#i decided Spain IS book smark

[asitrita]

Personal headcanon that although both Portugal and Spain were extremely good navigators, and both pretty knowledgeable of astronomy and sky mapping (there's a reason Portugal has an armillary sphere in its coat of arms) Portugal excells at shipbuilding and cartography, whereas Spain excells at "reading" the winds and ocean currents, and is generally pretty good with orientation, which is what allowed him to succeed in open sea navigation, while Portuguese sailors usually pioneered in navigation dicoveries but rarely ventured too far from the coastline. Summing up, while Portuguese navigators were innovators who laid the groundwork for long-distance exploration with excellent ships and detailed maps, the Spanish might have perfected ocean navigation through their ability to harness natural forces like the winds and currents, allowing them to excel in open-sea voyages and global expeditions, thus my hc for these two.