#homeotic

[whats-in-a-sentence]

MADS-RIN also binds to the regulatory regions of numerous ripening-related genes to directly control their expression (Figure 21.40A). (...) MADS box genes are also important in the development and maturation of dry fruits, and control the dehiscence process (Figure 21.40B). (...) Replum tissue identity on the median side of the valve margins is maintained by the expression of REPLUMLESS (RPL), and and the floral homeotic gene AP2 has been demonstrated to repress replum development (see Figure 21.40B).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[markscherz]

Just learned that tadpoles with injured tails sometimes regenerate them with extra legs

[src]

So that's neat.

[eeeppygirly56]

Rant

I love how people deny the implied Ciel x Sebastian. I don’t like the ship, but it is implied. The voice actors shipped them; they kissed in the live action. They have almost kissed twice. I could go on about how they have such a lustful dynamic and are very homeotic. They have aggressively flirted before, and ugh, they are so implied, yet antis say they have a father-son relationship. like huh!? How! They have literally almost kissed. I don't understand how it's even platonic—like, stop watching it with your eyes closed.

Yet I noticed this more commonly with WLW and MLM, which aren't problematic examples. navia x clorinde Many argue it's problematic and weird. I have seen MFs use the Spanish dub mistranslation to say they are so sibling-coded, like sistercon. lol.   It's funny how people will push parent-child and sibling-coded on ships. Another one is Yae Miko x Raiden. Some look at them flirting and being married in different worlds and go mother and daughter, like, so incest? It's funny, though, because just say you hate the ship. Stop trying to change the meaning to fit your narrative.

[magnetictapedatastorage]

Double-flower forms often arise when some or all of the stamens in a flower are replaced by petals. These types of mutations, where one organ in a developing organism is replaced with another, are known as homeotic mutations.

[inkwells-posts]

Constantly disappointed that I am not actively engaging in a homeotic fight to the death.

[amenoromen]

Hi! Tell me your top 10 headcanons for Zombieman/Dr.Genus

1. G disinfects Z's wounds, even if it's not necessary, because it's a good alternative to pain to feel closer to people

2. It is difficult for number 66 to navigate in everyday things

He often demonstrates excessive defensive behavior in response to critical comments

The comfort zone in the financial sphere is Zo's personal level of permission, but G takes care of his comfort for him

3. Number 66 has a change in taste perception because half of the diet in the era of the evolutionary house consisted of sublimates in portion packages

G usually cooks for two, taking into account the restrictions on the level of salt and sugar in products

4. the liquid medium in the culture tank gave rise to the appearance of a neurotic disorder in number 66 when immersed in water

5. The Number 66 often makes error in writing

G forced him to attend evening classes because he planned to explain to him the structure of writing an essay and offer a list of references for annotation

6. The attachment of number 66 to a significant person is a range on which the degree of basic trust in the world is determined

I don't think G understands the concept of family, he would be a typical example of a narcissistic parent who punishes by ignoring and constantly makes you feel like you're not doing enough for him

He was a good handler, but a dysfunctional father figure to number 66

7. The way of thinking of number 66 is often very deviant

For example, when he unbuttons G's trousers instead of verbally thanking him

8. only amphibians have hundreds of genes that are supposedly involved in the regeneration of damaged tissues. they are not found in the genomes of other vertebrates

the Nox genes are a large family of genes that determine the body structure scheme in multicellular animals

in humans, there are four sets of Nox genes that partially duplicate each other (they were formed from one as a result of two full- genome duplications)

the complexes of homeotic genes have become a testing ground for the study of non-coding DNA, which occupies about 98% of our genome tiling

+ amphibian genome, ten times higher than the human genome

thus, the ability to tissue engineering of sample 66 may be due to the sequencing of the genome of the east american newt (notophthalmus viridescens)

9. What if Zo's pathological attachment to G was formed on the basis of retrograde amnesia since, due to the inability to recall recent previous episodes, pseudo-memories were born to restore the missing moments of his life

It is characterized by lack of memories of any given events which were directly preceding unconsciousness, a craniocereberal trauma or anesthesia

Results from damage of the areas of a brain connected with incidental and declarative memory including autobiographical data

More extensive damage limited to the hippocampus causes temporary amnesia for a period of 15 to 25 years

(Was his real name erased and replaced with a serial number?)

10.

Zo's apartment has little white color, bloodstained bandages on the floor, gutted blister packs and dishes that have not been washed for a long time, so G does a general cleaning twice a month

11. G has an obissive compulsive disorder, so both of them are covered by one unspoken rule - to shower for three minutes after sex, because poor hygiene increases the risk of developing skin diseases and infections

Zo thinks the gloves will reduce the sensitivity of his fingers

In the end, G stops at the examination gloves, which are not powdered, because they are thinner than surgical gloves

I'm sorry for the low level of English 🛐

[the-thing-of-worms]

Does anyone with a knowledge on either homeotic genes (hox genes) or specifically the genetic modification of fruit flies wanna talk to me about that stuff? I need helpppp

[weberina]

-_-

right so i'm working on this paper right, and the phrase "homeotic genes" keeps popping up right

[blackshadowswriter]

my bio class went over homeotic genes and i misread it as homoerotic wtf has fanfic done to my brain

[junranghae]

my inability to read the word homeotic without accidentally reading homoerotic is starting to interfere with my academic success

[replicantapologist]

consistently misreading "homeotic genes" as "homoerotic genes" today, and that's what happens when you're thinking too much about fandom when you should be focusing on your research

[moleculardepot]

ASH1L Bromodomain Human Recombinant

ASH1L Bromodomain Human Recombinant Catalog number: B2017249 Lot number: Batch Dependent Expiration Date: Batch dependent Amount: 1 mg Molecular Weight or Concentration: 42 kDa Supplied as: Solution Applications: a molecular tool for various biochemical applications Storage: -80°C Keywords: Absent Small and Homeotic Disks Protein 1 homolog, ASH1-like protein, Histone-lysine N-Methyltransferase…

[ashleysingermfablog]

Wk 16, 23rd of June, 2024 Research

Flower Morphology (The Cycles of Plants and the Fruiting/Flowering Parts)

Andrew Petran and Emily Tepe, Strawberry Flower, research diagram

From the text: Flower Morphology by Biology LibreTexts...

General introduction to flower parts: The flower is built upon a structural foundation consisting of a compressed stem with four nodes and three internodes. For a visual image of these compressed nodes, imagine pushing down on a telescoping radio antenna so that the antenna sections slide down into each other. At the very top of the fully compressed antenna you’ll still see the tips of each of the sections of the antenna, and this resembles the highly compressed nodes and internodes of a stem. The region of the stem containing these four compressed nodes is called the receptacle.

Some plants produce imperfect male and imperfect female flowers on the same plant. The flowers containing only androecium are called staminate (male) flowers while the flowers with only gynoecium are called pistillate (female) flowers. Squash and melons, such as the watermelon shown above, are examples of plants with imperfect flowers. Corn and cucumber are others. Notice the enlarged receptacle and inferior ovary at the base of the pistillate flower of the watermelon. These flowers, because they are missing one of the four parts, could also be described as incomplete.

Male and female watermelon flowers. Pollinator. CC BY-SA 3.0

From the text: Flower Morphology- an overview, by ScienceDirect...

Flower morphology consists of a large number of parameters, including the number and shape of petals, number of stamens, petal size and the number and arrangement of styles and ovaries. Some of these characters, for example, the size of floral organs, seem to be controlled by several genes, whereas single (five petals) versus double (>10 petals) was shown to be inherited by a single gene.

In genotypes with double (multipetalled) flowers which have been selected several times during the early history of rose breeding, a certain number of stamens seems to have undergone homeotic transitions to petals, with some intermediate forms between both organ types. This is consistent with other plant species where these homeotic transformations have been observed for a long time. In roses these intermediate organ morphologies are common but the indefinite number of stamens makes it difficult to correlate stamen and petal numbers. However, diploid crosses between double (>10 petals) and single (<6 petals) flowered genotypes revealed negative correlations between the number of stamens and petals supporting the concept of homeotic transformation.

From the text: Current status and biotechnological advices in genetic engineering of ornamental plants by Stephen F. Chandler, in Biotechnology Advances...

Genetic engineering of cut flowers:

Roses (Rosa) are one of the most economically important and favourite ornamental plants worldwide. Roses of specific color have been used for years as symbolic codes in many social and artistic events (Gudin, 2000). Besides being cultivated for ornamental purposes, roses are also used in the perfume and natural medicine industries. Petal-derived essential oils extracted from Rosa species have important secondary metabolites, used in perfume, cosmetic, aromatherapy, spice manufacturing, and nutrition industries (Feng et al., 2010). Rosa species also contain a number of medicinally important metabolites, such as flavonoids, tormentic acid, gallic acid derivative, polysaccharides, and rosamultin (Park et al., 2005; An et al., 2011). The Rosa genus is endemic to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, including Europe, North America, Asia, and the Middle East but the highest diversity of species is reported in western China (Phillips and Rix, 1988). Rosa has wide variation and hybridizes freely (Zieliński et al., 2004). The rose genome is mostly diploid or tetraploid comprising up to 2n = 2x = 14 to 2n = 8x = 56 chromosomes (Short and Roberts, 1991). Sexual hybridization is rather troublesome in roses due to this wide range of chromosome numbers, high level of heterozygosity, limited gene pool, and a high level of sterility (Marchant et al., 1998a; Van der Salm et al., 1998). 

Lilies (Lilium) are one of the most important flowering crops due to their ornamental value as cut flowers, garden and pot plants. Lilium is native to Asia, North America, Europe, and tropics, at high elevations (Beattie and Whittle, 1993). The Easter lily, Asiatic and oriental hybrids are commercially important. In the floriculture industry, lilies are ranked within the top 10 flowers. Desirable traits in lilies such as flower color, plant form, virus resistance, and stress tolerance can be genetically improved and Lilium transformation has successfully been established through biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated methods. Several useful transgenic plants have been produced.

A transformation efficiency of 3% was obtained when calli of the oriental hybrid lily ‘Acapulco’ were scratched with sandpaper prior to Agrobacterium inoculation (Hoshi et al., 2004). NH4NO3-free medium was used as co-cultivation medium. This medium was also successfully used by Qiu-Hua et al. (2008) to transfer the maize pollen–specific Zm401 gene into Lilium longiflorum × L. formosanum using Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 containing pBI121 as the binary vector. A low rate of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (1.4%) was obtained when NH4NO3-free medium was used as the co-cultivation medium in transformation of eight lily cultivars, possibly due to a genotype effect (Wang et al., 2012). Liu et al. (2011) used MS medium with acetosyringone for co-cultivation with Agrobacteriumto transform L. longiflorum. A high transformation frequency was observed from nodal stem explants via direct and indirect shoot regeneration.

Morphology is the name given to the science that deals with the study of the form and structure of things. No matter which plant you take, the morphology of a flowering plant includes the roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.

When we look into the morphology of flowering plants, a plant has two systems root system and shoot system. The underground part is called the root while the one above is named the shoot.

It is clear from this research that my practice is preoccupied with the shoot systems of plants (the flowers, petals, fruit, seedpods) that make up the system of energy, growth and regeneration in the vegetal realm. Flower morphology clearly shows us that these complex plant systems build by design the organic matter that I am casting, so that each petal made, seedpod formed and fruit developed is a unique and vital part of sustaining life in the world of botanical species. There is no waste in the process of the shoot systems, or rather, all waste is used as nutrients in mulch, compost and the breaking down of matter- which feeds the root systems.

Ashley Singer, matter gleaned from a recent fieldwork trip in Hillsborough Road, outside of Mt Cecilia Park, 2024, research image

Casting forms allows the language of sculpture to take the permanent and delicate nature of the shoot systems in plants and hold them in space for examination, documentation and study. Textures, how it sits in space (the object related ontology of matter), the complex design, the difference and variation in species. This can all be examined by casting.

Below is a process of the shoot system loosing matter that is not needed further in the germination process. These research images were taken by me in Hillsborough in a familiar tree (perhaps to me a nementon- sacred grove), and from there I collected fallen matter to cast.

See below: Ashley Singer, Two Magnolia Trees losing petals, 2024, research images

[leedsomics]

Single cell transcriptomics of the Drosophila embryonic salivary gland reveals not only induction but also exclusion of expression as key morphogenetic control steps

How tissue shape and therefore function is encoded by the genome remains in many cases unresolved. The tubes of the salivary glands in the Drosophila embryo start from simple epithelial placodes, specified through the homeotic factors Scr/Hth/Exd. Previous work indicated that early morphogenetic changes are prepatterned by transcriptional changes, but an exhaustive transcriptional blueprint driving physical changes was lacking. We performed single-cell-RNAseq-analysis of FACS-isolated early placodal cells, making up less than 0.4% of cells within the embryo. Differential expression analysis in comparison to epidermal cells analysed in parallel generated a repertoire of genes highly upregulated within placodal cells prior to morphogenetic changes. Furthermore, clustering and pseudo-time analysis of single-cell-sequencing data identified dynamic expression changes along the morphogenetic timeline. Our dataset provides a comprehensive resource for future studies of a simple but highly conserved morphogenetic process of tube morphogenesis. Unexpectedly, we identified a subset of genes that, although initially expressed in the very early placode, then became selectively excluded from the placode but not the surrounding epidermis, including hth, grainyhead and tollo/toll-8. We show that maintaining tollo expression severely compromised the tube morphogenesis. tollo is likely switched off to not interfere with key Tolls/LRRs that are expressed and function in the placode. http://dlvr.it/T6glCl

[jhavelikes]

Evolutionary developmental biology (informally, evo-devo) is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer how developmental processes evolved. The field grew from 19th-century beginnings, where embryology faced a mystery: zoologists did not know how embryonic development was controlled at the molecular level. Charles Darwin noted that having similar embryos implied common ancestry, but little progress was made until the 1970s. Then, recombinant DNA technology at last brought embryology together with molecular genetics. A key early discovery was of homeotic genes that regulate development in a wide range of eukaryotes

Evolutionary developmental biology - Wikipedia

[whats-in-a-sentence]

The ER-localized protein, FT INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (FTIP1), is required for FT movement into the phloem translocation stream, which takes it to the meristem (Figure 20.9). (...) Both of these targets activate LEAFY (LFY; a floral identity gene we will discuss later in this chapter), and LFY directly activates the expression of AP1 and FD, forming two positive feedback loops (see Figure 20.19). (...) Genetic studies have shown that there are four distinct developmental pathways that control flowering in the LDP Petunia (see Figure 20.19):

The photoperiodic pathway behind in the leaf and involves phytochromes and cryptochromes. (Note that phyA and phyB have contrasting effects on flowering.) In LDPs under long-day conditions, the interaction of these photoreceptors with the circadian clock initiates a pathway that results in the expression of CO in the phloem companion cells of the leaf. CO activates the expression of its downstream target gene, FT, in the phloem. FT protein ("florigen") moves into the sieve tube elements and is translocated to the apical meristem, where it stimulates flowering. As shown in the enlargement of the meristem in Figure 20.19, FT protein forms a complex with the transcription factor FD. The FD-FT complex then activates downstream target genes such as SOC1, AP1, and LFY, which turn on floral homeotic genes on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem.

In rice, a SDP, the CO homolog Heading-date 1 (Hd1) acts as an inhibitor of flowering. During inductive short day conditions, however, Hd1 protein is not produced. The absence of Hd1 stimulates the expression of the Hd3a gene in the phloem companion cells (Hd3a is a relative of FT). Hd3a protein is then translocated via the sieve tubes to the apical meristem, where it is believed to stimulate flowering by pathway similar to that in Arabidopsis.

In the autonomous and vernalization pathways, flowering occurs either in response to internal signals – the production of a fixed number of leaves – or to low temperatures. In the autonomous pathway of Arabidopsis, all of the genes associated with the pathway are expressed in the meristem. The autonomous pathway acts by reducing the expression of the flowering repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), an inhibitor of SOC1 expression. Vernalization also represses FLC, but by a different mechanism (an epigenetic switch). Because the FLC gene is a common target, the autonomous and vernalization pathways are grouped together.

The gibberellin pathway is required for early flowering and for flowering under noninductive short days. The gibberellin pathway involves GA-MYB as an intermediary, which promotes LFY; gibberellin may also interact with SOC1 by a separate pathway.

All four pathways converge by increasing the expression of key floral regulators: FT in the vasculature and SOC1, LFY, and AP1 in the meristem (see Figure 20.19).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.