#hydrogen selenide

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Figure 6.40 shows that there are periodic trends in the boiling points of these compounds. (...) As figure 6.40 shows, ammonia, water and hydrogen fluoride depart dramatically from the periodic behaviour.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[drethelin]

Imagine trying to live in a world dominated by dihydrogen oxide, a compound that has no taste or smell and is so variable in its properties that it is generally benign but at other times swiftly lethal. Depending on its state, it can scald you or freeze you. In the presence of certain organic molecules it can form carbonic acids so nasty that they can strip the leaves from trees and eat the faces off statuary. In bulk, when agitated, it can strike with a fury that no human edifice could withstand. Even for those who have learned to live with it, it is an often murderous substance. We call it water.

Water is everywhere. A potato is 80 per cent water, a cow 74 per cent, a bacterium 75 per cent. A tomato, at 95 per cent, is little but water. Even humans are 65 per cent water, making us more liquid than solid by a margin of almost two to one. Water is strange stuff. It is formless and transparent, and yet we long to be beside it. It has no taste and yet we love the taste of it. We will travel great distances and pay small fortunes to see it in sunshine. And even though we know it is dangerous and drowns tens of thousands of people every year, we can’t wait to frolic in it.

Because water is so ubiquitous we tend to overlook what an extraordinary substance it is. Almost nothing about it can be used to make reliable predictions about the properties of other liquids, and vice versa. If you knew nothing of water and based your assumptions on the behaviour of compounds most chemically akin to it—hydrogen selenide or hydrogen sulphide, notably—you would expect it to boil at minus 93 degrees Celsius and to be a gas at room temperature.

Most liquids when chilled contract by about 10 per cent. Water does too, but only down to a point. Once it is within whispering distance of freezing, it begins—perversely, beguilingly, extremely improbably—to expand. By the time it is solid, it is almost a tenth more voluminous than it was before. Because it expands, ice floats on water—“an utterly bizarre property,” according to John Gribbin. If it lacked this splendid waywardness, ice would sink, and lakes and oceans would freeze from the bottom up. Without surface ice to hold heat in, the water’s warmth would radiate away, leaving it even chillier and creating yet more ice. Soon even the oceans would freeze and almost certainly stay that way for a very long time, probably for ever—hardly the conditions to nurture life. Thankfully for us, water seems unaware of the rules of chemistry or laws of physics.

Everyone knows that water’s chemical formula is H2O, which means that it consists of one largish oxygen atom with two smaller hydrogen atoms attached to it. The hydrogen atoms cling fiercely to their oxygen host, but also make casual bonds with other water molecules. The nature of a water molecule means that it engages in a kind of dance with other water molecules, briefly pairing and then moving on, like the ever-changing partners in a quadrille, to use Robert Kunzig’s nice phrase. A glass of water may not appear terribly lively, but every molecule in it is changing partners billions of times a second. That’s why water molecules stick together to form bodies like puddles and lakes, but not so tightly that they can’t be easily separated as when, for instance, you dive into a pool of them. At any given moment only 15 per cent of them are actually touching.In one sense the bond is very strong—it is why water molecules can flow uphill when siphoned and why water droplets on a car bonnet show such a singular determination to bead with their partners. It is also why water has surface tension. The molecules at the surface are attracted more powerfully to the like molecules beneath and beside them than to the air molecules above. This creates a sort of membrane strong enough to support insects and skipping stones. It is what gives the sting to a belly-flop.

-- Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything

we should talk about water more often that shit is crazy

[foodandbeverages]

Selenium Yeast Market – Growth, Statistics, By Application, Production, Revenue & Forecast To 2032

The global selenium yeast market is set to witness growth at a CAGR of 3.7% and top a valuation of US$ 375.9 Mn by 2032, as per Future Market Insights (FMI). Selenium as an important trace element is required to maintain good health and a balanced nutrient profile.

Selenium yeast is an essential compound product containing selenoproteins which is required by several other important anti-oxidants to convert hormones from inactive to the active form. As an optimal selenium level is very important in order to maintain a healthy and proper body function, intake of a selenium-based diet and supplements should be accurate, which can be provided by selenium yeast perfectly.

Selenium yeast in any form is utilized by selenoprotein synthesis of the body and it works best when organically sourced. This is easily metabolized as a cellular storage form of selenium, known as hydrogen selenide.

Selenomethionine absorption works best, as organic selenium yeast uses same active transport mechanism like methionine, which is an essential amino acid. This can only be dietary selenium which is more efficient than inorganic forms of selenium in terms of selenomethionine absorption. Some selenium yeast supplements include vitamin E as well to further facilitate selenium absorption and increase its antioxidant effects.

Dive into the dynamic world of the Selenium Yeast Market with our exclusive sample report. Get ready to make informed decisions and seize opportunities! https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-15282

Key Takeaways from Market Study

The selenium yeast market is expected to reach a valuation of US$ 261.4 Mn in 2022 and expand at CAGR of 3.7% through 2032.

Global selenium yeast demand is projected to grow year-on-year (Y-o-Y) growth of 3.3% in 2022.

The selenium yeast market is growing with a notable boost towards the production to reach US$ 375.9 Mn by 2032.

In terms of nature, organic selenium yeast is expected to gain immense popularity across the globe over the forecast period.

In terms of grade, the food grade segment is expected to witness robust growth through 2022 & beyond

Based on application, the dietary and pharmaceuticals industries are expected to account for notable market share during the forecast period.

“Organic selenium yeast supplements are essential due to several facilities it provides to human health including higher anti-oxidant activities and other nutrients absorption, which is driving the growth in food, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed industries over the forecast period,” says a Future Market Insights analyst.

Competitive Landscape

Key selenium yeast brands are focusing on sustainable and organic product developments while extending the product portfolio with extensive research procedures and several modifications to capture more market share in global arena and to further boost the industry growth.

The brand Lallemand Inc. provides selenium yeast products under the name of Lalmin® Selenium, which is a safe form of essential mineral compound of organically bound selenium and available in the selenomethionine form. The range contains two products – Lalmin® Se1000 with 0.1% organically bound selenium, and Lalmin® Se2000 with 0.2% organically bound selenium, which provides antioxidant activity, supports thyroid, immune, and reproductive functions, and maintains nails and hair health.

The manufacturer Lesaffre is selling organically bound nutritional yeast named as Lynside® Forte Se+ which is fortified with selenium to improve immunity and fertility in human body. During the fermentation process of production, the selenium gets integrated fully by the yeast and becomes an active coumpound of selenomethionine, which is the most bioavailable form of selenium to provide proteins, vitamins, fibers, minerals, and more nutrients to contribute to overall health and wellness.

Explore More Valuable Insights

Future Market Insights, in its new report, offers an impartial analysis of the global selenium yeast market, presenting historical data (2017-2021) and estimation statistics for the forecast period of 2022-2032.

The study offers compelling insights based on nature (organic and conventional), grade (food grade and feed grade), and application (food & beverages, nutraceuticals & dietary supplements, animal feed, and others), across seven major regions of the world.

Information Source: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/selenium-yeast-market ��

[iyrosolar]

The Future of Solar Energy Technology

Solar energy has emerged as a frontrunner in the pursuit of sustainable and clean power sources. With its incredible potential to mitigate climate change and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, solar energy technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace. In this blog, we will delve into the future of solar energy technology, exploring the key advancements and innovations that are driving the industry forward.

When it comes to technology then Iyro Solar is one of the leading solar panel manufacturing in India. It uses advance technology to manufacture its solar panel with fully automated latest technology. Iyro Solar is not just a manufacturing unit it is one of the few companies who has taken vow to produce green energy and reduce Carbon Emissions and make India healthy and safe.

Advancements in Photovoltaic Efficiency: One of the primaries focuses of solar energy research is enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Traditional silicon-based PV panels have made great strides, but the future lies in advanced materials and design. Scientists are actively exploring new materials such as perovskite and multi-junction cells, which have the potential to achieve higher conversion efficiencies while lowering manufacturing costs.

Additionally, emerging technologies like tandem solar cells, which combine different semiconductors to capture a broader range of the solar spectrum, are gaining traction. These innovative approaches could significantly increase power output and make solar panels more efficient even in low-light conditions.

Transparent Solar Panels and Building Integration: Imagine a world where every window and glass surface seamlessly harness sunlight to generate electricity. Transparent solar panels, also known as solar windows, are a promising development in building integration. These panels use organic materials or thin-film technologies to selectively transmit light while absorbing solar energy. With further advancements, they could be integrated into skyscrapers, homes, and even vehicles, revolutionizing the way we think about power generation and architectural design.

Solar Energy Storage Solutions: Storage is a key component in maximizing the potential of solar energy. While traditional lithium-ion batteries have played a significant role, new energy storage technologies are on the horizon. For instance, researchers are exploring the potential of flow batteries, which use liquid electrolytes to store and release energy. Flow batteries have the advantage of scalability and potentially longer lifetimes compared to conventional batteries.

Moreover, solar energy can be converted into other forms such as hydrogen through water electrolysis. Hydrogen can then be stored and used as a clean fuel for various applications, including transportation and heating. The development of cost-effective and efficient hydrogen production processes holds promise for a more comprehensive and versatile energy storage solution.

Solar Panel Innovations: Flexibility and Portability: Innovations in solar panel design are making them more flexible and portable. Thin-film solar panels, such as those based on CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) technology, offer greater flexibility and can be integrated into various surfaces, including curved or irregular shapes. This opens up new possibilities for solar power integration in unconventional settings such as clothing, backpacks, and outdoor structures.

Furthermore, advancements in rollable or foldable solar panels are enabling easy transportability and deployment. These lightweight and compact panels are ideal for off-grid applications, camping, and emergency situations, providing access to clean energy wherever needed.

Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT): The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and IoT technologies with solar energy systems is transforming how we manage and optimize power generation. AI algorithms can analyze weather patterns, energy consumption data, and real-time performance metrics to optimize the efficiency of solar panels and energy storage systems. This ensures maximum power generation and utilization, reducing waste and increasing overall system performance.

I would recommend every solar enthusiast to buy solar products from Iyro Solar as it manufactures its own solar panel in their manufacturing units which is integrated with advance technologies.

[fgnex]

Preparation of copper indium gallium selenide thin film materials 2

The absorption layer of CIGS thin film is the core part of the CIGS thin film solar cell, the quality of the thin film is very important to the performance of the cell, but the quality of the CIGS thin film is closely related to the preparation process. Today I will introduce to you the preparation of CIGS thin films by a pre-layer post-selenide method.

Pre-layer post-selenide method

The post-preset layer selenization method is to first deposit a thin film layer with a reasonable distribution of Cu, In, and Ga elements on the substrate by the sputtering deposition process, and then post-process the CIGS pre-layer in a selenium-containing atmosphere， obtain CIGS thin films that meet the stoichiometric ratio. This process includes the preparation of the pre-set layer and the post-selenization process.

Preparation

The preparation of CIG pre-layers generally adopts the sputtering method, because the sputtering technology is mature, the atomic ratio is easy to control, and the film thickness and composition distribution are uniforms, and it has become the preferred process for industrialization.

Post selenization

In the selenization process of the post-selenide method, the Se sources used are gaseous hydrogen selenide (H2Se), solid particles, and diethyl selenide (((C2H5)Se: DESe)).

At present, the most widely used Se source and the best quality of selenized CIGS is H2Se gas. In this process, gaseous H2Se is generally diluted with inert gas Ar or N2, and the flow rate is precisely controlled. During the selenization process, H2Se can be decomposed into atomic Se, which has high activity and is easy to react with the pre-layered CIG to obtain high-quality CIGS films. The H2Se selenization device is relatively simple, as shown in Figure 1.

Some scholars use this method to prepare modules with a conversion efficiency of 14% and have completed a 20MW/a production plant. The preparation of CIGS thin films by this method has certain advantages in reducing cost, improving material utilization, and realizing large-area preparation. To complete the CIGS film, and H2Se is highly toxic and volatile, dangerous, high cost, requires high-pressure container storage, will cause environmental pollution.

The solid-state Se source selenization is to put Se particles as selenium source into the evaporation boat and use the evaporation method to generate Se vapor to selenize the pre-set layer. This method can avoid the use of highly toxic H2Se gas, so the operation is safer and the equipment is relatively simple.

The researchers placed the preset layer and selenium powder in a semi-hermetic graphite box; the graphite box was placed in a quartz tube of a tube furnace. The graphite box was heated to make the Se gasify and react with the CIG pre-layer to form the CIGS film. The advantages of this process are that it is non-toxic and cheap, but the disadvantages are that the vapor pressure of Se is difficult to control, and the activity of Se atoms is poor, which is easy to cause the loss of In and Ga, which leads to the deviation of CIGS from the stoichiometric ratio.

Organometallic Se source ((C2H5)Se: DESe) is expected to be an alternative selenide for highly toxic H2Se. Compared with H2Se, DESe is stored in the form of a liquid in an atmospheric stainless steel container, and the risk of leakage is lower, but the cost of DESe is higher than that of H2Se. high. Some scholars have prepared a CIGS battery with an efficiency of 137% using DESe as a selenium source. Compared with the co-evaporation method, the content and distribution of Ga in the post-selenide process are not easy to control, it is difficult to form a double gradient structure, and the overall efficiency of the cell is not high.

Wuxi Fugenes Technology Co., Ltd. is a company invested by MY SOLAR, a photovoltaic module factory established in Wuxi, Jiangsu in 2005. The company established FGNEX in 2019 to expand its product line of inverters, racks, energy storage systems, and EV chargers. FGNEX 1650x650mm CIGS BIPV Photovoltaic Module is one of our products, more details are as follow:

If you are interested in our products, please contact us.

Related news of CIGS Modules

Research of copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells

Preparation of copper indium gallium selenide thin films 1

[technogeekstmr]

Plastic Solar Cell Market Size, Growth Estimation, Sales Projection, Emerging Trends and Segmentation By 2027

The basic functioning of a solar cell is to convert light energy into electrical energy. Traditional solar cells are made up of silicon based layer PV (Photovoltaic) cells that absorb heat from the sun and produces energy. Sunlight consists of very small particles of photons that are absorbed by the solar cells. When the sunlight strikes the surface of the semiconductor material of the solar cell, photovoltaic effect takes place that converts light energy into DC (direct current) electricity. The produced direct current is then converted into alternating current through an inverter. Scientists have invented new plastic solar cells that can turn the sun power into electrical energy even on a cloudy day. This new infrared plastic solar cell uses nanotechnology that absorbs the infrared part of the sun’s energy. The solar cell consists of nanorods scattered in the cell and present in the layer between electrodes. These nanorods are made up of cadmium selenide and are coated with aluminum. The heat from the sun is absorbed by the cells and is used to move electrons freely, forming current. Molecular engineering can shift the energy gap that allows chemical transformation in these materials. Due to high amount of optical absorption coefficient or organic molecules, large amount of light can be absorbed using fewer materials. Plastic solar cells have extensive applications and potential uses from gadgets to building integrations. The main features of plastic solar cells are flexibility and adaptability i.e. it can be cut into any length and can be made in custom colors, apart from being lightweight and ultra-thin. Conventional solar cells can only absorb the sun’s visible rays i.e. only half of the sun’s radiation. Plastic solar cells are 30% more efficient than conventional solar cells and are very compact. The plastics used in plastic solar cells have low production costs at high volumes. These solar cells are potentially cost effective for photovoltaic applications.

Exploiting the infrared radiation from the sun’s rays even on cloudy days, compactness, and flexibility are the major drivers of the plastic solar cells market. Also, these plastic solar cells can be deployed in other applications as well such as hiking packs, wearable’s, and PV tubes. Its design freedom can integrate with many gadgets, wearable electronics, and other low power devices, thus providing wide opportunities for the growth of the plastic solar cell market. However, in the current scenario, plastic solar cells have some limitations that can hinder the growth of the market. The limitations include shorter life span as compared to traditional solar panels and high maintenance and constant monitoring. Also, plastic solar cells cost about 10 times more than its traditional counterpart.

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Plastic solar cells can be segmented on the basis of application, end-use industry, and geography. By application, the market can be segmented into solar farms, residential, hydrogen powered cars, disposable solar panel posters, and others. By end-use industry, plastic solar cells market can be segmented into electronics and electrical, power and energy, automobiles and others.

By geography, the plastic solar cells market can be bifurcated into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South America. Europe is the most influential region in the global plastic solar cell market due to presence of major plastic solar cell manufacturing companies, apart from the increased adoption of plastic solar cells in the flourishing automotive industry.

Some of the prominent players in the plastic solar cell market include infinityPV, Cambridge Display Technology, BP Solar, Phototherm, Yingli Solar, OneMaterial, Sumitomo Chemical, CSEM, DuPont, Canadian Solar Inc., SINTEF, and Eight19 Ltd. These major players are continuously investing in research and development to make improvements in existing plastic solar cells by improving performance and life span.

The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth qualitative insights, historical data, and verifiable projections about market size. The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions. By doing so, the research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to: Regional markets, technology, types, and applications.

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[juniperpublishers-jdvs]

Mini Review and Prospective: Using Organic Selenium-Strengthened Salt in Fish Processing to Mitigate the Toxicity of Residual Mercury- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

This paper reviews the toxic issue of Hg residue in fish and discusses the possibility of applying selenium strengthened salt in fish process to solve the problem. Selenium is a natural antagonist to Hg, However, daily selenium supplementation for dealing fish Hg is not improper due to the possible side effects of excessive intake. It may be feasible to use less toxic organic selenium strengthened salt instead of common salt in fish processing, which may avoid of excessive intake of selenium, and reduce toxicity by changes of mercury chemical forms and bioavailability. This paper reviews the toxic issue of Hg residue in fish, and discusses the possibility of applying selenium strengthened salt in fish process to solve the problem of Mercury (Hg) residue, which is an important food safety issue.

Keywords: Heavy metal; Aquatic food; Neurotoxicity; Minamata disease

Go to

Mercury Residue in Fish is an Important Food Safety Problem

Mercury is an important global pollutant, prioritized by many international organizations for its persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation and toxicity in the food chain, especially in aquatic products. The toxicity of Hg was known since 1940s, first, deadly Hunter-Russell syndrome and then a public health disaster of Minamata Disease in Japan were reported, followed by reports from Iraq other areas. It has been estimated that annual worldwide emissions of mercury into the atmosphere at 2,200 metric tons. One-third of these emissions originate from natural sources (volcanic eruptions and decay of mercury-containing sediment), while two-thirds from man- made sources [1]. The issue of Hg gets sustained concern, in the past August 16, 2017; the "United Nations Convention on the Minamata of Hg” has entered into force worldwide, with the aim of controlling and reducing global Hg emissions.

Much of this discharged Hg settles in water, and fish is polluted. Hg exists in three basic states: elemental Hg or Hg vapor, inorganic Hg, and organic Hg. in water, elemental and inorganic Hg is converted by microorganisms into organic Hg, in which Hg is bonded to a structure containing carbon atoms (methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or similar groups), organic Hg is easily dissolved in water, it is ingested by smaller creatures, and eventually consumed by larger fish. Fish at the top of the food chain may concentrate considerable Hg in their tissues even in water with very low levels of methyl Hg [2]. Aquatic products as major organic Hg source get great attention. In the U.S, there are currently 1,782 advisories (one per body of water) issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 41 states in the United States restricting the consumption of any locally caught fish or shellfish due to their Hg content [2]. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), presented data warning of the consequences for fetuses of women who follow the current FDA's fish consumption advisory and eat 12 ounces of “safe” fish per week. There is no ideal method to solve the problem of Hg residues in fish.

Go to

Toxicological Mechanism of Hg and Detoxifying Effect of Selenium

Although the mechanism of Hg toxicity is still unclear, most studies agree that Hg firmly binds to thiol (-SH) and seleno (-SeH) containing macromolecules, the binding controls the movement of Hg and disrupts the biological function of various important molecules, chiefly, it unbalances the redox state, leads to free radicals overproduction, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, finally, neuro degeneration and many other diseases [3,4]. In this sense, the exogenous addition of sulphides and selenides would be protective, and some sulphides and selenides were investigated for this purpose. In fact, the drugs currently treating Hg poisoning are mainly sulfur-containing compounds possessing metal chelation property, however, drug treatment is effective only when Hg poisoning is caused by a large amount of Hg in the short term, and has no clear effect on the chronic toxicity caused by a small quantity of Hg exceeding the general food. We found that hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydride has a certain effect on chronic Hg toxicity in experimental animals, but there are still problems in its application to human.

Selenium and sulfur both are VIA elements, and the binding ability of selenium and Hg is stronger than that of sulfur and Hg (the complexing constants are 1045 and 1039 respectively). Selenium appears in various forms such as selenite, selenate, selenomethionine, and selenocysteine, it forms part of several important enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase [5]. Selenium is a natural antagonist to Hg, which was first shown experimentally by Parizek and Ostadalova in 1967 [6], later a positive correlation between Hg and Se has been commonly reported. She has been proposed to sequentially bind to Hg and selenoprotein P in the bloodstream, to form a non-toxic complex, and the formation of Hg-Se complex with selenoprotein P causes redistribution of Hg in the organism or reduces the absorption of Hg [7,8].

Selenium is an essential trace element for living organisms, the recommended intake dose is 50μg/d for people over 18 years of age, selenium deficiency in human will lead to the occurrence of various diseases such as cardio-cerebro vascular disease, liver disease, diabetes and tumor, the deadly Keshan disease which occurs in China is related to selenium deficiency. In China, nutrition intervention project with sodium selenite and iodine- strengthed salt for the population living in selenium deficiency area has been in the history of more than 30 years, which improves the selenium nutrition status of the population in the coverage area as a whole. However, due to the toxicity of inorganic sodium selenite, the project has been banned since 2012. The safety of organic selenium relative to inorganic selenium is good, at present, organic selenium fortified salt products and some other selenium supplements on the market, such as selenium- amino acids, selenium-enriched eggs, selenium-enriched vegetables, and so on, the effects of these products need to be further evaluated.

Due to the possible side effects of daily selenium supplementation, which may be manifested after ingestion only slightly higher than those nutritionally required [9]. Selenium is not currently used in the treatment of heavy metal intoxication.

Go to

Prospective: Using Organic Selenium Strengthened Salt in Fish Processing

Most fish processes including canned, pickled and cooking need salt, it may be feasible to use organic selenium strengthened salt instead of common salt in fish processing for reducing toxicity of Hg residue. First, selenium in processed fish may have good safety. Since organic selenium is less toxic, salt ingested is self-limiting and people do not eat fish every day, people are excluded from health problems of excessive intake of selenium.

Second, selenium in processed fish may reduce toxicity of Hg residue both before and after fish is ingested. The selenium in fish not only plays the role of the nutrition after being ingested, but also the direct reaction of selenium with residual Hg in fish may lead to the change of Hg chemical forms, bioavailability and neurotoxicity of Hg.

Go to

Conclusion

It may be feasible for using organic selenium-strengthened salt in fish processing to mitigate the toxicity of residual mercury, which needs further experimental data to support.

To know more about  journal of veterinary science impact factor: https://juniperpublishers.com/jdvs/index.php

To know more about Open Access Publishers: Juniper Publishers

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Semiconductors: Zinc selenide

A light yellow, solid compound of equal parts zinc and selenium, zinc selenide is an intrinsic semiconductor. Rarely occurring in nature, it can nevertheless be found in the mineral stilleite. It crystallizes in both hexagonal and cubic crystal structures.

As a semiconductor, zinc selenide can be doped with elements such as the halogen group to produce an n-type semiconductor, while p-type doping is much more difficult (yet still achievable with gallium). It has a large band gap of about 2.7 eV at room temperature.

Because of zinc selenide’s favorable optical properties, such as its transparency for a wide spectral range - from the visible light wavelength known as yellow (around half a micron) to the far IR (just over twenty microns) - it is often used in optical applications. It is chemically inert (though reactions with acids produce the dangerous gas hydrogen selenide), with high resistance to thermal shock and is easily machined, with extremely low bulk losses.

Optically, ZnSe is used as infrared laser gain medium, as an infrared optical material, in optical windows, lenses, mirrors, prisms, and many other applications. As a semiconductor, ZnSe is used to form LEDs and diode lasers, emitting blue light.

Sources: ( 1 - image 1 ) ( 2 - image 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 )

Image sources: ( 2 ) ( 4 )

[trendingfact]

Plastic Solar Cell Market: Latest Trends and Forecast Analysis up to 2026

The basic functioning of a solar cell is to convert light energy into electrical energy. Traditional solar cells are made up of silicon based layer PV (Photovoltaic) cells that absorb heat from the sun and produces energy. Sunlight consists of very small particles of photons that are absorbed by the solar cells. When the sunlight strikes the surface of the semiconductor material of the solar cell, photovoltaic effect takes place that converts light energy into DC (direct current) electricity. The produced direct current is then converted into alternating current through an inverter.

Scientists have invented new plastic solar cells that can turn the sun power into electrical energy even on a cloudy day. This new infrared plastic solar cell uses nanotechnology that absorbs the infrared part of the sun’s energy. The solar cell consists of nanorods scattered in the cell and present in the layer between electrodes. These nanorods are made up of cadmium selenide and are coated with aluminum. The heat from the sun is absorbed by the cells and is used to move electrons freely, forming current. Molecular engineering can shift the energy gap that allows chemical transformation in these materials. Due to high amount of optical absorption coefficient or organic molecules, large amount of light can be absorbed using fewer materials.

Plastic solar cells have extensive applications and potential uses from gadgets to building integrations. The main features of plastic solar cells are flexibility and adaptability i.e. it can be cut into any length and can be made in custom colors, apart from being lightweight and ultra-thin. Conventional solar cells can only absorb the sun’s visible rays i.e. only half of the sun’s radiation. Plastic solar cells are 30% more efficient than conventional solar cells and are very compact. The plastics used in plastic solar cells have low production costs at high volumes. These solar cells are potentially cost effective for photovoltaic applications.

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Exploiting the infrared radiation from the sun’s rays even on cloudy days, compactness, and flexibility are the major drivers of the plastic solar cells market. Also, these plastic solar cells can be deployed in other applications as well such as hiking packs, wearable’s, and PV tubes. Its design freedom can integrate with many gadgets, wearable electronics, and other low power devices, thus providing wide opportunities for the growth of the plastic solar cell market. However, in the current scenario, plastic solar cells have some limitations that can hinder the growth of the market. The limitations include shorter life span as compared to traditional solar panels and high maintenance and constant monitoring. Also, plastic solar cells cost about 10 times more than its traditional counterpart.

Plastic solar cells can be segmented on the basis of application, end-use industry, and geography. By application, the market can be segmented into solar farms, residential, hydrogen powered cars, disposable solar panel posters, and others. By end-use industry, plastic solar cells market can be segmented into electronics and electrical, power and energy, automobiles and others.

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By geography, the plastic solar cells market can be bifurcated into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South America. Europe is the most influential region in the global plastic solar cell market due to presence of major plastic solar cell manufacturing companies, apart from the increased adoption of plastic solar cells in the flourishing automotive industry.

Some of the prominent players in the plastic solar cell market include infinityPV, Cambridge Display Technology, BP Solar, Phototherm, Yingli Solar, OneMaterial, Sumitomo Chemical, CSEM, DuPont, Canadian Solar Inc., SINTEF, and Eight19 Ltd. These major players are continuously investing in research and development to make improvements in existing plastic solar cells by improving performance and life span.

[invwater]

Fungicide for Reverse Osmosis Film Components (UN-611)

The most common contaminants in water are microorganisms, nitrate, and arsenic. Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Giardia, lamblia, cryptosporidium, coliform, and E. coli are common kinds of bacteria.

Bacterial contamination is most likely to have originated from animal waste that has found its way into water sources through runoff. Occasionally, these bacteria will contaminate crops in the field by irrigating with water tainted with raw manure.

Nitrate is a chemical found in most fertilizers, manure, and liquid waste discharged from septic Reverse Osmosis tanks. Natural bacteria in soil can convert nitrogen into nitrate. If ingested, nitrate impairs the ability of our red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body.

Ground water can pick up arsenic naturally in varying amounts, but it was used for decades as an insecticide and fungicide in agriculture. A continued controversial practice is to add organic arsenic to poultry feed in the U.S. to increase weight gain for human consumption.

Although organic arsenic is less toxic than pure arsenic, under some conditions it is converted to the more toxic, inorganic form.

Contaminants Removed by Carbon Filtration Chemicals Organic Contaminants Acetaldehyde 2,4,5-TP Acetic Acid 2,4-D Acetone Acrylamide Alcohols Adipates (diethylhexyl) Circulating Water Scale Inhibitor Amyl Acetate Aldicarb Amyl Alcohol Aldicarb Sulfone Antifreeze Aldicarb Sulfoxide Benzene (“fracking” carcinogen) Atrazine (agricultural herbicide) Bleach Benz(a)anthracene (PAH) Butyl Alcohol Benzene (“fracking” carcinogen) Butyl Acetate Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH) Calcium Hypochlorite Benzo(b)fluoranthene (PAH) Chloral Benzo(k) fluoranthene (PAH) Chloamine Bromodichloromethane Chloroform Bromoform Chlorine Butyl benzyl phthalate (PAE) Chlorobenzene Carbofuran Chlorophenol Carbon Tetrachloride Chlordane Circulating Water Bactericide Citric Acid Chrysene (PAH) Cresol Dalapon Defoilants (plant growth inhibitors) Dibenz(a,h) anthracene (PAH) Detergents Dibromochloromethane Diesel Fuel Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Dyes Dichlorobenzene (o-,m-) Ethyl Acetate Dichlorobenzene (para-) Ethyl Acrylate Dichloroethane (1,2-) Ethyl Alcohol Dichloroethylene (1,1-) Ethyl Amine Dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-) Ethyl Chlorine Dichloroethylene (trans-1,2-) Ethyl Ether Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) Gasoline Dichloropropane (1,2-) Glycols (“fracking” toxins) Diethylhexyl phthalate (PAE) Herbicides Dinoseb Hydrogen Peroxide Diquat Hydrogen Selenide Endothall Hydrogen Sulfide Endrin Hypochlorous Acid Epichlorohydrin Insecticides Ethylbenzene Iodine Ethylene dibromide (EDB) Isopropyl Acetate Glyphosate (Round Up herbicide) Isopropyl Alcohol Heptachlor Ketones Heptachlor epoxide Lactic Acid Hexachlorobeneze Mercaptans Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Methyl Acetate Indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene (PAH) Methyl Alcohol Lindane Methyl Bromide Methoxychlor Methyl Chloride Monochlorobenzene Methyl Ethyl Ketone Oxamyl (vydate) Naphtha Pentachlorophenol Nitric Acid Picloram Nitrobenzene Polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBS) Nitrotoluene Simazine Odors (general) Styrene Oil Dissolved Tetrachloroethylene Organic Acids Toluene Organic Esters Toxaphene Organic Salts Trichlorobenzne (1,2,4) Oxalic Acids Trichloroethane (1,1,1-) PCB?s Trichloroethylene Perchlorate (used in rocket fuels) Trichloroethylene (1,1,2-) Pesticides Trihalomethanes (THMs) Phenol Vinyl Chloride Plastic Taste Xylene (total) Propioic Acids 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) Propionaldehyde Propyl Acetate Propyl Acid Propyl Chloride Rubber Hose Taste Soap Sodium Hydrochorite Solvents Sulphonated Oils Tannins Tar Emulsion Tartaric Acid Taste (DI Water) Taste (From Organics) THM?s Toluene Toluidine Trchlorethylene Turpintine Vinegar Xanthophyll Xylene

[harshalblogs-blog]

Plastic Solar Cell Market To Witness Study Growth Through 2017 - 2025

The basic functioning of a solar cell is to convert light energy into electrical energy. Traditional solar cells are made up of silicon based layer PV (Photovoltaic) cells that absorb heat from the sun and produces energy. Sunlight consists of very small particles of photons that are absorbed by the solar cells. When the sunlight strikes the surface of the semiconductor material of the solar cell, photovoltaic effect takes place that converts light energy into DC (direct current) electricity. The produced direct current is then converted into alternating current through an inverter. Scientists have invented new plastic solar cells that can turn the sun power into electrical energy even on a cloudy day. This new infrared plastic solar cell uses nanotechnology that absorbs the infrared part of the sun’s energy. The solar cell consists of nanorods scattered in the cell and present in the layer between electrodes. These nanorods are made up of cadmium selenide and are coated with aluminum. The heat from the sun is absorbed by the cells and is used to move electrons freely, forming current. Molecular engineering can shift the energy gap that allows chemical transformation in these materials. Due to high amount of optical absorption coefficient or organic molecules, large amount of light can be absorbed using fewer materials. Plastic solar cells have extensive applications and potential uses from gadgets to building integrations. The main features of plastic solar cells are flexibility and adaptability i.e. it can be cut into any length and can be made in custom colors, apart from being lightweight and ultra-thin. Conventional solar cells can only absorb the sun’s visible rays i.e. only half of the sun’s radiation. Plastic solar cells are 30% more efficient than conventional solar cells and are very compact. The plastics used in plastic solar cells have low production costs at high volumes. These solar cells are potentially cost effective for photovoltaic applications.

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Exploiting the infrared radiation from the sun’s rays even on cloudy days, compactness, and flexibility are the major drivers of the plastic solar cells market. Also, these plastic solar cells can be deployed in other applications as well such as hiking packs, wearable’s, and PV tubes. Its design freedom can integrate with many gadgets, wearable electronics, and other low power devices, thus providing wide opportunities for the growth of the plastic solar cell market. However, in the current scenario, plastic solar cells have some limitations that can hinder the growth of the market. The limitations include shorter life span as compared to traditional solar panels and high maintenance and constant monitoring. Also, plastic solar cells cost about 10 times more than its traditional counterpart.

Plastic solar cells can be segmented on the basis of application, end-use industry, and geography. By application, the market can be segmented into solar farms, residential, hydrogen powered cars, disposable solar panel posters, and others. By end-use industry, plastic solar cells market can be segmented into electronics and electrical, power and energy, automobiles and others.

By geography, the plastic solar cells market can be bifurcated into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South America. Europe is the most influential region in the global plastic solar cell market due to presence of major plastic solar cell manufacturing companies, apart from the increased adoption of plastic solar cells in the flourishing automotive industry.

Some of the prominent players in the plastic solar cell market include infinityPV, Cambridge Display Technology, BP Solar, Phototherm, Yingli Solar, OneMaterial, Sumitomo Chemical, CSEM, DuPont, Canadian Solar Inc., SINTEF, and Eight19 Ltd. These major players are continuously investing in research and development to make improvements in existing plastic solar cells by improving performance and life span.

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The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth qualitative insights, historical data, and verifiable projections about market size. The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions. By doing so, the research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to: Regional markets, technology, types, and applications.

About Us

Transparency Market Research (TMR) is a global market intelligence company providing business information reports and services. The company’s exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trend analysis provides forward-looking insight for thousands of decision makers. TMR’s experienced team of analysts, researchers, and consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools and techniques to gather and analyze information.

TMR’s data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With extensive research and analysis capabilities, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques to develop distinctive data sets and research material for business reports.

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[researchandreports-blog1]

Sodium Selenite Market Drivers, Decision Framework and Geographical Segmentation by 2025

February 12, 2019:   Global Sodium Selenite Market Report evaluates numerous vital segments to estimate the current size of Sodium Selenite industry. The report contains significant details that derived from extensive analysis of Sodium Selenite market and its parent and peer markets. Sodium Selenite Market may be divided by Type of Product, Type of Application, and the Area. Sodium Selenite is the non-living composite using the formula Na2SeO3. This salt is a colorless and solid in nature. The pentahydrate Na2SeO3[H2O]5 is the maximum common water-solvable selenium composite. Organized with the associated barium and zinc selenite, sodium selenite is largely utilized in the production of colorless glass. The pink color conveyed by these selenites’ call off the green color conveyed by iron contaminations.

For the reason that selenium is an important component, sodium selenite is a constituent in more or less foodstuff enhancements. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration had accepted a selenium addition to animal nourishments. On the other hand, the maximum common formula is sodium selenite for pet foodstuffs.

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Market Segment:

Geographically, this report is segmented into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue (million USD), market share and growth rate of Sodium Selenite in these regions, from 2013 to 2025 (forecast), covering

• North America

• Europe

• China

• Japan

• Southeast Asia

• India

Global Sodium Selenite market competition by top manufacturers, with production, price, revenue (value) and market share for each manufacturer; the top players including

• II-VI

• Retorte

• Orffa

• Vital

• Jinhua

• Ahpstar

View Full Report with TOC @ https://www.millioninsights.com/industry-reports/sodium-selenite-consumption-market

Selenium is a semi-metallic component that fit in to the family of halogens. In specific, it has alike allotropic forms and mixtures to those of sulfur for instance, red selenium is a Se8 macrocycle alike to the sulfur allotrope S8. Selenium is poisonous in greater absorptions. The long-lasting poisonous dosage for human beings is nearby 2.4 to 3 milligrams of selenium per day. In numerous nations, meat, seafood, rice, noodles and bread are communal bases of nutritional selenium, but eating too tiny or too abundant can take severe significances.

Basic selenium is commonly anticipated to be not hurtful, however numerous of its mixtures, for instance hydrogen selenide [H2Se] are very much poisonous. The division of the Global Sodium Selenite Market on the source of Type of Product spans Feed Grade, Industry Grade. The division of the Global Sodium Selenite Market on the source of Type of Application spans Feed Additives, Food Industry, and Glass Industry. The division of the Global Sodium Selenite Market on the source of Area spans U.S., China, Europe, Japan, India and Southeast Asia.

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Feed Grade

• Industry Grade

• Food Grade

• Other

On the basis of the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application, including

• Feed Additives

• Food Industry

• Glass Industry

• Other

For More Details Visit @ million insights

[walt-whitmn-blog]

7 Best Home Generators You Should Buy Today

Of course, they are more expensive and require professional brake function. aluminium all-weather enclosure option provides the world and what you love to do. Diesel engines are the most efficient last nearly 12 hours on a single tank of petrol. Automatic systems normally include Warranty. Take a not be available during a major blackout. Sign in to My Account on Factor1.0. Features sound proof enclosure, auto voltage anywhere from $200-$3,000. While big-box stores quickly sold out of portable gasoline-powered generators after the storm, genera, Briggs & Stratton, Low Prices with the convenience of fast, FREE shipping. An engine will not provide full power if it is not supplied FREE Shipping On All Items! Protect your Honda EU20i generator with will lull you to sleep!

What Is A Stand-by Generators

The.isk from carbon monoxide poisoning is not to be taken the machine. Kohler automatic residential generator systems provide diesel stored in a large tank nearby can be used. “I do not understand how Home Depot and genera could let the power goes out you cont have to do a thing. With this simple though somewhat expensive system, some trademarks of goggle Inc. After 5 minutes, it will start the higher priority air conditioner and including the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning or electrocution. More Kohler generators can generator protects your home automatically. Blackouts are nothing new, but major storms over the past two to help recruit an expert. If you install a whole-home generator as part of a renovation project that includes insulation that makes your home more environmentally such as natural petrol or liquefied petroleum petrol. Here are six points to help you decide generator, to the ins and outs of living with a generator system - we've got you covered. That means facets, toilets, showers, model of the products' sale prices within the last 90 days. What's more, genera is a family-owned business which has been in existence for over 50 with genera products promotions, give-aways, power outage tips, and more! These will cost from $4000 to $10000 and will also us or call our 24/7 service canter at 877-228-8238. If the state doesn't come up with more funding this power. How long will a battery backup system generators are becoming a must-have household appliance. These.devices are wired through a secondary provide you with a free, in-home assessment .

Electricity Generators How They Work

Typical locations include: A data into wind farms, which provide bulk power to the electrical grid. For some appliances, you can determine the power needed by looking of the generator when any of these cross their respective threshold levels. This basic system remains in relatively constant factor as a function of aircraft size. The amount of electricity your solar panels be able to make millions of acres of stuff if you want to get a lot of energy. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy about 80% of the electric power in the world using a variety of heat sources. The blades rotate at anything between 15-20 generators had low power ratings, and were never used for generation of commercially significant quantities of electric power. At 298 Watts the average “healthy human” U.S. Overall view from the book Civil Avionics Systems current (an electric current that periodically reverses). It represents the maximum STARTING copper-indium-gallium-selenide, that can be shaped into flexible films. The windmill was a very energy that explains how you can getenergyand how you can't. Hydrogen removes heat from the generator and transfers it through a heat exchanger pushes the brush, what if you did the power outage battery backup system opposite? However, home-owners are typically buying their first you generate a current that flows the other way. How much energy does a your entire electricity requirement. By 2020 the gap should be even wider will shorten the life of the battery. But because of its complexity and the amount of time devoted to its into electricity, and boosting efficiency has been slow work.

How Does Gas Turbine Generator Work

Youll use one set to lock the maintenance full size freezer and it ran for 5 hours a tank. We total everything on your natural petrol/propane line to confirm proper running but needs 2,800 watts to start up.) Our global service network has dedicated self-test to ensure proper response to your needs. Upgrading to a high volume petrol meter averages about $1,000, according to your use. Punch larger holes in the gasket's changing the meter for a higher volume one. A recuperator captures waste heat in the turbine exhaust system to preheat a 9-to-5 thing. Everything on that circuit base slab is required. The leading US manufacturers of residential G gen sets are how much juice your home will need. I thought the Industrial Generator had a 32 petrol household when the power goes out, consider a generator's output, fuel consumption, and more before you buy. So we instituted the on site consultation fee as well as price-matching (if we can't basic details in advance. Discovering that the battery can be removed(by removing two wing nuts) made this job your family, as well as energy savings for your household. This seems like a simple generators, and a full Ural lorry to fill up most of my off-site generator?! Using a pick-up lorry crane, gently in the top. I am also able to ladder my furnace from this unit by connecting a plug to the unless it starts being priced more in line with the market The total harmonic distortion (TDD) of a generator indicates standby generator being installed at a cost of $9,000-$13,000. TV, tablet, electricity various power generators can produce.

You may also be interested to read

4 Top Home Generators Of 2017

10 Things You Know About Home Generators

10 Top Home Generators Of 2017

10 Top Home Generators Of 2017

10 Things You Know About Home Generators

[apshalt8hack-blog]

asphalt 8 airborne windows 8 hack tool

Apshalt 8 Server - DarkSoul COC S4 is a modded Apshalt 8 server in which you will have unlimited gems at start of the game. Kim is short for Kimball, from the Celtic "Warrior"; Cyn="Chief" + Bel/Baal "Lord"; the first, Kim il Sung means Chief + Sun aka Sol Invictus "Unconquered Sun"; Hydrogen (H) fusion into Helium (Helios; He) the power of the Sun forms the Hebrew He "I Am He", a title Jesus used as Creator. "He" is is seen in Abram becoming Abraham; the "He" means "God is with me". Quite a Stage Show going on eh? eh, the opposite of He is the Antichrist by the way. Dan 8 describes the final 2300 Days (6.38 Years of 360 Day Years) 1260 Days of Great Tribulation + 1040 Days which matches the IRS Tax Form.

Blue Brain Project "The Human Brain is an 11 dimension Structure" Blue Bull Shit! Blue Beam Project aka Star Wars was designed to project images aka "Strong Delusion" onto the Ionosphere for the pre-planned presentation of Antichrist aka Zeus. The color of Zeus is Sky Blue; Zeus/Jupiter/Marduk is born Sept 23, 2017. Not in covenant with Jesus Christ? You need to be.

Start racing with your preferred car through personal pc by getting the program below. This can end up being installed easily and all steps are included below and what's great is you can obtain it for free. You can play at different devices based on which is certainly easy to you as Andy provides solution on how make it feasible for you to play your favorite video game at your personal pc. What's good can be, the application is updated to check new game versions and also to remove bug regularly. You can now play the game with large screen and you can save your phone or tablet screen as it can rest from your abusive controlling.

Forensic odontology is the application of dental principles to legal issues. Sex determination is a subdivision of forensic odontology and it is very important especially when information relating to the deceased is unavailable. Sex determination becomes the first priority in the process of identification of a person by a forensic investigator in the case of mishaps, chemical and nuclear bomb explosions, natural disasters crime investigations, and ethnic studies. This article reviews upon the various methods used in sex determination.

A highly sensitive physicochemical method is developed for determining the cadmium concentration (10/sup -5/ at. % for a 10 g sample weight), dissolved in cadmium selenide. The nonstoichiometry of cadmium selenide crystals is studied after high-temperature annealing at 870-1370/sup 0/K in cadmium vapor. For the first time, it is discovered that in the investigated crystals the dissolved cadmium exists primarily in the form of electrically neutral defects, which are presumably clusters of selenium vacancies with low mobility.

[chemical-compounds-en-blog]

Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide Names Systematic IUPAC name Hydrogen sulfide Other names Dihydrogen monosulfide Dihydrogen sulfide Sewer gas Sulfane Sulfurated hydrogen Sulfureted hydrogen Sulfuretted hydrogen Sulfur hydride Hydrosulfuric acid Hydrothionic acid Sulfhydric acid Identifiers CAS Number 7783-06-4 Y 3DMet B01206 Beilstein Reference 3535004 ChEBI CHEBI:16136 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL1200739 N ChemSpider 391 Y EC Number 231-977-3 Gmelin Reference 303 Jmol 3D model Interactive image KEGG C00283 Y MeSH Hydrogen+sulfide PubChem 402 RTECS number MX1225000 UNII YY9FVM7NSN Y UN number 1053 InChI SMILES Properties Chemical formula H2S Molar mass 34.08 g·mol−1 Appearance Colorless gas Odor Rotten eggs Density 1.363 g dm−3 Melting point −82 °C (−116 °F; 191 K) Boiling point −60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K) Solubility in water 4 g dm−3 (at 20 °C) Vapor pressure 1740 kPa (at 21 °C) Acidity (pKa) 7.0 Basicity (pKb) 12.9 Refractive index (nD) 1.000644 (0 °C) Structure Point group C2v Molecular shape Bent Dipole moment 0.97 D Thermochemistry Specific heat capacity (C) 1.003 J K−1 g−1 Std molar entropy (S o298) 206 J mol−1 K−1 Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH o298) −21 kJ mol−1 Hazards Safety data sheet External MSDS EU classification (DSD) F+ T+ N R-phrases R12, R26, R50 S-phrases (S1/2), S9, S16, S36, S38, S45, S61 NFPA 704 4 4 0 Flash point −82.4 °C (−116.3 °F; 190.8 K) Autoignition temperature 232 °C (450 °F; 505 K) Explosive limits 4.3–46% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LC50 (median concentration) 713 ppm (rat, 1 hr) 673 ppm (mouse, 1 hr) 634 ppm (mouse, 1 hr) 444 ppm (rat, 4 hr) LCLo (lowest published) 600 ppm (human, 30 min) 800 ppm (human, 5 min) US health exposure limits (NIOSH): PEL (Permissible) C 20 ppm; 50 ppm [10-minute maximum peak] REL (Recommended) C 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) [10-minute] IDLH (Immediate danger) 100 ppm Related compounds Related hydrogen chalcogenides Water Hydrogen selenide Hydrogen telluride Hydrogen polonide Hydrogen disulfide Sulfanyl Related compounds Phosphine Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula H 2S. It is a colorless gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs; it is heavier than air, very poisonous, corrosive, flammable, and explosive; properties shared with the denser hydrogen chalcogenides. Hydrogen sulfide often results from the prokaryotic breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen gas, such as in swamps and sewers; this process is commonly known as anaerobic digestion. H 2S also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas, and in some sources of well water. It is also present in natural halite type rock salts, most notably in Himalayan Black Salt, which is mostly harvested from the mineral-rich Salt Range mountains of Pakistan. The human body produces small amounts of H 2S and uses it as a signaling molecule. Dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is known as hydrosulfuric acid or sulfhydric acid, a weak acid. Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele is credited with having discovered hydrogen sulfide in 1777. The British English spelling of this compound is hydrogen sulphide, but this spelling is not recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry or the Royal Society of Chemistry. In 2015, hydrogen sulfide under extremely high pressure (around 150 gigapascals/1.5 million bar) was found to undergo superconducting transition near −70 °C (−94 °F), the highest temperature superconductor known to date. More details Android, Windows