#in general libel of many forms was considered not good and sometimes it was illegal in norse laws

[norsesuggestions]

please give me a source for that "crime to call someone a bottom" thing it sounds amazing

here from wikipedia, search word “ergi”

Ergi (noun) and argr (adjective) are two Old Norse terms of insult, denoting effeminacy or other unmanly behavior. Argr (also ragr) is “unmanly” and ergi is “unmanliness”; the terms have cognates in other Germanic languages such as earh, earg, arag, arug, and so on.

Ergi in the Viking Age

To accuse another man of being argr was called scolding (see nīþ), and thus a legal reason to challenge the accuser in holmgang. If holmgang was refused by the accused, he could be outlawed (full outlawry), as this refusal proved that the accuser was right and the accused was argr (= unmanly, cowardly). If the accused fought successfully in holmgang and had thus proven that he was not argr, the scolding was considered what was in Old English called eacan, an unjustified, severe defamation, and the accuser had to pay the offended party full compensation. The Gray Goose Laws states:

There are three words—should exchanges between people ever reach such dire limits—which all have full outlawry as the penalty; if a man calls another ragr, stroðinn or sorðinn. As they are to be prosecuted like other fullréttisorð and, what is more, a man has the right to kill in retaliation for these three words. He has the right to kill in retaliation on their account over the same period as he has the right to kill on account of women, in both cases up the next General Assembly. The man who utters these words falls with forfeit immunity at the hands of anyone who accompanies the man about whom they were uttered to the place of their encounter.[1]

The practice of seiðr (sorcery) was considered ergi in the Viking Age, and in Icelandic accounts and medieval Scandinavian laws, the term argr had connotations of a receptive, passive role of a freeborn man during homosexual intercourse. There are no written records of how the northern people thought of homosexuality before this conversion.

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergi

oh and also here!

Níð, argr, ragr and ergi

Ergi and argr (Wendish ‘inclosure’) or ragr (Wendish ‘entrance’) can be regarded as specifying swearwords. Ergi, argr and ragr were the severe insults made by calling someone a coward, and due to its severity old Scandinavian laws demanded retribution for this accusation if it had turned out unjustified. The Icelandic Gray Goose Laws[2] referred to three words that were regarded as equal to argr by themselves. Those were ragr, strodinn, and sordinn, all three meaning the passive role of a man included in same-sex activities among males.[3] Another semantic belonging to argr, ragr and ergi was, from the Gray Goose, “being a sorcerer’s friend.”

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%AB%C3%BE

i am no expert of gayness in the viking age, but this is what the joke refers too in my previous post.

as the text points out, these laws and customs are all written down when the norse were christian, so that is something to keep in mind. and i am sure there are lots of persepectives of these laws which are not presented in the wiki text.

but, anyway, bottom = ergi is a possible way to translate ergi in this context. and thats the basis of the joke ;P

[mishaxdleggfn96insurance-blog]

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