open up very deep divisions. However, an expert can try to rearrange or reconnect with the qualities that make it relevant, usually ones that are involved in equations for treatment and therapy. In the city Denver CO, the tangle of issues involved may have simply confused people. Or that there is need to delve more deeply into these to see how the tangles can be ones made in the course of relationships. The counseling is actually about being enlightened on things that couples and other relational sets have experienced and know well.

About the Author:

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