#how To Perform Penetration Test on Bitumen | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

mysoulisrainbow-blog · 7 years ago

Text

Maintenance and cleaning of carpets and rugs

A general, the first thing to be considered is that it is quite normal that a carpet either wool or synthetic fibers, lint the first days of use. It is advisable in these cases is to remove daily for 7-15 days for synthetic fibers, and 3-4 weeks for wool (depends on the model, maybe a little more), soft broom and sweeping towards the direction hair.

Now if a carpet stain is important to follow the following steps, in general:

1st Clean the stain immediately. Avoid dry as much as possible. 2nd Make a color test in a corner or in a less visible area of the carpet cleaning product to be used. If it is solid, apply the product in the pressing stain with an absorbent cloth and without rubbing. 3rd Apply after pressing warm water with the sponge without rubbing. 4th Important: after performing cleaning, carpet dries thoroughly with an absorbent cloth or mild temperature dryer. 5th Gently brush the area that was stained to return to lift the carpet pile.

No attempt solvent carpets back of latex or rubber sheet, unless they are very small and surface stains. It is important that the liquid never penetrates to the base or structure of the carpet.

If after following the steps mentioned above, the stain has not been cleaned, it may be a more concrete stain, as the case of wine we were talking about at first. Stains of coffee, chocolate, milk or nail polish, among others, are more difficult to remove ... but not impossible.

If you reached this article because it seeks how to remove some of these spots, keep reading:

Carpet Cleaning Tips for Wool

If the stain is oil, fat, butter, wax, cosmetic cream, bitumen, tar or ink pen use dry cleaning solvent (alcohol, benzene, gasoline, perchloroethylene, etc ...). Applying with a cloth and gently brushing later. From the outside of the stain inward.

For stains such as coffee, tea, milk, cocoa, chocolate, ice cream, egg, blood, sauces and vomiting first use water with detergent and vinegar and then dry cleaning solvent. Applying with a cloth and gently brushing later. From the outside of the stain inward.

If the stain is fresh, fruit, juice, soda, beer, wine or liquor, you can remove it with soapy water and vinegar. Applying with a cloth and gently brushing later. From the outside of the stain inward.

For gum stains, red lipsticks, crayons, paints, washable ink, urine or feces should proceed as follows:

1 Use dry cleaning solvent. 2nd Then use water with detergent and vinegar - moistened wipes. Take 3rd solvent again.

When the stain is due to some nail polish, you must use acetone.

While if the stain is mud, once dried and scraped, must operate with ammonia water.

Remember to always use wet cloths. It is important not to soak the base or structure of the carpet.

Check out Carpet Cleaning Brooklyn for more information.

3 notes · View notes

louisigix889-blog · 5 years ago

Text

Just how to Shingle an Exterior Storage Space Shed Roof

Tiki Thatch Installment for Flat Roofs or Walls

Does roll roofing need underlayment?

Rolled roofing material is often used on roofs that are low-sloped. If your roof pitch declines up to 1 inch vertically for every 12 inches horizontally (1:12 pitch), it is a good candidate for rolled roofing as long as you use the concealed nail method of fastening.

Treatment the ends of the ice-and-water obstacle or felt paper with drip edge guarantees that windblown rain that gets under the tiles will run over the underlayment, out the sheathing. The drip side additionally aids hold back the felt paper to keep it from blowing off before you set up the shingles. The complete cost of rolled roof covering installation (products as well as labor) might be $1.50 to $3.00 per square foot (or $1,500 to $3,000). The actual roll roof expense might differ based on your area, the materials selected, the complexity of the installation, as well as other variables.

Saturated rolled roofing is made with roofing system felt after that saturated utilizing asphalt. This certain kind of roof covering material can also be made use of as base layers for various other types of rolled roof covering. Rubber roofing product is the most common and extensively utilized among all rolled roof products.

TPO is light-weight and also extremely durable also in all kinds of weather condition scenarios. Reduced Slope Roof such as Liberty must only be set up on roofing inclines of 2 in 12" or greater. Never mount it on roof coverings with ponding water. It currently has an asphalt roof that has 1.5 â€³ of foam insulation in addition to the outdoor decking and then the bitumen roof covering (36 â€³ broad) was rolled out over the leading with the joints overlapped and also bonded. When compared to tiles, rolled roof is far cheaper and a lot http://andresmyjl897.lucialpiazzale.com/can-you-put-a-steel-roofing-over-a-roof-shingles-roofing-system easier to apply. You do not require to obtain a specialist in to apply rolled roof to your residence or shed, you can do it yourself. If you obtain the right materials as well as adhere to the procedure, you can have rolled roof covering used in a few hrs. TPO is a material that is simple and also adaptable to mount.

Call The Very Best Roofing Contractors in Florida

You'll, of course, likewise have to consider your spending plan.

Given that big establishments and destinations rely upon this product states a great deal about its durability, integrity, and top quality.

It is crucial to not just choose a roof product based on its affordable alone, but to understand if the roofing material will provide energy performance and if it will pass the test of time, also when handling the weather.

TPO is lightweight and very durable even in all sorts of weather condition situations.

Just adjust the above dimensions up 3 inches (7.2 cm) for the chalk line.

Prepare a valley between signed up with roofings by reducing a strip that is 18 inches large and also covers the whole length of the valley. Nail it in position with roof nails that permeate at least 3/4 inch into the roof deck. Drive the nails about 1 inch from the sides of the strip as well as room them by 6 inches. Cut a 2nd strip that is 36 inches large and also accomplish over the initial one.

Mount Drip Back Drip Trim

The objective of using eaves flashing is moisture protection against roof covering penetration, around eaves and any kind of locations that go through ice dams or merging. Saturated really felt is another type of rolled roof covering which in fact utilized as an underlying product to sustain other items as opposed to a finishing material.

Component 2 Installing the Rolled Roof

The rolls are economical and easy to install. However, asphalt roof shingles provide 3 to 4 times the lifespan and also even more design options contrasted to rolled roof, making them the preferred choice for roofing your major house. Regardless of structure, all rolling roofing system materials been available in 100-foot-long rolls that measure from 6-feet to 20-feet broad.

Mount Roof Covering Shingles Expense

youtube

TPO Membrane roofing system overs are energy reliable in all weather condition as well as when it comes to cost, TPO triumphes. It is reduced in expense to install, cheap to repair, and lasting. In addition, the material works well in cold and hot settings in addition to in all sorts of climate.

0 notes

janetedgonzalez · 7 years ago

Text

Designing Flat Roofs – an interview with Stephen Cleminson in Architecture Today

Flat roofs have long held a place in architects’ hearts for reasons of aesthetics, cost and functionality.

While their conceptual and visual simplicity is undoubtedly part of the appeal, specifiers should be under no illusion as to the detailing rigour that is required to achieve a solution that is fit for purpose and provides long-term protection from the elements. Adding to the complexity of the design process is the number of different flat roofing materials and systems available – each with its own individual characteristics and technical requirements. So how should architects approach this critical aspect of building design? Architecture Today asked SIG Design & Technology’s technical manager Stephen Cleminson.

What are the most important things to consider when designing flat roofs?

SIGnature bituminous membrane roof at Layfield Primary School in Stockton-on-Tees

SC: “It varies dramatically really, as a flat roof is not one specific thing – there are many different types, e.g warm, cold, inverted and each with many different layers in their build up to get right. What is key, is to look at the design holistically – how does the roof interface with other elements? Does it have plant equipment on it? Where are the outlets? How will rain water be directed to these locations? How will it be maintained in the future? And so on.

“Ideally, architects should engage with a roofing expert at the earliest possible stage to discuss all aspects of the specification for a flat roof and how it interacts with other elements of the building. Changing the specification of a single element can avoid common problems associated material clashes, interface incompatibilities, interstitial condensation, insufficient U-values, and practical buildability.

“In practical terms, it’s best to design from the top down, with careful consideration given to parapet and upstand heights at the outset. This will help to avoid problems relating to issues such as low door thresholds and lack of adequate falls for drainage later on. Whether it be for reasons of cost, time or complexity, many specifiers aim only to meet the minimum standard of 1 in 80 achieved falls for a flat roof, leaving little room for error when it comes to building tolerances and mid-span roof deflection. This can result in non-compliance and problems at a later date.

“Similarly, upstand heights should go beyond the minimum standard, allowing future refurbishment or extension work to accommodate predicted increases in insulation depth without compromising critical junctions around rooflights and other openings.”

IKO Armourplan P single-ply membrane roof at Arnold Hill Academy in Nottingham by IID Architects

What common mistakes do specifiers make when designing flat roofs?

SC: “Undoubtedly it’s the failure to always take a holistic view. Architects should pay particular attention to project sequencing and preceding trades. For example, the dressing of roofs around openings and reveals needs to be completed before doorways, rooflights and clerestorey windows are installed. Achieving adequate long-lasting weather protection around these critical junctions can be nigh-on impossible if these elements are already in place.

“Procedures such as fitting balustrades and mansafe systems also need to be properly co-ordinated to avoid damaging the roof covering. Many manufacturers have conducted mansafe testing, so are well placed to advise on correct detailing and site co-ordination for different systems.

“Another important consideration is whether the roof will be used for material storage or as a loading deck during construction. For a warm roof on a concrete deck, it may be worth upgrading the vapour control layer to a robust bitumen-based product, and delaying installation of the insulation and waterproof membrane. When the roof deck has served its purpose as a loading or storage platform, any necessary local repairs can be made to the VCL before the rest of the roof is installed.

Flat Roof Inspection and Material Storage

“This approach not only avoids the cost of temporary roof protection, but also ensures that the finished roof does not look secondhand or like a patchwork quilt! Obviously, it’s important to carefully control access once the roof is finished.”

What should architects pay special attention to during the installation phase?

SC: “Specifiers should insist on full QA and QC procedures to ensure the roof is properly constructed. Hold points are also important, as they give architects the opportunity to check key elements of the roof design as they are completed, such as VCL laps. This can include photographic evidence of correct procedures.

“SIG Design & Technology does not sell its products to installers who have not completed one of our product-specific, SPRA-approved (Single Ply Roofing Association) training courses. SIG field technicians then support these newly accredited installers by visiting site regularly. Ultimately, we want installers to use our products with a high degree of expertise and confidence.”

Installation of Hydrostop AH-25 liquid waterproofing

How should flat roofs be maintained to maximise their life expectancy?

SC: “Maintenance should always be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and the British Standards. Flat roofs should be inspected at least twice a year – more if they are located in areas with lots of trees. Among the biggest threats to the long-term performance of flat roofs can be leaves, saplings and other vegetation on poorly maintained installations.

“SIG D&T roofing warranties are issued with a maintenance plan, which must be adhered to as a means of validation. Regular scheduled inspections resulting in clearance of detritus and early detection of damage is essential to ensure flat roofs meet and surpass their guarantee period.”

What are the advantages and disadvantages of cold and warm roofs?

SC: “Cold roofs are currently less popular in the UK due to the need for increased depths to meet current U-values and the requirement for through-ventilation. For architects it’s more a question of whether to specify a warm or inverted roof. The latter places the waterproof layer at the base of the roof build-up where it is less susceptible to damage and UV-degradation. On the downside, the WPL can be difficult to access in the case of water ingress.

“More often than not, our recommendation for a concrete deck would be to use a hot-melt system. It’s fully adhered to the substrate so water can’t track through the roof layers in the case of damage or poorly designed or unplanned penetrations. This makes finding faults much easier. A single-ply membrane is often recommended for flat roofs that do not require multiple penetrations or a mass of plant and equipment, as it is simple, economical and quick to install.

IKO Armourplan P Single Ply Flat Roof

“One of the advantages of SIG Design & Technology is that it supplies a wide range of different flat roofing systems and can therefore recommend the best product for the application. When it comes to the advantages and disadvantages of different flat roofing systems, such as hot melt, cold-applied or membrane, we tend to take a scenario rather than product-based view. Specification will ultimately depend on answers to specific questions, such as how complex is the roof? Are there additional NHBC or FM requirements? What if any penetrations are required?”

What are the latest flat roofing products from SIG and what are their benefits?

SC: “Our most notable recent product is Hydrostop AH-25, a wet-on-wet, cold-applied liquid waterproofing system that is particularly suited to complex roofs and balconies, or where there are lots of plant and equipment. It is also suitable for refurbishment and repair applications, and can be installed on inverted or green roofs. A further benefit is that the system is virtually odourless and does not require heat, flames or hazardous chemicals on site, making it installer-friendly and non-disruptive to building occupants on refurbishment projects.

Hydrostop AH-25 liquid waterproofing at Riverwalk in London by Stanton Williams

Overall, the main recommendations I would make to architects are to seek early engagement with flat roofing experts, take a holistic approach, and go beyond the minimum standards where possible. In other words, design from the roof down!”

More Information on Designing Flat Roofs

If you’re interested in our procedure for designing flat roofs take a look at our useful downloadable flat roof design checklist for specifiers. We’ve also written a series of blog posts on how to use the checklist.

Find out more about our holistic approach to flat roof design.

This article originally appeared in Architecture Today.

from Roofing Repair Tips http://www.singleply.co.uk/designing-flat-roofs-interview/

0 notes

roofersnearme · 8 years ago

Text

Modern roofing at low pitches

Roofing at low pitches (counterbattens fixed to protect nail tape at the top of the rafters and nail tape over the rafters and other fixing points)

We all know that roofs are pitched to enable water to run off safely to the gutters without pooling and getting into the building structure. Even flat roofs have a pitch, albeit a slight one.

Hundreds, perhaps thousands of years of experience in building construction has taught us that a good range of roof pitches for roof tiles and slates is roughly anywhere between 30 to 50 degrees. During rainfall and even allowing for a combination of wind and rain, water is shed from one double lapped tile or slate course to the next one below, with sufficient side lap and pitch to prevent any sideways or upwards ‘creep’ of the water through capillary action from penetrating the roof covering. Single lapped tiles perform the same function by virtue of their lap over the course below and side laps which can be either simple overlaps (in the case of traditional pantiles) or more sophisticated interlocks with water bars and troughs.

Roof construction standards and practices in the UK are generally based around the design of roofs at the range of pitches above and make assumptions that the underlay is a component of an overall waterproofing and weathering system. Unlike standards in some other countries, there are no special measures or variations to sub-roof designs in British Standards that relate to roof pitch.

Although many new buildings – particularly homes – are constructed with steep pitch roofs to enable suitable living spaces within the roof, a trend has gained favour since the 1960s in the UK to construct buildings with lower roof pitches. There are advantages, of course, to having low roof pitches, such as reducing a building’s impact on the horizon, or to reduce construction costs or simply to enable the building of an extension to fit below the upstairs windows.

John Mercer

Low pitch risks To cater for our desire to build roofs at lower pitches, roof tile manufacturers have developed roof tiles and associated systems that are suitable for use at low pitches. However, there are risks attached to low-pitched roofs because everything is working close to its limits. For example, though the individual components have been thoroughly tested and perform fine at the given pitch, constructing the roof with the same accuracy, as that used under test conditions can be difficult. It only takes a small gap or two in the tiling where it passes over a flashing and the risk of water ingress is increased.

Many low pitch roofs that were constructed during the 1960s and 70s and that have performed perfectly adequately for many years are now starting to leak as the bituminous underlay begins to degrade. Bituminous underlay, commonly referred to as 1F felt, worked well as a secondary barrier against water ingress as it compressed and formed a perfect seal around the batten nail holes. Being relatively heavy it also formed a natural drape between rafters, directing any water within the batten cavity away from the rafters and nail holes and safely away to the gutters.

In recent years, though, there has been a rise in complaints of leaking roofs that can be associated with the use of air and vapour-permeable underlays (often generically referred to as breathable underlays), particularly on lower pitch roofs. It must be emphasised that there is nothing wrong with breathable underlays and, in fact, they bring many advantages to modern roofing that were not available with the traditional bituminous underlays.

The difference between bituminous underlays and breathable underlays is that the modern materials are much lighter and do not compress in the same way as the bituminous underlays did. Being lighter in weight, it is more difficult for the roofer to achieve a drape in non-bitumen underlay between rafters and there is less protection against water ingress through the batten nail holes. This means that, without sufficient drape, any water trapped behind the tile battens can find its way through the batten nail holes in the underlay.

Construction techniques The problem is not with the underlay, but with construction techniques that have not kept pace with the rise in the use of these products. In Europe, where the use of breathable underlays first emerged, their standards have roof constructions that are dependent on the roof pitch, whereas in the UK our standards do not differentiate between roof pitches that may be 15 degrees or 50 degrees.

A roof must be regarded as a system, rather than thinking of it as individual components. There will be occasions where rainwater finds its way through the tiling and onto the underlay. That is why the British Standard for slating and tiling, BS 5534, states that the underlay should prevent the ingress of water. The problem is that the standard does not give any guidance on how to achieve this with common roof construction techniques.

Roofing has developed significantly through progressive changes made to standards in the last few years, particularly in relation to tile fixing and the use of dry fix systems, so I am confident that practices will continue to improve. In the meantime, I thoroughly recommend that roofers obtain a copy of Wienerberger’s Low Pitch Installation Guide and follow its recommendations when installing low pitch roofs.

A copy, together with lots more useful information, can be downloaded here.

Look out for more articles on low-pitched roof construction in future columns.

The post Modern roofing at low pitches appeared first on Roofing Cladding & Insulation Magazine (RCI).

0 notes