#hornworks

[nightbringer24]

Looking for 28mm star forts is slightly annoying since it's all... they're not really the stone works. They're mainly earthworks stuff.

Which I kind of get as a terrain choice for models.

I do still want a full set of stone ravelins, hornworks and bastions though for an Empire board.

[lahilden]

Eilean Donan Castle

Eilean Donan Castle is located on an island in Loch Duich, Scotland. The first fortified, defensive structure was built in this area by King Alexander II or III in the early 13th century to protect against Viking invaders who controlled much of the area from 800-1266. Over the centuries, the castle was expanded and even decreased in size in the 14th century, but the original medieval castle was large and nearly covered the entire island with its towers and curtain wall. The 16th century saw the installation of hornwork added to the east wall as canons were introduced. Having played a role in the Jacobite risings of the 17th and 18th centuries, the castle was eventually taken by three armed frigates, and the barrels of gunpowder stored there were used to destroy the structure. Partially destroyed and abandoned for nearly 200 years, the island was purchased by Lt Colonel John MacRae-Gilstrap in 1911, and reconstruction of the castle began. The castle was completed in 1932, along with an arched bridge to the island. In 1955, it was opened to the public by MacRae-Gilstrap’s grandson. The castle has a holiday cottage for guests, a gift shop, a visitor center, and a café. Eilean Donan Castle serves as a museum, a venue, and a film location.

[bike42]

Thursday September 21, 2023

Yesterday after lunch, our leaders told us about the forecast for last night and today - rain and heavy wind. They gave us two options: skip the wet/windy hike and do a castle tour on the drive back to Inverness, or do a hike anyway. Jeff and I initially were the only ones to opt for the hike, but eventually all of the Wisconsin gang were in for the hike. After being out in the storm last night, our position weakened. I hate to change my plans because of the weather, but after 4 days of hiking in the rain already, we caved in (I was secretly hoping the leaders would have cancelled the hike for us so it wasn’t me wimping out).

We went down to breakfast and found the “Wisconsin Four” there, they’d already communicated to Jenn that they wanted to join “Team Castle” and I had the feeling that Jenn and Keith were glad when we opted out of the hike too.

Into the vans, we drove south - about an hour to castle Eilean Donan. I sat in the middle of the first seat and enjoyed the view of the drive, through little charming villages on Skye and then over the bridge (scary high on my scale, I hadn’t noticed on our drive over as the windows were so fogged)!

Back on the mainland, we soon arrived at the castle - and the scene was a little maddening to me with coaches and large crowds of tourists, I’d much rather be hiking through the highlands away from the crowds!

History on Eilean Donan Castle:

It’s an iconic image, situated on an island at a point where three sea lochs (Long, Duich and Alsh) meet. It was first inhabited in the 6th century, and the first fortified castle was built in the mid 13th century. Since then, at least 4 reiterations have been built and rebuilt as the feudal history of Scotland unfolded over the centuries. It was mostly destroyed in a Jacobite uprising in 1719, when the British gained access and used the stored gunpowder to blow it up. The castle laid in ruins until Lieutenant Colonel John MacRae-Gilstrap bought it in 1911 and restored it. The castle reopened in 1932, and is still in the MacRae family.

In the early 13th century, the castle was a defensive position during the time of feuding clan chiefs and Viking invasions. In this “Sea Kingdom,” the sea was the main highway and the power of the chief was determined by the number of men and ships (birlinns) at their disposal.

Over the centuries, the castle expanded and contracted in size. The medieval castle was probably the largest, encompassing most of the island. At the end of the 14th century, the castle was reduced to about a fifth of the size, probably to make it easier to defend. By the 16th century, hornwork was added to the east wall to offer a firing platform for newly introduced cannons.

We did the audio tour of the castle. While it was interesting, it was hampered by the crowds! Inside the castle, there were fantastic paintings and memorabilia - guns, swords, kilts, old correspondence, dishes and other household items. There was also a lock of hair from Bonnie Prince Charlie!

We had some time in the gift shop (of course) and we bought a small silver flask with a Hairy Cow etched on it … just in case we want to keep up the tradition of having whisky while we’re hiking!

Back in the vans, we traveled to the “Dundreggan Rewilding Center,” which was a new term to me. Rewilding is a progressive approach to conservation. It’s about letting nature take care of itself, enabling natural processes to shape land, repair damaged ecosystems and restore degraded landscapes. Through Rewilding, wildlife’s natural rhythms create wilder, more bio diverse habitats. We had a fantastic lunch there, then Jenn led us on a walk on one of their trails. Once again, she impressed us with her knowledge of plants and tress, and how we interface (and interfere) with nature!

The center is built in a beautiful 10,000 acre Highland glen, started with a project called “Trees For Life.” While the project is not without controversy, climate changes are helping the initiative gain momentum. The thought is that once the forests are restored, birds and animals will also return.

From the center, it was about an hour back to Inverness and our 10th hotel of this trip - The Ness Walk hotel. We had a couple hours of down time and met at 6:30pm for a final wine reception. We did a round robin of trip highlights - most said yesterday’s magical hike on the Quiraing, our awesome leaders, the Torridon hotel, and the people on this group! It is a rarity to not have ONE person that was even slightly annoying, and some deep connections have been forged - very different for a group, and certainly different than the lack of connective felt with most of our M&M tour! I think it’s mainly that like minded people sign up for a trip like this where you expect to be hiking in the rain?!

Our reception was followed by another great, but slow, meal. Jeff and I had one more Talisker 10 year Scotch, already missing Skye. Nearly 11pm when we crawled into bed.

[quanronggallery]

#hornworks #handcarving #handmade #homedesign #decoration #Chinaart #Chineseart #China #Chinese #Asianart #collection #auction #onlineauction #Chineseauction #artauction #statue #sculpture #horncarving #hornwork #quanronggallery https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/112490545_vintage-ox-horn-lotus-flower-and-mandarin-ducks-statue https://www.instagram.com/p/CVQrXxuvUHv/?utm_medium=tumblr

[ajantaarts]

All type of handicrafted gift items in different kind of material #handicraftsofindia #handwork #handcrafted #handicrafts #handicraftlover #indianhandicrafts #handicraftindia #woodwork #hornworks #resincraft #horncraft #woodcraft #bonecraft #boneworks #resinwork #motherofpearl #motherofpearlcraft #rattancraft #rattanwork #canecraft #canework (at Sarai Tarin, Uttar Pradesh, India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CclE9d1v__M/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[alan-ulv-andreson]

🌶️ This is my ultimate masterpiece drinkinghorn🌶️ 🔻🔻🔻🔻 . . 🌶️"I usually call it.. big hot chill monster pepper horn"🌶️ 🤣. . . . I try to put all my skills in this horn.. I did carving, drawing, pirography, bronze and leather works. I spend 3 month doing this.. All was made by hand. . . . #thnksforlike #like4likes #follow4like #bighorn #drinkinghorn #vikinghorn #monsterhorn #bigdribkinghorn #amazing #horncraft #vikingdesign #arteescandinavo #hardwork #handmadecrafts #arteencuerno #pyrographyart #carvedhorn #bronzecraft #leatherwork #hornwork #beerhorn #ásatrú #vikingcrafts #instadaily #heathencraft #pagansofinstagram #paganism #celts #norsecrafts #masterpiece . . @the_heathen_horde @midgardvikings (en Reconquista, Santa Fe) https://www.instagram.com/p/B3aP1s0H9Ti/?igshid=1cqif9cjnvgjw

[archive-archives]

DECEMBER 2020 RELEASES - Coming soon to Warner Archive!

TEX AVERY SCREWBALL CLASSICS - VOLUME 2 New 2020 1080p HD Masters from 4k Scans of Preservation Elements Run Time: 149:00 Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: DTS HD-Master Audio 2.0 - English Aspect Ratio:  4x3, 1.37:1 Full Frame Product Color: COLOR Disc Configuration: BD 50 Special Feature: Documentary "Tex Avery: King of Cartoons"

Welcome back for another three-ring circus of animated comedy from the legendary leader of cartoon fun – director Tex Avery. In the first ring, Avery serves up some of his finest one-shot creations: cartoons featuring cats who hate people, wacky cuckoo clocks, kooky cavemen and lovelorn French fleas. We also meet up again with Avery's attractive Red Riding Hood, a pair of amorous wolves and his durable all-around fall guy, Spike. The second ring is a showcase for Avery's ironically deadpan "Happy Hound": Droopy. This time, Droopy appears in a number of guises – each one funnier than the last. As bandleader "John Pettybone," he leads his jazz-playing fleas to the heights of canine stardom. Out West, as a homesteader and a sheepherder, he has his final showdowns with the Wolf. The third ring offers a whimsical glimpse into the future – or at least a future from the POV of the mid-20th century – with a plethora of zany postwar inventions. While none of the cartoons "of tomorrow" foresaw smartphones or Blu-ray players, these far-fetched contraptions, gadgets, houses and farms, televisions, and various modes of transportation could only come from the madcap mind of Avery and his MGM crew. Uncut, restored and remastered in High Definition for the first time, Tex Avery Screwball Classics Collection Volume 2 is another must-own collection from the master of hand-drawn mayhem.

This 21 cartoon collection includes:

1 LITTLE RURAL RIDING HOOD 2 THE CUCKOO CLOCK 3 MAGICAL MAESTRO 4 ONE CAB'S FAMILY 5 CAT THAT HATED PEOPLE 6 DOGGONE TIRED 7 THE FLEA CIRCUS 8 FIELD AND SCREAM 9 THE FIRST BAD MAN 10 OUT FOXED 11 DROOPY'S DOUBLE TROUBLE 12 THREE LITTLE PUPS 13 DRAGALONG DROOPY 14 HOMESTEADER DROOPY 15 DIXIELAND DROOPY 16 COUNTERFEIT CAT 17 VENTRILOQUIST CAT 18 HOUSE OF TOMORROW 19 CAR OF TOMORROW 20 TV OF TOMORROW 21 FARM OF TOMORROW

THE CURSE OF FRANKENSTEIN (1957) - 2 DISC SPECIAL EDITION New 2020 1080p HD Restoration Masters from 4K Scans of Preservation Separation Elements Run Time: 83:00 Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: DTS HD-Master Audio 2.0 - English Aspect Ratio: Disc One-1.85:1-16x9 Widescreen and 1.66:1-16x9 Widescreen Product Color: COLOR Disc Configuration: 2-BD 50 Special Features: New feature commentary by Screenwriter/Film Historian Steve Haberman and Filmmaker/Film Historian Constantine Nasr, Newly Remastered 1.37:1 Open Matte version of feature. New Featurettes include: The Resurrection Men: Hammer, Frankenstein and the Rebirth of the Horror Film, Hideous Progeny: The Curse of Frankenstein and the English Gothic Tradition, Torrents of Light: The Art of Jack Asher, Diabolus in Musica: James Bernard and the Sound of Hammer Horror, Original Theatrical Trailer (HD)

The first, and perhaps the best of the long-running series of horror films from the house of Hammer, Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee star in this landmark interpretation based on the famous Mary Shelley story. Baron Victor Frankenstein becomes friends with one of his teachers, Paul Krempe. At first, both men are fascinated by the potential of their re-animating experiments. Eventually, though, Krempe refuses to help with Frankenstein's human experiments. However, he is drawn back into the plot when Frankenstein's creature kills a member of the house staff. For its U.S. Blu-ray debut, Warner Archive is proud to present this deluxe 2 Disc Special Edition, featuring two theatrical aspect ratio presentations, meticulously remastered and restored from preservation separations, as well as bonus disc with the restoration presented in "open-matte" format, as was seen for years on television, plus four exciting new retrospective featurettes, an expert commentary, and the original theatrical trailer.

THE HARVEY GIRLS (1946) New 2020 1080p HD Restoration from 4K Scan of the Original Nitrate Technicolor Negatives Run Time: 102:00 Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: DTS HD-Master Audio 2.0 - English Aspect Ratio: 1.37:1 4x3 Full Frame Product Color: COLOR Disc Configuration: BD 50 Special Features: Feature-length audio commentary by Director George Sidney, Three Deleted Musical sequences: March of the Doagies, March of the Doagies (reprise), and My Intuition. Scoring stage sessions (audio only) featuring pre-recordings made for the film including the unused "Hayride".  "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe" Remixed in Stereo (HD), Original Theatrical Trailer (HD).

Judy Garland headlines The Harvey Girls, a joyous slice of Americana celebrating the "Harvey House" restaurants that brought extra helpings of civilization to the Old West. Famed M-G-M musical producer Arthur Freed brought together an impressive cast of talents for this box-office hit which features a delightful original score by composer Harry Warren and lyricist Johnny Mercer, who earned an Oscar for their On the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe as the Best Song of 1946. Garland once again shares the screen with her "Oz" co-star Ray Bolger, clowns with Virginia O'Brien, falls in love with leading man John Hodiak, and faces off against wicked saloon gal Angela Lansbury in one of the most entertaining and enduring musical classics to come from Metro's golden age, now fully restored to its original Technicolor luster for its Blu-ray debut.

HOLIDAY AFFAIR (1949) New 2020 1080p HD Master Run Time: 87:00 Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: DTS HD-Master Audio 2.0 - English Aspect Ratio: 1.37:1, 4x3 Full Frame Product Color: B&W Disc Configuration BD 25 Special Feature: Lux Radio Theater broadcast (12/18/50) with Robert Mitchum and Laraine Day, Original Theatrical Trailer

RKO's resident "bad boy" Robert Mitchum (Out of the Past) surprised audiences with his softer side in this classic Yule-themed romantic comedy. Mitchum portrays Steve Mason, a department-store clerk who loses his job, yet buys an electric train set for a child he scarcely knows. It must be Christmastime. Robert Mitchum and Janet Leigh are warmly matched in Holiday Affair, a seasonal favorite scripted by Isobel Lennart (later to adapt Mitchum's The Sundowners) and directed by Hope/Crosby "road movies" veteran Don Hartman.

MISTER ROBERTS (1955) New 2020 1080p HD Remaster from 4K Scan of Original Negative Run Time: 121:00 Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: DTS HD-Master Audio 5.1 – English Aspect Ratio: 2.55:1-16x9 LETTERBOX Product Color: COLOR Disc Configuration: BD 50 Special Features: Commentary by Jack Lemmon, Original Theatrical Trailer (HD)

The USS Reluctant carries cargo along World War II's forgotten Pacific seaways. Beyond the horizon, the real war passes its stir-crazy crew by. Mister Roberts, directed by John Ford and Mervyn LeRoy, is the classic story of men fighting to survive – not war's dangers, but its indignities. Henry Fonda's reprise of his Tony®-winning Broadway role returned him to movies after seven years away. Jack Lemmon won his first Academy Award® as hapless, lecherous Ensign Pulver. James Cagney's petty, scrappy Captain makes a fierce adversary. In his final film, William Powell makes world-weary Doc a sage for the ages. Mister Roberts has moments of unforgettable humor. But sadness tempers the comedy. No shot is fired. No blood is spilled. Yet Mister Roberts endures as one of our most truthful war sagas.

YOUNG MAN WITH A HORN (1950) New 2020 1080p HD Remaster from 4K Scan of Original Nitrate Elements Run Time: 112:00 Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: DTS HD-Master Audio 2.0 – English Aspect Ratio: 1.37:1 4x3 Full Frame Product Color: B&W Disc Configuration: BD 50 Special Features: Lux Radio Theater broadcast (3/3/52) with Kirk Douglas and Jo Stafford; Vintage WB Cartoons: HILLBLLY HARE (HD); HOMELESS HARE (HD) and HURDY GURDY HARE (HD); Original Theatrical Trailer (HD)

With a secondhand trumpet and the loving guidance of a brilliant bluesman, a lonely boy grows into manhood as a superb musician whose talent carries him from honky-tonks to posh supper clubs. But his desperate search for an elusive high note – trapped in his mind but impossible to play – starts him on a boozy downward slide. Charged with dynamic performances by Kirk Douglas (the title role), Doris Day, Lauren Bacall and Hoagy Carmichael, and pitch-perfect direction by Michael Curtiz (Casablanca), the film is a feast of hot, cool, moody jazz. Legendary Harry James dubbed Douglas' hornwork. Day brings another fine instrument – her voice – to four standards. Movie and music lovers will be glad to meet this Man.

THE SHOP AROUND THE CORNER (1940) New 2020 1080p HD Remaster Run Time: 99:00 Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: DTS HD-Master Audio 2.0 – English Aspect Ratio: 1.37:1. 4x3 Full Frame Product Color: B&W Disc Configuration: BD 50 Special Features: Vintage MGM promotional film: "The Miracle Of Sound"; Screen Guild Theater radio broadcast (9/29/40) with Margaret Sullavan, James Stewart and Frank Morgan; Lux Radio Theater broadcast (6/23/41) with Claudette Colbert and Don Ameche.

Ernst Lubitsch adds his unique style of directorial aplomb to this timeless love story that marked the third of Margaret Sullavan and James Stewart's four film appearances together. A 1936 play by Nikolaus Laszlo called "Perfumerie" was the basis for this timeless love story set in a Budapest shop. With a witty screenplay adaptation by Samson Raphaelson, Stewart and Sullavan play bickering gift-shop workers Alfred and Klara, unaware that they have fallen in love with each other as secret pen pals who only know their respective correspondents as "Dear Friend". The charm of the stars ably supported by a sterling supporting cast headed by Frank Morgan make this timeless classic one to enjoy over and over again. The story was later filmed as "In The Good Old Summertime" with Judy Garland and Van Johnson in 1949, and as "You've Got Mail" in 1998. It was also the basis of the 1963 Broadway musical favorite "She Loves Me". Beautifully remastered from protection film elements made right from the original nitrate negative, this new Blu-ray presentation of the original 1940 classic is a joy to behold

IT HAPPENED ON 5TH AVENUE (1947) New 2020 1080p HD Remaster from 4K Scan of Best Surviving Nitrate Elements Run Time: 115:00 Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: DTS HD-Master Audio 2.0 – English Aspect Ratio: 1.37:1. 4x3 Full Frame Product Color: B&W Disc Configuration: BD 50 Special Feature: Lux Radio Theater Broadcast (5/19/1947)

As he does every winter, hobo Aloysius T. McKeever (Victor Moore) moves in to a mansion on New York City's 5th Avenue while its owners are away for the winter and invites all his hobo friends in from the cold. But this Christmas, Mary O'Connor (Ann Harding) comes home unexpectedly after a quarrel with her boyfriend to find her house occupied by jovial street dwellers. To make matters even worse, her father (Charles Ruggles) disguises himself as a hobo to get an invitation to stay in his own home -- and keeps his identity secret in this perennial Christmas favorite about rediscovering family and the joy of being together. Don DeFore (Romance on the High Seas) and Gale Storm (My Little Margie) co-star as the young love interests in this first release from Allied Artists Productions.

THE 100: THE SEVENTH AND FINAL SEASON (2020) Run Time: 672 Minutes Subtitles: English SDH Audio Specs: TS HD-Master Audio 5.1 – English Aspect Ratio: 1.78:1. 16x9 Widescreen Product Color: COLOR Disc Configuration: 3 BD 50

The seventh and final season opens with our heroes picking up the pieces of the society they destroyed on Sanctum. Still reeling from her mother's death, Clarke (series star Eliza Taylor), perhaps more than anyone, feels the toll of years upon years of fighting and loss. The group soon finds that maintaining order among the competing factions is no easy feat, and one that has them questioning whether their commitment to doing better was worth the price. At the same time, our heroes must contend with new obstacles on a scale beyond any that they previously experienced as they unravel the mysteries of the Anomaly. What they encounter on this epic journey pushes them to their limits both physically and emotionally, challenging their long-held conceptions of family, love, and sacrifice. Ultimately, our heroes must answer for themselves what it means to truly live, and not just survive.

[greatmothsukk]

I made a cow horn holder for my amethyst crystal ball

[soullessandanonymous]

Whilst working on my fantasy series, I realized I know nothing about castles.  I’ve seen plenty of castles, but the actual vocabulary for the parts and structures of a castle—not so much.  I couldn’t find much on Tumblr itself for references, but maybe I didn’t look hard enough.  None the less, I decided to post whatever I research into a series.

Please feel free to let me know if anything should be added, what sort of castle research you're looking for, etc.

In this post—under the cut—I’m covering the main exterior structures of a castle, with some minor interior inclusions, such as a dungeon, etc. 

Allure/Wall-Walk

A walkway on a wall

Made it easy to move quickly between towers

High position let sentries watch for approaching enemies

Defenders could use as a platform to fight against enemies

Important security features in castles

Accessed via: ladders, wooden stairs, and other towers

Paved with stone slabs

Chemin-De-Ronde: wall-walk that spans around entire castle

Arcade

A covered passageway with arches along one or both sides

Blind Arcade: row of arches supported on columns, either free-standing or attached to a wall

Bailey/Ward

A courtyard enclosed by the outer wall of a castle

The area below the motte

Food and animals were stored here

There were inner and outer baileys

Used for exercise yards, parade grounds, and occasional corrals

Courtyards

Barbican

A walled passage projecting from the front of a gatehouse

A fortified outpost or gateway

Any tower situated over a gate or bridge, used for defense

Confined approaching enemy to a narrow front, leaving them open for easy attack

Protected castle entrance

Bartizan

An overhanging corner turret at the top of a tower

Supported by corbels

Crow’s Nest

Almost always located on the highest points of a castle

Allowed a warder to see all around

Bastion/Bulwark

A structure that projected outward from the curtain wall

Each corner of the curtain wall has a bastion

Long walls had a centered bastion, or multiple

Allowed defenders to cover dead ground (blind spots) and provide crossfire for the curtain wall and adjacent bastions

Battlement

A low, protective wall along a walk-wall or the roof of a tower with crenellations for shooting through

Often had openings called murder holes (machicolations) in floor to allow missiles or burning objects to be dropped on attackers

Berm/Berme

The level area between curtain wall and the moat/ditch

Intended to reduce soil erosion to keep wall from collapsing

Kept debris from wall from falling into or filling moat/ditch

Curtain Wall

An outer wall that surrounded the bailey and/or castle buildings

Walls were often connected by a series of towers to add strength and provide better defense for the castle grounds

Designed to protect castle

Arrow slits were often built into wall for defense

Average height was 30 ft

Varied in sized: 6-20 ft thick, ~30-45 ft tall, and ~1,500 ft long

Draw Bridge

A bridge built to span a moat/ditch that could be raised or lowered at will

A removable ladder in towers to reach second floor, and prevent intruders

Sometimes had a turning bridge that pivoted in the middle to prevent entrance

Drum Tower

A round tower built into a wall, usually connecting stretches of exterior curtain wall

Dungeon

Simply a single plain room with a heavy door, or whose only access was via a hatch/trapdoor in floor of room above it (oubliette)

Were under the keep, or gatehouse in later centuries

Fausse Braie

An exterior rampart, outside of and parallel to the main rampart, and considerable below its level

Forebuilding

A building attached to the keep guarding its entrance

Normally contained a staircase leading up to first floor of keep

Often held a small chapel

A keep’s equivalent to a castle’s barbican

Garden

Located in bailey near the kitchen

Has several sections: fruit trees/bushes, cooking herbs, medicinal herbs, vegetables, cooking flowers, and medicinal flowers

Often accessed through stairs from kitchen

Gatehouse

Main entrance/exit to castle

Once a simple doorway with a heavy door that could be barred shut

Now a portcullis (a heavy iron grate) that can be lower and raised

Had vaulted ceilings with murder holes 

Side walls had arrow slits

Usually located in curtain wall

Location where enemies often attempted to breach

Had twin towers on either side for protection

Could have up to 3 floors: 

Ground Floor: contained the guards room and sometimes a prison

First Floor: contained quarters for the guards and the castle constable as well as the mechanisms to control the portcullis

Second Floor: was a storage place for weapons

Defended by a barbican

Guardroom

A room used by on-duty guards

Likely stored weapons

Guards did not sleep here—they had barracks in the gatehouse, a tower, or under the keep

Hoarding/Brattice

A covered wooden balcony projecting from the top of a tower, a curtain wall, and used to defend castle

A temporary, shed-like wooden construction placed on exterior of ramparts during a siege

Had holes in floor to allow defenders to see enemies and attack them from above

Later replaced with murder holes

Hornwork

An indépendant earthwork located in front of and separately from the castle’s curtain wall, but within range to be defended

Front of hornwork had a curtain wall and two half-bastions, one on each endpoint

Sides are long and parallel to each other

Back was crescent shaped and faced castle’s curtain wall, built low so invaders couldn’t take shelter there

Forced invaders to begin siege farther away

Provided defenders with opportunity to destroy siege lines

Keep/Donjon

The largest and strongest tower in the castle

Great Tower

Was self-sufficient

Served as final refuge during a siege

Square or rectangular in shape, sometimes round

Walls could be ~17 ft thick

Windows were styled for archers, not viewing, such as arrow slits

Soldiers would keep watch from roof

Where lord and his family resided

Basement: held storerooms, barracked soldiers, and dungeons

Ground Floor: entrance to keep, held guardroom and kitchen, where servants/soldiers spent most of their time, or slept on the floor

First Floor: held the great hall, the lord conducted his business here, where banquets and court was held

Top Floor: held private chapel for lord and lady, where lord’s family slept, where lady of castle spent most of her time with her ladies-in-waiting doing various activities

Staircase: interior staircase would spiral all the way from the ground floor to the roof

Lunette

A fortification shaped like a half-moon or an arrowhead

Similar in appearance to a bastion, but did not have “wings” of castle wall connected to it

Either a separate structure, or connected to a curtain wall

Back was often open

Later became a redan

Moat/Ditch

A deep ditch cut into the bedrock or earth around the main part of the castle, usually filled with water 

Filled by nearby lakes, rivers, or springs; sometimes by changing the direction of flow to go into the ditch

Most had an inlet and an outlet, rather than being self-contained like a donut

A dam in the outlet would control water levels

Made of rocks, or earth

Invaders could not tunnel under moats because they would collapse under weight of water, could not swim across because it was too deep and made them targets for archers

Had sharp sticks—bungy sticks—placed in moat to prevent people and animals from coming across

Dry moats were still hard to cross because they were deep and had steep sides

Ranged from 3-30 ft deep, and ~12 ft across

Motte

An artificial earthwork mound on which a castle was built

To create: a wide, circular ditch was dug with earth and stone thrown up into the middle in successive, reinforced levels in order to create mound

Sometimes a natural hill or summit was used instead

Oubliette

A windowless chamber whose only entrance was through a trap door in the ceiling, which opened into guardroom above and was too high for prisoners to reach

Prisoners were lowered by rope into the oubliette, same for food

Was used rarely for prisoners, those placed here were intended to be forgotten

So tiny, moving around or turning at all was impossible

Shaped like a cylinder

Completely dark

Sometimes the oubliette was below ground level, thus water would seep through the ground and fill the space making survival impossible

Starvation hole

Parapet

A low protective wall along a wall-walk,  bridge, or roof

Does not have crenellations like a battlement

Portcullis

A wooden or iron grill that could be dropped to bar a gateway or raised to allow passage 

Moved strictly in a vertical direction

Occasionally used to trap attackers inside the barbican

Postern Gate

A secondary gate or door, often located at the rear of the castle in a back wall

Gate was often connected to a small guardroom, that then connected to the bailey

Located in concealed location, allowing occupants to come and go inconspicuously

In case of a siege, used as a secret exit for troops or send out a messenger, otherwise it was barred

Used by tradesmen and servants during peaceful times

Built for one person, unmounted to pass through

If possible, built on steep hill with access from a footpath required

Sometimes required a password to be let through

Rampart

A defensive wall with a broad top, a walkway, and a stone parapet

Raveline/Demilune

A triangular fortification or earthwork located in front of the curtain wall, with in range to be defended

Allowed defenders to attack enemy before they can reach the curtain wall

Forced attackers to start siege from further away, and allowed defenders to defeat siege line

Functioned the same as a hornwork

Redan

A small raveline

Often made of earthwork, but stone and other material could be used

Designed like a lunette, but shorter

Tower

A tall narrow building, either freestanding by itself or else connected to a larger building 

Unlike turrets, towers touched the ground

Provided access to wall-walks, lookout points and sleeping quarters for the garrison

Were square, d-shaped, or round

Turret

A small tower projecting out of a main tower, usually used as a lookout point

Did not touch ground

Allowed defenders to provide sheltering fire to the adjacent wall during an attack

 Roof was usually circular with various kinds of apex

May have a staircase if turret is taller than tower

Buildings often had both towers and turrets

Supported by a corbel, and limited in size

RESOURCES

Castles on the Web

My Literary Quest

Lady of Legend

Google Images

[my-name-is-dahlia]

Vocabulary (pt.mxxxiv)

Words taken from The Reluctant Highlander by Amanda Scott:

barratry (n.) fraud or gross negligence of a ship’s master or crew at the expense of its owners or users.

cresset (n.) historical. a metal container for oil, coal, etc., lighted and usually mounted on a pole for illumination.

doucely (adv.) in a douce manner. [x]

feardie (n.) Scottish. a coward, timorous person. [x] 

gelt (n.) North American. slang. money.

hornwork (n.) an element of the Italian bastion system of fortification. [x]

ruction (n.) informal. a disturbance or tumult.

rudesby (n.) archaic. an uncivil turbulent person. [x]

tocher (n.) chiefly Scotland. dowry. [x]

tawse (n.) British. a leather strap slit into strips at the end and used especially for disciplining children. [x]

[kappavision]

‘Parked’ in the middle of Floriana’s 17th century Crownwork fortifications is this very small chapel built with a classic architecture. Hardly ever used after its construction, it sits sandwiched between containers and a line of parked public transport buses. DID YOU KNOW? Don’t be fooled by its classic looks. Would you have ever thought that this pretty chapel owes its existence to a group of students practicing masonry construction? And even more surprising is that this chapel was built less than fifty years ago, in the 1970s. The student masons who built it attended the nearby Gilormu Cassar Trade School at Hornworks fortifications. This school, headed by Mr. Paul Cassar, shut down less than twenty years ago, right after the turn of the century. WHERE IS THE CHAPEL FOUND? The chapel is found at Crownwork fortifications, on the eastern part of the Floriana Lines. The Floriana Lines are a line of fortifications in Floriana which surround the fortifications of Valletta and form the capital city's outer defences. This part of the Floriana Lines is today a parking lot for public transport buses, just beside another parking lot - the Park & Ride parking ground. The area is accessed through an uphill ramp that leads to the Park & Ride, opposite to where the old Licensing Department used to be. THE FLORIANA LINES Construction of the Floriana Lines began in 1636. They got their name from the military engineer who designed them, Pietro Paolo Floriani. The Floriana Lines were modified throughout the course of the 17th and 18th centuries. They saw use during the French blockade of 1798–1800. The Floriana Lines are considered to be among the most complicated and elaborate of the Hospitaller fortifications of Malta. Today, the fortifications are still largely intact but rather dilapidated and in need of restoration. WHAT IS THE PARK & RIDE? Transport Malta’s Park & Ride facility offers a quick and easy low-cost solution to parking in Valletta and Floriana, with over 750 spaces and a regular, high-frequency shuttle service. (at Floriana, Malta) https://www.instagram.com/p/CV9jnCuoUBN/?utm_medium=tumblr

[dingodad]

jadebloods do pretty well passing in the off-world as olives and teals, not least of all bc the hornwork is some of the easiest you can get done: your average jade’s horns can be made to look reasonably olive or teal just by filing off the hooks.

[hashtagcwinstagram]

#Repost @historyisfunorg ・・・ "Horn was the plastic of the 18th century" is a common statement made at museums and historic sites. Made of keratin- a protein that is the major component of our own hair, nails, and skin - horn is thermoplastic. Once heated to about 350°F (180°C), horn can be moulded into a shape, allowing it to be pressed into flat sheets which can be cut into handle stock or combs. Such sheets, scraped or split thin, can be used as panes in lanterns. Sheets may also be pressed in molds of wood or metal to form spoons. The solid tip of the horn can be made into dice, whistles, and other small items. Used in its original form, horn was made into cups as well as the powder horns so closely associated with flintlock firearms. Horn is regaining popularity as an alternative to petroleum based plastics for many uses. #berevolutionary #hornwork http://ift.tt/2fxvhfH

[quanronggallery]

#hornworks #handcarving #handmade #homedesign #decoration #Chinaart #Chineseart #China #Chinese #Asianart #collection #auction #onlineauction #Chineseauction #artauction #statue #sculpture #horncarving #hornwork #quanronggallery https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/118934710_superb-chinese-qing-dy-ox-horn-carved-peony-statue https://www.instagram.com/p/CYm_t2XsIFD/?utm_medium=tumblr

[hoory]

RT @hornwork: 山本なんとかさん、シートベルトもせず箱乗りで爆走してるんですけど道交法とか関係ないんですかねえ https://t.co/XXcmYpOfjR

[paledrake]

Found a Hawkmoth in my Roughneck's tank. I guess a hornwork got away and matured into an adult. Beautiful guy really I never got to met one in person...