#general gregorio del pilar

[filipinfodump]

Hi, I want to ask if you have any topics about the Philippine-American War? I have gotten myself in Philippine History and I want to know deeper. Thanks:)

I was thinking of many ways on how to answer this because this is such a large and complicated topic but I could just try to summarize some stuff here and tell you what I know and what I could find.

The Filipino-American war mainly started as Filipinos felt betrayed by their former American allies after the country was sold to them by Spain after the Spanish-American war during the Treaty of Paris of 1898 for $20 million alongside other Spanish colonies like Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba (American Historical Association, n.d.). This feeling of betrayal had come from the fact that the leader and dictator president of the Filipino revolutionaries, Emilio Aguinaldo of the Kataastaasang Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (en. The Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation) or the Katipunan for short, actually sought assistance from the Americans in Hong Kong during the Filipino Revolutionary War against Spain which was happening at the same time (Kedmey, 2013). This is why tensions were so high with the Americans when they first formally colonized the Philippines.

Interestingly, the purchase also included some territories that weren't actually part of Spanish rule such as the Sultanate of Sulu as well as some indigenous territories which led to a strained relationship with the Americans moving forward such as the independent Moros of Muslim Mindanao later being forced to assimilate to the rest of the colony of the Philippines despite previous agreements that state that they will leave them alone, mirroring the way the United States government treated Native Americans (Gowing, 1968).

Fighting between the American army and the Filipino army first broke out when on February 4, 1899 after Private William W. Grayson fired at 4 Filipino soldiers who cocked their rifles in response to them ordering the men to halt which later broke out into the Battle of Manile of 1899 (Chaput, 2012). As the Filipinos and Americans declared war on each other, the Katipuneros resorted to the mountains to start guerilla warfare against the American army (Philippine-American War, n.d.) which then lasted until 1901 when Aguinaldo was captured on March 23, 1901, just a day after Aguinaldo's birthday actually with the capture being attributed to two of his men, Lazaro Segovia and Hilario Tal Placido who betrayed him to the Americans with his other men still being too relaxed from the festivities the day before (Ocampo, 2010).

The fighting continued despite his capture and surrender until the last of the generals, General Macario Sakay, surrendered in July 14, 1906 who was then later executed along side his men on September 13, 1907 despite the initial promise of amnesty by the American government (Pangilinan & Pimintel, 2008).

The war ended the lives of 4,300 American soldiers with only 1,500 having been killed in action with the rest succumbing to diseases, while Filipino forces suffered 20,000 casualties alongside the death of 200,000 Filipino civilians due to hunger, disease, and combat (Philippine-American War, n.d.).

The violence of the situation and especially committed by the American soldiers prompted a lot of protests in the United States to stop the war immediately, as letters of the situation had been sent back to their homes which describes in excruciating detail the war crimes that these soldiers were ordered to commit such as blockading and burning down villages, extreme torture of captured and suspected enemies, and much more. The most well-known of these torture methods that I remember being taught to us in history classes as early as 4th grade was the "Water Cure" where American soldiers would force water down the victim's throat in and force them to vomit it back out. This article has a detailed account of the exact nature of this torture method as it discusses the torture of Mayor Joveniano Ealdama of Igbaras, who, although no American troop was actually hurt in his town, was tortured with his town being burnt down by the Americans the very next day (Vestal, 2017).

I do have to be honest, I was utterly shocked at how little Americans really knew about the Philippine American colonial era and by extension the Philippine-American war especially with the sheer amount of brutality the Americans had done to Filipino locals as well as the large impact the American government and American culture has had in my country and I am glad that more and more people are starting to learn more about this but it's still rather disappointing.

Videos on the Philippine-American War

If you want to learn more about the Philippine-American War, I have a couple of recommendations for videos that you can watch.

This video by Crash Course explains the origins of American Imperial idealization as well as the wars that led up to the colonization of the many territories that America acquired during this time era:

Here's a good summary by history teacher Mr. Beat of the major aspects of the war as well as the American public's perception of it that you can watch:

Here's a video made with a Filipino-perspective by Jonas Tayaban on the topic:

Here's a summary in Tagalog. It doesn't have English subtitles though but it does detail more things about the build-up and the subsequent wars between Spain and America and later the Philippines and Spain and then America too:

Movies about the Philippine-American War

I would also be remiss to not suggest some historical movies that tackle the events of this time period and especially TBA Studios' Artikulo Uno films Heneral Luna (2015) which focuses on the most popular and effective general of the revolution Gen. Antonio Luna, and Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral (2018) which focuses on Gregorio "Goyo" del Pilar, one the youngest generals of Filipino history who died a very tragic death at a young age:

You can watch the full movie here complete with English Subtitles

Another well-known movie about this time period is Viva Films' El Presidente (2012), although I had heard people say it's very much biased to the controversial dictator president Aguinaldo's side with many people citing that as the reason why they don't like the film.

Here's a reupload of the full-movie. It doesn't have subtitles though.

I don't know of any American-made movies that focuses on this topic and I know there's several other films that focus more on the politics of the Katipunan and the Filipino Revolutionary War against Spain, but not necessarily the Philippine-American War so if anyone has other suggestions, please let me know.

I would also like to suggest documentaries but most of the ones I've seen are on World War II and the others are other YouTube videos by history channels that I'm not too familiar with made by mostly white American YouTubers. Not that that would disqualify their videos (I did reference both John Green and Mr. Beat here) but I don't know these history channels and their hosts enough to recommend them in good faith as of right now.

Books and Further Reading on the Philippine-American War

For books on the subject, I often reference the many writings of Ambeth Ocampo such as his Looking Back series, specifically:

Looking Back 2: Dirty Dancing (Shopee, Lazada, Amazon)

Looking Back 11: Independence x6 (Shopee, Lazada)

Looking Back 13: Guns of the Katipunan (Shopee, Lazada)

I'm also currently interested in buying some other books about the topic like The Hills of Sampaloc: The Opening Actions of the Philippine-American War, February 4-5, 1899 (Shopee, Amazon) but I don't really have any extra money to spare for it right now.

I remember that my father had some other books about this too but the names had escaped me and it's far too much work to try to sort out through his entire book pile in our house.

I hope this answer's comprehensive enough since the subject is, as I said before, quite complex and rather large so I can't really get into all the specifics right now.

References:

American Historical Association. (n.d.). How Did America Enter the Picture?. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/em-24-what-lies-ahead-for-the-philippines-(1945)/how-did-america-enter-the-picture

Chaput, D. (2012). Private William W Grayson's War in the Philippines, 1899. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://ne-test-site8.cdc.nicusa.com/sites/ne-test-site8.cdc.nicusa.com/files/doc/publications/NH1980GraysonWar1899.pdf

Gowing, P. (1968). Muslim-American Relations in the Philippines, 1899-1929. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-06-03-1968/gowing-muslim-american%20relations%20in%20the%20philippines%201899-1920.pdf

Kedmey, D. (2013, June 13). Exiled in Hong Kong: Famous Company for Edward Snowden.Time. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://world.time.com/2013/06/15/exiled-in-hong-kong-famous-company-for-edward-snowden/slide/general-emilio-aguinaldo/

Ocampo, A. (2010). Looking Back 2: Dirty Dancing. Anvil Publishing

Pangilinan, F., & Pimintel, A. (2008, September 9). A Resolution Expressing the Sense of the Senate Honoring the Sacrifice of Macario Sakay and all other Filipinos who Gave Up their Lives in the Philippine-American War for our Freedom, Senate Resolution No. 623, 14th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/83927584!.pdf

Philippine-American War. In Britannica. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Philippine-American-War

Vestal, A. (2017). The First Wartime Water Torture by Americans. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/mlr/vol69/iss1/2/

[mothermeii]

Dama De Noche don’t grow around here

Goyo retreats to his rooms in Dagupan, only to find himself face to face with the ghost of the past bent on getting revenge for the death of Heneral Luna.

Vicente just wants to do the right thing. Julian thinks he's always doing the right thing. Joven doesn't want to be blind to wrong things masking themselves as right things.

And Sofia Valera? She is a hurricane.

In the middle of unfolding events, a silent chaos ensues.

Super late to the fandom but I just gotta share this fic, this is my favorite fic from the rest and it even has one of the things I hate about fan fictions. I don’t usually like OCs in fanfiction because they tend to be really bad, I don’t mind OC kids of the main characters but OCs that **are** the main characters? Hwat!? I’m so impressed with puspinterlocke. Their OC is so good I thought she was a real character I must have missed.

Anyways, this fic is unfinished since 2018, but I’m still sharing it cuz more people need to read it even if it remains unfinished.

[southeastasianists]

In front of the imposing Malolos Cathedral, also known as the Basilica Minore de la Nuestra de Immuculada Conception, stands a very large tree. Locals fondly call it the Kalayaan Tree, which means "freedom tree." There are similar trees around, but only this one has a name being a living witness to several events that happened in Malolos.

It was in nearby Barasoain Church where the convening of the First Philippine Congress was announced on September 15, 1898. Shortly after was the promulgation of the Philippine Constitution, popularly known as the Malolos Constitution on January 21, 1899. Finally, the inauguration of the First Republic of the Philippines on January 23, 1899, becoming the first democratic country in Asia.

The convent beside the cathedral served as the refuge of General Emilio Aguinaldo during the war for independence during the Spanish period and the young kalayaan tree was where the revolutionaries met, planned, and celebrated their losses and victories. General Emilio Aguinaldo eventually became the first president of the republic. A monument was placed under the tree to symbolize the meeting of the revolutionaries and its leaders together with the life size statues of  Gregorio del Pilar, General Isidoro Torres, Don Pablo Tecson, Padre Mariano Sevilla, and Doña Basilia Tantoco. 

During the Filipino-American war after the short-lived First Philippine Republic, General Aguinaldo ordered General Antonio Luna to burn the convent to kept the all-important documents stored on it from the surging American soldiers. The Kalayaan tree also caught fire but it incredibly survived.

The Siar tree is not native to the Philippines and not known how it reached the country, but today these trees can be found all over the archipelago. It is known to reach a height of nine meters in three years.

In the 1980s, the National Historical Institute and the Tree Preservation Foundation of the Philippines recognized the historical significance of the Kalayaan tree by placing a market under its shade.

[ambasingresident]

I don't know what to do at the moment, so I made a sticksona/oc since there is still a LACK of Filipino THSC OCs in the fandom.

Meet The Blog's New Sticksona/Mascot, Brigadier General Amba Sing

A young and skilled general of the First Philippine Republic who originally came from the Mountain Province (more specifically, in Ambasing, Sagada), this sticksona is slightly based on General Gregorio del Pilar (The Boy General) and was made after watching both Heneral Luna and Goyo for the 69th time (real patriotism moment). I'll probably draw him from time to time should I not forgor about him.

[roosterarts]

Battle of Tirad Pass - Philippine-American War

December 2, 1899

On this day, a small contingent from Filipino General Gregorio Del Pilar's brigade make their last stand at Tirad Pass.

In an attempt to halt the advance of American forces and enable Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo to escape capture, Del Pilar and 60 members of his brigade fortify Tirad Pass. In the battle that ensued, his force managed to delay the troops of the American 33rd Volunteer Infantry Regiment.

However, after a secret trail around the Filipino defenses was found, American sharpshooters were able to positions themselves above the Filipino trenches and slowly pick-off the defenders. Among the dead was General Del Pilar himself.

[cberzuela]

What Defines a Hero?written by CBerzuela

written: september 19, 2023; 21:38

concluded: september 20, 2023; 00:18

We have to stop seeing our heroes flawlessly. They may embody greatness, but that doesn't mean that they are the epitome of perfectness. Our heroes are also humans like us; they make mistakes, they have their own flaws and they are no exception to death. What's extraordinary about them is their notable love for our country along with their reamarkable actions and their undying commitment to protect it, no matter what.

But does a flaw enough to overshadow their greatness and disregard their sacrifices?

General Gregorio Del Pilar is one of our most controversial heroes with lots of conspiracies and misconceptions surrounding his name.

"arogante"

"tuta ni aguinaldo"

"vain"

---as they call him.

While it's true that Goyo's death in Tirad Pass isn't as heroic and valorous as we deemed it to be, does it automatically means that he didn't die for his beloved country?

Contrary to what most people think, Goyo didn't actually die gloriously riding his white horse and bravely shouting encouragements to his soldiers, that's the romanticized version of the Americans. What actually happened is that the general's rashness to discern the enemy and his order for a ceasefire is what gave the americans an opportunity to shoot him, according to the accounts of Vicente Enriquez, his aide-de-camp and Telesforo Carrasco who were with him during the "battle". It's kind of tragic and devastating that he died that way. His life (along with the 52 out of his 60 troop) ended due to a major fault; a consequence to lack of military planning and strategy. It is equally unfortunate that the humiliating disaster at Pasong Tirad became the reason why some or most people perceive him as an incompetent general and an ineffective military leader.

His hands were also tainted with blood, because apparently he tortured and killed the Bernal Brothers who were Luna's aide-de-camp and loyal soldiers under Aguinaldo's command. As Filipino National Artist for Literature, Nick Joaquin put it, he is "Aguinaldo's hatchetman."

All of his dedication and victories seem to be forgotten and overshadowed by his flaws. People may question his integrity as a hero, if he really deserves to be recognized as one. Some might say that he died to protect his "idol" in the form of Aguinaldo and not for the sake of the Philippines. Well, it's not really the case because even before serving Aguinaldo, he's already part of the revolution, doing his part to show his defiance against the Spanish conquerors. He first showed his prowess in the battlefield when he fought on Kakarong De Sili under Maestrong Sebio against the Spanish forces. He was so determined to defeat them that he didn't backed out eventhough Maestrong Sebio had already escaped leaving the battle to the ten of them (including Goyo's brother, Julian.) There, he was hit by a bullet in the forehead that he luckily survived. You see, the AGILA is already capable of great things even before his prestige as a general.

I hope that we don't only think of that disastrous battle in Tirad whenever we hear his name; i hope that we also look back to the Battle of Kakarong De Sili, the raid at Paombong, Battle of Pasong Balite, Battle of Quingua and Battle Of Calumpit. His flaws and shortcomings as a general is not what defines him as a hero. It is his love for the country that makes him a true hero. For the love to our country, always.

[ongstephanie07]

My Literary Works

CRITICAL ESSAY

GOYO

Gregorio del Pilar, also known as the "Boy General," was a Filipino revolutionary and a hero during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War. He is remembered for his bravery and loyalty to his country, even in the face of overwhelming odds. This critical essay will examine the life and legacy of Gregorio del Pilar.

Gregorio del Pilar was born in Bulacan, Philippines in 1875. He was the youngest general in the Philippine Revolutionary Army, and he played a pivotal role in the Battle of Tirad Pass during the Philippine-American War. In this battle, del Pilar led a small group of soldiers against a much larger and better-equipped American force. Despite being outnumbered, they fought bravely and managed to hold off the Americans for several hours. However, in the end, del Pilar and his men were defeated, and he was killed.

Del Pilar's bravery and sacrifice made him a hero to the Filipino people. He became a symbol of the struggle for independence and self-determination, and his story inspired many others to join the fight against the American occupation. His life and legacy continue to be celebrated in the Philippines, where he is honored with monuments and memorials.

However, while del Pilar's bravery and loyalty to his country are admirable, his actions were not always without controversy. Some historians have criticized his decision to lead a small force against the much larger American army, arguing that he was reckless and put his men in unnecessary danger. Others have pointed out that del Pilar was just one of many Filipino revolutionaries who fought against the American occupation, and that his story should not overshadow the contributions of others who may have been equally brave.

Despite these criticisms, there is no doubt that Gregorio del Pilar was a hero to many Filipinos, and his legacy continues to inspire people to this day. He represents the struggle for independence and self-determination, and his memory serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for freedom.

EDITORIAL ESSAY

Vote-Buying in the Philippines

Vote- buying is a prevalent practice in the Philippine elections, especially in rural areas where poverty is rampant. It is a form of corruption that undermines democracy and the integrity of the electoral process. The act of vote buying is straightforward:a candidate, usually with more resources, offers money, goods, or services in exchange for a person's vote. This practice violates the essence of fair and free elections, as voters are not making their choices based on their own convictions and assessment of candidate's performance, but instead, they are influenced by money or other forms of bribery. The prevalence of vote-buying in the Philippine elections hinders the establishment of a genuine democratic system. The practice favors the rich and powerful, as well as the ruling elites, while disenfranchising the poor and marginalized sectors of society. It perpetuates the cycle of corruption, maintains the status quo, and slows down the process of socio-economic reform.Despite efforts to curb vote-buying, it remains a significant challenge during every electoral cycle. One main reason is that the laws and regulations that criminalize vote buying are not strictly enforced. Candidates found guilty of such acts often get away with minimal penalties, if any. Moreover, the socio-economic landscape of the country contributes to the existence of vote-buying. Poverty is widespread and deeply ingrained in many areas of the country, making people more susceptible to the temptation of accepting money or material goods in exchange for their vote. In such situations, only genuine reforms that address poverty and inequality can reduce the prevalence of vote buying. In conclusion, vote-buying remains a significant threat to democracy in the Philippines. It undermines the credibility of the electoral process, perpetuates socio-economic inequalities, and perpetuates corruption. The public and the government must work together to combat vote buying by enforcing relevant laws, providing anti-corruption programs, and promoting socio-economic reforms that empower the marginalized sectors of society. Lastly, it's crucial that every citizen realizes the importance of making their own informed decisions in selecting the leader of the country, for the sake of strengthening democracy.

NATURE ESSAY

Baguio City, also known as the summer capital of the Philippines, is a popular tourist destination located in the northern part of the Philippines. Situated in the Cordillera Mountains, Baguio City boasts of a cool climate and lush greenery that mesmerizes visitors.

The city's natural beauty starts with the breathtaking environment route to Baguio City. The winding roads and steep terrain provide a panoramic view of the mountains and valleys below. Upon reaching the city, one is greeted by the sight of towering pine trees that line the streets<,>giving off a refreshing scent and gently rustling in the cool breeze.

Moreover, Baguio City is home to several parks that showcase its natural beauty. The Burnham Park is one of the most popular parks in the city, offering pictures views of a man-made lake and lush greenery. The park features boating activities, a skating rink, picnic areas, and jogging trails for visitors to engage in various outdoor activities.

Another park that is worth visiting is the Botanical Garden, which is home to various plant species, including endemic species from the Cordillera Mountains. Visitors can take a stroll along the garden's pathways and immerse themselves in nature's beauty.

For those who seek a more adventurous experience, the Mount Santo Tomas Forest Reserve is a must-visit destination. The forest reserve offers various activities, including hiking, camping, and bird watching. Visitors can also enjoy the stunning views of Baguio City from the mountain's peak.

In conclusion, Baguio City's natural beauty is undoubtedly one of its main attractions. The scenic landscapes, lush greenery, and cool climate provide visitors with a refreshing escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. Whether you are seeking a peaceful retreat or an adventurous getaway, Baguio City's natural offerings are sure to provide an unforgettable experienced

[squadgoalskiii]

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

"ORGAN SYSTEM OF REPRESENTATIVE ANIMALS"

Although humans and animals (technically “non-human animals”) may look different, at a physiological and anatomical level they are remarkably similar. Animals, from mice to monkeys, have the same organs (heart, lungs, brain etc.) and organ systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous systems etc.)

The digestive system includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. It also includes the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, which make digestive juices and enzymes that help the body digest food and liquids.

The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history.

the system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands.

The urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.

(EN-doh-krin SIS-tem) The glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body. The hormones released by the endocrine system control many important functions in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction.

Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to do a job for the body they live in. They can help with gas exchange, removing waste, obtaining and transporting nutrients, sensing, and protecting the body from disease.

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

TREATY OF BIAK NA BATO

The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 15, 1897,[3][4] created a truce between Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were given amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish Government, in return for which the revolutionary government would go into exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo had decided to use the money to purchase advance firearms and ammunition later on return to the archipelago.[5]: 49 [6]: 232 

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

The Hongkong Junta.jpg

Filipino revolutionaries exiled to Hong Kong. Sitting on Emilio Aguinaldo's right is Lt. Col. Miguel Primo de Rivera,[1]: 278  nephew and aide-de-camp of Fernando Primo de Rivera and father of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, who was held hostage until Aguinaldo's indemnity was paid.[2]: 309–310  Standing behind Aguinaldo is Col. Gregorio del Pilar. Standing behind Miguel and to his right is Pedro Paterno.

ORAL COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION BARRIER

Communication barriers can have a significant impact on people’s personal and professional lives. This is particularly evident now when people around the globe have been facing social distancing restrictions.

When we are limited to communicating using digital tools and technologies, communication barriers have an even bigger impact. However, digital means of communication are here, and they are here to stay.

There are 3 main categories of communication barriers that can make effective communication challenging.

Communication barriers can have a significant impact on people’s personal and professional lives. This is particularly evident now when people around the globe have been facing social distancing restrictions.

When we are limited to communicating using digital tools and technologies, communication barriers have an even bigger impact. However, digital means of communication are here, and they are here to stay.

💡Check out Top 5 Communication Skills and learn how to improve internal communication in the workplace!

Communication Barriers Defined

Communication barriers can include anything that prevents or disables communicators to deliver the right message to the right person at the right time, or a receiver to get the right message at the right time.

There are 3 main categories of communication barriers that can make effective communication challenging.

types of communication barriers

Physical communication barriers such as social distancing, remote work, deskless nature of work, closed office doors, and others.

Emotional communication barriers resulting from emotions such as mistrust and fear.

Language communication barriers that refer to how a person speaks both verbally and nonverbally.

However, these communication barriers present just a high-level overview of the cause of inefficient communication. Let’s take a deeper look into some of the most common communication barriers that employers face today.

THANKYOU FOR READING! HAVE A NICE DAY! :>

[gonzalo-obes]

IMAGENES Y DATOS INTERESANTES DEL 12 DE OCTUBRE DE 2024

Día de la Hispanidad o Día de la Fiesta Nacional de España, Día del Pilar, Día Mundial de la Astronomía (en Otoño), Día Mundial de las Aves Migratorias, Día de la Raza o Día del Respeto a la Diversidad Cultural, Día Mundial de la Artritis Reumatoide, Día Internacional contra la Gestión Digital de Restricciones (DRM), Día Mundial de los Cuidados Paliativos, Año Internacional de los Camélidos.

San Serafín, San Wilfrido, Nuestra Señora del Pilar y Santa Arlinda.

Tal día como hoy en el año 2014

En Bolivia, Evo Morales, con el 61 % de los votos, se proclama vencedor de las elecciones generales para elegir presidente y renovar la Asamblea Plurinacional (el Parlamento), lo que le da derecho a un tercer mandato hasta 2020. El candidato opositor Samuel Doria obtiene el 24% de los votos. (Hace 10 años)

1968

Guinea Ecuatorial se independiza de España, convirtiéndose en una República cuyo presidente será Francisco Macias Nguema. (Hace 56 años)

1968

Con la presencia de 112 países y 6.626 deportistas, se inauguran en Ciudad de México las XVI Olimpiadas de la Era Moderna. Se clausurarán el 27 de octubre. Se registrarán 252 récords que serán atribuidos a la altitud en que se desarrollan las pruebas. (Hace 56 años)

1840

En España, tras haber fomentado la oposición contra la regente María Cristina, el general Fernández Espartero continúa acaparando poder, y como fruto de sus conspiraciones, asume a partir de hoy el cargo de regente. (Hace 184 años)

1813

Aunque hace ahora dos años que un tratado firmado con la Argentina consagró la independencia nacional del Paraguay de España, es en el día de hoy cuando el Congreso realiza, solemne y categóricamente, su Declaración de Independencia y aprueba sus Reglamentos Gubernamentales considerados como la primera Constitución Nacional, rechazando la propuesta de ser una provincia dependiente de Buenos Aires y constituyéndose por tanto en República independiente, rompiendo definitivamente con España y Argentina. (Hace 211 años)

1778

Cádiz y Sevilla (España) dejan de ser los únicos puertos autorizados a recibir mercancías procedentes de América, al conceder el rey Carlos III la Real Cédula de libertad de comercio con América. (Hace 246 años)

1709

En México, tras una votación democrática, en la población de Santa Eulalia, el gobernador Antonio de Deza y Ulloa dicta el decreto que establece la fundación de la ciudad de Chihuahua. De acuerdo con el mismo, la cabecera de los reales de minas se definen a orillas del río Chuviscar con la denominación oficial de real de minas de San Francisco de Cuellar. Nueve años más tarde, en 1718, debido al enorme crecimiento demográfico y económico de la región, la autoridad virreinal concederá al mencionado real la categoría de Villa, y modificará su nombre por el de de San Felipe el Real de Chihuahua. (Hace 315 años)

1582

Se puede decir que este día de este año nunca existió ya que en Roma, el papa Gregorio XIII ha decretado el calendario gregoriano en sustitución del calendario juliano, y la noche del pasado jueves 4 de octubre dará paso al viernes 15 de octubre, por lo cual el 12 de octubre de 1582 nunca existió en nuestro calendario. (Hace 442 años)

1492

A las dos de la madrugada el marinero Rodrigo de Triana grita "¡Tierra!" desde la carabela Pinta. Se acaba de descubrir el Nuevo Mundo. El territorio avistado es una isla de las Bahamas, que Colón denomina San Salvador y que actualmente se llama Guanahani. Cristóbal Colón creerá durante mucho tiempo que han arribado a Asia Oriental y no a un continente hasta ahora desconocido en Europa. Este descubrimiento condicionará la evolución política, social y económica de los siglos venideros. De este viaje sólo regresarán dos carabelas a España, la Pinta y la Niña. La Santa María embarrancará en la isla Española en diciembre de 1492. Sus restos servirán para construir el Fuerte Navidad. (Hace 532 años)

539aC

La ciudad de Babilonia (en la Baja Mesopotamia, actual Irak) cae sin batallar ante el ejército persa al mando del general Gobrias. El rey Ciro II el Grande entrará en la ciudad el próximo día 29. La llegada de Ciro será celebrada por la comunidad judía de Babilonia. (Hace 2563 años)

[ferrolano-blog]

Estuve varias veces en Israel... Sé de lo que hablo... El primer artículo que me censuraron en Barcelona estaba dedicado a Israel... Ocurrió en 1992, y en mi memoria quedan los actores principales... las reacciones insultantes del historiador catalanista Joan B. Culla y de la tertuliana insaciable Pilar Rahola, entre otros... La delgada línea roja de nuestras limitaciones a la hora de escribir sobre Israel consiste en una argucia que te deja inerme ante la crítica. Lo que tú has concebido como algo ligado al comportamiento de un Estado nacido en 1948 se transforma en boca del afectado en desdén del Holocausto, y por tanto todo crítico al estado sionista pasa a convertirse automáticamente en antisemita. No se libran ni los propios judíos disidentes... si uno quiere entrar en ese conflicto podrido por tanto odio y debe asumir su papel de pisador de huevos para poder acceder a un mundo donde lo que se pisa son muertos... Slomo Ben Ami, historiador hispanista y antaño embajador de Israel, ha acusado sin tapujos a la política del corrupto y reaccionario Netanyahu, un “protofascista” en su opinión, de constituir una vergüenza y un riesgo para el estado de Israel. El hecho de que nadie haya recogido esta reflexión en nuestros medios alumbra un poco el ambiente guerrero con el que abordamos la catástrofe... Esto va de poder y no de otra cosa. De poder de dominio, de poder estratégico y hasta de poder vivir... hay dos hechos incontrovertibles... uno, el estado de Israel es una realidad incontestable... dos, mientras no se pueda establecer un estado palestino la sangre seguirá corriendo y la inseguridad se multiplicará... si alguien lo cita, caso de Antonio Guterrez, secretario general de la ONU, la otra parte amenaza con abandonar la Organización, sin cuyo apoyo ni siquiera hubiera nacido (Gregorio Morán)

[crookedpizzaprincess]

CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN

El tipo de información del proyecto de sustentabilidad ambiental, proporciona información, fuentes y herramientas reales del proyecto cultiva y cosecha en casa.

Situaciones desencadenantes del proyecto de sustentabilidad ambiental: de dónde partimos y hacia dónde vamos

DE DÓNDE PARTIMOS:

Del problema de la contaminación del agua que se utiliza para el riego de plantas y hortalizas de la Alcaldía Xochimilco.

(Pérez Porto, 2017) define cosecha como el  acto de recolectar los frutos que brinda la tierra, por lo general obtenidos mediante cultivos. El término también hace referencia a la temporada en la cual se realiza dicha recolección, a los productos que se recogen y al conjunto de los frutos.

HACIA DÓNDE VAMOS:

- El proyecto propone concientizar sobre la importancia de cultivar y cosechar alimentos más limpios, saludables, nutritivos,  económicos y sustentables en casa. Identificar y evaluar los posibles impactos ambientales generados por el consumo y desecho de materiales reciclables.

Información acerca del proyecto de sustentabilidad ambiental: óptimos, reales, sentimientos, causas y soluciones y trascendencia.

ÓPTIMOS: porque permite ver el desarrollo de los vegetales sembrados, satisface la necesidad de comer algo saludable, además,  permite dar el primer paso hacia la sostenibilidad alimentaria.

Cultivar y cosechar favorece al cuidado del medio ambiente, es económico y crea mejores condiciones de vida.

REALES: es un proyecto real que cumple con los objetivos, porque crea alternativas de sustentabilidad por medio de la participación de los ciudadanos y beneficia al autoconsumo.

SENTIMIENTOS: es un proyecto que  genera una conexión con la madre tierra e inspira sensaciones positivas de gratitud y abundancia.

CAUSAS: se realiza el proyecto por la contaminación del agua de los canales y sus condiciones que están en deterioro creciente.

SOLUCIONES: la solución es el programa de “PILARES” propone la Integración activa de los ciudadanos en la adquisición y configuración de los aprendizajes en técnicas para la germinación de semillas (diversas).  Participación en el diseño y desarrollo del proceso enseñanza/aprendizaje en el cuidado y cultivo de plantas.

TRASCENDENCIA:

-Permite el autoconsumo.

-Permite adquirir o recuperar conocimientos y desarrollar nuevas habilidades.

-Permite decidir qué es lo que queremos comer y valorar los productos con criterios que transcienden el precio.

Fuentes de información: personas, web, libros, empresa, institución donde se desarrolla el proyecto de sustentabilidad ambiental

PERSONAS:

-El capacitador que impartirá el taller

-Ciudadanos que tomarían el taller

WEB: https://inta.gob.ar/sites/default/files/script-tmp-manual_de_cultivos_para_la_huerta_organica_familiar_-.pdf

LIBROS: San Gregorio Atlapulco

Imaginar nuestro futuro desde la memoria

INSTITUCIONES: PROGRAMA “PILARES”

Herramientas para la recopilación de datos: entrevistas (guía de entrevista), encuestas (cuestionarios), observaciones (guía de observación, diario de campo), testimonios, grupos de enfoque, rúbrica, lista de cotejo, entre otras.

ENTREVISTA: al capacitador

CUESTIONARIO: a los ciudadanos

TESTIMONIOS: De los ciudadanos

LISTA DE COTEJO: de los ciudadanos

La siguiente tabla muestra alguna de las características de sembrar. Por ejemplo: La palabra «calidad» proviene del latín qualitas, que significa atributo, propiedad o naturaleza básica de un objeto. Sin embargo, en la actualidad y en sentido abstracto su significado es «grado de excelencia o superioridad» (Kader, et al., 1985). Aceptando esta definición, se puede decir que un producto es de mejor calidad cuando es superior en uno o varios atributos que son valorados objetiva o subjetivamente.

Las herramientas contribuyeron a recaudar información de las experiencias de la comunidad, obteniendo interés por tomar el taller, dependiendo del tiempo disponible de las personas. La evaluación del proyecto sustentable de cultiva y cosecha en casa, cumple con el objetivo planteado, cultivar los propios trae benéficos por ejemplo: cosechar alimentos saludables y sin fertilizantes. También contribuye a cuidar y preservar el medio ambiente para que las generaciones futuras conozcan y disfruten del ecosistema.

Referencias:

Andrés F. López A.F. (2003). Manual Para la Preparación y Venta de Frutas y Hortalizas del mercado. BOLETÍN DE SERVICIOS AGRÍCOLAS DE LA FAO 151. (ISSN 1020-4334). Balcarce, Argentina. Recuperado: https://www.fao.org/3/y4893s/y4893s00.htm#Contents

Pérez Porto, J., Gardey, A. (11 de enero de 2017). Cosecha - Qué es, definición y concepto. Definicion.de. Última actualización el 22 de marzo de 2018. Recuperado el 19 de abril de 2023 de https://definicion.de/cosecha/

[zerounotvadri]

A CAPRICHO, PROPUESTA ESCÉNICA QUE ENARBOLA A LA AMISTAD COMO UN PILAR DE LA VIDA PLENA Y FELIZ

Confianza, respeto y cariño se condensan en un espectáculo para toda la familia

Se presentará una nueva versión con artistas circenses invitados el próximo jueves 4 de mayo en el Teatro de la Ciudad Esperanza Iris

Habrá grandes sorpresas

La agrupación La Gran Pompa cumple 18 años de trabajo y lo festeja con la presentación de un especial espectáculo el próximo jueves 4 de mayo en el Teatro de la Ciudad Esperanza Iris de la Dirección del Sistema de Teatros de la Secretaría de Cultura de la Ciudad de México. A casi dos décadas de su creación, la compañía ofrecerá una función especial de una versión nueva, (habrá grandes sorpresas), con artistas circenses invitados, de A Capricho, propuesta que pone en el centro a la amistad, uno de los pilares más importantes para tener una vida plena y feliz.

A través de la camaraderia y la complicidad, dos payasos compiten de diferentes maneras por ganarse la simpatía de los espectadores. Con ocurrencias, trucos y muestras de amistad que resisten cualquier broma, se enarbola la importancia de contar con sólidas relaciones amistosas que ofrezcan recíprocamente confianza, respeto y cariño que dura toda la vida.

El humor es el hilo conductor de la obra, y a través de él, se transmiten importantes lecciones sobre la vida, ya que es una poderosa herramienta para afrontar las situaciones difíciles, y los payasos la utilizan para demostrar que, incluso en momentos de tensión, siempre hay algo que hace sonreír. 

Autoría y dirección de Valerio Vázquez y Malcolm Méndez, A Capricho también muestra que la amistad es más importante que cualquier competencia o rivalidad. 

En escena se aprecian diversos actos de virtuosismo corporal, en los que el riesgo implícito en los actos de acrobacia, malabarismo, látigo y equilibrismo, funcionan como llave para abrir la respuesta espontánea del público. Dichos números son presentados bajo el meticuloso arte del clown, que mantiene una interacción directa y constante con el público, en la que el humor se integra a la realización de las suertes circenses. 

“Con estos elementos, buscamos generar un ambiente festivo, en el que el público participe activamente e influya en el desarrollo de la función”, afirma la producción.

La propuesta se inspira en los espectáculos de variedades de principios del siglo XX. Inmersos en un ambiente glamoroso, los personajes hacen mofa de la ridícula elegancia de aquellos tiempos y evocan con humor las alegrías de hace un siglo. Asimismo, el espectáculo es sonorizado por un percusionista que caricaturiza las acciones de los personajes, que remite a los dibujos animados de la época citada con elementos de comedia física (slapstick) para el desarrollo de la obra y sirve para aludir a las absurdas y fantásticas secuencias cómicas del cine mudo.

A Capricho se ha presentado a un público muy diverso. Ha llevado a cabo funciones en lugares en los que la oferta artística y cultural es muy limitada, así como, en escenarios importantes en el marco de festivales artísticos en México y en el extranjero. 

“La respuesta del público, nos confirma la universalidad del humor, pues a pesar de presentarse en contextos muy distintos, ha conseguido provocar una respuesta genuina y espontánea de sorpresa, alegría y regocijo. Además, es un espectáculo que incluye de igual manera al público infantil, jóvenes y adultos, en la experiencia de comunión que propician las artes escénicas”, subraya la producción.

En 2021, La Gran Pompa obtuvo el Grand Prix, premio principal que se otorga en el Festival Internacional de Mimos y Clowns “Comediada”, en Odesa, Ucrania.

El equipo creativo del presente montaje lo integran en la producción ejecutiva: Edgar Uscanga, en la música incidentalista: Gregorio Villegas, en el diseño de iluminación: Roberto Paredes, con una producción general de La Gran Pompa.

A Capricho. Celebrando 18 años de la Gran Pompa se presentará el jueves 4 de mayo, a las 20:30 horas, en el Teatro de la Ciudad Esperanza Iris (Donceles 36, colonia Centro Histórico, Metro Allende).

Admisión: Luneta, $280, Primer Piso Central y Primer Piso Lateral, $240 y Anfiteatro y Galería, $150. Los boletos se pueden adquirir en la taquilla del teatro y en las plataformas digitales de Ticketmaster.

Para conocer la programación de la Dirección del Sistema de Teatros de la Ciudad de México, visite la página: www.teatros.cultura.cdmx.gob.mx o la aplicación TeatrosCDMX, disponible en los sistemas operativos Android e IOS y en las redes sociales: Facebook @TeatrosCdMexico, Twitter @TeatrosCdMexico e Instagram @teatroscdmexico.

[ask-emilz-de-philz]

WHAT NICKNAME/TITLE IS GEN. GREGORIO DEL PILAR MOST KNOWN AS?

ANSWER: "Boy General”

Gen. Gregorio del Pilar (also known by his close friends/family as Goyo), as one of the youngest generals in the Revolutionary Army, was known for the successful assault on the Spanish barracks in the municipality of Paombong, his victory on the first phase Battle of Quingua and his last stand at the Battle of Tirad Pass during the Philippine–American War. 

Because of his youth, he became known as the "Boy General" (He became general at the age of 22).

He was also known as a ladies man and was described by National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin as the "Byron of Bulacan".

#planetputo

BLOG: http://ask-emilz-de-philz.tumblr.com

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[23meraki]

Yes, I am also in youtube. :>

[sansimeonsims]

Another historical epic drama from the makers of Heneral Luna, Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral, has been released. I encourage Filipino followers to catch this movie. For non-Filipinos interested in the film, stay tuned for any news of an  International release or it being available on DVD.

[azucarera-art]

This movie has my top fave original scores. This one gives me early Ezio Trilogy Era Assassin’s Creed vibes