#general purpose ac servo system manufacturers

[coltermartinez]

Servo Motors and Drives Market: Exploring the Latest Dynamics and Lucrative Business Opportunities 2019 to 2027

According to a recently published report by Research Nester on “Servo Motors and Drives Market: Global Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2027” delivers detailed overview of servo motors and drives market in terms of market segmentation by types, by voltage range, by communication protocol, brake type, applications and by region.

Further, for the in-depth analysis, the report encompasses the industry growth drivers, restraints, supply and demand risk, market attractiveness, BPS analysis and Porter’s five force model.

The servo motors and drives market is segmented by type into AC servo motors & DC servo motors; by voltage range into low voltage & medium voltage; by communication protocol into fieldbus & industrial ethernet; by brake type into with brake & without brake; by applications into machine tools, cut to length application, computerized numerical controllers, motion control, robotics, automated manufacturing, packaging & others and by region. The market is anticipated to record a CAGR of around 8.56% during the forecast period i.e. 2019-2027.

Servo motors and drives are the machineries which are used in order to acquire precise position control. These are used for the purpose of automation of industrial processes. Servo motors and drives have application in sectors such as packaging machines, automobile manufacturing industries, food processing, healthcare industries, semiconductor and robotics.

On the basis of regional analysis, the servo motors and drives market is segmented into five major regions North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa region. Asia Pacific market is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate in the servo motors and drives market owing to increasing industrial activities coupled with need for fast and accurate motors for higher production output. Such factors are expected to raise the demand in this region. Growing industrialization in developing countries is a major factor driving the market. Factors such as availability of low-cost skilled workforce, administrative setup, favorable business landscape, and attractive foreign policies have enabled manufacturers to shift their business to Asia Pacific. 

Request Report Sample: @ https://www.researchnester.com/sample-request-1096

Industrialization

Globalization and industrialization have generated the need for high production capacity and high qualitative output within a limited time. This has resulted in the demand for automation systems such as servo motors and drives. These motors and drives are used in different application sectors, specifically suited for controlling the movement of machines.

Increased Applications in Industries

Servo motors and drives are the most advanced motion control devices, which incorporate precise dimensional tolerance, high-force magnet materials, and advanced design methods. The increasing demand of servo technology in applications such as packaging, automation, textile, motion control, semiconductors, and electronics has triggered the innovation in the manufacturing of servo systems. Servo technology helps in maintaining a high level of accuracy, reducing labor costs and production wastages, and increasing production output.

However, high costs associated with servo motors and drives are anticipated to be a key restraint for the growth ofservo motors and drives market during the forecast period. It is one of the highly expensive motors as compared to the alternatives such as stepper motors. Further, availability of cheap substitutes such as serviced motors is expected to hamper the demand for servo motors and drives and restrain the growth of the target market. 

This report also provides the existing competitive scenario of some of the key players of the servo motors and drives market which includes company profiling of Adtech (Shenzhen) Technology Ltd., Bosch Rexroth AG, Kinco Automation Pvt. Ltd., Yaskawa Electric Corp., Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Siemens AG, Danaher Corporation, FANUC FA, Galil Motion Control and other prominent players. The profiling enfolds key information of the companies which encompasses business overview, products and services, key financials and recent news and developments. On the whole, the report depicts detailed overview of the servo motors and drives market that will help industry consultants, equipment manufacturers, existing players searching for expansion opportunities, new players searching possibilities and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to the ongoing and expected trends in the future.     

About Research Nester

Research Nester is a leading service provider for strategic market research and consulting. We aim to provide unbiased, unparalleled market insights and industry analysis to help industries, conglomerates and executives to take wise decisions for their future marketing strategy, expansion and investment etc. We believe every business can expand to its new horizon, provided a right guidance at a right time is available through strategic minds. Our out of box thinking helps our clients to take wise decision so as to avoid future uncertainties.

Contact for more Info:

AJ Daniel Email: info@researchnester.com U.S. Phone: +1 646 586 9123 U.K. Phone: +44 203 608 5919

[linearatiactuators]

Basics of Linear Actuators

Linear actuators are a component of motion control systems. These actuators can be powered by a variety of energy sources, including mechanical, electrical and hydraulic. The most common use of linear motion actuators is in factory automation and robotics.

There are many forms of energy that can power actuators. There are many forms of energy that can be used to power actuators, including hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical, as well as electrical. Robotics and factory automation are a lot of use for linear actuators.

Linear motion actuators are used to convert rotational motion into linear motion. Linear actuators can be used with motors such as stepper, DC brush and induction motors. These motors can be used for different purposes depending on the application and load capacity.

A linear actuator that is equipped with an integral horsepower AC induction motor can convert large valve motions in refineries. In such cases, high speed and force are important over the actuator's move resolution and accuracy Pneumatic Linear Actuator.

The principle of operation is the basis for designing linear servo actuators. Many electro-magnetic actuators include a lead screw and nut, while others have a ball nuts and screw. Both cases have a screw that is connected to either the motor via a series of gears or the manual control knob.

Many lead screws have multiple starts. This means that there are many threads rotating on a single shaft. This allows for more adjustment between thread pitch and screw, which determines the motor's load carrying capacity and extension speed.

Manufacturers are creating integrated actuators to meet the extreme competition. They are simple, efficient, and improve their over-functionality.

Linear actuators have a higher speed, greater accuracy, and greater acceleration that other motors. These can be used to assemble machines, general purpose positions, gantry and gantry-axes. Linear stages can be used in adverse conditions to replace other potentially dangerous actuators.

For similar applications, DC actuators can also be used. They are quiet and run very smoothly. Many DC actuators on the market are waterproof. Buyers have the option to choose from a standard or a customized range of actuators, depending on their budget and needs.

[acdriveindia]

Get here the Details of General Purpose AC Servo System, general purpose ac servo system manufacturers, general purpose ac servo system suppliers in Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

[pneumaticlinearactuators]

Basics of Linear Actuators

Pneumatic Linear Actuator are a component of motion control systems. These actuators can be powered by a variety of energy sources, including mechanical, electrical and hydraulic. The most common use of linear motion actuators is in factory automation and robotics.

There are many forms of energy that can power actuators. There are many forms of energy that can be used to power actuators, including hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical, as well as electrical. Robotics and factory automation are a lot of use for linear actuators.

Linear motion actuators are used to convert rotational motion into linear motion. Linear actuators can be used with motors such as stepper, DC brush and induction motors. These motors can be used for different purposes depending on the application and load capacity.

A linear actuator that is equipped with an integral horsepower AC induction motor can convert large valve motions in refineries. In such cases, high speed and force are important over the actuator's move resolution and accuracy.

The principle of operation is the basis for designing linear servo actuators. Many electro-magnetic actuators include a lead screw and a lead nut, while others have a ball nuts and screw. Both cases have a screw that is connected to either the motor via a series of gears or the manual control knob.

Many lead screws have multiple starts. This means that there are many threads rotating on a single shaft. This allows for more adjustment between thread pitch and screw, which determines the motor's load carrying capacity and extension speed.

Manufacturers are creating integrated actuators to meet the extreme competition. They are simple, efficient, and improve their over-functionality.

Linear actuators have a higher speed, greater accuracy, and greater acceleration that other motors. These can be used to gantry and general purpose positions, gantry and assembly machines. Linear stages can be used in adverse conditions to replace other potentially dangerous actuators.

For similar applications, DC actuators can also be used. They are quiet and run very smoothly. Many DC actuators on the market are waterproof. Buyers have the option to choose from a standard or a customized range of actuators, depending on their budget and needs.

[industrynewshour]

Servo Motors and Drives Market Developing Technologies, Demand, Forecast Outlook 2027

According to a recently published report by Research Nester on “Servo Motors and Drives Market: Global Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2027” delivers detailed overview of servo motors and drives market in terms of market segmentation by types, by voltage range, by communication protocol, brake type, applications and by region.

Further, for the in-depth analysis, the report encompasses the industry growth drivers, restraints, supply and demand risk, market attractiveness, BPS analysis and Porter’s five force model.

The servo motors and drives market is segmented by type into AC servo motors & DC servo motors; by voltage range into low voltage & medium voltage by communication protocol into fieldbus & industrial ethernet; by brake type into with brake & without brake; by applications into machine tools, cut to length application, computerized numerical controllers, motion control, robotics, automated manufacturing, packaging & others and by region. The market is anticipated to record a CAGR of around 8.56% during the forecast period i.e. 2019-2027.

Servo motors and drives are the machineries which are used in order to acquire precise position control. These are used for the purpose of automation of industrial processes. Servo motors and drives have application in sectors such as packaging machines, automobile manufacturing industries, food processing, healthcare industries, semiconductor and robotics.

Download Sample Report Here: https://www.researchnester.com/sample-request-1096

On the basis of regional analysis, the servo motors and drives market is segmented into five major regions North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa region. Asia Pacific market is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate in the servo motors and drives market owing to increasing industrial activities coupled with need for fast and accurate motors for higher production output. Such factors are expected to raise the demand in this region. Growing industrialization in developing countries is a major factor driving the market. Factors such as availability of low-cost skilled workforce, administrative setup, favorable business landscape, and attractive foreign policies have enabled manufacturers to shift their business to Asia Pacific. 

Industrialization

Globalization and industrialization have generated the need for high production capacity and high qualitative output within a limited time. This has resulted in the demand for automation systems such as servo motors and drives. These motors and drives are used in different application sectors, specifically suited for controlling the movement of machines.

Increased Applications in Industries

Servo motors and drives are the most advanced motion control devices, which incorporate precise dimensional tolerance, high-force magnet materials, and advanced design methods. The increasing demand of servo technology in applications such as packaging, automation, textile, motion control, semiconductors, and electronics has triggered the innovation in the manufacturing of servo systems. Servo technology helps in maintaining a high level of accuracy, reducing labor costs and production wastages, and increasing production output.

However, high costs associated with servo motors and drives are anticipated to be a key restraint for the growth ofservo motors and drives market during the forecast period. It is one of the highly expensive motors as compared to the alternatives such as stepper motors. Further, availability of cheap substitutes such as serviced motors is expected to hamper the demand for servo motors and drives and restrain the growth of the target market. 

This report also provides the existing competitive scenario of some of the key players of the servo motors and drives market which includes company profiling of Adtech (Shenzhen) Technology Ltd., Bosch Rexroth AG, Kinco Automation Pvt. Ltd., Yaskawa Electric Corp., Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Siemens AG, Danaher Corporation, FANUC FA, Galil Motion Control and other prominent players. The profiling enfolds key information of the companies which encompasses business overview, products and services, key financials and recent news and developments. On the whole, the report depicts detailed overview of the servo motors and drives market that will help industry consultants, equipment manufacturers, existing players searching for expansion opportunities, new players searching possibilities and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to the ongoing and expected trends in the future.     

Request Report Sample@ https://www.researchnester.com/sample-request-1096

About Research Nester

Research Nester is a leading service provider for strategic market research and consulting. We aim to provide unbiased, unparalleled market insights and industry analysis to help industries, conglomerates and executives to take wise decisions for their future marketing strategy, expansion and investment etc. We believe every business can expand to its new horizon, provided a right guidance at a right time is available through strategic minds. Our out of box thinking helps our clients to take wise decision so as to avoid future uncertainties.

Contact for more Info:

AJ Daniel

Email: info@researchnester.com

U.S. Phone: +1 646 586 9123 

U.K. Phone: +44 203 608 5919

[messunggroup]

EMPOWERING SOLUTIONS FOR INDIAN INDUSTRY: MESSUNG GROUP

Messung offers a diverse portfolio of best-in-class products, solutions, and services enabling a wide range of industrial verticals to optimize operations and maximize productivity. The Group’s know-how and offerings keep growing, keeping pace with global trends, market dynamics and new technologies.

Industrial Automation & Control solutions

Messung offers essential components, intelligent devices and advanced industrial automation & control solutions in India, capable of controlling, in a distributed and redundant way, complex industrial processes, machines and high-performance production lines. Messung’s own range of Nx-ERA PLCs and XM-PRO remote I/O modules enable smart factory automation & control solutions in Indiafor well-informed decision-making and efficient controls. Their solutions cover:

Process Automation: Messung offers high-end process automation & control solutions to help process industries meet their quality and productivity challenges. Messung partners throughout the complete life cycle of your plant, and customises solutions that meet the highest technical demands for speed, quality, operational reliability, system availability and more.

Servo & Motion Control Automation: Messung delivers fully integrated, future-proof solutions incorporating PLCs, motion control systems, drive products, VFDs, HMIs and much more – to bring flexibility, consistency and long-term availability for factory automation.

General Purpose Automation: Messung custom designs and manufactures General Purpose Automation solutions for varied equipment in diverse application areas. The cutting-edge technology enables high-performance, flexible machines that are information-enabled, and easy to integrate. They deliver real-time diagnostics and maximise control, optimising safety, speed, productivity and efficiencies – for the competitive edge.

Building & Infrastructure Automation & Control solutions

Messung’s solutions reduce operating costs and optimise energy efficiency and comfort for all types of buildings, from hospitals to shopping malls, IT and industrial establishments, corporate buildings, and power stations.

Messung’s expertise in this business covers three broad categories:

IBMS: Messung’s IOT-enabled BMS solution provides control and supervision of HVAC, Security, CCTV, Intrusion Alarm and Fire systems, including diesel genset, water pumping systems, and other third-party systems, which are now mandatory in all modern buildings.

IOT: The Internet of Things (IOT) enables 24x7 monitoring and remote control of equipment, systems, buildings and plants. Customised dashboards and advanced analytics help to improve efficiency, response, operation, preventive maintenance, etc.

EMS: With Messung’s integrated energy management systems you can store energy parameters, analyse consumptions, identify areas of wastage, reduce energy consumption, predict electrical system performance and optimise energy usage to reduce cost.

Home, Office & Hotel Automation & Controlsolutions

Messung’s automation products and customised solutions dramatically transform interiors into luxurious spaces, enhancing comfort and safety while reducing energy consumption.

Home Automation: For apartments, villas and bungalows, Messung’s KNX-based solutions enable you to control all your home appliances, lights, fans, TVs, ACs, curtains & blinds, video door phones, CCTV cameras, media devices, garden sprinklers, etc.

Office Automation:With Crestron, USA, Messung enables greater convenience, comfort and efficiency by automating existing office procedures, and providing control over an increasingly complex network of audio-visual and communication devices.

Hotel Automation:Messung customizes smart automation solutions that enable guests to control multiple functions such as lighting, air conditioning, drapes and audio/video systems using smart, automated bedside consoles and interfaces. Integration of guest rooms with the hotel's property management system enable better monitoring and control.

Electrical Engineering solutions

For industries and buildings,Messung provides reliable, intelligent and world-class solutions for Power Distribution and Energy Management under three broad categories:

Distribution & Control: Messung provides smart power distribution control panels with Wohner’s special Busbar systems as per IEC 61439 standards. Messung offers total low voltage power distribution control systems that are Industry 4.0-compatible, Cloud-based solutions to provide “Any time Anywhere” supervisory & control features.

Control Panels: Messung provides “Control Panel Solutions” to a wide arena of applications like water and waste water treatment plants, sugar machinery, plastic extrusion, printing, pharmaceutical, automotive assembly and testing lines, electro plating, boilers, material handling, furnaces, mechanical and hydraulic press, in different industry verticals.

Energy Management:Messung’s customised Energy Management solutions use Janitza's Class A power quality analysers, and power meters at appropriate power consumption areas, and the GridVis EMS software to provide complete visibility of electrical usage in your industry or building.

To improve performance of your electrical system and sensitive equipment in industrial, data centre and commercial applications, Messung offers advanced online UPS,Active Harmonic Filters and Servo Stabilizers from Fuji Electric Consul Neowatt.

Messung in Workplace Technology

Messung designs and deliver meaningful solutions to improve ergonomics and productivity in industrial workplaces.

Messung provides turnkey setups for R&D labs, calibration centres, training and didactic centres, electronic assembly & testing, spread across the Indian electronic industry.

Under its 'Navonmesh - Make in India' initiative, Messung offers awide range of modular, world-class solutions for ESD workplaces, general workplaces and cleanroom workplaces – under the brand AFM-PLUS. The esd worktables, industrial workstation chairs, stools, trolleys, storage cabinets, racks, etc. are rugged, reliable and proven in tough industrial applications.

Messung also offers cleanroom chairs and stools from Uchida, Japan, for Special Category Cleanrooms, Chemical Laboratories, and other controlled environments in diverse industries.

Conclusion

Messung is committed to empowering Indian enterprises – both large and small – with technology that drives excellence. From collaborating with global majors to bring the world’s finest technology to designing their own range of world-class products and developing customised integrated solutions – Messung partners through the entire life cycle for positive business outcomes.

[messungautomation]

MESSUNG PRESENTS VFDs FROM FUJI ELECTRIC, JAPAN

As Fuji Electric’s Distributor in India, Messung Industrial Automation & Controls offers a wide range of Fuji’s simple and high-performance Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs).

The VFD Drive range includes standard and specialised models that can maximise performance for each application. These VFDs have an environmentally-friendly long-life design (10 years), are compliant with RoHS directives.

Designed for ease of use, this general-purpose class of drives provides a compact package to optimize panel space and application versatility.

Fuji Electric delivers high-performance VFDs for automatically controlled motor operations and operating speeds for a wide variety of drive applications.  The precision control of Fuji Electric’s Variable Frequency Drives allows AC drives to operate at an optimal speed throughout your application, reducing overall energy consumption to minimize operating costs.  

ABOUT VFD

Also known as variable speed drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable frequency drive, inverter drive or AC drive, a VFD is a type of adjustable-speed drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and voltage.

Globally, these drives are emerging as an integral part of several machine markets, both small- and large-scale. They are used across several end-user sectors, including infrastructure, industrial, power generation, oil & gas. Growing pressure to reduce energy consumption to achieve a net zero energy goal is one of the primary factors contributing to the growth of the market.

THE FUJI RANGE OF VFDs FROM MESSUNG

The main Fuji models offered by Messung include:

Frenic Mini - 0.1 to 15KW (200V / 400V)

The new FRENIC-Mini brings functionality, compact design, simple operation, and global compatibility, to elevate the performance of conveyors, fans, pumps, centrifugal separators, food processing machines and other equipment.

FVR Micro - 0.1 to 2.2KW (200V / 400V)

This compact, low-maintenance inverter is economical, and serves a multiplicity of needs at a small initial cost. FVR-Micro is preferred for applications such as traversing conveyors, fans, pumps, noodle-making machines, woodworking machinery, etc. which require small space, small capacities, and simple and basic function.

Frenic Ace - 0.4 to 315KW (400V)

Discover this full feature drive offering great value and maintain high performance through optimal design for a wide range of applications from fans and pumps to specialized machinery.

Customers can customize their inverters—from simple logic functions to full-scale programming thanks to the built-in customizable logic functions with a maximum of 200 steps including both digital and analog operation functions.

Frenic HVAC - 0.75 to 710 KW (400V)

The FRENIC HVAC series is the dedicated inverter for HVAC that ensures the optimal thermal environment for the people working in the building by keeping the energy consumption in various devices (compressor, condenser water pump, AHU and others) to the minimum.

Fuji also offers VFDs in 690 Volt Class for higher capacities.

ADVANTAGES OFOUR VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES

The primary benefits are:

1. Keeps starting current in control thus helps in extending the motor life.

2. Reduces power line disturbances which can adversely affect voltage sensitive devices such as proximity switches, sensors, and computers.

3. Demands lower power on start, thus avoiding surge charges during peak hours of electrical consumption.

4. Helps in controlling operating speed and acceleration for smoother, safer operations in applications such as bottling lines.

5. Limits and adjusts torque so the ac motor never surpasses this limit, protecting machinery and process from damage.

6. Saves energy and cost, and eliminates the need for mechanical drive components, which also helps reduce overall costs.

CONTACT MESSUNG

Messung offers the latest technology and industry expertise to partner with your industry, understand your needs and challenges, and develop integrated process automation solutions ,PLC panels & servo drive solutions that are customised for your specific application and industry.

Messung offers a range of world-class Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), Remote I/O Modules, Servo & Motion Control solutions, VFDs, Human Machine Interface (HMI) and SCADA applications for a gamut of applications across diverse industries.

The PLCs and Remote I/O modules are designed by Messung– for Modbus, CANopen and their own ‘Mesbus’. The Servo/Motion solutions are manufactured by Sigmatek, Austria and Fuji Electric, Japan, while the advanced VFD Drives come from Fuji Electric.

Talk to Messung today. A pioneer and first indigenous PLC system manufacturer, Messung has proven expertise in industrial automation and offers best-in-class products and systems for modern industrial applications.

[vajrat]

What Are Solar Transformers and Why Vajra Transpower Is the Best To Buy Solar Transformers?

Transformer is one of the most important inventions in the world, and there are many types of transformers available in the market. Transformers are used to transfer Alternating Current from one circuit to another circuit for consumer usage. Transformers are of many types, and one of the types is Solar Transformer. 

What is a Solar Transformer?

Solar transformer is one of the useful devices in the solar based power systems. Solar Transformers are used to alter the DC output current from the solar panel into AC current. Then the converted AC current is used for residential, commercial as well as for industrial purposes to run electrical appliances. Solar transformer is an eco-friendly invention and it helps a lot to make use of renewable energy resources. 

Solar transformers are very complex devices, so highly reliable and high quality solar transformers must be purchased from the transformer manufacturers in hyderabad. There are many transformer making companies in India, and Vajra Transpower Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Auxiliary Transformer manufacturers in Hyderabad, India. 

They are also a solar transformer manufacturer in Hyderabad, and you can buy solar transformers for the best price. 

Benefits of Solar Transformer

Nowadays people are shifting towards renewable energy sources. It is because renewable sources are widely available and also environmentally friendly. Using renewable energy sources like Solar energy, you can save significant cost on electricity. There are many benefits of installing solar transformers. Let’s look at some of the important benefits of solar transformers. 

Solar Transformer helps to generate electricity from renewable energy sources. 

The installation cost and maintenance cost of the solar transformer is very low as compared with other transformers. 

It is a reliable transformer type and the damage or error during its working is negligible. 

Solar power transformer helps you to reduce the power consumption and saves cost on electricity. 

Solar transformers are highly efficient. 

Solar technology is one of the reliable technologies and the side effects or errors are very rare. It is also eco-friendly technology, so it causes very little or no pollution.  

These are the top benefits of solar transformers. 

About Vajra Transformers Pvt. Ltd. 

There are many distribution transformer manufacturers in Hyderabad, and Vajra Transpower is an experienced transformer manufacturing company. They have established this transformer manufacturing industry in Hyderabad to provide the best transformers. Vajra Transpower Pvt. Ltd. manufacture power transformer, distribution transformer, isolation transformer, servo voltage stabilizers, power savers and many other types. 

Vajra Transpower Pvt. Ltd. is also one of the best solar transformer manufacturers in Hyderabad, and you can buy it at affordable cost. We manufacture 1 MV, 5 MV, 7.5 MV, and 10 MV solar transformers. 

Vajra Transpower Pvt. Ltd. has many experienced and highly qualified engineers. They use the latest and cutting edge technology to manufacture transformers which are safe, reliable, and cost efficient. They provide the best and high quality transformer, and gained names as one of the top transformer manufacturing companies in the Hyderabad region. 

Contact: 91216 85111

Website: http://www.vajratranspower.com

Email: sales@vajratranspower.com

[messungindustrialautomation]

MESSUNG IS DISTRIBUTOR IN INDIA FOR FUJI ELECTRIC'S VFD DRIVES

Messung Industrial Automation & Controls is proud to be Distributor in India for Fuji Electric’s range of simple and high-performance Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs).

…………………….

THE EXPANDING VFD MARKET

The global VFD market is growing. These drives are emerging as an integral part of several machine markets, both small- and large-scale. They are used in applications ranging from small devices to large compressors.

Globally, VFDs are used across several end-user sectors, including infrastructure, industrial, power generation, oil & gas. Growing emphasis from government organizations to reduce energy consumption to achieve a net zero energy goal is one of the key trends contributing to the growth of the market.

Rapid technological advancements along with proliferation of connected devices in commercial, household, and industrial sectors coupled with rising awareness about the benefits of these drives are encouraging their adoption.

WHAT IS A VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE?

A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of adjustable-speed drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and voltage. Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable frequency drive, inverter drive or AC drive.

HOW DOES A VFD WORK?

- First, the converter (usually a diode rectifier) converts three-phase AC power to DC power.

- Next, the DC Bus stores and filters the DC power in a large bank of capacitors.

- Last, the inverter (usually a set of six IGBTs) switches or inverts the DC power in a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) AC waveform to the motor.

BENEFITS OFVARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES?

There are six primary benefits of VFDs:

1. Keeps starting current in control: A VFD has the capability of starting the motor at zero voltage and frequency, which keeps a check on motor winding flexing and heat generation. This helps in extending the motor life.

2. Reduces power line disturbances: Any voltage sag caused in the power line can adversely affect voltage sensitive devices such as proximity switches, sensors, and computers. Using VFDs eliminates voltage sag.

3. Demands lower power on start: Power required to start an ac motor across the line is substantially greater than with a VFD. When industrial customers start these motors during peak hours of electrical consumption, they are likely to be charged with surge prices. However, with VFD demanding lower starting power, the issue can be addressed.

4. Helps in controlling operating speed and acceleration: Applications such as bottling lines that include easy-to-tip product significantly benefit from a gradual increase in power. This allows conveyer belts to smoothly rev up rather than an abrupt jerk to full power. They also allow speed to be remotely adjusted by a controller. Control is speed and acceleration are a big bonus to industries in a production process.

5. Limits and adjusts torque: The drive is capable of limiting and adjusting the amount of torque so the ac motor never surpasses this limit. This protects machinery from damage and protects the process or product.

6. Saves energy and cost: A VFD regulating a pump motor that usually runs less than full speed can cut down energy consumption over a motor running at constant speed for the same period. In addition, it eliminates the need for mechanical drive components, which also helps reduce overall costs.

(Ref: https://www.controleng.com/articles/vfds-six-benefits-energy-efficiency)

MESSUNG PRESENTS VFDs FROM FUJI ELECTRIC, JAPAN

Fuji Electric delivers high-performance inverters that offer automatically controlled motor operations and operating speeds for a wide variety of drive applications.  This precision control allows our drives to operate at an optimal speed throughout your application, reducing overall power and energy consumption to minimize operating costs.

The precision control of Fuji Electric inverters allows AC drives to operate at an optimal speed throughout your application, reducing overall power and energy consumption to minimize operating costs.  Applications for these AC / VFD drive, and v/ Hz vector drive inverters include, conveyor systems, pumps, fans, and HVAC.

Messung Industrial Automation & Controls offers a wide range of simple and high-performance Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) from Fuji Electric.Designed for ease of use, this general-purpose class of drives provides a compact package to optimize panel space and application versatility.

The VFD Drive range includes standard and specialised models that can maximise performance for each application.These VFDs have an environmentally-friendly long-life design (10 years), are compliant with RoHS directives, and can be used in most types of applications – from fans and pumps to specialised machinery.

The range includes:

Frenic Mini - 0.1 to 15KW (200V / 400V) With its functionality, compact design, simple operation, and global compatibility, the new FRENIC-Mini elevates the performance of a wide range of devices and equipment--including conveyors, fans, pumps, centrifugal separators, and food processing machines--to give you the system integration, energy efficiency, reduced labour, and lower overall costs you're looking for.

FVR Micro - 0.1 to 2.2KW (200V / 400V) The FVR-Micro is the simple yet tough inverter to serve a multiplicity of needs. It is economical, demonstrating great effectiveness with a small initial cost. Because of the simple and compact design, FVR-Micro is preferredfor applications which require small space, small capacities, and simple and basic function, such as traversing conveyors, fans, pumps, noodle-making machines, woodworking machinery, etc. Once installed, users will enjoy its user-friendliness, simple operation and easy maintenance.

Frenic Ace - 0.4 to 315KW (400V) The FRENIC-Ace Inverters are full feature drives offering great value and maintain high performance through optimal design for a wide range of applications. The FRENIC-Ace can be used in most types of application—from fans and pumps to specialized machinery.

It has built-in customizable logic functions with a maximum of 200 steps including both digital and analog operation functions, giving customers the ability to customize their inverters—from simple logic functions to full-scale programming.

Frenic HVAC - 0.75 to 710 KW (400V) 50% of energy consumption in office buildings is related to air conditioning. The FRENIC HVAC series is the dedicated inverter for HVAC that features functions and performances offer the optimal thermal environment for the people working in the building by keeping the energy consumption in various devices (compressor, condenser water pump, AHU and others) to the minimum.

Fuji also offers VFDs in 690 Volt Class for higher capacities.

WHY MESSUNG?

Messung is a reputed organisation with forty years of experience in the business. A pioneer and first indigenous PLC system manufacturer, Messung has proven expertise in industrial automation and other sectors. Messung's industrial automation solutions cover the sectors of Process Automation, Servo & Motion Control Automation, and General Purpose Automation.

For safer, more efficient and sustainable industrial operations, Messung offers the latest technology and industry expertise to partner with your industry, understand your needs and challenges, and develop PLC panels &servo drive solutions that are just right for you, today and in the future.

Messung offers a range of world-class Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), Remote I/O Modules, Servo & Motion Control solutions, VFDs, Human Machine Interface (HMI) and SCADAapplications for a gamut of applications across diverse industries.

The Remote I/O modules are designed by Messung under the XM-PRO Series – for Modbus, CANopen and their own ‘Mesbus’. TheServo/Motion solutions are manufactured by Sigmatek, Austria and Fuji Electric, Japan, while the advanced VFD Drives come from Fuji Electric.

Talk to Messung today. Benefit from the most efficient technology, indepth domain knowledge and best-in-class products for your industrial solutions.

[shunlongwei]

Sell Mitsubishi CM10MD-24H New Stock #CM10MD-24H Mitsubishi CM10MD-24H New CM10MD-24H is a 1200V (VCES) 10 Ampere CIB Power Module., CM10MD-24H pictures, CM10MD-24H price, #CM10MD-24H supplier ------------------------------------------------------------------- Email: sales@shunlongwei.com https://www.slw-ele.com/cm10md-24h.html ------------------------------------------------------------------- CM10MD-24H Description Powerex CIB Modules are designed for use in switching applications. Each module consists of a three phase diode converter section, a three phase IGBT inverter section and a brake section. All components and interconnects are isolated from the heat sinking baseplate, offering simplified system assembly and thermal management. Features: . Low Drive Power . Low VCE(sat) . Discrete Super-Fast Recovery (70ns) Free-Wheel Diodes . High Frequency Operation (20-25 kHz) . Isolated Baseplate for Easy Heat Sinking Applications: . AC Motor Control . Motion/Servo Control . General Purpose Inverters . Robotics Ordering Information: Example: Select the complete nine digit module part number you desire from the table below - i.e. Absolute Maximum Ratings, Tj = 25°C unless otherwise specified Power Device Junction Temperature Tj -40 to 150 °C Storage Temperature Tstg -40 to 125 °C Mounting Torque, M4 Mounting Screws 13 in-lb Module Weight (Typical) 60 Grams Isolation Voltage, AC 1 minute, 60Hz VRMS 2500 Volts CM10MD-24H is a 1200V (VCES) 10 Ampere CIB Power Module. Shunlongwei Inspected Every CM10MD-24H Before Ship, All CM10MD-24H with 6 months warranty. Part Number Manufacturer Packaging Descript Qty LQ065T9DZ03ASharpNew LCDLQ065T9DZ03A Sharp 6.5" LCM 400×240 250 150:1 50/50/45/45 262K CCFL TTL 107 PCSG185HAN01.3AUONew LCDG185HAN01.3 AUO 18.5" LCM 1920×1080 500 1000:1 89/89/89/89 16.7M WLED eDP 26 PCSCM400HB-90HPowerexIGBTPower Management Modules 1SD312F2 IGBT Driver HVIC 478 PCSLQ104S1DG31SharpNew LCDLQ104S1DG31 Sharp 10.4" LCM 800×600 350 300:1 70/70/50/60 262K CCFL TTL 77 PCSLMG5278XUFC-00THitachiNew LCDHitachi 9.4 inch Panel 640×480 18:1 Monochrome CCFL Parallel Data 275 PCS2SB1424T100RRohmSOTBipolar Transistors - BJT PNP 20V 3A MPT3 1452 PCSBSM10GD120DN2EupecIGBT moduleIGBT: 10A1200V;IGBT Modules 1200V 10A FL BRIDGE 385 PCSCM150DU-24HMitsubishiIGBT moduleIGBT: 150A 1200V 104 PCS

[technogeekstmr]

Linear Motor Market Future Growth Insight And Competitive Outlook - 2027

Linear Motor Market: Introduction

Transparency Market Research delivers key insights on the global linear motor market. In terms of revenue, the global linear motor market is estimated to expand at a CAGR of 5.5% during the forecast period, owing to numerous factors, regarding which TMR offers thorough insights and forecasts in its report on the global linear motor market.

Linear motors are defined as electric motors that generate the motion in a straight line, unlike the rotational motion. In a linear motor, the stator is unrolled and spread out flat, while the rotor moves past it in a straight line. Linear motors are used in all designs of machines that require linear motion, including overhead-travelling cranes and beltless conveyors used for moving sheet metals. Linear motors are employed in a wide range of applications in industries such as manufacturing, semiconductor, food & beverages, textile, healthcare, and printing. Linear motors come in three designs: flat-bed, U-channel, and cylindrical. In line with the growth of the global automation industry, manufacturing and process plant operators are adopting advanced technologies for processes and operations focused on achieving improved product efficiency, reduced labor, and decreased operational costs. Linear motor systems offer a reliable and efficient solution to achieve high efficiency and hence, they are increasingly being adopted in applications ranging from simple point-to-point systems to sophisticated or complex automation systems.

Request a sample to get extensive insights into the Linear Motor Market

Linear Motor Market: Dynamics

Servo Components and Systems Ltd has designed a new direct drive called Green Drive Actuator (a combination of speed and rugged operations), which can control the ball screw and provide increased reliability to direct drive linear motors. The actuator operates at a speed of up to 5 m/s, with a positional reliability of 50 microns, which makes it suitable for several industrial applications.

Copley Controls Corp provides a range of AC- and DC-powered digital drives for use in servo and stepper motors called New Plus Servo Drives. Safe torque-off capability of these drives eliminates the complex wiring used in traditional safety applications. New Plus Servo Drives use metal enclosures that ensure the maximum level of noise immunity.

Due to technological innovations in direct drives, the demand for linear motors is increasing in various industrial applications. This, in turn, is boosting the global linear motor market. The impact of this driver is expected to remain high during the forecast period

One of the major issues associated with linear motors is their high cost and the complex design of electromagnets used in them. Generally, more powerful electromagnets are required to lift and move one magnet over another, which consumes a large amount of electric power. Linear motors use superconducting magnets to overcome this issue. As for dynamic applications, linear motors are energy efficient and they can attain high speed. For this purpose, superconducting magnets are used to attain low temperatures, which reduces the power consumption, thereby preventing thermal wear and tear of motors. Use of electromagnets with such complex designs is restraining the global linear motor market. Thus, high costs and complex designs of electromagnets used in linear motors are major restraining factors for the global linear motor market. The impact of this driver is expected to remain high during the forecast period.

To understand how our report can bring difference to your business strategy, Ask for a brochure

Linear Motor Market: Prominent Regions

In terms of revenue, Asia Pacific dominates the global linear motor market. The market in the region is estimated to expand at the maximum CAGR of 6.32% during the forecast period and reach more than US$ 1 Bn by 2027. This is attributable to the fact that players operating in end-user industries in the region such as electronics & assembly, semiconductor, and machine tools directly contact OEMs for their specific requirements for linear motors. Increasing adoption of linear motors in Asia Pacific is expected to offer lucrative opportunities to vendors, especially in the electronics & assembly industry during the forecast period. In terms of revenue, the North America market is expected to expand at a sluggish rate during the forecast period. This is due to the presence of various manufacturing industries in the region, which use robots based on linear motors for product manufacture. Other regions such as Europe witness presence of various industries that require linear motors such as automotive, manufacturing, machine tools (metal forming & metal cutting), and packaging & labeling.

Linear Motor Market: Key Players

Key players operating in the global linear motor market are Aerotech, ANCA Group, BOSCH Rexroth, ETEL S.A., FANUC Corporation, Hiwin Corporation, Jenney Science AG, KML Linear Motion Technology GmbH, Kollmorgen Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Moog Inc., NTI AG LinMot, Oswald Elektromotoren GmbH, Parker-Hannifin Corporation, Piezo Motor Uppsala AB, Rockwell Automation, Inc., Sodick Co. Ltd., and Yaskawa Electric Corporation.

Global Linear Motor Market: Segmentation

Linear Motor Market, by Design

Flat-bed

U-channel

Cylindrical

Linear Motor Market, by Sales Channel

Direct OEMs

Direct System Integrators

Distributors

Linear Motor Market, by Axis

Single-axis

Multi-axis

Linear Motor Market, by Application

Electronics & Assembly

Food & Beverages

Medical & Scientific

Metrology

Flat-panel Displays

Machine Tools (Metal Forming and Metal Cutting)

Packaging & Labeling

Printing

Robotics

Non-industrial

Semiconductor

Others

Linear Motor Market, by Region

U.S.

Canada

Rest of North America

U.K.

Italy

France

Rest of Europe

Japan

China

India

Rest of APAC

GCC Countries

South Africa

Rest of Middle East & Africa

Brazil

Rest of South America

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[siva3155]

400+ TOP ELECTRICAL Engineering Interview Questions and Answers Pdf- EEE

ELECTRICAL Engineering Interview Questions with Answers free download - EEE :-

CLICK HERE ----> ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MCQs 1. What is electric traction? Electric traction means using the electric power for traction system (i.e. for railways,trams, trolleys etc). Electric traction means use of the electricity for all the above machines. Now a days, magnetic traction is also used for bullet trains.and basically dc motors are used for electric traction systems. 2. How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v AC/DC without using any choke/Coil? It’s possible by means of Electronic chokes,otherwise it’s not possible to ionize the particles in tube light with normal voltage. 3. What is “pu” in electrical engineering? Pu stands for per unit and this will be used in single line diagram of power distribution and it is like a huge electrical circuit with no of components (generators, transformers, loads) with different ratings (in MVA and KV). To bring all the ratings into common platform we use pu concept in which, in general largest MVA and KV ratings of the component is considered as base values, then all other component ratings will get back into this basis.Those values are called as pu values. (p.u=actual value/base value). 4. Operation carried out in Thermal power stations? The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is obtained this steam is allowed to hit the turbine , the turbine which is coupled with the generator generates the electricity. 5. Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit? Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various connection are taken for the individual control circuit and so it is given in a link form to withstand high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any malfunction happen the fuse connected in the particular control circuit alone will blow off.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Interview Questions 6. How tube light circuit is connected and how it works? A choke is connected in one end of the tube light and a starter is in series with the circuit. When supply is provided ,the starter will interrupt the supply cycle of AC. Due to the sudden change of supply the chock will generate around 1000 volts . This volt will capable of to break the electrons inside the tube to make electron flow. once the current passes through the tube the starter circuit will be out of part. now there is no change of supply causes choke voltage normalized and act as minimize the current. 7. whats is MARX CIRCUIT? It is used with generators for charging a number of capacitor in parallel and discharging them in series.It is used when voltage required for testing is higher than the available. 8. What is encoder, how it function? An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a bit stream) or data into a code. The code may serve any of a number of purposes such as compressing information for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input code, or translating from one code to another. This is usually done by means of a programmed algorithm,especially if any part is digital, while most analog encoding is done with analog circuitry. 9. What are the advantages of speed control using thyristor? Advantages : Fast Switching Characteristics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT Low cost Higher Accurate. 10. Why Human body feel Electric shock ?? n in an Electric train during running , We did nt feel any Shock ? why? Unfortunately our body is a pretty good conductor of electricity, The golden rule is Current takes the lowest resistant path if you have insulation to our feet as the circuit is not complete (wearing rubber footwear which doing some repairs is advisable as our footwear is a high resistance path not much current flows through our body).The electric train is well insulated from its electrical system. 11. what is the principle of motor? Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce turning or twisting movement is called as torque. 12. Why, when birds sit on transmission lines or current wires doesn’t get shock? Its true that if birds touch the single one line (phase or neutral) they don’t get electrical shock… if birds touch 2 lines than the circuit is closed and they get electrical shock.. so if a human touch single one line(phase) then he doesn’t get shock if he is in the air (not touching – standing on the ground if he is standing on the ground then touching the line (phase) he will get a shock because the ground on what we standing is like line (ground bed – like neutral)? and in the most of electric lines the neutral is grounded..so that means that human who touch the line closes the circuit between phase and neutral. 13. what is meant by armature reaction? The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The armature flux may support main flux or opposes main flux. 14. what happen if we give 220 volts dc supply to d bulb r tube light? Bulbs for AC are designed to operate such that it offers high impedance to AC supply. Normally they have low resistance. When DC supply is applied, due to low resistance, the current through lamp would be so high that it may damage the bulb element. 15. Which motor has high Starting Torque and Staring current DC motor, Induction motor or Synchronous motor? DC Series motor has high starting torque. We can not start the Induction motor and Synchronous motors on load, but can not start the DC series motor without load. 16. what is ACSR cable and where we use it? ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used in transmission & distribution. 17. What is vacuum circuit breaker.define with cause and where be use it Device? A breaker is normally used to break a circuit. while breaking the circuit, the contact terminals will be separated. At the time of separation an air gap is formed in between the terminals. Due to existing current flow the air in the gap is ionized and results in the arc. various mediums are used to quench this arc in respective CB’s. but in VCB the medium is vacuum gas. since the air in the CB is having vacuum pressure the arc formation is interrupted. VCB’s can be used up to kv. 18. What will happen when power factor is leading in distribution of power? If their is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to one: losses in form of heat will be reduced, cable becomes less bulky and easy to carry, and very cheap to afford, & it also reduces over heating of transformers. 19. whats the one main difference between UPS & inverter ? And electrical engineering & electronics engineering ? uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to ups VA it gives backup. ups is also two types : on line and offline . online ups having high volt and amp for long time backup with with high dc voltage.but ups start with 2v dc with 7 amp. but inverter is start with 2v,24,dc to 36v dc and 20amp to 80amp battery with long time backup. 20. What is 2 phase motor? A two phase motor is a motor with the the starting winding and the running winding have a phase split. e.g;ac servo motor.where the auxiliary winding and the control winding have a phase split of 90 degree. 21. Advantages of vvvf drives over non vvvf drives for EOT cranes? smooth start and stop. no jerking of load. exact positioning better protection for motor. high/low speed selection. reliability of break shoe. programmable break control. easy circuitry reduction in controls increases motor life 22. What is the significance of vector grouping in Power Transformers? Every power transformer has a vector group listed by its manufacturer. Fundamentally it tells you the information about how the windings are connected (delta or wye) and the phace difference between the current and voltage. EG. DYN means Delta primary, Wye Secondry and the current is at o clock referred to the voltage. 23. Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan (ceiling fan, exhaust fan, pedestal fan, bracket fan etc) which are find in the houses ? Its Single Phase induction motor which mostly squirrel cage rotor and are capacitor start capacitor run. 24. Give two basic speed control scheme of DC shunt motor? By using flux control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the field winding to control the field current.so by changing the current the flux produced by the field winding can be changed, and since speed is inversely proportional to flux speed can be controlled .armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across armature winding by varying the resistance the value of resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied,and since speed is directly proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be controlled. 25. what is the principle of motor? Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce turning or twisting movement is called as torque. 26. what is meant by armature reaction? The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The armature flux may support main flux or opposes main flux. 27. Give two basic speed control scheme of DC shunt motor? By using flux control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the field winding to control the field current.so by changing the current the flux produced by the field winding can be changed, and since speed is inversely proportional to flux speed can be controlled .armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across armature wdg.by varying the resistance the value of resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied,and since speed is directly proportional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be controlled. 28. what is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous generator? In simple, synchronous generator supply’s both active and reactive power but asynchronous generator(induction generator) supply’s only active power and observe reactive power for magnetizing.This type of generators are used in windmills. 29. What is the Polarization index value ? (pi value)and simple definition of polarization index ? Its ratio between insulation resistance(IR)i.e meggar value for 0min to insulation resistance for min. It ranges from 5-7 for new motors & normally for motor to be in good condition it should be Greater than .5 . 30. Why syn. generators are used for the production of electricity? synchronous machines have capability to work on different power factor(or say different imaginary power varying the field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the production of electricity. 31. What is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous generator? In simple, synchronous generator supply’s both active and reactive power but asynchronous generator(induction generator) supply’s only active power and observe reactive power for magnetizing.This type of generators are used in windmills. 32. 1 ton is equal to how many watts? 1 ton = 12000 BTU/hr and to convert BTU/hr to horsepower, 12,000 * 0.000929 = 4.715 hp therefore 1 ton = 4.715*.746 = .5 KW. 33. why syn. generators r used for the production of electricity? synchronous machines have capability to work on different power factor(or say different imaginary pow varying the field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the production of electricity. 34. Enlist types of dc generator? D.C.Generators are classified into two types: separately excited d.c.generator self excited d.c.generator, which is further classified into;1)series 2)shunt and compound(which is further classified into cumulative and differential). 35. What is Automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)? AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.It is important part in Synchronous Generators, it controls the output voltage of the generator by controlling its excitation current. Thus it can control the output Reactive Power of the Generator. 36. What is an exciter and how does it work? There are two types of exciters, static exciter and rotory exciter.purpose of excitor is to supply the excitation dc voltage to the fixed poles of generator.Rotory excitor is an additional small generator mounted on the shaft of main generator. if it is dc generator, it will supply dc to the rotory poles through slip ring and brushes( conventional alternator). if it is an ac excitor, out put of ac excitor is rectified by rotating diodes and supply dc to main fixed poles.ac excitor is the ac generator whose field winding are stationary and armature rotates. initial voltage is built up by residual magnetism.It gives the starting torque to the generator. 37. Difference between a four point starter and three point starter? The shunt connection in four point stater is provided separately form the line where as in three point stater it is connected with line which is the drawback in three point stater 38. Why use the VCB at High Transmission System ? Why can’t use ACB? Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc quenching property compare to air because in VCB ,the die electric strengths equal to 8 times of air . That y always vacuum used as inHT breaker and air used as in LT . 39. What is the difference between surge arrestor and lightning arrestor? LA is installed outside and the effect of lightning is grounded,where as surge arrestor installed inside panels comprising of resistors which consumes the energy and nullify the effect of surge. 40. What happens if i connect a capacitor to a generator load? Connecting a capacitor across a generator always improves power factor,but it will help depends up on the engine capacity of the alternator,other wise the alternator will be over loaded due to the extra watts consumed due to the improvement on pf. Secondly, don’t connect a capacitor across an alternator while it is picking up or without any other load. 41. Why the capacitors works on ac only? Generally capacitor gives infinite resistance to dc components(i.e., block the dc components). it allows the ac components to pass through. 42. Explain the working principal of the circuit breaker? Circuit Breaker is one which makes or breaks the circuit.It has two contacts namely fixed contact & moving contact.under normal condition the moving contact comes in contact with fixed contact thereby forming the closed contact for the flow of current. During abnormal & faulty conditions(when current exceeds the rated value) an arc is produced between the fixed & moving contacts & thereby it forms the open circuit Arc is extinguished by the Arc Quenching media like air, oil, vacuum etc. 43. How many types of colling system it transformers? ONAN (oil natural,air natural) ONAF (oil natural,air forced) OFAF (oil forced,air forced) ODWF (oil direct,water forced) OFAN (oil forced,air forced) 44. Define What is the function of anti-pumping in circuit breaker? when breaker is close at one time by close push button,the anti pumping contactor prevent re close the breaker by close push button after if it already close. 45. What is stepper motor.what is its uses? Stepper motor is the electrical machine which act upon input pulse applied to it. it is one type of synchronous motor which runs in steps in either direction instead of running in complete cycle.so, in automation parts it is used. 46. How to calculate capacitor bank value to maintain unity power factor with some suitable example? KVAR= KW(TAN(COS(-1)#e)- TAN(COS(-1)#d) ) #e= EXISTING P.F. #d= DESIRED P.F. 47. Tell me in detail about c.t. and p.t. ?(Company:reliance) The term C.T means current transformer,and the term P.T means potential transformer.In circuit where measurements of high voltage and high current is involved they are used there.Particularly when a measuring device like voltmeter or ammeter is not able to measure such high value of quantity because of large value of torque due to such high value it can damage the measuring device.so, CT and PT are introduced in the circuits. They work on the same principle of transformer, which is based on linkage of electromagnetic flux produced by primary with secondary.They work on the ratio to they are designed.E.g if CTis of ratio 50005A and it has to measure secondary current of 8000A.then ANS=8000*55000=8Aand this result will be given to ammeter .and after measuring 8A we can calculate the primary current.same is the operation of PT but measuring voltage. 48. There are a Transformer and an induction machine. Those two have the same supply. For which device the load current will be maximum? And why? The motor has max load current compare to that of transformer because the motor consumes real power.. and the transformer is only producing the working flux and its not consuming.. hence the load current in the transformer is because of core loss so it is minimum. 49. What is power factor? whether it should be high or low? why? Power factor should be high in order to get smooth operation of the system.Low power factor means losses will be more.it is the ratio of true power to apparent power. it has to be ideally 1. if it is too low then cable over heating & equipment overloading will occur. if it is greater than 1 then load will act as capacitor and starts feeding the source and will cause tripping.(if pf is poor ex: 0.17 to meet actual power load has to draw more current(V constant),result in more losses if pf is good ex: 0.95 to meet actual power load has to draw less current(V constant),result in less losses). 50. What is the difference between Isolator and Circuit Breaker? Isolator is a off load device which is used for isolating the downstream circuits from upstream circuits for the reason of any maintenance on downstream circuits. it is manually operated and does not contain any solenoid unlike circuit breaker. it should not be operated while it is having load. first the load on it must be made zero and then it can safely operated. its specification only rated current is given.But circuit breaker is onload automatic device used for breaking the circuit in case of abnormal conditions like short circuit, overload etc., it is having three specification 1 is rated current and 2 is short circuit breaking capacity and 3 is instantaneous tripping current. 51. what is boucholz relay and the significance of it in to the transformer? Boucholz relay is a device which is used for the protection of transformer from its internal faults, it is a gas based relay. whenever any internal fault occurs in a transformer, the boucholz relay at once gives a horn for some time, if the transformer is isolated from the circuit then it stop its sound itself other wise it trips the circuit by its own tripping mechanism. 52. What is SF6 Circuit Breaker? SF6 is Sulpher hexa Flouride gas.. if this gas is used as arc quenching medium in a Circuitbreaker means SF6 CB. 53. What is frantic effect? Output voltage is greater than the input voltage or receiving end voltage is greater than the sending end voltage. 54. What is meant by insulation voltage in cables? explain it? It is the property of a cable by virtue of it can withstand the applied voltage without rupturing it is known as insulation level of the cable. 55. Why we do 2 types of earthing on transformer (ie:)body earthing & neutral earthing , what is function. i am going to install a oo kva transformer & 380 kva DG set what should the earthing value? The two types of earthing are Familiar as Equipment earthing and system earthing. In Equipment earthing: body ( non conducting part)of the equipment shouldd be earthed to safegaurd the human beings.system Earthing : In this neutral of the supply source ( Transformer or Generator) should be grounded. With this,in case of unbalanced loading neutral will not be shifted.so that unbalanced voltages will not arise. We can protect the equipment also. With size of the equipment( transformer or alternator)and selection of relying system earthing will be further classified into directly earthed,Impedance earthing, resistive (NGRs) earthing. 56. What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used? MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for short circuit protection in small current rating circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and under frequency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used where normal current is more than 100A. 57. Where should the lighting arrestor be placed in distribution lines? Near distribution transformers and out going feeders of 11kv and incomming feeder of 33kv and near power transformers in sub-stations. 58. Define IDMT relay? It is an inverse definite minimum time relay.In IDMT relay its operating is inversely proportional and also a characteristic of minimum time after which this relay operates.It is inverse in the sense ,the tripping time will decrease as the magnitude of fault current increase. 59. What are the transformer losses? TRANSFORMER LOSSES – Transformer losses have two sources-copper loss and magnetic loss. Copper losses are caused by the resistance of the wire (I2R). Magnetic losses are caused by eddy currents and hysteresis in the core. Copper loss is a constant after the coil has been wound and therefore a measurable loss. Hysteresis loss is constant for a particular voltage and current. Eddy-current loss, however, is different for each frequency passed through the transformer. 60. What is the count of hvdc transmission lines in India? Resolution:At present there are three hvdc transmission lines in india chandrapur to padghe(mumbai)–(100 MW at ±00 kV DC) rehand to delhi (100 MW at ±00 kV DC) talchal to kolar (200 MW) 61. What is meant by regenerative braking? Resolution:When the supply is cutt off for a running motor, it still continue running due to inertia. In order to stop it quickly we place a load(resitor) across the armature winding and the motor should have maintained continuous field supply. so that back e.m.f voltage is made to apply across the resistor and due to load the motor stops quickly.This type of breaking is called as “Regenerative Breaking”. 62. Why is the starting current high in a DC motor? Resolution:In DC motors, Voltage equation is V=Eb-IaRa (V = Terminal voltage,Eb = Back emf in Motor,Ia = Armature current,Ra = Aramture resistance).At starting, Eb is zero. Therefore, V=IaRa, Ia = V/Ra ,where Ra is very less like 0.01ohm.i.e, Ia will become enormously increased. 63. What are the advantages of star-delta starter with induction motor? Resolution: (1). The main advantage of using the star delta starter is reduction of current during the starting of the motor.Starting current is reduced to 3-4 times Of current of Direct online starting. (2). Hence the starting current is reduced , the voltage drops during the starting of motor in systems are reduced. 64. Why Delta Star Transformers are used for Lighting Loads? Resolution:For lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary must be star winding. and this lighting load is always unbalanced in all three phases. To minimize the current unbalance in the primary we use delta winding in the primary. So delta / star transformer is used for lighting loads. 65. Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thicker and longer than the other pins? Resolution:It depends upon R=rho l/a where area(a) is inversely proportional to resistance (R), so if (a) increases, R decreases & if R is less the leakage current will take low resistance path so the earth pin should be thicker. It is longer because the The First to make the connection and Last to disconnnect should be earth Pin. This assures Safety for the person who uses the electrical instrument. 66. Why series motor cannot be started on no-load? Resolution:Series motor cannot be started without load because of high starting torque. Series motor are used in Trains, Crane etc. 67. Why ELCB can’t work if N input of ELCB do not connect to ground? Resolution:ELCB is used to detect earth leakage fault. Once the phase and neutral are connected in an ELCB, the current will flow through phase and that much current will have to return neutral so resultant current is zero. Once there is a ground fault in the load side, current from phase will directly pass through earth and it will not return through neutral through ELCB. That means once side current is going and not returning and hence because of this difference in current ELCB wil trip and it will safe guard the other circuits from faulty loads. If the neutral is not grounded, fault current will definitely high and that full fault current will come back through ELCB, and there will be no difference in current. 68. How electrical power is generated by an A.C Generator? For the generation of elect power we need a prime mover which supplies mechanical power input to the alternator, can be steam turbines,or hydro turbines .When poles of the rotor moves under the armature conductors which are placed on the stator ,field flux cut the armature conductor ,therefore voltage is generated and is of sinusoidal in nature…due to polarity change of rotor poles(i,e) N-S-N-S. 69. Why an ac solenoid valve attract the plunger even though we interchanges the terminal? Will the poles changes? Yes because the poles changes for every half-cycle of ac voltage so the polarity of AC voltage is continuously changing for every half cycle. so, interchanging of terminals in ac system does not show any difference. That’s why the ac solenoid attract the plunger even though it’s terminals are interchanged. 70. What is derating?, why it is necessary, it is same for all means for drives, motors,and cables. The current currying of cables will change depending upon the site temperature (location of site), type of run (it will run through duct, trench, buried etc.), number of tray, depth of trench, distance between cables. Considering this condition actual current currying capacity of cable reduce than current currying capacity (which given to cable Catalogue) this is called derating. 71. Why temperature rise is conducted in bus bars and isolators? Bus bars and isolators are rated for continuous power flow, that means they carry heavy currents which rises their temperature. so it is necessary to test this devices for temperature rise. 72. When voltage increases then current also increases then what is the need of over voltage relay and over current relay? Can we measure over voltage and over current by measuring current only? No.We can’t sense the over voltage by just measuring the current only because the current increases not only for over voltages but also for under voltage(As most of the loads are non-linear in nature).So,the over voltage protection & over current protection are completely different. Over voltage relay meant for sensing over voltages & protect the system from insulation break down and firing. Over current relay meant for sensing any internal short circuit, over load condition ,earth fault thereby reducing the system failure & risk of fire.So, for a better protection of the system.It should have both over voltage & over current relay. 73. If one lamp connects between two phases it will glow or not? If the voltage between the two phase is equal to the lamp voltage then the lamp will glow. When the voltage difference is big it will damage the lamp and when the difference is smaller the lamp will glow depending on the type of lamp. 74. How do you select a cable size (Cu & Al) for a particular load? At first calculate the electrical current of the load, after that derate the electrical current considering derating factor(depending on site condition and laying of cable) after choose the cable size from cable catalog considering derating electrical current.After that measure the length of cable required from supply point of load to load poin. Calculate the voltage drop which will max 3% (resistance and reactance of cable found from cable catalog of selecting cable) if voltage drop>3% then choose next higher size of cable. 75. What are HRC fuses and where it is used? HRC stand for “high rupturing capacity” fuse and it is used in distribution system for electrical transformers. 76. Which power plant has high load factor? All base load power plants have a high load factor. If we use high efficiency power plants to supply the base load,we can reduce the cost of generation.Hydel power plants have a higher efficiency than thermal & nuclear power plants. 77. Mention the methods for starting an induction motor? The different methods of starting an induction motor DOL:direct online starter Star delta starter Auto transformer starter Resistance starter Series reactor starter 78. What is the difference between earth resistance and earth electrode resistance? Only one of the terminals is evident in the earth resistance. In order to find the second terminal we should recourse to its definition: Earth Resistance is the resistance existing between the electrically accessible part of a buried electrode and another point of the earth, which is far away. The resistance of the electrode has the following components: (A) the resistance of the metal and that of the connection to it. (B) the contact resistance of the surrounding earth to the electrode. 79. Explain What is use of lockout relay in ht voltage? A lock-out relay is generally placed in line before or after the e-stop switch so the power can be shut off at one central location. This relay is powered by the same electrical source as the control power and is operated by a key lock switch. The relay itself may have up to 24 contact points within the unit itself. This allows the control power for multiple machines to be locked out by the turn of a single key switch. 80. What is the power factor of an alternator at no load? At no load Synchronous Impedance of the alternator is responsible for creating angle difference. So it should be zero lagging like inductor. 81. Explain How to determine capacitor tolerance codes? Resolution:In electronic circuits, the capacitor tolerance can be determined by a code that appears on the casing. The code is a letter that often follows a three-digit number (such as 130Z).The first two are the 1st and 2nd significant digits and the third is a multiplier code. Most of the time the last digit tells you how many zeros to write after the first two digits and these are read as Pico-Farads. 82. Why most of analog o/p devices having o/p range 4 to 20 mA and not 0 to 20 mA? Resolution:4-20 mA is a standard range used to indicate measured values for any process. The reason that 4ma is chosen instead of 0 mA is for fail safe operation .For example- a pressure instrument gives output 4mA to indicate 0 psi, up to 20 mA to indicate 100 psi, or full scale. Due to any problem in instrument (i.e) broken wire, its output reduces to 0 mA. So if range is 0-20 mA then we can differentiate whether it is due to broken wire or due to 0 psi. 83. Two bulbs of 100w and 40w respectively connected in series across a 230v supply which bulb will glow bright and why? Resolution:Since two bulbs are in series they will get equal amount of electrical current but as the supply voltage is constant across the bulb(P=V^2/R).So the resistance of 40W bulb is greater and voltage across 40W is more (V=IR) so 40W bulb will glow brighter. 84. What is meant by knee point voltage? Resolution:Knee point voltage is calculated for electrical Current transformers and is very important factor to choose a CT. It is the voltage at which a CT gets saturated.(CT-current transformer). 85. What is reverse power relay? Resolution:Reverse Power flow relay are used in generating stations’s protection. A generating stations is supposed to fed power to the grid and in case generating units are off,there is no generation in the plant then plant may take power from grid. To stop the flow of power from grid to generator we use reverse power relay. 86. What will happen if DC supply is given on the primary of a transformer? Resolution:Mainly transformer has high inductance and low resistance.In case of DC supply there is no inductance ,only resistance will act in the –> electrical circuit. So high electrical current will flow through primary side of the transformer.So for this reason coil and insulation will burn out. 87. What is the difference between isolators and –>electrical circuit breakers? What is bus-bar? Resolution:Isolators are mainly for switching purpose under normal conditions but they cannot operate in fault conditions .Actually they used for isolating the CBs for maintenance. Whereas CB gets activated under fault conditions according to the fault detected.Bus bar is nothing but a junction where the power is getting distributed for independent loads. 88. What are the advantage of free wheeling diode in a Full Wave rectifier? Resolution:It reduces the harmonics and it also reduces sparking and arching across the mechanical switch so that it reduces the voltage spike seen in a inductive load 89. What is the function of interposing current transformer? Resolution:The main function of an interposing current transformer is to balance the currents supplied to the relay where there would otherwise be an imbalance due to the ratios of the main current transformers. Interposing current transformer are equipped with a wide range of taps that can be selected by the user to achieve the balance required. 90. What are Motor Generator Sets and explain the different ways the motor generator set can be used ? Resolution:Motor Generator Sets are a combination of an electrical generator and an engine mounted together to form a single piece of equipment. Motor generator set is also referred to as a genset, or more commonly, a generator. The motor generator set can used in the following different ways: Alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) DC to AC DC at one voltage to DC at another voltage AC at one frequency to AC at another harmonically-related frequency 91. Define what is power quality meter ? Power Quality meters are common in many industrial environment. Small units are now available for home use as well. They give operators the ability to monitor the both perturbations on the power supply, as well as power used within a building, or by a single machine or appliance. In some situations, equipment function and operation is monitored and controlled from a remote location where communication is via modem, or highspeed communication lines.So we can understand the importance of power measurement through power quality meters. 92. What is the different between digital phase converter and ordinary phase converter? Digital phase converter are a recent development in phase converter technology that utilizes proprietary software in a powerful microprocessor to control solid state power switching components. This microprocessor, called a digital signal processor (DSP), monitors the phase conversion process, continually adjusting the input and output modules of the converter to maintain perfectly balanced three-phase power under all load conditions. 93. Explain the operation of variable frequency transformer? A variable frequency transformer is used to transmit electricity between two asynchronous alternating current domains. A variable frequency transformer is a doubly-fed electric machine resembling a vertical shaft hydroelectric generator with a three-phase wound rotor, connected by slip rings to one external ac power circuit. A direct-current torque motor is mounted on the same shaft. Changing the direction of torque applied to the shaft changes the direction of power flow; with no applied torque, the shaft rotates due to the difference in frequency between the networks connected to the rotor and stator.The variable frequency transformer behaves as a continuously adjustable phase-shifting transformer. It allows control of the power flow between two networks . 94. What is the main use of rotary phase converter ? Rotary phase converter will be converting single phase power into true balanced 3 phase power,so it is often called as single phase to three phase converter . Often the advantages of 3 phase motors, and other 3 phase equipment, make it worthwhile to convert single phase to 3 phase so that small and large consumers need not want to pay for the extra cost of a 3 phase service but may still wish to use 3 phase equipment. 95. Use of switch mode power converter in real-time basis? Switch mode power converter can be used in the following 5 different ways step down an unregulated dc input voltage to produce a regulated dc output voltage using a circuit known as Buck Converter or Step-Down SMPS, step up an unregulated dc input voltage to produce a regulated dc output voltage using a circuit known as Boost Converter or Step-Up SMPS, step up or step down an unregulated dc input voltage to produce a regulated dc output voltage, invert the input dc voltage using usually a circuit such as the Cuk converter, and produce multiple dc outputs using a circuit such as the fly-back converter. 96. Which type of oil is used as a transformer oil? Transformer oil, or insulating oil, is usually a highly-refined mineral oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. It is used in oil filled transformers, some types of high voltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts, and some types of high voltage switches and circuit breakers. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona and arcing, and to serve as a coolant. Well into the 170s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)s were often used as a dielectric fluid since they are not flammable. They are toxic, and under incomplete combustion, can form highly toxic products such as furan. Starting in the early 170s, concerns about the toxicity of PCBs have led to their banning in many countries. Today, non-toxic, stable silicon-based or fluoridated hydrocarbons are used, where the added expense of a fireresistant liquid offsets additional building cost for a transformer vault. Combustion-resistant vegetable oil-based dielectric coolants and synthetic pentaerythritol tetra fatty acid (C7, C8) esters are also becoming increasingly common as alternatives to naphthenic mineral oil. Esters are non-toxic to aquatic life, readily biodegradable, and have a lower volatility and higher flash points than mineral oil. 97. If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125 MVA step up transformer, then what will be the Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV? As we know the Voltage & current relation for transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1 We Know, VI= 540 V; V2=11KV or 11000 V; I1= 2334 Amps. By putting these value on Relation- 540/11000= I2/2334 So,I2 = 114.5 Amps 98. what are the points to be consider for MCB(miniature circuit breaker selection? I(L)*1.25=I(MAX) maximum current. Mcb specification are done on maximum current flow in circuit. 99. What is the full form of KVAR? We know there are three types of power in Electrical as Active, apparent & reactive. So KVAR is stand for “Kilo Volt Amps with Reactive component. 100. What is excitation? Excitation is applying an external voltage to DC shunt coil in DC motors. ELECTRICAL Interview Questions :: 101. In three pin plug 6 Amp. 220v AC rating. why earth pin diameter is higher than other two pin? what its purpose ? Because Current flow in the conductor is inversely proportional to the conductor diameter. So if any short circuits occur in the system first high currents bypassed in the Earthling terminal.( R=Pl/a area of the conductor increases resistance value decreases) 102. Difference between megger test equipment and contact resistance meter test instruments? Megger test equipment used to measure cable electric resistance, conductor continuity, phase identification where as contact resistance meter test instruments used to measure low resistance like relays ,contactors. 103. When we connect the large capacitor bank in series ? we connect large capacitor bank in series to improve the voltage power supply at the load end in balanced transmission line when there is considerable voltage drop along the balanced transmission line due to high impedance of the line.So in order to bring the voltage at the load terminals within its limits (i.e (+ or – %6 )of the rated high terminal voltage )the large capacitor bank is used in series. 104. What is electrical diversity factor in electrical installations? Electrical diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of the individual maximum demands of the various subdivisions of a system, or part of a system, to the maximum demand of the whole system, or part of the system, under consideration. Electrical diversity factor is usually more than one. 105. Why field rheostat is kept in minimum position while armature rheostat at maximum position? In motors at the time of starting the armature resistance is introduced to reduce the high starting current and the field resistance is kept minimum to have high starting torque. 106. Why computer humming sound occurred in HT transmission line? This computer humming sound is coming due to ionization (breakdown of air into charged particles) of air around transmission conductor. This effect is called as Corona effect, and it is considered as power loss. 107. Explain What is rated speed? At the time of motor taking normal current (rated current)the speed of the motor is called rated speed. It is a speed at which any system take small current and give maximum efficiency. 108. What is different between resistance grounding system and resistance earthing system? Resistance grounding system means connecting the neutral point of the load to the ground to carry the residual current in case of unbalanced conditions through the neutral to the ground whereas resistance earthing system is done in an electric equipment in order to protect he equipment in occurrence of fault in the system. 109. Why should be the frequency 50 Hz 60Hz only why not others like 45, 95 56 or anything , why should we maintain the frequency constant if so why it is only 50 Hz 60Hz? We can have the frequency at any frequency you like, but than you must also make your own motors,high voltage transformers or any other equipment you want to use.We maintain the frequency at 50hz or 60hz because the world maintains a standard at 50 /60hz and the equipments are are made to operate at these frequency. 110. How to determine alternating current frequency? Zero crossings of the sine wave to trigger a monostable (pulse generator) is a way to determine alternating current frequency. A fixed width pulse is generated for each cycle. Thus there are “n” pulses per second, each with with a constant energy. The more pulses there are per second, the more the energy. The pulses are integrated (filtered or averaged) to get a steady DC voltage which is proportional to frequency. This voltage can then be displayed on an analogue or digital voltmeter, indicating frequency. This method is more suitable than a direct counter, as it can get good accuracy in a second or so. 111. Why electricity in India is in the multiples of 11 like 11kv, 22kv, 33kv ? Transformer Induced voltage equation contains 4.44 factor. E=4.44*f*T*phi E -Induced emf per phase T -number of turns f -frequency phi -maximum flux per pole From the equation we see that E is proportional to 4.4 and it is in turn multiple of 11. So always transmission voltage is multiple of 11 112. Why we use ac system in India why not dc ? Firstly, the output of power stations comes from a rotary turbine, which by it’s nature is AC and therefore requires no power electronics to convert to DC. Secondly it is much easier to change the voltage of AC electricity for transmission and distribution. thirdly the cost of plant associated with AC transmission (circuit breakers, transformers etc) is much lower than the equivilant of DC transmission AC transmission provides a number of technical advantages. When a fault on the network occurs, a large fault current occurs. In an AC system this becomes much easier to interupt, as the sine wave current will naturally tend to zero at some point making the current easier to interrupt. 113. Which type of motor is used in trains, what is the rating of supply used explain Working principal? Dc series is in the trains to get high starting torque while starting of the trains and operating voltage is 1500v dc. 114. Battery banks are in connected in series or parallel and why? Battery banks are always connected in series in order to get a multiplied voltage where the AH or current capacity remaining same. Ex : 24 nos. 2V,200Ah batteries connected in series will give 48V,200Ah output (AH = Ampere hours) 115. What is inrush current? Inrush current is the current drawn by a piece of electrically operated equipment when power is first applied. It can occur with AC or DC powered equipment, and can happen even with low supply voltages. 116. In a Tap changing transformer where is the tap connected, is it connected in the primary side or secondary side? Tapings are connected to high voltage winding side, because of low current. If we connect tapings to low voltage side, sparks will produce while tap changing operation due to high current. 117. Why transformer ratings are in kva? Since the power factor of transformer is dependent on load we only define VA rating and does not include power factor .In case of motors, power factor depend on construction and hence rating of motors is in KWatts and include power factor. 118. Define what is difference between fuse and breaker? Fuses are burned at the time of over current flows in the circuit but breakers are just open(not burn) at the time of over current flow. Fuses are used in only one time but breakers are used by multiple number of times. 119. What is the difference between delta-delta, delta-star transformer? Delta-delta transformer is used at generating station or a receiving station for Change of Voltage (i,e) generally it is used where the Voltage is high & Current is low.Delta-star is a distribution kind of transformer where from secondary star neutral is taken as a return path and this configuration is used for Step down voltage phenomena. 120. Capacitor is load free component but why ampere meter shows current when capacitor bank breaker close? As we know that Electrical is having two type of load, Active and Reactive .Capacitor is a reactive load which is not considering as a load,& its factor is Isin@ .Meter is design based on Current RMS value because of it meter is showing the current RMS value. 121. What’s electric traction? Traction implies with the electric power for traction system i. e. for railways, trams, trolleys etc. electric traction implies use of the electricity for all these. Now a day, magnetic traction is also utilised for bullet trains. Essentially dc motors are utilized for electric traction systems. 122. What is “pu” in EE? Pu stands for per unit in power system. (pu = actual value/ base value) 123. Define stepper motor. What is the use of stepper motor? The motor which work or act on the applied input pulse in it, is called as stepper motor.This stepper motor is under the category of synchronous motor, which often does not fully depend of complete cycle. It likes to works in either direction related to steps. for this purpose it mainly used in automation parts. 124. What is a differential amplifier? Also, explain CMRR. Differential Amplifier: The amplifier, which is used to amplify the voltage difference between two input-lines neither of which is grounded, is called differential amplifier. This reduces the amount of noise which is injected into the amplifier, because any noise appearing simultaneously on both the input-terminals as the amplifying circuitry rejects it being a common mode signal. CMRR: It can be defined as the ratio of differential voltage-gain to common made voltage gain. If a differential amplifier is perfect, CMRR will be infinite because in that case common mode voltage gain would be zero. 125. What is use of lockout relay in ht voltage? A lock-out relay is generally placed in line before or after the e-stop switch so the power can be shut off at one central location. This relay is powered by the same electrical source as the control power which is operated by a key lock switch. The relay itself may have up to 24 contact points within the unit itself. This allows the control power for multiple machines to be locked out by the turn of a single key switch. 126. How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v AC/DC without using any choke/Coil? It’s possible with Electronic choke. otherwise it’s not possible to ionize the particles in tube. light, with normal voltage. 127. What types domain of Laplace transforms? What behavior can Laplace transform predict how the system work? Types domain of Laplace transforms is s-domain, Laplace transforms provide a method to find position, acceleration or voltage the system will have. 128. In the magnetic fluxes, what is the role of armature reaction? The armature flux has an important role for the running condition. This armature flux can oppose the main flux or it may support the main flux for better running condition. This effect of supporting and opposing of main flux to armature flux is called armature reaction. 129. Explain thin film resistors and wire-wound resistors Thin film resistors- It is constructed as a thin film of resistive material is deposited on an insulating substrate. Desired results are obtained by either trimming the layer thickness or by cutting helical grooves of suitable pitch along its length. During this process, the value of the resistance is monitored closely and cutting of grooves is stopped as soon as the desired value of resistance is obtained. Wire wound resistors – length of wire wound around an insulating cylindrical core are known as wire wound resistors. These wires are made of materials such as Constantan and Manganin because of their high resistivity, and low temperature coefficients. The complete wire wound resistor is coated with an insulating material such as baked enamel 130. whats the one main difference between UPS & inverter ? And electrical engineering & electronics engineering ? uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to ups VA it gives backup. ups is also two types : on line and offline . online ups having high volt and amp for long time backup with with high dc voltage.but ups start with v dc with 7 amp. but inverter is startwith v,24,dc to 36v dc and 0amp to 180amp battery with long time backup. 131. What are the operation carried out in Thermal power station? The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is obtained this steam is allowed to hit the turbine, the turbine which is coupled with the generator generates the electricity 132. What is the difference between Electronic regulator and ordinary rheostat regulator for fans? The difference between the electronic and ordinary regulator is the fact that in electronic reg. power losses tend to be less because as we minimize the speed the electronic reg. give the power necessary for that particular speed but in case of ordinary rheostat type reg. the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is saved. In electronic regulator triac is employed for speed control. by varying the firing angle speed is controlled but in rheostatic control resistance is decreased by steps to achievespeed control. 133. What is 2 phase motor? A two phase motor is often a motor with the the starting winding and the running winding have a phase split. e.g; ac servo motor. where the auxiliary winding and the control winding have a phase split of 90 degree. 134. What does quality factor depend on in resonance? Quality factor q depends on frequency and bandwidth. 135. What are the types of power in electrical power? There are normally three types of power are counted in electrical power. They are, Apparent power Active power Reactive power 136. What are the advantages of VSCF wind electrical system? Advantages of VSCF wind electrical system are: No complex pitch changing mechanism is needed. Aero turbine always keeps going at maximum efficiency point. Extra energy in the high wind speed region of the speed – duration curve can be extracted Significant reduction in aerodynamic stresses, which are associated with constant – speed operation. 137. What is slip in an induction motor? Slip can be defined as the distinction between the flux speed (Ns) and the rotor speed (N). Speed of the rotor of an induction motor is always less than its synchronous speed. It is usually expressed as a percentage of synchronous speed (Ns) and represented by the symbol ‘S’. 138. Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit? Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various connection are taken for the individual control circuit and so it is given in a link form to withstand high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit (i.e load) only.So if any malfunction happen the fuse connected in the particular control circuit alone will blow off. 139. State the difference between generator and alternator? Generator and alternator are two devices, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Both have the same principle of electromagnetic induction, the only difference is that their construction. Generator persists stationary magnetic field and rotating conductor which rolls on the armature with slip rings and brushes riding against each other, hence it converts the induced emf into dc current for external load whereas an alternator has a stationary armature and rotating magnetic field for high voltages but for low voltage output rotating armature and stationary magnetic field is used. 140. What is ACSR cable and where we use it? ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used in transmission & distribution. 141. Why star delta starter is preferred with induction motor? Star delta starter is preferred with induction motor due to following reasons: Starting current is reduced 3-4 times of the direct current due to which voltage drops and hence it causes less losses. Star delta starter circuit comes in circuit first during starting of motor, which reduces voltage 3 times, that is why current also reduces up to 3 times and hence less motor burning is caused. In addition, starting torque is increased and it prevents the damage of motor winding. 142. State the difference between generator and alternator Generator and alternator are two devices, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Both have the same principle of electromagnetic induction, the only difference is that their construction. Generator persists stationary magnetic field and rotating conductor which rolls on the armature with slip rings and brushes riding against each other, hence it converts the induced emf into dc current for external load whereas an alternator has a stationary armature and rotating magnetic field for high voltages but for low voltage output rotating armature and stationary magnetic field is used. 143. Why AC systems are preferred over DC systems? Due to following reasons, AC systems are preferred over DC systems: a. It is easy to maintain and change the voltage of AC electricity for transmission and distribution. b. Plant cost for AC transmission (circuit breakers, transformers etc) is much lower than the equivalent DC transmission c. From power stations, AC is produced so it is better to use AC then DC instead of converting it. d. When a large fault occurs in a network, it is easier to interrupt in an AC system, as the sine wave current will naturally tend to zero at some point making the current easier to interrupt. 144. How can you relate power engineering with electrical engineering? Power engineering is a sub division of electrical engineering. It deals with generation, transmission and distribution of energy in electrical form. Design of all power equipments also comes under power engineering. Power engineers may work on the design and maintenance of the power grid i.e. called on grid systems and they might work on off grid systems that are not connected to the system. 145. What are the various kind of cables used for transmission? Cables, which are used for transmitting power, can be categorized in three forms: Low-tension cables, which can transmit voltage upto 1000 volts. High-tension cables can transmit voltage upto 23000 volts. Super tension cables can transmit voltage 66 kV to 132 kV. 146. Why back emf used for a dc motor? highlight its significance. The induced emf developed when the rotating conductors of the armature between the poles of magnet, in a DC motor, cut the magnetic flux, opposes the current flowing through the conductor, when the armature rotates, is called back emf. Its value depends upon the speed of rotation of the armature conductors. In starting, the value of back emf is zero. 147. What is slip in an induction motor? Slip can be defined as the difference between the flux speed (Ns) and the rotor speed (N). Speed of the rotor of an induction motor is always less than its synchronous speed. It is usually expressed as a percentage of synchronous speed (Ns) and represented by the symbol ‘S’. 148. Explain the application of storage batteries. Storage batteries are used for various purposes, some of the applications are mentioned below: For the operation of protective devices and for emergency lighting at generating stations and substations. For starting, ignition and lighting of automobiles, aircrafts etc. For lighting on steam and diesel railways trains. As a supply power source in telephone exchange, laboratories and broad casting stations. For emergency lighting at hospitals, banks, rural areas where electricity supplies are not possible. 149. Explain advantages of storage batteries Few advantages of storage batteries are mentioned below: Most efficient form of storing energy portably. Stored energy is available immediately because there is no lag of time for delivering the stored energy. Reliable source for supply of energy. The energy can be drawn at a fairly constant rate. 160. What are the different methods for the starting of a synchronous motor. Starting methods: Synchronous motor can be started by the following two methods: By means of an auxiliary motor: The rotor of a synchronous motor is rotated by auxiliary motor. Then rotor poles are excited due to which the rotor field is locked with the stator-revolving field and continuous rotation is obtained. By providing damper winding: Here, bar conductors are embedded in the outer periphery of the rotor poles and are short-circuited with the short-circuiting rings at both sides. The machine is started as a squirrel cage induction motor first. When it picks up speed, excitation is given to the rotor and the rotor starts rotating continuously as the rotor field is locked with stator revolving field. 161. Name the types of motors used in vacuum cleaners, phonographic appliances, vending machines,refrigerators, rolling mills, lathes, power factor improvement and cranes. Following motors are used: – Vacuum cleaners- Universal motor. Phonographic appliances – Hysteresis motor. Vending machines – Shaded pole motor. Refrigerators – Capacitor split phase motors. Rolling mills – Cumulative motors. Lathes – DC shunt motors. Power factor improvement – Synchronous motors. 162. State Thevenin’s Theorem: According to thevenin’s theorem, the current flowing through a load resistance Connected across any two terminals of a linear active bilateral network is the ratio open circuit voltage (i.e. the voltage across the two terminals when RL is removed) and sum of load resistance and internal resistance of the network. It is given by Voc / (Ri + RL). 163. State Norton’s Theorem The Norton’s theorem explains the fact that there are two terminals and they are as follows: One is terminal active network containing voltage sources Another is the resistance that is viewed from the output terminals. The output terminals are equivalent to the constant source of current and it allows giving the parallel resistance. The Norton’s theorem also explains about the constant current that is equal to the current of the short circuit placed across the terminals. The parallel resistance of the network can be viewed from the open circuit terminals when all the voltage and current sources are removed and replaced by the internal resistance. 164. State Maximum power transfer theorem The Maximum power transfer theorem explains about the load that a resistance will extract from the network. This includes the maximum power from the network and in this case the load resistance is being is equal to the resistance of the network and it also allows the resistance to be equal to the resistance of the network. This resistance can be viewed by the output terminals and the energy sources can be removed by leaving the internal resistance behind. 165. Explain different losses in a transformer. There are two types of losses occurring in transformer: Constant losses or Iron losses: The losses that occur in the core are known as core losses or iron losses. Two types of iron losses are: 1. eddy current loss 2. Hysteresis loss. These losses depend upon the supply voltage, frequency, core material and its construction. As long as supply voltage and frequency is constant, these losses remain the same whether the transformer is loaded or not. These are also known as constant losses. Variable losses or copper losses: when the transformer is loaded, current flows in primary and secondary windings, there is loss of electrical energy due to the resistance of the primary winding, and secondary winding and they are called variable losses. These losses depend upon the loading conditions of the transformers. Therefore, these losses are also called as variable losses. 176. Explain different types of D.C motors? Give their applications Different type of DC motors and their applications are as follows:- Shunt motors: It has a constant speed though its starting torque is not very high. Therefore, it is suitable for constant speed drive, where high starting torque is not required such as pumps, blowers, fan, lathe machines, tools, belt or chain conveyor etc. Service motors: It has high starting torque & its speed is inversely proportional to the loading conditions i.e. when lightly loaded, the speed is high and when heavily loaded, it is low. Therefore, motor is used in lifts, cranes, traction work, coal loader and coal cutter in coalmines etc. Compound motors: It also has high starting torque and variable speed. Its advantage is, it can run at NIL loads without any danger. This motor will therefore find its application in loads having high inertia load or requiring high intermittent torque such as elevators, conveyor, rolling mill, planes, presses, shears and punches, coal cutter and winding machines etc. 177. Explain the process of commutation in a dc machine. Explain what are inter-poles and why they are required in a dc machine. Commutation: It is phenomenon when an armature coil moves under the influence of one pole- pair; it carries constant current in one direction. As the coil moves into the influence of the next pole- pair, the current in it must reverse. This reversal of current in a coil is called commutation. Several coils undergo commutation simultaneously. The reversal of current is opposed by the static coil emf and therefore must be aided in some fashion for smooth current reversal, which otherwise would result in sparking at the brushes. The aiding emf is dynamically induced into the coils undergoing commutation by means of compoles or interpoles, which are series excited by the armature current. These are located in the interpolar region of the main poles and therefore influence the armature coils only when these undergo commutation. 178. Comment on the working principle of operation of a single-phase transformer. Working principle of operation of a single-phase transformer can be explained as An AC supply passes through the primary winding, a current will start flowing in the primary winding. As a result, the flux is set. This flux is linked with primary and secondary windings. Hence, voltage is induced in both the windings. Now, when the load is connected to the secondary side, the current will start flowing in the load in the secondary winding, resulting in the flow of additional current in the secondary winding. Hence, according to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, emf will be induced in both the windings. The voltage induced in the primary winding is due to its self inductance and known as self induced emf and according to Lenze’s law it will oppose the cause i.e. supply voltage hence called as back emf. The voltage induced in secondary coil is known as mutually induced voltage. Hence, transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. 179. Define the following terms:- • Reliability, • Maximum demand, • Reserve-generating capacity, • Availability (operational). Reliability: It is the capacity of the power system to serve all power demands without failure over long periods. Maximum Demand: It is maximum load demand required in a power station during a given period. Reserve generating capacity: Extra generation capacity installed to meet the need of scheduled downtimes for preventive maintenance is called reserve-generating capacity. Availability: As the percentage of the time a unit is available to produce power whether needed by the system or not. 180. Mention the disadvantages of low power factor? How can it be improved? Disadvantages of low power factor: Line losses are 1.57 times unity power factor. Larger generators and transformers are required. Low lagging power factor causes a large voltage drop, hence extra regulation equipment is required to keep voltage drop within prescribed limits. Greater conductor size: To transmit or distribute a fixed amount of power at fixed voltage, the conductors will have to carry more current at low power factor. This requires a large conductor size. 181. State the methods of improving power factor? Methods of improving power factor: By connecting static capacitors in parallel with the load operating at lagging power factor. A synchronous motor takes a leading current when over excited and therefore behaves like a capacitor. By using phase advancers to improve the power factor of induction motors. It provides exciting ampere turns to the rotor circuit of the motor. By providing more ampere-turns than required, the induction motor can be made to operate on leading power factor like an overexcited synchronous motor. 182. State the factors, for the choice of electrical system for an aero turbine. The choice of electrical system for an aero turbine is guided by three factors: Type of electrical output: dc, variable- frequency ac, and constant- frequency ac. Aero turbine rotational speed: constant speed with variable blade pitch, nearly constant speed with simpler pitch- changing mechanism or variable speed with fixed pitch blades. Utilization of electrical energy output: in conjunction with battery or other form of storage, or interconnection with power grid. 183. What are the advantages of VSCF wind electrical system? Advantages of VSCF wind electrical system are: No complex pitch changing mechanism is needed. Aero turbine always operates at maximum efficiency point. Extra energy in the high wind speed region of the speed – duration curve can be extracted Significant reduction in aerodynamic stresses, which are associated with constant – speed operation. 184. Explain the terms real power, apparent power and reactive power for ac circuits and also the units used. Real Power: It is the product of voltage, current and power factor i.e. P = V I cos j and basic unit of real power is watt. i.e. Expressed as W or kW. Apparent power: It is the product of voltage and current. Apparent power = V I and basic unit of apparent power is volt- ampere. Expressed as VA or KVA. Reactive Power: It is the product of voltage, current and sine of angle between the voltage and current i.e. Reactive power = voltage X current X sinj or Reactive power = V I sin j and has no other unit but expressed in VAR or KVAR. 185. Define the following: Average demand, Maximum demand, Demand factor, Load factor. Average Demand: the average power requirement during some specified period of time of considerable duration is called the average demand of installation. Maximum Demand: The maximum demand of an installation is defined as the greatest of all the demand, which have occurred during a given period. It is measured accordingly to specifications, over a prescribed time interval during a certain period. Demand Factor: It is defined as the ratio of actual maximum demand made by the load to the rating of the connected load. Load Factor: It is defined as the ratio of the average power to the maximum demand. 186. Explain forward resistance, static resistance and dynamic resistance of a pn junction diode. Forward Resistance: Resistance offered in a diode circuit, when it is forward biased, is called forward resistance. DC or Static Resistance: DC resistance can be explained as the ratio of the dc-voltage across the diode to the direct current flowing through it. AC or Dynamic Resistance: It can be defined as the reciprocal of the slope of the forward characteristic of the diode. It is the resistance offered by a diode to the changing forward current. 187. How does Zener phenomenon differ from Avalanche breakdown? The phenomenon when the depletion region expands and the potential barrier increases leading to a very high electric field across the junction, due to which suddenly the reverse current increases under a very high reverse voltage is called Zener effect. Zener-breakdown or Avalanche breakdown may occur independently or both of these may occur simultaneously. Diode junctions that breakdown below 5v are caused by Zener Effect. Junctions that experience breakdown above 5v are caused by avalanche-effect. The Zener-breakdown occurs in heavily doped junctions, which produce narrow depletion layers. The avalanche breakdown occurs in lightly doped junctions, which produce wide depletion layers. 191. Compare JFET’s and MOSFET’s. Comparison of JFET’s and MOSFET’s: JFET’s can only be operated in the depletion mode whereas MOSFET’s can be operated in either depletion or in enhancement mode. In a JFET, if the gate is forward-biased, excess-carrier injunction occurs and the gatecurrent is substantial. MOSFET’s have input impedance much higher than that of JFET’s. Thus is due to negligible small leakage current. JFET’s have characteristic curves more flat than that of MOSFET is indicating a higher drain resistance. When JFET is operated with a reverse-bias on the junction, the gate-current IG is larger than it would be in a comparable MOSFET. 192. Explain thin film resistors and wire-wound resistors a. Thin film resistors- It is constructed as a thin film of resistive material is deposited on an insulating substrate. Desired results are obtained by either trimming the layer thickness or by cutting helical grooves of suitable pitch along its length. During this process, the value of the resistance is monitored closely and cutting of grooves is stopped as soon as the desired value of resistance is obtained. b. Wire wound resistors – length of wire wound around an insulating cylindrical core are known as wire wound resistors. These wires are made of materials such as Constantan and Manganin because of their high resistivity, and low temperature coefficients. The complete wire wound resistor is coated with an insulating material such as baked enamel 193. What is a differential amplifier? Also, explain CMRR. Differential Amplifier: The amplifier, which is used to amplify the voltage difference between two input-lines neither of which is grounded, is called differential amplifier. This reduces the amount of noise injected into the amplifier, because any noise appearing simultaneously on both the input-terminals as the amplifying circuitry rejects it being a common mode signal. CMRR: It can be defined as the ratio of differential voltage-gain to common made voltage gain. If a differential amplifier is perfect, CMRR would be infinite because in that case common mode voltage gain would be zero. 196. What is the difference between electronic regulator and ordinary electrical rheostat regulator for fans? The difference between the electronic and ordinary electrical regulator is that in electronic regulator power losses are less because as we decrease the speed the electronic regulator gives the power needed for that particular speed but in case of ordinary rheostat type regulator, the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is saved.In electronic regulator, triac is employed for speed control by varying the firing angle speed and it is controlled but in rheostatic ,control resistance is decreased by steps to achieve speed control. 197. What is the voltage gain or transfer function of amplifier? Vout/Vin 198. What does the KVAR means? The KVAR indicates the electrical power. KVAR means “Kilo Volt Amperes with Reactive components” 199. Why use the VCB at High Transmission System ? Why can't use ACB? Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc quenching property compare to air because in VCB ,the die electric strengths equal to 8 times of air . That y always vacuum used as inHT breaker and air used as in LT . 200. What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used? MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for short circuit protection in small current rating circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and under frequency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used where normal current is more than 100A. Basic ELECTRICAL Engineer Interview Questions and Answers :: Read the full article

[acdriveindia]

AC drive India is leading service providers and manufacturer of general purpose frequency inverter. DB100 is the latest Universal AC servo system with an Excellent high-speed reflects performance.

[sere22world]

Manufacturing method of synchronous control system based on inverter

The utility model relates to the field of electromechanical control, in particular to a

synchronous motor factory system based on a frequency converter.

Background technique:

A variable frequency drive (VFD) is a power control device that applies AC frequency conversion technology and microelectronics technology to change the frequency of the motor's working power to control AC motors.

The inverter is mainly composed of rectification (AC to DC), filtering, inverter (DC to AC), braking unit, drive unit, and detection unit micro-processing unit. The inverter relies on the opening and closing of the internal IGBT to adjust the voltage and frequency of the output power, and provides the required power voltage according to the actual needs of the motor, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and speed regulation. In addition, the inverter also has many protection functions , Such as overcurrent, overvoltage, overload protection and so on. With the continuous improvement of industrial automation, inverters have also been widely used.

AC frequency conversion is recognized as the most promising speed regulation method due to its excellent speed regulation and starting / braking performance, as well as many advantages such as high efficiency, high power factor and power saving effect. In the field of synchronous control, servo control can achieve higher synchronous control accuracy, but compared with variable frequency drives, the maximum output power of a single motor can be much smaller and the cost is very high. Therefore, asynchronous AC motors are used to achieve synchronous control. Is a development trend.

Technical realization elements:

Based on this, the utility model provides a synchronous control system based on a frequency converter.

The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:

An inverter-based synchronous control system:

Including a total controller and N controlled groups controlled by the total controller;

Each controlled group includes an encoder, a frequency converter, and a motor connected to the frequency converter; the motor is controlled by the frequency converter; the encoder is communicatively connected to a signal receiver of the main controller; the frequency conversion And the signal generator is connected in communication with the signal generator of the main controller;

The general controller synchronously issues control signaling to the frequency converters in each controlled group to facilitate the synchronous operation of the N motors. The total controller includes a processor, a timer, a signal receiver, and a signal generator. The timer, the signal receiver, and the signal generator are all communicatively connected to the processor; the timer is communicatively connected to the signal generator;

The signal receiver is configured to receive a rotation speed signal of a motor measured by each encoder, and the processor is configured to generate control signaling based on the rotation speed signal and a preset feedback adjustment algorithm, and transmit the control signaling to a signal A generator, which is used to synchronously issue the control signaling to the inverters in each controlled group driven by a timer;

The inverter includes:

A driving part, which is placed in the first casing and is used for driving a motor that is the same as the controlled group;

A first control unit, which is electrically connected to the driving unit and is placed in a second housing other than the first housing, and is used to control the speed and / or rotation of the driving unit to a motor in the same controlled group Position control

A second control unit, which is electrically connected to the first control unit and is placed in the second housing and is used to control the first control unit according to an external instruction;

A signal receiving unit that communicates with a signal generator of the main controller and transmits the acquired control signaling to the second control unit.

the processor in the main controller is a 1746-L552SLC5 / 05 processor with a built-in EtherNet and DH-485 network communication interface, and the processor has an instruction set including advanced calculation instructions and PID instructions The system can also be directly connected to the EtherNet network to facilitate remote control.

the encoder in each controlled group uses Rockwell's 845K-SAHZ25FWY3 photoelectric incremental encoder; the encoder outputs an open collector of 24V and has two orthogonal pulse signals of A / B It outputs 1024 pulses per.

the frequency converter includes:

A detection unit, which is electrically connected to the first control unit and is placed in the second housing, and is configured to detect the current speed and / or rotation position of the motors in the controlled group, and provide the detected information to the The first control unit, so that the first control unit controls the driving unit to perform feedback adjustment on the speed and / or the rotation position of the motors in the same group according to the information detected by the detection unit.

the detection section of the frequency converter is communicatively connected with the signal receiver of the main controller so that the processor of the main controller refers to data measured by the detection section when generating control signaling.

the overall controller includes a human-machine interaction device, and the human-machine interaction device is communicatively connected with a processor of the overall controller.

the human-computer interaction device includes a multimedia screen, and the multimedia screen is a resistive screen or a capacitive screen.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The three-level architecture of the master controller-inverter-motor is used in the utility model to realize real-time control of the motor. The controlled group constructed by the inverter and the motor simultaneously receives the control signaling of the master controller, thereby achieving The synchronous control of the main controller for multiple motors is realized; the analog output of the total controller is used to control the inverter, and the asynchronous AC motor is controlled indirectly, so as to realize the synchronous control of the position and speed of multiple asynchronous AC motors.

(2) At the end of the main controller, feedback adjustment and synchronous control of multiple motors are realized, and the main controller is provided with a human-machine interaction device, thereby facilitating the user to directly participate in the control of the motor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous control system based on an inverter provided in Embodiment 1;

2 is a block diagram of a total controller provided in Embodiment 2;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an inverter provided in Embodiment 3. FIG.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1:

A synchronous control system based on a frequency converter, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a total controller and N controlled groups controlled by the total controller;

Each controlled group includes an encoder, a frequency converter, and a motor connected to the frequency converter; the motor is controlled by the frequency converter; the encoder is communicatively connected to a signal receiver of the main controller; the frequency conversion And the signal generator is connected in communication with the signal generator of the main controller;

The main controller synchronously issues control signaling to the frequency converters in each controlled group so as to realize the synchronous operation of the N motors. As shown in FIG. 2, the main controller includes a processor, a timer, and a signal receiver. A timer and a signal generator, the timer, the signal receiver, and the signal generator are all communicatively connected to the processor; the timer is communicatively connected to the signal generator;

The signal receiver is configured to receive a rotation speed signal of a motor measured by each encoder, and the processor is configured to generate control signaling based on the rotation speed signal and a preset feedback adjustment algorithm, and transmit the control signaling to a signal A generator, which is used to synchronously issue the control signaling to the inverters in each controlled group under the driving of a timer.

Specifically, the control signaling may be an analog quantity, a digital quantity, and / or multiple switching quantities. The motors in each controlled group are asynchronous AC motors.

The inverter is shown in Figure 3 and includes:

A driving part, which is placed in the first casing and is used for driving a motor that is the same as the controlled group;

A first control unit, which is electrically connected to the driving unit and is placed in a second housing other than the first housing, and is used to control the speed and / or rotation of the driving unit to a motor in the same controlled group Position control

A second control unit, which is electrically connected to the first control unit and is placed in the second housing and is used to control the first control unit according to an external instruction;

A signal receiving unit that communicates with a signal generator of the main controller and transmits the acquired control signaling to the second control unit.

Specifically, the processor in the main controller is a 1746-L552SLC5 / 05 processor with a built-in EtherNet and DH-485 network communication interface. The processor has an instruction set including advanced calculation instructions and PID instructions The system can also be directly connected to the EtherNet network to facilitate remote control.

Specifically, the encoder in each controlled group uses Rockwell's 845K-SAHZ25FWY3 photoelectric incremental encoder; the encoder outputs an open collector of 24V and has two orthogonal pulse signals of A / B It outputs 1024 pulses per .

2:

The embodiment is based on the above embodiment 1, and the inverter includes:

A detection unit, which is electrically connected to the first control unit and is placed in the second housing, and is configured to detect the current speed and / or rotation position of the motors in the controlled group, and provide the detected information to the The first control unit, so that the first control unit controls the driving unit to perform feedback adjustment on the speed and / or the rotation position of the motors in the same group according to the information detected by the detection unit.

The detection section of the frequency converter is communicatively connected with the signal receiver of the main controller so that the processor of the main controller refers to the data measured by the detection section when generating control signaling.

3:

In this embodiment, based on the above embodiment 2, the main controller includes a human-machine interaction device, and the human-machine interaction device is communicatively connected with a processor of the main controller. The human-computer interaction device includes a multimedia screen, and the multimedia screen is a resistive screen or a capacitive screen.

Specifically, in a feasible implementation manner, the human-computer interaction device includes a capacitive screen and a base, and the base is provided with a hinge base, the hinge base includes a left hinge base and a right hinge base, and the left hinge base is located at On the left side of the capacitive screen, the right hinge base is located on the right side of the capacitive screen. A support shaft is fixed to the side of the capacitive screen, and is hinged to the hinge base through the support shaft. The support shaft includes a left support shaft and a right support shaft. The capacitive screen is hinged to the left hinge base through a left support shaft, the capacitive screen is hinged to the right hinge base through a right support shaft, and at least one of the left support shaft and the right support shaft is connected to a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism can drive the support The shaft rotates. In this embodiment, the user can adjust the angle of the capacitive screen according to different needs, and the experience is better.

What has been disclosed above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and of course, the scope of rights of the present invention cannot be limited by this. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.

[messunggroup]

Messung Group: Multiple technology solutions under one roof

Messung is a diversified conglomerate with expertise that spans industries and applications. Messung offers a diverse portfolio of best-in-class products, solutions, and services enabling a wide range of industrial verticals to optimize operations and maximize productivity. The Group’s know-how and offerings keep growing, keeping pace with global trends, market dynamics and new technologies.

Messung in Industrial Automation & Control

In 1981, Messung innovated India's first indigenous PLC - Meprolog-H. From that pioneering start, Messung has grown to become a market leader in industrial automation; a PLC manufacturer who continuously adds to their ever-expanding portfolio of technology solutions. Their solutions cover:

Process Automation: In verticals such as Oil & Gas, Sugar, Power, Pulp & Paper, Water & Sewage Treatment, Messung customises high-end process automation & control solutions in India that meet the highest technical demands for speed, quality, operational reliability, system availability and more.

Servo & Motion Control Automation: In industries such as Plastic Technology, Robotics & Handling Systems, Food & Packaging, Printing & Paper, Textile Machinery, Energy, Machine Tools for cutting & forming, Messung delivers fully integrated solutions incorporating their own Nx-ERA programmable logic controllers and XM-PRO remote I/O modules; motion control systems and drive products from Sigmatek, Austria VFDs from Fuji Electric, Japan; HMIs and much more.

General Purpose Automation: Messung offers smart, compact, economical solutions for automation of varied equipment such as special purpose Machines, Utility applications, Material Handling and machineries of general usage. Messung's technology enables high-performance machines that are information-enabled and easy to integrate.

Messung in Building & Infrastructure Automation & Control

For all types of buildings, from hospitals to shopping malls, IT and industrial establishments, corporate buildings, and power stations – Messung offers solutions under four broad categories:

IBMS: With products from Distech Controls, Canada, Messung’s IOT-enabled BMS solution provides control and supervision of HVAC, Security, CCTV, Intrusion Alarm and Fire systems, including diesel genset, water pumping systems, and other third-party systems, which are now mandatory in all modern buildings.

IOT: The Internet of Things (IOT) allows exchange of information and data, and enables 24x7 monitoring and remote control of equipment, systems, buildings and plants. Customised dashboards provide data on different criteria while advanced analytics help to improve efficiency, response, operation, preventive maintenance, etc.

EMS: Messung offers integrated energy management systems designed to store energy parameters, analyse consumptions, identify areas of wastage, reduce energy consumption, predict electrical system performance and optimise energy usage to reduce cost in a premise.

Lighting Management Systems: Messung provides a complete solution based on advanced technology, service and support from a single source - for Airports, Transportation, Retail, Hospitality, Offices and Residential properties. All products are based on open standards like KNX, DALI, BACnet, Modbus, SNMP, TCP/IP, etc.

Messung in Home, Office & Hotel Automation & Control

To transform interiors into luxurious spaces, enhancing comfort and safety while reducing energy consumption, contact Messung. They offer a wide range of industry-best automation products and customised solutions for:

Home Automation: Messung partners with Zennio, Spain, to provide KNX-based solutions to control all your home appliances, lights, fans, TVs, ACs, curtains & blinds, video door phones, CCTV cameras, media devices, garden sprinklers, etc.

Office Automation: Messung helps in automating existing office procedures, and providing control over an increasingly complex network of devices, for greater convenience, comfort and efficiency. Their partner: Crestron, USA.

Hotel Automation: Guests can control multiple functions including lighting, air conditioning, drapes and audio/video systems using smart, automated bedside consoles and interfaces. Integration of guest rooms with the hotel's property management system enable better monitoring and control.

Messung in Electrical Engineering

Messung provides reliable, intelligent and world-class solutions for Power Monitoring and Distribution in three broad segments:

Distribution & Control: Messung provides smart power distribution control panels with Wohner’s special Busbar systems as per IEC 61439 standards. Messung offers total low voltage power distribution control systems that are Industry 4.0-compatible, Cloud-based solutions to provide “Any time Anywhere” supervisory & control features.

Control Panels: For a wide arena of applications like water and waste water treatment plants, sugar machinery, plastic extrusion, printing, pharmaceutical, automotive assembly and testing lines, electro plating, boilers, material handling, furnaces, mechanical and hydraulic press, in different industry verticals.

Energy Management: Customised energy management solutions to help enterprises optimise power usage, improve power protection and increase productivity by reducing downtime, safety risks and electricity bills.

Incorporating best-in-class Class A power quality analysers, digital energy meters etc. from Janitza and advanced online UPS, Active Harmonic Filters and Servo Stabilizers from Fuji Electric Consul Neowatt, Messung enhances productivity and the reliability of your critical electrical assets in industrial, data centre and commercial applications.

Messung in Workplace Technology

Messung’s rich industrial experience has made them aware of the health hazards, safety risks and challenges of the industrial workplace. Messung is committed to find and deliver meaningful ergonomic solutions.

For Test & Measuring, Messung provides complete setups for R&D labs, calibration centres, training and didactic centres, electronic assembly & testing, spread across the Indian electronic industry. The ergonomic industrial furniture with ESD protection, and intelligent test & measurement solutions are designed to improve efficiency while offering user comfort.

Messung offers a world-class range of indigenous ESD workstations, ESD chairs, ESD storage trolleys, etc. for ESD workplaces; and workstation chairs, lab table, lab chairs, industrial work tables, workshop tables, stainless steel table, etc. for general workplaces.

Last but not least, there are Class 100/ISO 5 cleanroom chairs and stools from Uchida, Japan, for Special Category Cleanrooms, Chemical Laboratories, Inspection & Quality Control Rooms in Chemical, Bio-tech, Pharma, Food & Beverages industries.

Conclusion

Whether you are looking for complex industrial automation solutions or lab chairs for your R&D team, the latest power distribution/monitoring devices or sophisticated hotel automation, a new testing lab set-up as per stringent standards or a lighting management system to save electricity and costs – Messung is your go-to partner for technological excellence with customised service.

[preciouspower-blog1]

Industrial Isolation transformer manufacturers in India

India is a leading hub for the small and heavy manufacturing goods and high-quality services across the world and in our electrical equipment manufacturing sector we have an impressive range of electric transformer manufacturers in India, and they are also another type of companies like industrial isolation transformer manufacturers in India, and also power distribution transformer manufacturers as well. As the usage of electrical equipment/appliances has become a part of our lives and imagining life without electricity is also impossible for us. Generally, a transformer is a tool that is used for transferring the electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another. An isolation transformer is a special type of transformer and its main purpose is to insulate the secondary winding from any type of connection to the ground. The transformer manufacturers in India maintain very high-class insulation on the insulation barriers and transformer wire between the core and the coils. And in some cases, the transformers have a sheet of copper shield between the secondary and primary windings/coils. And great care is taken about the capacities and inductances of secondary coils that are evenly distributed or not. The power distribution transformer manufacturers supply the ideal isolation transformers that are used for conveying the electrical energy that is coming from the AC source to another device. The isolation transformer mainly provides galvanic isolation that is used to protect against the electric shocks, and also for suppressing the electrical noise in the sensitive devices and to transmit power between two circuits. We have a huge number of power distribution transformer manufacturers in India but everyone is not specialized in the servo max India. But the only firm who possesses trained and certified engineers from the servo max India is Precious Power Technologies Pvt Ltd. The precious power Technologies Pvt Ltd is one of the leading industrial isolation transformer manufacturers in India who are authorized manufacturer, supplier, dealer, and exporter also. We offer a wide range of various products that include power and distribution transformers, UPS systems, voltage stabilizers, control panels, power conditioners, and power savers etc. we are also the best ultra isolation transformer suppliers in Pune whose priority is the high quality and customer satisfaction.Functions of the Isolation transformerThe isolation transformer units from the electrical transformer suppliers in pune facilitate numerous functions and they are used mainly in the industries, business places. They mainly facilitate DC power isolation, the telephone lines work often on the digital information and they need amplifiers at different intervals. The isolation transformers help to carry the input and output signals among each of the amplifiers.The isolation transformer can act as a substitute within various circuits. And it is well-known for its high-quality and safety function which protects the people from the risk of electrocution from different electrical appliances.  The ultra isolation transformer suppliers in Pune- precious power also facilitates customized isolation transformers with increased safety. The isolation transformers are significantly used for the very common applications like in medical settings that means in the hospital equipment to avoid the electrical stray currents, CNC machines, printing machinery, textile machineries, laboratory gadgets, electronic equipment, telecommunications equipment and etc.   The isolation transformers are the most chosen transformers for the electronics testing, servicing and also for safety purposes. Hence, the unique and high-grade isolation transformers from the ultra isolation transformer suppliers in Pune are very much required for most of the electrical devices. And the precious power Technologies is expertized in providing the best kind of isolation transformer products and solutions.

CONTACT US:

Phone: +91 703 018 7187

Email :customercare@preciouspower.in

Web address: http://www.preciouspower.in