#it was originally a treatment for strabismus

[dilfsisko]

The history of Botox is so funny. ‘I am going to put one of the most dangerous neurotoxins in the world in your face to see if it stops your eyes from fucking up. Holy shit where did your crows feet go’

[insightfulblogz]

BOTOX Market Growth Statistics and Key Players Insights (2024-2032)

BOTOX, a well-known brand name for botulinum toxin type A, has become a go-to solution for both cosmetic and medical treatments. Originally approved by the FDA for medical use in the 1980s, BOTOX was initially used to treat conditions such as strabismus (crossed eyes) and blepharospasm (uncontrolled blinking). However, it quickly gained popularity for its ability to smooth wrinkles and fine lines, particularly in the forehead, around the eyes, and between the eyebrows. BOTOX works by temporarily paralyzing muscles, preventing them from contracting, which smooths the skin and creates a more youthful appearance. Today, BOTOX is widely used in aesthetic medicine and is one of the most popular non-surgical treatments globally.

In addition to its cosmetic uses, BOTOX has evolved into a versatile treatment for several medical conditions. It is now FDA-approved for the treatment of chronic migraines, excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), overactive bladder, and cervical dystonia (a neurological disorder causing neck muscle spasms). The ability to target specific muscles and block the release of certain chemicals makes BOTOX an effective therapeutic option for various conditions. Its increasing acceptance and growing body of evidence supporting its efficacy have made it an indispensable tool in both the medical and cosmetic fields, with ongoing research into new potential applications.

The BOTOX Market Size was valued at USD 8.13 billion in 2023, and is expected to reach USD 16.25 billion by 2032, and grow at a CAGR of 8% over the forecast period 2024-2032.

Future Growth of BOTOX

Growing demand for non-surgical cosmetic treatments as people seek less invasive alternatives to traditional procedures like facelifts.

Rising awareness of BOTOX’s medical uses, leading to increased adoption for conditions such as chronic migraines, excessive sweating, and overactive bladder.

Expansion of BOTOX into new medical treatments as research uncovers additional therapeutic benefits.

Increased accessibility through clinics and non-specialized medical providers offering BOTOX services.

Aging population driving demand for anti-aging solutions and medical treatments related to muscle spasticity and neurological disorders.

Development of new formulations and delivery systems to improve the precision, safety, and duration of treatment.

Surge in millennial and Gen Z consumers seeking preventive cosmetic treatments, leading to a younger demographic using BOTOX for wrinkle prevention.

Emerging Trends in BOTOX Treatments

A significant emerging trend in BOTOX treatments is its growing use for preventive cosmetic procedures. Younger individuals, particularly millennials and Gen Z, are increasingly seeking BOTOX to prevent the formation of wrinkles and fine lines before they become visible. This trend reflects a shift in the cosmetic industry toward early intervention and long-term skin health. Additionally, the market is seeing an increase in combination therapies, where BOTOX is paired with other non-surgical treatments, such as dermal fillers, laser treatments, and chemical peels, for more comprehensive facial rejuvenation. Furthermore, there is a growing trend toward “lunch hour” treatments—quick, minimally invasive procedures that require little to no downtime, making BOTOX more accessible and convenient for busy individuals.

Applications of BOTOX

BOTOX has a wide range of applications across both cosmetic and medical fields. In cosmetics, it is most commonly used to treat wrinkles, fine lines, and facial creases. The most popular areas for treatment include the forehead, crow’s feet around the eyes, and frown lines between the eyebrows. The treatment is minimally invasive, with no incisions required, and results typically appear within a few days, with effects lasting several months. In addition to its cosmetic benefits, BOTOX has been FDA-approved for medical uses such as the treatment of chronic migraines, where it helps prevent the onset of headaches by blocking the neurotransmitters responsible for pain. BOTOX is also used to manage hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), particularly in the underarms, hands, and feet, by blocking the nerve signals that stimulate sweat glands. Other applications include treatment for overactive bladder, eye muscle disorders, and neck spasms caused by cervical dystonia.

Key Points

BOTOX is widely used for cosmetic treatments to reduce wrinkles and fine lines by temporarily paralyzing targeted muscles.

It is FDA-approved for medical conditions such as chronic migraines, excessive sweating, overactive bladder, and cervical dystonia.

The growing demand for non-invasive, non-surgical cosmetic treatments is driving BOTOX’s widespread use.

Preventive BOTOX treatments are becoming increasingly popular among younger consumers to delay the appearance of wrinkles.

BOTOX is being integrated into combination therapies for more comprehensive facial rejuvenation.

The versatility of BOTOX in treating both cosmetic and medical conditions contributes to its continued growth.

Conclusion

BOTOX continues to evolve as a revolutionary treatment, offering both cosmetic enhancements and medical benefits. As its applications expand across various fields, BOTOX is becoming an essential tool for individuals seeking both aesthetic improvements and therapeutic relief from certain medical conditions. With growing demand for non-invasive treatments and increasing awareness of its diverse uses, BOTOX's popularity is expected to rise. From wrinkle prevention to chronic migraine management, the potential for BOTOX to positively impact quality of life is vast, ensuring its position as a key player in the medical and cosmetic industries for years to come.

Read More Details: https://www.snsinsider.com/reports/botox-market-3319 

Contact Us:

Akash Anand — Head of Business Development & Strategy

Email: info@snsinsider.com

Phone: +1–415–230–0044 (US) | +91–7798602273 (IND) 

[drakladios]

Beyond Wrinkles with Botox Lakeview: Surprising Uses of Botox You Didn’t Know About

Botox is synonymous with anti-aging treatments, particularly for smoothing wrinkles and revitalizing facial aesthetics. However, the scope of Botox extends far beyond cosmetic enhancement. In Lakeview and beyond, medical professionals are tapping into its potential to treat a variety of medical conditions. This article explores some of the less known, yet fascinating uses of Botox, which might just change your perspective on this popular neurotoxin. As we delve into these unconventional applications, keep in mind how Botox Lakeview times are changing with innovative medical advancements.

1. Treating Chronic Migraines

One of the FDA-approved medical uses of Botox is in the treatment of chronic migraines. For those who experience migraines for more than 15 days a month, Botox injections can be a game changer. The treatment involves multiple injections around the head and neck every 12 weeks. It works by blocking neurotransmitters that carry pain signals from your brain, effectively preventing migraine headaches before they start.

2. Managing Excessive Sweating

Hyperhidrosis, or excessive sweating, can be a distressing condition, affecting social interactions and daily activities. Botox offers a temporary yet effective solution. By injecting directly into the underarms, palms, or feet, Botox blocks the nerves that activate sweat glands. This safe application provides relief for months, making it a go-to option for those dealing with severe sweating that isn't managed by topical agents.

3. Alleviating Muscle Spasms

Botox's origin lies in its therapeutic use, particularly for treating eye spasms and misalignment, known as strabismus. Its application has since expanded to treating various neuromuscular disorders including cervical dystonia (neck spasms) and spasticity (muscle stiffness) following strokes or in conditions like cerebral palsy. By relaxing the muscles, Botox can significantly reduce pain and improve range of motion, enhancing quality of life for sufferers.

4. Overactive Bladder Treatment

For many adults, an overactive bladder can diminish quality of life significantly. Botox Lakeview injections into the bladder muscle work by calming the nerves that overstimulate the bladder, thereby reducing symptoms such as the urgency and frequency of needing to urinate. This treatment provides an alternative to individuals who do not respond well to traditional medications.

5. Improving Facial Symmetry in Bell’s Palsy

Bell’s palsy can result in temporary facial paralysis, causing significant asymmetry. While Botox is traditionally known for its cosmetic use in reducing wrinkles, it also plays a critical role in medical rehabilitation. By relaxing muscles on the unaffected side of the face, Botox helps to balance out facial features, providing both aesthetic and functional benefits to patients experiencing facial nerve issues.

In conclusion, Botox’s versatility extends well beyond the cosmetic realm into a broad spectrum of therapeutic areas. The evolving Botox Lakeview reflect a growing recognition of its potential to significantly improve lives across multiple medical concerns. Whether it's offering relief from chronic migraines, managing symptoms of overactive bladder, or providing new solutions for muscle spasms, Botox is proving to be a valuable tool in modern medicine. As research continues to unfold, we may find even more innovative uses for this remarkable treatment, solidifying its role far beyond just a beauty enhancer.

[jatinkoli102]

What are the common medical and cosmetic uses of Botox?

Botox, a name that has become synonymous with beauty and medical treatments, is more than just a wrinkle-reducing miracle. Its uses span both medical and cosmetic fields, offering significant benefits beyond its well-known role in aesthetic enhancement. Leading experts in the field, such as Clinique Internationale in Navi Mumbai, Dr. Bhavesh Gupta in Navi Mumbai, Dr. Ajinkya Patil in Pune, and Dr. Idris in Bangalore, are at the forefront of utilizing Botox for various purposes. Ensuring that patients receive cutting-edge care.

Medical Uses of Botox

Botox, or botulinum toxin, was originally developed as a treatment for muscle spasms. Its medical uses have expanded significantly, making it a versatile tool in treating several conditions:

Chronic Migraines: Botox has been approved for the treatment of chronic migraines. Patients who experience migraines for 15 or more days a month can benefit from Botox injections, which can help reduce the frequency and severity of headaches. The treatment works by blocking the release of certain chemicals involved in pain transmission, offering relief where traditional medications may fall short.

Muscle Spasms: Conditions such as blepharospasm (involuntary blinking) and cervical dystonia (neck muscle spasms) can be debilitating. Botox injections help relax the muscles involved, providing significant relief and improving the quality of life for those affected.

Overactive Bladder: For individuals struggling with an overactive bladder, Botox can be a game-changer. By injecting the toxin into the bladder muscle, it helps reduce the frequency of urination and the urge to urinate, offering considerable improvement in daily comfort and convenience.

Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating, or hyperhidrosis, can be socially and personally distressing. Botox injections target the sweat glands to reduce sweating significantly, providing relief for those who suffer from this condition.

Strabismus: This condition, characterized by misaligned eyes, can be managed effectively with Botox. The toxin is injected into the eye muscles to help correct alignment issues, improving vision and appearance.

Cosmetic Uses of Botox

Botox is perhaps most famous for its role in cosmetic treatments. The aesthetic benefits of Botox have made it a popular choice for those seeking to enhance their appearance:

Wrinkle Reduction: Botox is widely known for its ability to smooth out dynamic wrinkles caused by muscle movement. Common areas treated include forehead lines, crow’s feet (lines around the eyes), and frown lines (between the eyebrows). The toxin temporarily paralyzes the muscles, preventing them from contracting and creating a smoother, more youthful appearance.

Non-Surgical Brow Lift: A non-invasive alternative to brow lift surgery, Botox can be used to lift and shape the eyebrows. By injecting Botox into specific muscles around the brow area, practitioners can create a lifting effect, improving the overall appearance of the eyes and forehead.

Gummy Smile Correction: Some people exhibit a gummy smile, where a significant amount of gum is visible when they smile. Botox can be injected into the muscles that control the upper lip, reducing the amount it elevates and thus decreasing the visibility of the gums.

Jawline Contouring: Botox can also be used for jawline contouring. By injecting the toxin into the masseter muscles (which are responsible for chewing), it can help reduce the bulk of these muscles, leading to a slimmer, more contoured jawline.

Treatment of Vertical Lip Lines: The fine lines that develop around the lips, often referred to as “smoker’s lines,” can be minimized with Botox injections. This helps achieve a smoother, more youthful lip appearance.

Expert Insights

Clinique Internationale is renowned for its advanced Botox treatments in Navi Mumbai. Offering both medical and cosmetic solutions tailored to individual needs. Dr. Bhavesh Gupta, also based in Navi Mumbai, is recognized for his expertise in both aesthetic and therapeutic Botox applications, providing patients with personalized and effective care.

Dr. Ajinkya Patil is a leading name in the field, known for his skillful approach to Botox treatments in Pune. His practice encompasses a wide range of uses, from cosmetic enhancements to addressing various medical conditions, ensuring a comprehensive approach to patient care.

Dr. Idris stands out for his expertise and innovative techniques in Botox treatments in Bangalore. His practice is well-regarded for its focus on delivering optimal results, whether for cosmetic purposes or addressing specific medical concerns.

Conclusion

Botox has evolved far beyond its initial use, becoming a crucial tool in both medical and cosmetic fields. Its versatility allows for effective treatment of a variety of conditions. From chronic migraines and muscle spasms to wrinkle reduction and aesthetic enhancements. The expertise of leading practitioners, such as those at Clinique Internationale, Dr. Bhavesh Gupta in Navi Mumbai, Dr. Ajinkya Patil in Pune, and Dr. Idris in Bangalore, ensures that patients have access to top-notch care and the latest advancements in Botox treatment. Whether seeking relief from a medical condition or aiming to enhance one’s appearance. Botox offers a range of benefits that can significantly improve quality of life and boost self-confidence.

[corkernfamilydental]

Who Can Benefit Beyond Beauty: Surprising Uses of Botox in Baton Rouge

Introduction

Botox, often associated with cosmetic enhancements, has transcended its reputation as a mere wrinkle-reducing treatment. In Baton Rouge and elsewhere, the applications of Botox have expanded far beyond beauty enhancement, encompassing a range of surprising and beneficial uses. This article delves into the lesser-known applications of Botox, highlighting its potential to address various medical conditions and improve overall well-being.

The Evolving Role of Botox Beyond Beauty

Botox, scientifically known as botulinum toxin, is a neurotoxic protein that temporarily paralyzes muscles. Originally approved by the FDA for cosmetic purposes, such as reducing facial wrinkles, Botox has since demonstrated its versatility in treating numerous medical conditions. In Baton Rouge and other locations, medical professionals are leveraging its properties for purposes beyond aesthetics, yielding positive results that extend beyond the realm of beauty.

Migraine Relief

Chronic migraines, characterized by intense and debilitating headaches, can significantly diminish a person's quality of life. Botox injections have emerged as an effective treatment for chronic migraines. When injected into specific areas of the head and neck, Botox can help alleviate the frequency and severity of migraines by blocking pain signals and reducing muscle tension. This non-invasive approach offers relief to individuals who have struggled with traditional migraine treatments.

Muscle Spasms and Disorders

Botox's muscle-paralyzing properties make it a valuable tool in managing various muscle-related conditions. Conditions such as cervical dystonia (neck muscle spasms), blepharospasm (involuntary eyelid contractions), and hemifacial spasm (uncontrollable facial muscle movements) can cause discomfort and impairment. Botox injections strategically relax the affected muscles, providing relief and improving daily functioning for those affected by these conditions.

Excessive Sweating

Excessive sweating, known as hyperhidrosis, can be socially and emotionally distressing. botox in baton rouge offers an innovative solution by blocking the nerve signals that trigger sweat production in the sweat glands. By injecting Botox into areas prone to excessive sweating, such as the underarms, palms, or feet, individuals can experience a significant reduction in perspiration, boosting their confidence and comfort.

Urinary Incontinence

Botox injections have proven effective in treating urinary incontinence, a condition characterized by involuntary bladder leakage. By injecting Botox into the bladder muscle, the treatment helps increase bladder capacity and reduce the urge to urinate frequently. This application is particularly beneficial for individuals with overactive bladder issues or certain neurological conditions that affect bladder control.

Eye Conditions

Botox's ability to temporarily paralyze muscles has made it valuable in treating various eye conditions. Strabismus, a condition characterized by misaligned eyes, can be corrected by injecting Botox into specific eye muscles, helping to restore proper alignment. Additionally, Botox can be used to treat eyelid spasms and twitching, enhancing visual comfort and function.

TMJ Disorders

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders can lead to jaw pain, headaches, and difficulty in opening and closing the mouth. Botox injections into the jaw muscles can help alleviate the pain associated with TMJ disorders by reducing muscle tension and promoting relaxation. This non-surgical approach offers relief for individuals experiencing TMJ-related discomfort.

READ MORE-A Brighter Smile Awaits: Exploring Teeth Whitening in Baton Rouge

Conclusion

The surprising applications of Botox in Baton Rouge and beyond underscore its potential beyond beauty enhancement. From migraine relief to managing muscle spasms, excessive sweating, urinary incontinence, eye conditions, and TMJ disorders, Botox has established itself as a versatile and effective treatment option. Medical professionals are increasingly recognizing its therapeutic benefits and harnessing its properties to address various medical conditions that impact patients' quality of life.

As the medical field continues to explore the multifaceted uses of Botox, it is crucial to consult with qualified healthcare providers who possess the expertise to administer the treatment safely and effectively. The evolution of Botox from a cosmetic solution to a therapeutic tool is indicative of its transformative potential in enhancing overall well-being beyond the realm of aesthetics. With ongoing research and innovation, Botox is poised to contribute further to medical advancements, offering new avenues of hope and healing for individuals seeking relief from a diverse range of conditions.

[mahosop]

Easing Discomfort: Computer Vision Syndrome Symptoms and Non-Surgical Squint Eye Treatments

Introduction

In today’s digital age, our lives are intertwined with screens, from laptops and smartphones to tablets and televisions. While these devices have made our lives more convenient, they have also given rise to a range of health concerns, one of which is Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). Additionally, issues like squint eyes can affect both children and adults. In this blog, we’ll delve into the symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome, explore its treatments, and discover non-surgical options for squint eye treatment.

Computer Vision Syndrome Symptoms:

Computer Vision Syndrome, also known as digital eye strain, is a collection of symptoms that occur due to prolonged use of digital devices. These symptoms often arise from factors like poor lighting, glare, improper viewing distances, and prolonged periods of screen time. Some common symptoms include:

Eyestrain: Feeling of discomfort or tiredness in the eyes after using digital devices for an extended period.

Headaches: Persistent headaches, often originating from the eye and forehead area.

Blurred Vision: Difficulty focusing on objects after extended screen time.

Dry Eyes: Irritation and dryness due to reduced blinking while staring at screens.

Neck and Shoulder Pain: Poor posture during screen time can lead to discomfort in the neck and shoulder area.

Computer Vision Syndrome Treatment:

Fortunately, there are several steps you can take to alleviate and prevent the symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome:

Follow the 20–20–20 Rule: Every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and focus on something at least 20 feet away. This helps reduce eye strain.

Proper Lighting: Ensure that the lighting in your workspace is adequate, and there’s no glare on your screen. Position your screen to avoid reflections.

Adjust Screen Settings: Adjust the brightness, contrast, and font size of your screen to make it more comfortable for your eyes.

Ergonomic Setup: Maintain proper posture and eye level by adjusting your chair, screen, and keyboard to prevent neck and shoulder pain.

Blink Regularly: Remember to blink frequently to keep your eyes moist and prevent dryness.

Non-Surgical Squint Eye Treatment:

Squint eyes, also known as strabismus, is a condition where the eyes do not align properly. While surgery is an option for severe cases, non-surgical treatments can be effective, especially for mild to moderate squints:

Eye Exercises: Vision therapy includes various eye exercises to improve eye coordination and control. These exercises can be particularly useful in managing squint eyes.

Prism Glasses: Prism glasses are prescribed to help align images properly on the retina, reducing the strain on the misaligned eye.

Orthoptics: Orthoptists are specialists who use exercises and techniques to improve eye movement and alignment.

Atropine Eye Drops: In some cases, atropine eye drops are used to temporarily blur the vision in the dominant eye, encouraging the weaker eye to strengthen.

Corrective Lenses: Prescription eyeglasses can help in cases where squint is related to refractive errors.

Remember that the success of non-surgical squint eye treatment depends on the severity of the condition and individual factors. Consulting an ophthalmologist or optometrist is crucial to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Conclusion

As we continue to embrace the digital world, it’s essential to be mindful of the impact on our eye health. Computer Vision Syndrome symptoms can be managed through simple lifestyle adjustments and proper eye care practices. Similarly, for those dealing with squint eyes, non-surgical treatments offer promising options to improve eye alignment and overall vision. Prioritizing eye health is a small step that can lead to a more comfortable and visually fulfilling life in the digital age.

[health-tips-and-ideas]

Unveiling the Truth About Botox: Beyond Wrinkle Reduction

In pursuing eternal youth and flawless beauty, humanity has explored many cosmetic treatments and procedures. Among these, Botox has emerged as a popular choice for both men and women seeking to defy the signs of aging. While it is often associated with wrinkle reduction, Botox offers a range of benefits that extend far beyond cosmetic enhancements. In this blog post, we will delve into the world of Botox, exploring its origin, mechanism, applications, safety, and more.

The Genesis of Botox:

Derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, Botox, also known as Botulinum Toxin Type A, was first discovered in the late 1970s. Initially used to treat crossed eyes and muscle spasms, its wrinkle-reducing properties were discovered serendipitously when patients undergoing Botox treatments for other medical conditions reported a reduction in facial lines and wrinkles.

Mechanism of Action:

Botox functions by temporarily paralyzing or relaxing muscles in the treated area. The toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction, thereby reducing muscle activity. By doing so, Botox effectively smooths out dynamic wrinkles caused by repetitive muscle movements, such as frown lines, crow's feet, and forehead creases.

Cosmetic Applications:

While Botox is well-known for its use in minimizing facial wrinkles, it has many cosmetic applications. Apart from addressing dynamic wrinkles, it can lift drooping eyebrows, soften the appearance of neckbands, and even reshape the jawline. Additionally, Botox can address excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) in the underarms, palms, and feet, providing significant relief for those affected.

Medical Applications:

Beyond its cosmetic uses, Botox has found valuable applications in various medical fields. One prominent example is its role in treating chronic migraines. Submitting Botox to specific sites on the head and neck can help alleviate the frequency and intensity of migraines for several months. Botox also benefits individuals suffering from overactive bladder, muscle stiffness and spasms, and even certain eye disorders like strabismus and blepharospasm.

Non-Cosmetic Benefits:

Contrary to popular belief, Botox possesses non-cosmetic advantages that extend beyond aesthetics. Studies have shown its potential in the management of depression. The theory behind this lies in the "facial feedback hypothesis," which suggests that facial expressions can influence one's emotional state. By inhibiting specific facial muscles associated with sadness or anger, Botox may help alleviate depressive symptoms, although further research is needed to confirm this.

Safety Considerations:

As with any medical intervention, safety is a paramount concern. When administered by a qualified medical professional, Botox is generally safe and well-tolerated. However, it is crucial to undergo the treatment in a reputable clinic or medical facility, ensuring that the practitioner has appropriate training and experience. Adverse effects, although rare, may include temporary bruising, swelling, or drooping of the injected area, which typically resolve within a few weeks.

The Importance of Individualized Treatment:

It is worth noting that the results of Botox treatments can vary significantly from person to person. Factors such as facial anatomy, muscle strength, and the desired outcome can influence the effectiveness and longevity of the treatment. Therefore, a thorough consultation with a qualified professional is essential to determine the appropriate dosage, injection sites, and treatment plan tailored to an individual's needs.

Conclusion:

Botox, originally discovered for its therapeutic applications, has evolved to become a popular cosmetic treatment embraced by millions worldwide. While its ability to smooth out wrinkles is widely acknowledged, the non-cosmetic benefits and medical applications of Botox offer a broader perspective on its potential. As with any medical intervention, it is crucial to seek treatment from a qualified professional and understand the individualized nature of the procedure. By doing so, individuals can harness the true power of Botox to enhance not only their physical appearance but also their overall well-being.

[ranciavida]

Surprising Uses for Botox

You might argue that Botox is a dirty word. Once people hear it, they most likely think of celebrities with too-tight faces, unnaturally smooth skin, or people called out in the tabloids who had "work done." 

While Botox may be most widely known for its effectiveness as a cosmetic anti-aging treatment, it is not nearly as well known that cosmetics were not the original purpose of the drug. Look a little deeper, and you may be shocked to find out how many applications the drug has in many fields of medicine.

Helps Relieve Migraines

If you've ever had a migraine, you'll know how long it takes to be relaxed. Where other medications may have been ineffective, Botox would have done the trick. However, it is important to remember that while Botox is FDA-approved, it is only prescribed for people suffering from chronic migraines. So, if you have headaches for 15 days or more a month, it may be time to consider Botox.

Corrects Crossed Eyes

Crossed eyes are typically caused by asymmetric activity rates in the muscles that move the eyeball. When carefully applying doses of Botox, the muscle tension of the eye movement muscles can be controlled, the crossed eyes –AKA, strabismus–can be reversed. 

This is a technique that can only ever be done by an ophthalmologist, and while this only appears to be used in serious cases, there is no clear alternative to this.

Manages Excessive Sweating

Medically known as hyperhidrosis, the most common form is found in the hands or on the underarms, legs, and scalp. Botox works by partially suppressing the responsible nerves so that when your nerves can't activate the sweat glands, you don't sweat. 

But it only prevents sweating in this particular region, so your body will still be able to handle the heat. Underarm Botox has been shown to be highly effective, but not especially long-lasting–20 injections in each armpit will last between four and fourteen months.

Controls an Overactive Bladder

For common conditions such as overactive bladder to the treatment of highly spastic bladders due to neurological illnesses, Botox is a well-tolerated treatment. It can be injected by a certified aesthetic doctor, and the effects last from six to eight months before re-injection is needed. 

By injecting a wall at certain points, the hyperactive muscle that causes these kinds of problems can be controlled.

Decreases Excessive Drooling

This may not be one that all of us suffer from, but for those with overactive salivary glands, Botox may be a lifesaver. It can be used in low, regulated doses to relieve excessive muscle contraction and to function on the nerves around the salivary glands, reducing the amount of saliva. 

The treatment is completed by direct injection into the saliva glands via ultrasound and will last for three to six months before a replacement is needed.

Suppresses Acne 

When it comes to battling chronic acne, there's a whole variety of drugs out there to stave off breakouts–and it may be that Botox will soon be added to the list. The sebaceous and sweat glands in the face are known to be immune to Botox. In acne, these glands develop an overproduction of sebum in the skin. 

A micro-dose of Botox directly to the superficial level of the dermis has been shown to minimize this development and to assist with the drying out of certain cases in acne.

Alleviates Severe Neck Spasms

Even before Botox was approved for frown lines between the eyebrows in 2002, it already got approval in 2000 for its use in treating a disorder called cervical dystonia, which is characterized by abnormal head position and severe neck pain.

[edenderma1-blog]

6 Amazing Benefits Of Botox That Will Surprise You

Botulinum Toxin, commonly known as “Botox” was first used in the 1970s to treat strabismus, the problem related to eye muscles. In 1997, sixty-five thousand botox injections were performed, and by 2005, there were around three million injections in the United States alone.

Nowadays, Botox is popular as the public’s fascination with cosmetic surgeries. It is used to treat muscle spasms in the face, reduces wrinkles, treatment for gummy smiles, neck rings, forehead lines, and a lot more. The goal of Botox for the long term is to keep muscles from repairing themselves between injections. There many leading clinics who offer the best botox in Dubai and many other places.

Botox is not just a fantastic remedy for getting a younger-looking skin, rather, it has plenty of other benefits too. Let’s take a look at the many other benefits of this amazing injected treatment.

Migraines

Migraine is a debilitating ailment that makes people extremely uncomfortable. There are different types of migraines and the triggers can vary for everyone. Botox has been proven to help people suffering from this problem. Constant headaches are often difficult to treat and deal with, and statistics have shown people who received botox injections were less likely to get migraine triggers. Typical injection sites for chronic migraines are temples, forehead, neck, bridge of the nose, upper back, and back of the head.

Excessive Sweat

There are many people who suffer from Hyperhidrosis or the problem of excessive sweating. It is often combatted with extra strength antiperspirants, which sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. The solution to this disorder is Botox. With Botox injections, the chemicals that activate sweat glands get temporarily blocked and eventually, reduce excess sweating. The treatment starts showing result almost immediately and require revisits for around seven to sixteen months.

Crossed Eyes

Known to very few people, Botox was originally used to treat Strabismus, the medical term for crossed eyes. The experts place a special needle in the eye muscles and spread the injection toxin within the eye. Botox also helps to reduce chronic spasms of eyelids. This amazing Botox treatment is widely used today as well and continues to develop.

Muscle Stiffness

Botox is being used to treat the stiffness in the upper limb that includes spasticity in the wrist, finger muscles, and elbow. Also, it may also prove beneficial for lower limb spasticity in ankles, and toes. Although people tend to adapt to these discomforts or inconveniences, it is certainly a big relief knowing a short appointment with a doctor can provide comfort in the long run.

Overactive Bladder Treatment

Botox has been proven to be effective for the problem of incontinence, i.e. overactive bladder. Adults can get Botox injections as a form of treatment. It helps to desensitize an overactive bladder and consequently helps in the control of the urinary output. The neurotoxin injection is directly injected in the bladder and relaxes the overactive muscles.

Mental Illness

Many clinical trials indicate that Botox has been helpful to relieve the symptoms associated with depression or mental illness. Many researched studied showed that the majority of people who received botox treatment felt very fewer symptoms of depression. It was speculated that our facial expressions and features influence our moods.

Whether you want to get rid of those wrinkles and enhance your beauty or need some relief from chronic pain, you may want to consider getting a Botox treatment. Look for the best botox, Dubai and get in touch with a professional to bring that body confidence back.

[insightfulblogz]

BOTOX Market Size, Growth Rate, Industry Opportunities, and Forecast by 2032

BOTOX, a brand name for botulinum toxin type A, has revolutionized both cosmetic and therapeutic fields by providing effective solutions for a variety of conditions. Originally approved for treating muscle spasms, BOTOX gained prominence as a popular aesthetic treatment for reducing facial wrinkles and fine lines. The drug works by temporarily paralyzing targeted muscles, leading to a smoother appearance. Beyond its cosmetic applications, BOTOX is also used in medical settings to treat conditions such as chronic migraines, excessive sweating, and overactive bladder. As the versatility of BOTOX continues to expand, its role in enhancing both appearance and quality of life remains significant.

The BOTOX Market Size was valued at USD 8.13 billion in 2023, and is expected to reach USD 16.25 billion by 2032, and grow at a CAGR of 8% over the forecast period 2024-2032.

Future Scope

The future of BOTOX looks bright, with ongoing research exploring its potential in various therapeutic areas. Investigations into new indications for BOTOX, such as its use in pain management and neuromuscular disorders, are underway. Additionally, advancements in delivery methods and formulations may enhance the efficacy and longevity of treatments. The increasing acceptance of minimally invasive procedures in aesthetic medicine suggests that demand for BOTOX treatments will continue to grow. As public awareness of the benefits of BOTOX expands, the potential for its application in diverse medical specialties is likely to increase, providing healthcare providers with valuable tools for patient care.

Trends

Recent trends in the use of BOTOX indicate a rise in its popularity not only among older adults seeking anti-aging treatments but also among younger demographics interested in preventive aesthetics. The trend of "preventative BOTOX," where individuals in their 20s and 30s seek early intervention to delay the onset of wrinkles, is gaining traction. Additionally, the growing acceptance of BOTOX for therapeutic purposes in managing conditions like migraines and excessive sweating is reshaping its perception in the medical community. Social media platforms play a significant role in promoting BOTOX treatments, with influencers and celebrities sharing their experiences, thereby driving interest and awareness among potential patients.

Applications

BOTOX is used in a variety of applications across both cosmetic and therapeutic domains. In aesthetic medicine, it is primarily utilized for wrinkle reduction, facial contouring, and improving overall facial appearance. In therapeutic settings, BOTOX is employed to treat conditions such as chronic migraines, tension-type headaches, muscle spasms, and excessive sweating. Its versatility also extends to management of conditions like strabismus (crossed eyes) and bladder disorders. As research continues to uncover new applications for BOTOX, its role in patient care will likely expand even further.

Key Points

BOTOX is a versatile treatment used for both cosmetic and therapeutic purposes.

Ongoing research is exploring new indications and applications for BOTOX.

Preventative BOTOX is becoming increasingly popular among younger demographics.

Social media significantly influences awareness and acceptance of BOTOX treatments.

BOTOX is effective in managing various medical conditions, enhancing quality of life.

Conclusion

BOTOX has emerged as a multifaceted solution that caters to both aesthetic and therapeutic needs. Its expanding range of applications and increasing acceptance highlight its importance in modern medicine and aesthetics. As research continues to explore the full potential of BOTOX, healthcare providers and patients can anticipate innovative approaches to treatment that improve outcomes and enhance quality of life. By fostering awareness and understanding of BOTOX's benefits, we can ensure its continued success in various medical fields.

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[nunthorpeasthetic]

Botox and Anti Wrinkle Treatment Botox is used to treat frown lines between the eyebrows, horizontal forehead lines, crows feet, lip wrinkles and neck lines as well as treating excessive sweating; botox is a fantastic anti wrinkle treatment if that’s something that you’re interested in. There are a few hidden benefits of using botox, and we’re going to spill the beans below! Some of the hidden benefits of using botox (like our botox treatments in Middlesbrough) include:

Migraine Relief Millions of people suffer from chronic migraines every single day… It's very debilitating and can keep people away from their jobs and family for extended periods of time. There are many different types of migraines and the triggers can be different for every single person. If you suffer from chronic migraines, botox might be the relief that you’re looking for.

Sweating If you suffer from excessive sweating, the botox treatments that we offer can be a welcome surprise. Sweating excessively can be quite embarrassing and sometimes cannot be controlled by an antiperspirant. Botox has the ability to temporarily block the chemical that activates sweat glands. Treatments are effective almost immediately with repeat visits thereafter.

Crossed Eyes Strabismus is the medical name for having crossed eyes. Treating this condition was the original use of botox, but very few actually know this! Botox can also help to reduce chronic spasms of the eyelid; if one muscle becomes weakened, the eye can be pulled out of alignment. This causes the eye to appear lazy. What Are Dermal Fillers? Dermal fillers are small injections that fill in wrinkles and add volume to soft tissue. You can have dermal fillers in different parts of your face, including around the eye, cheeks, mouth and jawline, as well as lip fillers administered directly into the lip tissue. They restore lost volume to your face and plump areas, so that deep-set lines are smoothed. Why is this needed? Well, as we get older our bodies stop producing collagen and elastin, both of which contribute to the youthful look. Experts argue over when we start losing collagen, but generally, the agreed age is around 25. Allergan Allergan is dedicated to developing, manufacturing and commercialising branded pharmaceutical, device, biologic, surgical and regenerative medicine products for patients around the world. Juvederm is considered the very best filler product in the world. In a lot of countries, patients recognise Allergan for many well-known, industry-leading products, including: - Botox - Namenda - Linzess - Bystolic - Juvederm - Latisse Common Questions What exactly does Botox do? Botox blocks signals from the nerve to the muscles. The injected muscle can't contract, and this makes the wrinkle relax and soften. How long does Botox last? Botox lasts 3-4 months. What type of Botox do you supply? The Botox I use is manufactured by Allergan. This product is FDA approved and is the leading brand name of Botulinum A toxin. Call Our Middlesbrough-based Team Today If you’re based in Middlesbrough or the surrounding areas of North Yorkshire and you require additional information on the treatments that we offer botox, dermal fillers, cheek fillers, lip fillers, lip filler treatments, jawline fillers, face contouring injections, dermaplaning and acne treatment, please don’t hesitate to get in touch with our experienced team today. We’re always here to take your call, deal with any enquiries and answer any questions that you may have regarding the high-quality treatments that we offer from our base in Middlesbrough. Alternatively, you can take a look at our website to see a full overview of the services that we offer, we’re sure that you’ll love what you find. Either option you choose though, we are on hand to talk to if you do have any questions or queries.

Website: https://www.nunthorpeaesthetics.co.uk/

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Business Hours: Monday: 9am-7pm Tuesday: 9am-7pm Wednesday: 9am-7pm Thursday: 9am-7pm Friday: 9am-7pm Saturday: 9am-7pm Sunday:Closed

[stefanduell]

More human anatomy anyone - imagined as the London Underground system? . I found this amazing work about the Trigeminal & Abducens Nerves (Cranial Nerves V & VI) via nTube app. If you studying for any medical exam which requires knowledge about cranial nerves then you should download that app, it’s very helpful! 👌 . Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) ▪️Type: Sensory and Motor ▪️Function: The Trigeminal nerve receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication. ▪️Lesions of CN V cause anesthesia of the anterior half of the scalp, the face, the cornea & conjunctiva, the mucosae of the nose, mouth and presulcal part of the tongue. Trigeminal neuralgia is a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense pain in the face originating from the Trigeminal nerve. . Abducens Nerve (CN VI) ▪️Type: Motor ▪️Function: The Abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus, which abducts the eye. ▪️Lesion of CN VI cause internal strabismus and diplopia. The most common causes of lesions include damage due to head injuries, cavernosus sinus thrombosis or aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. . Picture credit: nTube app . Watch my YouTube channel for more information about treatment and exercises: www.youtube.com/stefanduell ———————————————————————— Partners: @BLACKROLL® | @SportslineHK | @DynamicTape | @Premax.co | @SmartToolsUSA | @VossWorld | @Bounce_Can | @adidastennis | @Seirin_Global | @HeadTennis_Official | @NUBISphysio ———————————————————————— #Human #Anatomy #Physiology #Cranial #Nerves #Physiotherapy #SportsPhysiotherapy #Osteopathy #MyoFascialRelease #Therapy #Triggerpoint #Yoga #Treatment #DryNeedling #Chiropractic #Rolfing #PhysicalTherapy #InjuryPrevention #Rehab #Medicine #Sportsmedicine #Sportstherapy #Massage #Healing #Blackroll #Fascia #Fitness #Training #Pilates #CrossFit

[juniperpublisherscasestudies]

Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Case Studies

Difficulty of Management of Retinoblastoma about Two Cases Report in North Benin and Literature Review

Authored by Assavedo Cra

Abstract

Retinoblastoma is a highly malignant tumor and is the most common intraocular tumor in children. We make two cases report, the first one is about a 3-year-old female of ethnicity Peulh from Beninese origin who has been consulted for an intraocular tumor of the left eye, who is diagnosed retinoblastoma complicated by purulent melt. The symptomatology would have begun around the age of 2 and half years by a leucocoria of left eye associated 3 months later with an exotropia that required multiple treatments by traditional care givers before reference to hospital. The second case concerned a male of 3 years, ethnic of Beninese origin, who consulted for leukocoria of the left eye. The ophthalmological examination in the left eye noticed in the fundus examination a whitish mass superior to 5mm height invading the vitreous cavity. As concerned the right eye, the anterior segment and the fundus examination were normal. The diagnosis evocated is a retinoblastoma in its endophytic form of the left eye. We made literature review about the management of retinoblastoma and difficulties of this management in low income countries.

Keywords: Retinoblastoma; Leukocoria; Strabismus; Intraocular tumor; North Benin

Introduction

Scleral fixation sutured intraocular lens (IOL) is widely used in aphakic eyes without adequate capsular support. However, complications are occasionally reported, including hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage [1]. When hyphema and/or vitreous hemorrhage occur and cause severe complications such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting in optic nerve atrophy, corneal blood staining, and other adverse events, further treatment is necessary. In this case report, we provide a useful surgical method for managing hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage simultaneously without influencing the stability of the sutured IOL and with a satisfactory visual outcome.

Case report

A 50 year old, healthy female patient visited our clinic with the complaint of significantly impaired vision in her right eye. She reported experiencing blunt eye trauma caused by a solid object accidentally striking her right eye 2 months prior and having progressively deteriorating vision since. Moreover, over the past week, a dramatic decrease in visual acuity in the injured right eye forced her to seek out our help. During the first visit to our clinic, the patient’s best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was only “counting fingers” in her injured right eye and 20/20 in her healthy left eye. Ophthalmologic examinations showed a dense nuclear sclerotic lens posteriorly dislocated into the vitreous. After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of 2 applicable surgical methods (anterior chamber IOL implantation or scleral fixation sutured IOL implantation), the patient opted to receive trans pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy combined with trans-scleral fixation sutured IOL implantation.

The surgical procedures were all performed smoothly except for mild vitreous hemorrhage that occurred when the long needle with 10-0 Prolene passed through the scleral area (1.5mm posterior to the limbus). After the surgery, hyphema (grade III-more than one half of the anterior chamber filled with blood), moderately dense vitreous hemorrhage, corneal blood staining, and elevated IOP up to 38 mm Hg (despite using maximal IOP-lowering medications) persisted for 1 week. Vision in the operated eye dropped to only “hand motion”. To prevent the possible irreversible complications of hyphema, corneal blood staining, and elevated IOP-induced optic atrophy, we performed air-fluid exchange with 5% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) to evacuate the vitreous hemorrhage and hyphema and to possibly reduce the concomitant IOP. Ten days later, the SF6 gas disappeared and no vitreous hemorrhage or hyphema recurred, the IOP normalized (15 mm Hg), and the patient’s BCVA improved to 20/100. Moreover, the BCVA in the operated eye improved to 20/20 after 1 month and was maintained thereafter; meanwhile, the sutured IOL remained well centered and no adverse events occurred during the 36 months follow-up period.

Discussion

Hyphema is the accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, and the etiology of this condition includes eye trauma, intraocular surgery, spontaneous bleeding, or using substances that affect platelet or fibrin function [1]. Although hyphema alone rarely causes permanent vision loss, some complications such as secondary hemorrhage and increased IOP resulting in optic atrophy or corneal blood staining may seriously affect vision. Therefore, different studies offer various recommendations for the treatment of hyphema, including supportive care, pharmacologic therapy, bed rest versus ambulation, admission or outpatient management, eye patching, and even surgical intervention [2-4]. However, the gold standard of management for hyphema remains controversial.

Generally, there is consensus that surgical intervention is reserved for following conditions:

Uncontrolled IOP and risk of optic atrophy or central retinal artery occlusion

Presentation or risk of corneal blood staining

Risk of synechia formation

Detection of rebleeding hyphema [2,3].

When surgical intervention is indicated, several methods are available, including paracentesis and anterior chamber irrigation, automated hyphectomy, and blood clot expression or irrigation. However, in our case, hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage coexisted and were difficult to distinguish because the anterior and posterior chambers were communicated; therefore, it may not have been sufficient to treat this case with only anterior chamber irrigation. Nevertheless, air-fluid exchange is an alternative treatment for repeat vitrectomy in patients with post vitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage [5,6].

Some reports have demonstrated the efficacy and low complication risk of air-fluid exchange in managing post vitrectomy vitreous hemorrhage [5,6]. Therefore, we applied this concept to the present case. Air-fluid exchange with shortduration gas (5% SF6) was performed to simultaneously evacuate the concomitant hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage. The BCVA in the affected eye improved from hand motion to 20/100 at 10 days after the operation, and further improved to 20/20 at 1 month, and was sustained thereafter. In the next 36 months follow-up period, the sutured IOL remained well centered without recurrent hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, elevated IOP, or any other adverse events.

Hyphema is a possible complication of implantation of scleral fixation sutured IOL. Although such complications have been reported in some studies [7,8], they either rarely mention the management of the hyphema or only conservative treatments were used. When surgical intervention for hyphema is indicated, our case report suggests that air-fluid exchange provides an easy, safe, and effective alternative for managing this concomitant condition. With this surgical method, vision improved significantly and the structure and stability of the scleral fixation sutured IOL was not affected. However, a larger number of cases and longer follow-up periods are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of air-fluid exchange treatment for concomitant hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage after scleral sutured IOL implantation.

Conclusion

Scleral fixation sutured IOL implantation procedures may cause complications, including hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage. Although conservative treatments are applicable in most cases, surgical intervention may be indicated for some conditions, such as increased IOP resulting in optic atrophy or corneal blood staining. When surgery is necessary, air-fluid exchange may be considered as an alternative treatment as it is a useful, easy, and safe way to wash out hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage simultaneously without influencing the stability of the sutured IOL and with a satisfying visual outcome.

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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Brain Tumors of Child in Dakar CHU

Authored by  Aliou Thiongane

Abstract

Introduction: Brain tumors constitute a set of intracranial neoplasms. Their symptomatology associates an intracranial hypertension syndrome (HTIC) and focal neurological syndrome. The objective of our work was to study diagnostic and therapeutic management of brain tumors in children hospitalized at the National Hospital for Children Albert Royer (CHNEAR) in Dakar.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of brain tumors (1st January 2005 to 31st December 2014). Data were collected from patients and hospital records.

Results: Of the 30 patients with brain tumors, only 16 cases were included in our study. The incidence was 0.07%, the age ranged from 3 years to 14 years with an average age of 7.6 ± 3.7 years. The majority of children were under 10 years of age in 75% of the cases. The sex ratio is 2.2 (68% boys and 32% girls). All children were presented with headache, vomiting in 56.3% of cases and visual impairment in 37.5% of cases. Other clinical signs are disorders of alertness, amblyopia and convulsions. Neurological examination found papillary edema in 4 patients, hypertonia in 38%, pyramidal syndrome in 31% of cases, cerebellar syndrome in 37.5% of cases, and meningeal syndrome in 25% of cases. There were 69% of infra tentorial location and 31% in the fourth ventricle. The histological types suspected on cerebral tomodensitometry are ependymoma (18.75%), medulloblastoma (12.5%), astrocytoma (12.5%), Glioblastoma (12.5%) and craniopharyngioma (6.25%). Some patients required preoperative medical treatment (analgesic and neuro-resuscitation). The surgical treatment consisted of a ventriculo-peritoneal derivation in 4 cases, a tumoral excision in 2 cases. Mortality was high in 10 cases (62.5%).

Conclusion: Cerebral tumors of the child are relatively frequent. Mortality however remains high.

Keywords: Child; Brain tumor; Neuro-resuscitation; Ventriculo-peritoneal derivation

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Introduction

Brain tumors constitute a set of intracranial neoplasms with an intra- or extra-axial origin [1]. They are the leading cause of cancer deaths [2] in children. Worldwide, their incidence is estimated at 2.5 cases / 100 000 inhabitants / year [3,4]. In developed countries, they are the second leading cause of cancer after leukemia [1, 3]. In sub-Saharan Africa, their incidence remains unknown, particularly in Senegal, where few studies have been carried out. They can be seen at any age with prevalence between 4 and 8 years [5] and represent 16 to 25% of tumors before 16 years. They are the most frequent pediatric solid tumors [6-8]. The symptomatology is non-specific characterized by the association of an intracranial hypertension syndrome and a focal syndrome. Brain computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging are essential for the confirmation of topographic diagnosis [9]. Confirmation of the histology of the tumor is obtained by antomo-pathological examination. In developing countries, especially Senegal, the problem is two-fold, diagnostic and therapeutic [6,10]. The objective of our work was to study diagnostic and therapeutic management of brain tumors in children hospitalized at the National Hospital for Children Albert Royer (CHNEAR) in Dakar.

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Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective study on brain tumors in children hospitalized from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2014; 10 years. All children aged 0 to 15 admitted for brain tumors were included in the study. The diagnosis was evoked on the clinical aspects and confirmed by CT scans. We excluded all suspected cases of brain tumors not confirmed by CT and all unusable or incomplete records. The data was entered and analyzed using the Epi Info software version 3.3.2.

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Results

During the study period from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2014, 44,988 children aged 0-15 years were hospitalized. Of these, 30 (0.07%) children had a cerebral tumor. Of the 30 patients, only 16 cases were included in our study. The 14 excluded files included 10 children lost to follow-up and 4 non- exploitable cases. The mean age of the patients was 7.6 ± 3.7 years with extremes of 3 to 14 years. The age groups of [0-5 years] and [6-10 years] were predominant with 37.5% whereas the age group [11-15 years] represented only 25%. The majority of patients were boys (68%) versus 5 girls (31.2%). The sex ratio was 2:2. The majority of patients came from urban areas in 62.5% of cases. Headache was the most common reason for consultation in all patients. Other symptoms include vomiting, alertness, amblyopia, and convulsions (Table 1). Neurological signs are represented by disorders of consciousness, motor deficits, sensory, hypertonia, respectively in 19%, 31%, 6%, 38%. The rest of the neurological examination showed pyramid syndrome, cerebellar syndrome and meningeal syndrome in (31%), (37.5%), (25%) cases. A child came blind with a torticollis.

Computerized tomography (CT) was performed in all patients and confirmed diagnosis of brain tumor, topography and suspects its histological type. Sub-tentorial localization predominated with 11 cases (68.75%), including 5 cases in the 4th ventricle. The sampling location represents only 31.25%. The diagnosis of ependymoma in three cases, medulloblastoma in two cases, astrocytoma in two cases, glioblastoma in two cases, and craniopharyngioma in one case, were diagnosed histologically. According to sex, there were 7 boys with two medulloblastomas, two glioblastoma, one ependymoma, one astrocytoma and one craniopharyngioma. Three girls had two ependymomas and one astrocytoma. According to the age of the children the 3 ependymomas were found in the age groups (0-5 years), (6-10 years) and (11-15 years), the two astrocytomas in the age groups of both (0-5 years) and (11-15 years), both medulloblastoma and craniopharyngioma in the age group (610 years), the two glioblastomas in the age group (11-15 years).

Pathological examination performed in six children was concluded that in 3 patients, there are 2 medulloblastomas and 1 craniopharyngioma. Patients were treated with anti-convulsant and anti-oedematous drugs in 31% and 63% of cases respectively. Half of the patients were under antibiotics. All patients had analgesic treatment. Corticosteroids were prescribed in 47% of patients. Three patients were put under oxygen therapy, and one patient on a ventilator.Surgical treatment consisted of biopsy resection in one case, total resection in another case. Four patients underwent ventriculo-peritoneal diversion, one with external drainage.

Of the 16 cases included in our series, the progression was favorable in 2 patients (12.5%). We found complications in 14 patients (87.5%). These complications were mainly hydrocephalus in 11 cases, nosocomial infection in 8 cases, metabolic complications in 3 cases and hemorrhagic in 1 case. Four children were lost to follow-up and ten were deceased (62.5%).

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Discussion

The incidence was low in our study (0.07%) over the 10 years of study. In Europe, the incidence of brain tumors was lower in the order of 0.003% but with an average increase of 1.7% per year between 1978 and 1997, partially explained by improved diagnostic capabilities without any variation in risk factors being excluded [11]. Nevertheless, a study carried out in Cameroon on central nervous system tumors showed that the pediatric population represented 15% of the population [12,13].

The average age was 7.6 years (3 and 14 years). In Ivory Coast Broalet had recovered an average age close to our age of 8 years [1]. The age groups (0-5 years) and (6-10 years) were predominant 37.5%. The majority of patients had an age less than or equal to 10 years in 75% of the cases. This is comparable to the literature in which the age of the majority of patients was between 4 and 11 years [4]. Elie in Cameroon found a majority in the age group 8 and 13 [6].The male was predominant with 68.8% of cases, the sex ratio was 2.2. Delhemmes reported a male predominance [14]. On the other hand, Yaounde Elie had regained a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.9 [6].

Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome (HTIC) was found in all patients. In the literature, these results were superimposable [14-17]. It consisted mainly of constant headaches (100%), vomiting (56.3%) and visual disturbances (37.5%). Hamza had recorded 93% of cases of headache and 66.6% of vomiting [10]. Elie had found super imposable results with a frequency of 85% for headache and 45% for vomiting [6]. Lower rates of headache were noted by Wilne 56% [18], Broallet 50.87% of cases [1]. Other clinical signs were tone disorders (75%), amblyopia (31.2%), strabismus (25%), somnolence, irritability and macrocrania (18.8%), respectively. General condition was good in five patients (31%), poor in 11 patients (69%). The majority of patients were hospitalized at an advanced stage of the disease, one with a coma. Infectious syndrome was found in 8 patients (50%).

Six patients (37.5%) had cerebellar syndrome. Elie had found the same frequency in his study [6]. Higher frequencies were found by Boujlal and Kanaan with 51% and 65%, respectively [18,19]. On the other hand Broalet had found a lower frequency with 26% [1]. We found a stiff neck in 1 patient as Hamza in his series [10] while Kanaan [19] had reported more cases. It is a highly evocative sign of posterior fossa tumor. We noted 5 children (31%) with pyramid syndrome. In the literature lower frequencies were reported, Wilne and Hamza noted 27% [20,10], Boujlal 22% [18]. Twenty five per cent of children presented with meningeal syndrome same as Hamza who had found 26.7% of the cases [10]. Boujlal, in his series, had not found any case of meningeal syndrome [18].

The Brain scans (CT) have revolutionized diagnostic and therapeutic management of brain tumors. All our patients had a cerebral computed tomography (CT) scan despite the high cost and unavailability in all hospital facilities. However, although it is non-invasive, it is not an innocuous examination indeed; it has a strong irradiation power in contrast to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cerebral tumors of the child are frequent at the sub-tentorial level (69%). Elie in Cameroon had recovered 55%, [6] Hamza in Senegal had reported 53% [10]. On the other hand, some authors had noted a predominance at the supranational level. Broalet in Côte d'Ivoire found 54% [1] as did Wong.

The CT scan allows in most cases a histological diagnosis of presumption. The results of CT scans in various intracranial tumors were strongly correlated with histopathological abnormalities [21-23]. In our study, the histological type was specified on CT scans in 10 patients. These were 3 ependymomas, 2 medulloblastomas, 2 astrocytomas, 2 glioblastomas and 1 craniopharyngioma. Kamaan found 70% of the cases [18], Hamza [10] and Behat [24] found 50% of the cases, Elie 32% [1].

The majority of our patients received anti-edematous treatment with corticosteroids (47% of cases). The same treatment was used by Kanaan [18,19] in 90% of the cases. Hamza [10] had 30% of patients with corticosteroids and 53.3% with anti-edematous patients. Anti-comitial treatment was administered in 31% of cases (phenobarbital, diazepam). Analgesics were prescribed in all patients. Three patients were on oxygen and a ventilator.Six patients were operated on 30% of cases including total excision and partial excision. Four ventriculo-peritoneal derivations.

The evolution and prognosis of pediatric brain tumors were very dark with heavy mortality 62.5% of cases including six children even before surgical management. This high mortality could be explained by a delay in diagnostic and therapeutic management. Broalet had regained a favorable rate of change of 15% [1]. Higher rates were reported in the literature, 26% for BEHAT [24], 30% for Hamza and 48% for Kanaan [18].

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Conclusion

Cerebral tumors of the child are relatively frequent. The diagnosis of brain tumors is based primarily on histological analysis. Management is multidisciplinary.

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[gyrlversion]

Diagnosing dead artists by their work

Written by Karen Chernick

This article was published in partnership with Artsy, the global platform for discovering and collecting art. The original article can be seen here.

“Doctors love to play at diagnosis,” admitted Dr. Michael F. Marmor, a Stanford University ophthalmology professor and author of several books about artists and eyesight. Most physicians reserve their diagnoses for patients, but there is a subculture of medical professionals fascinated by the health problems of famous, dead artists — and how they affected their work.

As disciplines, art history and medicine share important similarities: Both fields require close observation and some guesswork, attracting practitioners who love a good puzzle. Recently, the two have become even more intertwined. Medical schools around the US are increasingly incorporating art classes into their programming, and research shows that looking at artwork can help doctors improve their observation skills. This correlation might explain why some physicians have taken an interest in studying the lives and works of creative masters, aided by their special set of diagnostic skills.

Peer-reviewed medical journals are peppered with studies that posthumously diagnose the illnesses of artists, using data that ranges from medical records to, in rare cases, the artist’s physical remains. Most commonly, though, such medical connoisseurs turn to the deceased’s body of work for clues.

This might seem like an amusing sport, but Marmor warned that many doctors use flawed measurements and take their conclusions too far. “Artists have license to paint as they wish, so style is mutable and not necessarily an indication of disease,” he said. “Speculation is always fun, but not when it is presented as ‘evidence’ in scientific journals.” The seven published studies detailed below use an array of inventive methods to flesh out a fuller picture of artists’ physical health in an attempt to better understand their work.

Michelangelo’s aching hands

An unfinished portrait of Michelangelo by Daniele da Volterra dating from around 1544. Credit: Courtesy of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

In his late seventies, Michelangelo wrote to his nephew that his hands — the primary tools of his illustrious sculpting career — were causing him immense pain. “Writing gives me a great discomfort,” the Italian Renaissance artist lamented. If writing was a struggle, then wielding a hammer and chisel against a durable block of Carrara marble would have seemed insurmountable. But identifying the precise joint ailment that plagued the celebrated sculptor’s digits has evaded modern physicians, who remain curious.

Authorities at the Church of Santa Croce in Florence, where the artist is buried, forbade the exhumation of Michelangelo’s remains for pathological investigations, and so the team of five medical researchers got creative. Their 2016 study, published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, opted to rely on two portraits of the artist made while he was alive, along with a later copy, homing in on their depictions of his disfigured hands. They diagnosed his joints with osteoarthritis caused by prolonged and extensive abuse. In layman’s terms, a lifetime of carving stones distorted his fingers and made them ache.

Leonardo da Vinci’s wandering eye

A study says that Leonardo da Vinci’s “Salvator Mundi” offers evidence that the artist had a rare eye condition. Credit: Carl Court/Getty Images Europe/Getty Images

Artists see the world differently, and some ophthalmologists have attributed their creative vision to their eyes. A 2018 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association argues that Leonardo da Vinci had strabismus — a vision disorder in which the eyes are misaligned, resulting in the loss of depth perception — an affliction that could explain the Renaissance master’s extraordinary skill. If Leonardo did indeed have strabismus, it might have been “rather convenient for the painter,” wrote the study’s author, Christopher W. Tyler, “since viewing the world with one eye allows direct comparison with the flat image being drawn or painted.”

As the basis of his research, Tyler compared six artworks that are thought to portray the artist, citing two sculptures, two oil paintings and two drawings. These include Leonardo’s “Salvator Mundi” (c. 1500) and “The Vitruvian Man” (c. 1490), with the justification that the artist believed that all of his works reproduced his own likeness to some degree. Tyler then measured the angular divergence of the pupils in his examples and averaged them; the mean angle for the misaligned eye was consistent with strabismus.

El Greco’s distorted visions

El Greco’s elongated portraits, such as “Saint Jerome as a Scholar” (c. 1610), have sparked debate in the medical community about the artitst’s eyesight. Credit: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

In 1913, an ophthalmologist named Germán Beritens wasn’t convinced that the dramatically elongated figures painted by Spanish Renaissance artist El Greco were the product of stylistic flair. He posited that severe astigmatism — an ocular condition in which the subject’s warped cornea causes uneven focus along different visual planes — must have caused the painter to actually see vertically outstretched figures, which he then translated to the canvas. Beritens’s theory seemingly explained El Greco’s idiosyncratic technique, making headlines when it was published.

Almost a century later, another researcher realized that Beritens’s logic was intuitive but faulty. In a 2002 study published in the journal Leonardo, Stuart Anstis, a psychologist at the University of California, San Diego, argued that if El Greco had an astigmatic defect, his vision would equally distort his subjects and his canvases. In other words, if El Greco painted a portrait of a nobleman, then both the portrait and the subject would have to appear similarly distorted in his eyes to confirm the diagnosis. Yet Anstis conducted experiments demonstrating that people with astigmatism are capable of drawing proportional objects. “(El Greco’s) elongations were an artistic expression, not a visual symptom,” Anstis concluded, putting to rest what is now known as the “El Greco fallacy.”

Paul Gauguin’s mysterious death

An 1889 self-portrait by Paul Gauguin who some have speculated died from syphilis. Credit: image courtesy National Gallery of Art

When Post-Impressionist painter Paul Gauguin passed away on the Marquesas Islands in 1903, he left behind four teeth in a glass jar and abundant speculation about whether or not he died from syphilis. An opportunity to address some of the unanswered questions surrounding his legacy arose in 2000, when those teeth were extracted from a sealed well near Gauguin’s former hut. Caroline Boyle-Turner, a Gauguin specialist, wanted to first confirm that the cavity-ridden molars did indeed belong to the Frenchman, and then see what could be learned from the remains.

A chance encounter on a cruise liner treading through the South Pacific put Boyle-Turner in contact with William Mueller, a founding member of the Dental Anthropological Association. The two became investigative partners, and their findings were published in Anthropology in 2018. The DNA extracted from the teeth was compared with DNA taken from the interred remains of the artist’s father ( recently identified in Chile), as well as a sample from Gauguin’s living grandson. The results were a match. The molars were also tested for traces of cadmium, mercury and arsenic, which were all common treatments for syphilis during Gauguin’s time. None were found, which doesn’t necessarily conclude that Gauguin wasn’t syphilitic, only that he didn’t receive those treatments (or at least not in a high enough dosage to leave a residue).

Claude Monet’s abstract outlook

Monet ‘s “Weeping Willow” (1918-1919), painted before the artist underwent surgery for cataracts. Credit: Google Art Project/Kimbell Art Museum

Impressionist painter Claude Monet produced his most abstract and expressive works toward the end of his career, and a 2015 case study published in the British Journal of General Practice claims that the cause of these innovations was poor eyesight. Monet began developing age-related bilateral cataracts in his sixties, a malady that caused him to see everything darker. In 1913, an ophthalmologist recommended he undergo cataract surgery. The artist refused, frightened by fellow artist Mary Cassatt’s failed eye surgery, and made do labeling his paint tubes to avoid using the wrong colors.

But after a decade of dimness, Monet finally agreed, in 1923, to have the surgery, and his renewed eyesight allowed him to see the true colors of his preoperative paintings (many of which he destroyed). After recovery, he resumed his original color palette. “Monet’s postoperative works are devoid of garish colors or coarse application,” notes Anna Gruener, the ophthalmologist who penned the article. “It is therefore unlikely that he had intentionally adopted the broader and more abstract style of his late paintings, reinforcing the argument that Monet’s late works were the result of cataracts and not conscious experimentation with a more expressionistic style.”

Giorgio de Chirico’s metaphysical hallucinations

Italian painter Giorgio De Chirico pictured in his studio in Rome. Credit: Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Did 20th-century Italian painter Giorgio de Chirico have help — beyond his fantastical imagination — conjuring the metaphysical images that pervade his eerie canvases? An article published in European Neurology in 2003 argues that the answer might be temporal lobe epilepsy, a neurological condition that can produce complex hallucinations. In his 1929 book “Hebdomeros,” De Chirico himself wrote that his paintings recorded his hallucinatory experiences. That disclosure has puzzled doctors who have tried to establish whether the artist’s visions came from migraines with aura or temporal lobe epilepsy.

Migraines usually cause subjects to have blurred or deformed vision, this article notes, which does not characterize De Chirico’s work. His superimposition of several realities, the paper argues, is more in tune with the complex imagery of partial seizures. Nonetheless, the author admits that while neurological case reports on artists can be instructive, “critical clinical data are often lacking so that the final diagnosis may remain controversial.”

‘Degenerate’ Paul Klee’s degenerative health

Paul Klee’s 1938 paining “Erzengel” Credit: Lenbachhaus

The last five years of the Swiss-German artist Paul Klee’s life were prolific: He produced almost 2,500 artworks — a quarter of his entire body of work. But these works were also his most physically grueling, since he suffered from a combination of skin conditions, ulcers, anemia and esophageal swelling that weren’t conclusively diagnosed while he was alive. Nearly 40 years after Klee’s death, the artist’s ailments fascinated a young dermatologist-in-training, Hans Suter, who spent decades reconstructing the artist’s medical history, interviewing Klee’s widow and only son, and poring over unpublished letters describing the artist’s symptoms.

Suter concluded, in a book and an article summarizing his findings (both from 2010), that Klee had diffuse systemic sclerosis — a rare autoimmune disease. While the disease doesn’t seem to have changed Klee’s artistic style, Suter attributes the artist’s painful outbreaks to stress following certain taxing biographical events: Klee’s dismissal as an art professor from the Düsseldorf College of Art; poor reception of his avant-garde work; and his stigmatization as a “degenerate” artist by the Nazis.

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Tired Eyes: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Tired eyes? Every time we spend more hours in front of the cell phone and the computer, which can cause eye fatigue, visual fatigue, and even eye strain caused in part by stress. Eye Specialist in Rohini will tell you how to prevent it.

What is the tired eye?

The sensation of tired eyes in this epoch on which we depend so much on our work of technology as for our personal leisure is frequent to distinguish it. It usually has its origin in an overexertion to which we submit our sight. However, we must pay attention because it may also be due to some refractive defect such as myopia or corneal astigmatism, says Eye Surgeon in Rohini.

According to Eye Doctor in Pitampura, excessive physical and visual effort, even inadequate in the workplace can cause this syndrome of tired eyes at the end of our workday.

Causes of tired eyes

When we have tired eyes, usually caused by visual fatigue (or asthenopia), unlike what you can come to believe, arises by making use of our eyes in bad conditions, not by abusing them for hours, says Eye Doctor in Rohini.

However, the tired eyes syndrome or also known as visual computer syndrome, can cause visual fatigue due to excessive exposure to the screens of electronic devices.

The most frequent causes are:

Bad lighting: insufficient, very intense or because it causes brightness that reflects directly in our eyes.

Dry environments: due to improper use of air conditioning or heating that can dry out our eyes.

Eyes tired by stress: for work, but also for lack of sleep. As a result, dark circles in the eyes may appear in some people.

Tasks that require fixing the sight at close range for a long time. For example, read a book or thread a needle.

Uncorrected refractive problems (myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism) or because of inadequate grading.

Strabismus problems. E n the case of a child of childhood strabismus.

Symptoms of tired eyes

Tired eyes, therefore, are a very common discomfort that may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

Redness of the eyes

Blurry vision.

Headache.

Swelling of eyes

Ocular dryness or Foreign body sensation in the eye.

Punctures in the eyes.

Dark circles or bags in the eyes.

Treatment of tired eyes

If the tired eye as we have mentioned arises due to refractive defect, the Eye Surgeon in Pitampura will assess which is the solution and adequate technique for its solution that is usually the refractive surgery through which, through an ocular operation, the patient stops depend on glasses and contact lenses.

If you have eyes in your part, you have to do with presbyopia or tired eyesight, the latest generation trifocal intraocular lenses help patients to completely eliminate their dependence on close-up glasses, improving their quality and visual acuity.

On the other hand, if you are tired of the degenerative disorder that has not been remedy, specialists advise to follow a series of recommendations to delay their appearance and that in the following section are exposed.

Prevention of tired eyes

How to highlight the feeling of tired eyes? Here are some tips that can prevent this nuisance:

Work with good lighting: if it is natural better adapting to the needs of your eyes. The artificial lighting tires a lot to the eyes.

The rule of 20: if by your work you expose your eyes to the computer, specialists advise to look up every 20 minutes, for 20 seconds and focus on an object that is 20 feet (6 meters approx).

Force the blink: and close your eyes for 20 seconds from time to time.

Place your computer screen properly: at a 45-degree angle to the height of your eyes to avoid problems in addition to the neck and back. Place protection filters.

Healthy eating: rich in vitamins A, B, C and F such as carrots, broccoli, onions and citrus fruits, as well as foods with zinc.

Avoid alcohol and tobacco.

Adequate hydration: by using artificial tears from pharmacies to relief the discomfort of itching or dry eyes. It is necessary that a specialist ophthalmologist prescribe them before.

Do not hesitate to contact your Eye Centre in Rohini as soon as you begin to notice that you cannot alleviate your tired eyes symptoms in any way, especially if your vision begins to be compromised.